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Zhao J, Qin C, Shen Y, Xu C, Yao S, Liang C. A comprehensive review of chloropropanol analytical method in the context of food safety. Food Chem 2024; 446:138776. [PMID: 38417283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Chloropropanols are among the major food contaminants, and quantifying their content in food is a key food-safety issue. In response to the demand for highly sensitive and selective analysis, the scientific community is committed to continuous innovation and optimization of various analytical techniques. This paper comprehensively reviews the latest developments in chloropropanol analysis technologies and systematically compares and analyzes the working principles, application conditions, advantages, and challenges of these methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is the preferred choice for chloropropanol analysis in complex sample matrices owing to its high resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy. Electrochemical methods provide strong support for the real-time monitoring of chloropropanols because of their high selectivity and sensitivity towards electrochemically active molecules. Other techniques offer innovative solutions for the rapid and accurate analysis of chloropropanol at different levels. Finally, innovative directions for the development of chloropropanol analysis methods for food safety are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhao
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Yifan Shen
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Cheng Xu
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi University College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control.
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Sun C, Wu N, Kou S, Wu H, Liu Y, Pei A, Li Q. Occurrence, formation mechanism, detection methods, and removal approaches for chloropropanols and their esters in food: An updated systematic review. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100529. [PMID: 36845468 PMCID: PMC9943786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloropropanols, one of the major contaminants in food, and the corresponding esters or glycidyl esters (GEs) are of great concern in terms of product safety due to their potential carcinogenicity. During heat processing, glycerol, allyl alcohol, chloropropanol esters, sucralose, and carbohydrate in mixed foodstuffs are probable precursors of chloropropanol. The standard analytical techniques for chloropropanols or their esters are GC-MS or LC-MS following sample derivatization pretreatment. By comparing modern data against that five-year-old before, it appears that the levels of chloropropanols and their esters/GEs in food products have somewhat decreased. 3-MCPD esters or GEs may yet exceed the permitted intake set, however, especially in newborn formula which requires particularly stringent regulatory measures. Citespace (6.1. R2) software was employed in this study to examine the research focii of chloropropanols and their corresponding esters/GEs in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Sun
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ni Wu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shunli Kou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Haolin Wu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Annan Pei
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
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He J, Wang M, Zhu P, Zhang H, Hu C, Zhang W. Novel polyglycerol-10 dialdehyde mediated cross-linking of sodium caseinate: Preparation, characterization, and improved emulsifying properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Qin ZN, Ding J, Yu QW, Zhou P, Feng YQ. A boronic acid-modified C 60 derivatization reagent for the rapid detection of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9169. [PMID: 34293234 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a well-known contaminant formed in food thermal processing, which could be found in a variety of foodstuffs. Due to its potential carcinogenicity, it was essential to quickly develop a rapid and high-throughput analytical method to monitor 3-MCPD in foodstuffs, which is described in this study. METHODS 3-MCPD was extracted from foodstuffs and then was derivatized with a boronic acid-modified C60 (B-C60 ) through the boronic acid-diol reaction. Microwave heating was used to accelerate the derivatization reaction. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS (MALDI-MS). The application of the method was validated using various smoked food samples. RESULTS The chemical derivatization of 3-MCPD with B-C60 enabled the addition of a C60 -tag to 3-MCPD. High-throughput analysis of the sample within 0.5 h was realized. A good linear range from 0.02 to 1.5 μg mL-1 for 3-MCPD was obtained, with a detection limit of 0.005 μg mL-1 . The recoveries in spiked foodstuffs ranged from 85.4% to 115.1% with relative standard deviations of 2.0%-14.2%. This method was successfully applied to detect 3-MCPD in smoked foodstuffs. CONCLUSIONS A quantitative method was developed for the detection of 3-MCPD in foodstuffs using B-C60 derivatization combined with MALDI-MS strategy. This proposed method may serve as a potential platform for the rapid and high-throughput analysis of 3-MCPD in foodstuffs for the purpose of food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Na Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong-Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Du Y, Hu J, Hu Z, Zhang W, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu Y. A sensitive HPLC-FLD method for the quantitative determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol by pre-column fluorescence derivatization with 9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1952427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Weinong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutang Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao Y, Xu Y, Shi L, Fan Y. Perovskite Nanomaterial-Engineered Multiplex-Mode Fluorescence Sensing of Edible Oil Quality. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11033-11042. [PMID: 34320808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble fluorescence nanomaterials are widely applied for water-phase food safety monitoring. However, there is still a challenge for the development of oil-soluble fluorescence nanomaterials for oil-phase food safety detection. Particularly, the edible oil quality has a huge impact on human health, in which excessive acid number (AN), 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), and moisture content (MC) are critical monitoring factors. Herein, orange-emitting oil-soluble CsPbBr1.5I1.5 quantum dots (QDs) were prepared and applied for AN and 3-MCPD detection depending on fluorescence quenching and wavelength shifts. A "turn-off" fluorescence sensor and "wavelength-shift" fluorescence colorimetric sensor were fabricated for AN and 3-MCPD detection. Water-sensitive mesoporous silica-coated CsPbBr1.5I1.5 QDs were employed for the establishment of ratiometric fluorescence sensors for MC monitoring by introducing water-stable green-emitting CsPbBr3 nanosheets (NSs) as reference probes. Perovskite nanomaterial-engineered multiplex-mode fluorescence sensors were proposed for the detection of AN, 3-MCPD, and MC in edible oil, with the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.71 mg KOH/g, 39.8 μg/mL 3-MCPD, and 0.45% MC, respectively. This work not only expands the application of perovskite nanomaterials in the bioanalysis field but also provides new materials and novel approaches for the multiplex-mode oil-phase food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yinjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lixia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Huang S, He J, Han L, Lin H, Liu G, Zhang W. Zein-Polyglycerol Conjugates with Enhanced Water Solubility and Stabilization of High Oil Loading Emulsion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11810-11816. [PMID: 32991806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To increase the water solubility of zein as a stabilizing agent for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, three zein-polyglycerol (Zein-PG) conjugates, Zein-PG-2, Zein-PG-6, and Zein-PG-10, were prepared by dehydration between zein and polyglycerol aldehydes obtained by NaIO4 oxidation of polyglycerol-2, -6, and -10 and characterized by free amine content, grafting degree, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectra. All conjugates dispersed in water as nanoparticles were verified by transmission electron microscopy. Conjugation with PG changed the isoelectric point of zein from 6.2 to 6.8 and to 4.0. Zein-PG-6 and Zein-PG-10 showed strong stabilization on the O/W emulsions with 18-fold loading of soybean oil on the basis of conjugate mass, displaying high oil loading capacity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) confirmed the O/W structure of emulsions and that the absorption of Zein-PG-10 on the oil droplet surface offered the driving force to be stable. The present Zein-PG conjugates thus produced an enticing resource for use as nanocarriers or bioemulsifiers in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junbo He
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Weinong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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He B, Wang L, Li M. A biosensor for direct bioelectrocatalysis detection of 3-MCPD in soy sauce using Cyt-c incorporated in Au@AgNSs/FeMOF nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fang M, Zhou L, Zhang H, Liu L, Gong ZY. A molecularly imprinted polymers/carbon dots-grafted paper sensor for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol determination. Food Chem 2019; 274:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee BQ, Wan Mohamed Radzi CWJB, Khor SM. A simultaneous derivatization of 3-monochloropropanediol and 1,3-dichloropropane with hexamethyldisilazane–trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature for efficient analysis of food sample analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1432:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Jędrkiewicz R, Orłowski A, Namieśnik J, Tobiszewski M. Green analytical chemistry introduction to chloropropanols determination at no economic and analytical performance costs? Talanta 2016; 147:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Vicente E, Arisseto AP, Furlani RP, Monteiro V, Gonçalves LM, Pereira ALD, Toledo MCF. Levels of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in selected processed foods from the Brazilian market. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Lee BQ, Khor SM. 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in Soy Sauce: A Review on the Formation, Reduction, and Detection of This Potential Carcinogen. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 14:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Qin Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Univ. of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sook Mei Khor
- Dept. of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Univ. of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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