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Aoyagi M, Imai S, Kamoi T. Novel bisthiolane polysulfides from lachrymatory factor synthase-suppressed onion and their in vitro cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory activity. Food Chem 2020; 344:128636. [PMID: 33223294 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel bisthiolane polysulfides (compounds 1 and 2), trivially named thiolanotrisulfide and thiolanotetrasulfide, were isolated from a reaction model of tearless onion (in which lachrymatory factor synthase is suppressed), and the presence of another novel bisthiolane polysulfide (3), trivially named thiolanopentasulfide, was confirmed. On the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, it was found that these bisthiolane polysulfides were bis(5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethylthiolan-2-yl)-tri/tetra/pentasulfide with the general formulas of C12H22O2S5 (tri-), C12H22O2S6 (tetra-) and C12H22O2S7 (penta-), and they were confirmed to exist in authentic tearless onion juice. Thiolanotrisulfide (1) and thiolanotetrasulfide (2) inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 activity with IC50 values of 720 ± 78 and 464 ± 48 μM respectively, compared with 3282 ± 188 μM for aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihiro Aoyagi
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Imai
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamoi
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Japan
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2
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Kaliyan P, Selvaraj L, Muthu SP. Water extract of onion catalyst: An economical green route for the synthesis of 2‐substituted and 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives with high selectivity. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Kaliyan
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
| | - Loganathan Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
| | - Seenivasa Perumal Muthu
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
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3
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Huang L, Ho CT, Wang Y. Biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of spice flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2047-2060. [PMID: 32462891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically, spices have played an important economic role, due to their large applications and unique flavor. The supply and cost of spice materials and their corresponding natural products are often affected by environmental, geopolitical and climatic conditions. Secondary metabolite composition, including certain flavor compounds in spice plants, is recognized and considered closely related to plant classification. Both genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of spice flavors are constantly identified, which provides insight into metabolic engineering of flavor compounds (i.e. aroma and pungent compounds) from spice plants. In this review, a systematic meta-analysis was carried out based on a comprehensive literature survey of the flavor profiles of 36 spice plants from nine families. We also reviewed typical biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of most representative aroma and pungent compounds that may assist in the future study of spice plants as biosynthetic factories facing a new challenge in creating spice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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4
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Yoshimoto N, Saito K. S-Alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in the genus Allium: proposed biosynthesis, chemical conversion, and bioactivities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4123-4137. [PMID: 31106832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
S-Alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are sulfur-containing natural products characteristic of the genus Allium. Both the flavor and medicinal properties of Allium plants are attributed to a wide variety of sulfur-containing compounds that are generated from S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides. Previous radiotracer experiments proposed that S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are biosynthesized from glutathione. The recent identification of γ-glutamyl transpeptidases and a flavin-containing S-oxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (alliin) in garlic (Allium sativum) provided insights into the reaction order of deglutamylation and S-oxygenation together with the localization of the biosynthesis, although the rest of the enzymes in the pathway still await discovery. In intact plants, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are stored in the cytosol of storage mesophyll cells. During tissue damage, the vacuolar enzyme alliinase contacts and hydrolyzes S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides to produce the corresponding sulfenic acids, which are further converted into various sulfur-containing bioactive compounds mainly via spontaneous reactions. The formed sulfur-containing compounds exhibit bioactivities related to pathogen defense, the prevention and alleviation of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the current understanding of the occurrence, biosynthesis, and alliinase-triggered chemical conversion of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in Allium plants as well as the impact of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides and their derivatives on medicinal, food, and agricultural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Cyclic sulfur-containing compounds from Allium fistulosum ‘Kujou’. J Nat Med 2018; 73:397-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Burtea A, Rychnovsky SD. Biosynthesis-Inspired Approach to Kujounin A2 Using a Stereoselective Tsuji–Trost Alkylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:5849-5852. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burtea
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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7
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Effect of Allicin against Ischemia/Hypoxia-Induced H9c2 Myoblast Apoptosis via eNOS/NO Pathway-Mediated Antioxidant Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3207973. [PMID: 29849702 PMCID: PMC5926492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3207973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allicin (2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-2-propenyl ester, diallyl thiosulfinate) is the main biologically active ingredient in garlic. The present study investigated the protective effect of allicin against cardiomyocyte apoptosis that was induced by ischemia in vitro and the potential molecular mechanisms that were involved in this antiapoptotic effect. The results indicated that allicin increased H9c2 cell activity and attenuated the rate of apoptosis that was induced by ischemia/hypoxia. Intracellular calcium concentrations significantly decreased in the allicin-treated groups. Bax expression significantly decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased in allicin-treated rats. Nitric oxide blockade significantly inhibited these effects. Allicin also increased the activity of SOD and NO release and decreased MDA levels. Allicin significantly increased the expression of eNOS, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that allicin protects H9c2 cells against apoptosis, and this protective effect appears to occur via eNOS/NO pathway-mediated antioxidant activity.
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Fukaya M, Nakamura S, Nakagawa R, Nakashima S, Yamashita M, Matsuda H. Rare Sulfur-Containing Compounds, Kujounins A 1 and A 2 and Allium Sulfoxide A 1, from Allium fistulosum 'Kujou'. Org Lett 2017; 20:28-31. [PMID: 29227665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three sulfur-containing compounds, kujounins A1 (1) and A2 (2) and allium sulfoxide A1 (3), were isolated from the acetone extract of Allium fistulosum 'Kujou'. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence, including X-ray crystallographic data. Compounds 1 and 2 possess three rings and an acetal structure and were obtained as complex compounds having disulfide and monosaccharide moieties. On the other hand, compound 3 has a thiolane skeleton derived from allicin. Naturally occurring compounds 1-3 have rare molecular skeletons. This study is the first to determine the absolute configuration of thiolane-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Fukaya
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakagawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Souichi Nakashima
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Prabakaran K, Sivakumar M, Perumal MS. A Simple, Efficient Green Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Enaminone and Enamino Ester Derivatives by Using Onion Extract as Green Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaliyan Prabakaran
- Department of ChemistryGandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University Gandhigram, Dindigul district Tamilnadu-624 302 India
| | - Matam Sivakumar
- Department of ChemistryGandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University Gandhigram, Dindigul district Tamilnadu-624 302 India
| | - Muthu Seenivasa Perumal
- Department of ChemistryGandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University Gandhigram, Dindigul district Tamilnadu-624 302 India
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