1
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Fu Y, Du H, Wang P, Yin N, Cai X, Geng Z, Li Y, Cui Y. Effects of foods and food components on the in vitro bioaccessibility of total arsenic and arsenic species from Hizikia fusiforme seaweed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165775. [PMID: 37499825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is an important food source, especially in many Asian countries, because of its high nutritional value; however, increasing arsenic (As) accumulation may pose serious hazards to human health. The influence of food components on As bioaccessibility and transformation in the high As-containing seaweed Hizikia fusiforme was determined using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method. The results showed that co-digestion with several daily foods (such as celery, broccoli, onion, green chili, tomato) produced a higher As bioaccessibility (approximately 6-11 % increase) compared with that of seaweed alone. Vegetables such as fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.), celery (Apium grareolens L.), blanched garlic leaves (Allium sativum L.), scallions (Allium fistulosum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), and green pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. vat. grussum Bailey) decreased bioaccessible inorganic As (18-35 %) in both the gastric and small intestinal phases. Meanwhile, the process of reducing As(V) to As(III) also occurred during co-digestion with some food matrices. Egg white and other animal proteins were the most effective reducing agents, transforming >70 % As(V) into As(III) in the solution system. These results may have important implications for health risk assessment via co-consumption. The present study provides the first evidence showing that the co-consumption of some vegetables and proteins leads to a higher toxicity of inorganic arsenic-containing food. In addition, the positive and negative effects of co-digestion on the bioaccessibility of essential metals (iron, manganese) compared to single digestion were evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Fu
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Geng
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Domene A, Orozco H, Rodríguez-Viso P, Monedero V, Zúñiga M, Vélez D, Devesa V. Impact of Chronic Exposure to Arsenate through Drinking Water on the Intestinal Barrier. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1731-1744. [PMID: 37819996 PMCID: PMC10726480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) [As(III) + As(V)], which affects millions of people, increases the incidence of some kinds of cancer and other noncarcinogenic pathologies. Although the oral pathway is the main source of exposure, in vivo studies conducted to verify the intestinal toxicity of this metalloid are scarce and are mainly focused on evaluating the toxicity of As(III). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure (6 months) of BALB/c mice to As(V) (15-60 mg/L) via drinking water on the different components of the intestinal barrier and to determine the possible mechanisms involved. The results show that chronic exposure to As(V) generates a situation of oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and reactive species) and inflammation (increased contents of several proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltrations) in the intestinal tissues. There is also evidence of an altered expression of constituent proteins of the intercellular junctions (Cldn1, Cldn3, and Ocln) and the mucus layer (Muc2) and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. All of these toxic effects eventually may lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier, which shows an increased paracellular permeability. Moreover, signs of endotoxemia are observed in the serum of As(V)-treated animals (increases in lipopolysaccharide-binding protein LBP and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β). The data obtained suggest that chronic exposure to As(V) via drinking water affects the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Domene
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Helena Orozco
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Viso
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica
y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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3
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Liu B, Sui J, Feng R, Lin H, Han X, Sun X, Cao L. Transformation of arsenic species from seafood consumption during in vitro digestion. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207732. [PMID: 37899842 PMCID: PMC10602890 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) species analysis is important for the risk evaluation of seafood. Until now, there has been limited information on the change of As species during digestion. Here, the As species in different types of seafood before and after in vitro digestion were investigated. Although inorganic As was not detected in digested fish samples, As(V) contents in digested crabs and scallops were 17.12 ± 1.76 and 138.69 ± 7.53, respectively, which were approximately 2-3 times greater than those of the pre-digestion samples. In further experiments, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinate, arsenobetaine, and monomethylarsonate were all convertible to As(V) during in vitro digestions with different rates. The transformation demonstrates a complex process and could be affected by many factors, such as pH, time, and digestion juice composition, of which pH seemed to be particularly important. Free radicals were responsible for the oxidation in the transformation reactions. Unlike arsenobetaine, arsenocholine seemed to be able to directly transform to monomethylarsonate without the intermediate dimethylarsinate. This study reveals and validates the potential of other species (oAs or/and unknown species) to convert to iAs, identifies the main factors affecting this process, and proposes a reaction pathway. There is an important implication for promoting a more accurate risk assessment of arsenic in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xun Sun
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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4
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Xiong C, Calatayud M, van de Wiele T, Francesconi K. Gut microbiota metabolize arsenolipids in a donor dependent way. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113662. [PMID: 35617903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and arsenolipids can help us manage the potential health risk of consuming seafood, but little is known about the bioconversion fate of arsenolipids in the gastrointestinal tract. We use an in vitro mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) to mimic the digestive tract of four healthy donors during exposure to two arsenolipids (an arsenic fatty acid AsFA 362 or an arsenic hydrocarbon AsHC 332). The metabolites were analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. The human gut bacteria accumulated arsenolipids in a donor-dependent way, with higher retention of AsHC 332. Colonic microbiota partly transformed both arsenolipids to their thioxo analogs, while AsFA 362 was additionally transformed into arsenic-containing fatty esters, arsenic-containing fatty alcohols, and arsenic-containing sterols. There was no significant difference in water-soluble arsenicals between arsenolipid treatments. The study shows that arsenolipids can be quickly biotransformed into several lipid-soluble arsenicals of unknown toxicity, which cannot be excluded when considering potential implications on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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5
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Usage of Si, P, Se, and Ca Decrease Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice, a Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. Thus, direct or indirect—infecting livestock and poultry—increase diseases such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and ultimately death in the long term. Therefore, finding different ways to reduce the uptake and transfer of arsenic by rice would reduce the contamination of rice plants with this dangerous element and improve animal and human nutrition and ultimately disease and mortality. In this article, we aim to take a small step in improving sustainable life on earth by referring to the various methods that researchers have taken to reduce rice contamination by arsenic in recent years. Adding micronutrients and macronutrients as fertilizer for rice is one way to improve this plant’s growth and health. In this study, by examining two types of macronutrients and two types of micronutrients, their role in reducing arsenic toxicity and absorption was investigated. Therefore, both calcium and phosphorus were selected from the macronutrients, and selenium and silicon were selected from the micronutrients, whose roles in previous studies had been investigated.
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6
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Tokalıoğlu Ş, Clough R, Foulkes M, Worsfold P. Stability of Arsenic Species During Bioaccessibility Assessment Using the In Vitro UBM and HPLC-ICP-MS Detection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:332-338. [PMID: 32076953 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The stability of four major arsenic (As) species during application of the BARGE (Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe) unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) has been assessed. The concentrations of As species in the UBM gastric and gastro-intestinal (gastric + intestinal) phases were determined using HPLC-ICP-MS whilst the total As content in the samples was determined using ICP-MS alone. The arsenic species studied were arsenite As(III), arsenate As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA). These species were separated in 10 min using an anion exchange column (Hamilton PRP-X100) with a mobile phase containing 20 mmol L-1 NH4H2PO4/1% methanol (pH 6.0). The recoveries of arsenic species spiked into the gastric and gastro-intestinal fluids were in the range 90-108%. No interconversion between As species was observed as a result of applying the BARGE UBM, which is a particularly important finding for the reliability of As(III) measurements. The accuracy of the BARGE UBM for in vitro extractable As(V) was verified using British Geological Survey (BGS) guidance material 102 (an ironstone soil). For a commercial rice sample, the bioaccessibility sequence of As was DMA > As(III) > As(V) for the gastric phase and As(III) > DMA > As(V) for the gastro-intestinal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Tokalıoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Erciyes University, TR 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Robert Clough
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mike Foulkes
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
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7
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Arsenic speciation in cooked food and its bioaccessible fraction using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Food Chem 2020; 336:127587. [PMID: 32777657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing or the digestion process can alter the forms of arsenic (As) present in food. Identification of As species is necessary to accurately determine the risk associated with food consumption. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was used to investigate As species in rice, asparagus, and garlic boiled in water containing As(V), and in their bioaccessible fractions (solubilized As after gastrointestinal digestion). The XANES analysis revealed the presence of As(III) (11871.5 eV) or As(III)-S [As(III)-Cys, 11869.6 eV] solution in the cooked foods and in their bioaccessible fractions. The percentage of trivalent species (12-55%) followed the order asparagus ≫ rice ≈ garlic. In the asparagus and garlic samples, part of the As(V) (tetrahedral form) [11875 eV] that had been added appeared in the form of an octahedral As(V) compound [As(V)-glycerol, 11876 eV]. All these changes could considerably modify the risk associated with ingestion of As-contaminated food.
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8
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Gajdosechova Z, Grinberg P, Nadeau K, Yang L, Meija J, Gürleyük H, Wozniak BJ, Feldmann J, Savage L, Deawtong S, Kumkrong P, Kubachka K, Mester Z. CRM rapid response approach for the certification of arsenic species and toxic trace elements in baby cereal coarse rice flour certified reference material BARI-1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4363-4373. [PMID: 32382966 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With recently legislated maximum levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in white and brown rice in Canada, the regulatory bodies are evaluating the need for regulation of As levels in infant food products. Rice is a major part of infants' diet, and therefore, the presence of As in this staple food causes concerns. So far, the scientific community was lacking suitable certified reference material (CRM) which could be used to assess the accuracy of developed analytical methods for As speciation in infants' food products. As a result, we have developed BARI-1, a baby cereal coarse rice flour reference material which was certified for total arsenic (0.248 ± 0.018 mg kg-1), cadmium (0.0134 ± 0.0014 mg kg-1), mercury (0.0026 ± 0.0003 mg kg-1), lead (0.0064 ± 0.0016 mg kg-1), inorganic As (0.113 ± 0.016 mg kg-1) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (0.115 ± 0.010 mg kg-1), and reference value for monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) (0.0045 ± 0.0008 mg kg-1) was reported. We also observed trace amounts of an unknown As compound, with chromatographic retention time close to DMA. Participating laboratories were allowed to use their in-house-validated extraction and/or digestion methods, and the detection of total metals was done by ICP-MS whereas HPLC-ICP-MS was used for As speciation. Despite the diversity in sample preparation and quantitation methods, reported values were in good agreement. For iAs measurement, the comparison between hydride generation ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS found iAs overestimation with the former method, possibly due to interference from DMA. The certification was accomplished with a CRM rapid response approach in collaborative, focused effort completing the CRM development in few months instead of the typical multiyear project. This approach allowed to respond to measurement needs in a timely fashion. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdosechova
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patricia Grinberg
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Kenny Nadeau
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Lu Yang
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hakan Gürleyük
- Brooks Applied Labs, 18804 North Creek Parkway, Suite 100, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Ben J Wozniak
- Brooks Applied Labs, 18804 North Creek Parkway, Suite 100, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Laurie Savage
- TESLA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Suladda Deawtong
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paramee Kumkrong
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.,Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kevin Kubachka
- US FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 4523, USA
| | - Zoltan Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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9
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Wolle MM, Conklin SD, Wittenberg J. Matrix-induced transformation of arsenic species in seafoods. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1060:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Bilinsky LM, Thomas DJ, Fisher JW. Using mathematical modeling to infer the valence state of arsenicals in tissues: A PBPK model for dimethylarsinic acid (DMA V) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA III) in mice. J Theor Biol 2019; 461:215-229. [PMID: 30393109 PMCID: PMC6296760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), a contaminant of water and food supplies, is associated with many adverse health effects. A notable feature of iAs metabolism is sequential methylation reactions which produce mono- and di-methylated arsenicals that can contain arsenic in either the trivalent (III) or pentavalent (V) valence states. Because methylated arsenicals containing trivalent arsenic are more potent toxicants than their pentavalent counterparts, the ability to distinguish between the +3 and +5 valence states is a crucial property for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of arsenicals to possess if they are to be of use in risk assessment. Unfortunately, current analytic techniques for quantifying arsenicals in tissues disrupt the valence state; hence, pharmacokinetic studies in animals, used for model calibration, only reliably provide data on the sum of the +3 and +5 valence forms of a given metabolite. In this paper we show how mathematical modeling can be used to overcome this obstacle and present a PBPK model for the dimethylated metabolite of iAs, which exists as either dimethylarsinous acid, (CH3)2AsIIIOH (abbreviated DMAIII) or dimethylarsinic acid, (CH3)2AsV(O)OH (abbreviated DMAV). The model distinguishes these two forms and sets a lower bound on how much of an organ's DMA burden is present in the more reactive and toxic trivalent valence state. We conjoin the PBPK model to a simple model for DMAIII-induced oxidative stress in liver and use this extended model to predict cytotoxicity in liver in response to the high oral dose of DMAV. The model incorporates mechanistic details derived from in vitro studies and is iteratively calibrated with lumped-valence-state PK data for intravenous or oral dosing with DMAV. Model formulation leads us to predict that orally administered DMAV undergoes extensive reduction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the more toxic trivalent DMAIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Bilinsky
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - David J Thomas
- Pharmacokinetics Branch, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive (MD-105-03), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Fisher
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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11
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Pizarro I, Gómez-Gómez M, León J, Román D, Palacios MA. Bioaccessibility and arsenic speciation in carrots, beets and quinoa from a contaminated area of Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:557-563. [PMID: 27196992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables grown in arsenic (As)-contaminated soils is an important exposure route to the element for humans. The present study is focused on locally-grown, frequently-consumed vegetables, such as carrots (Daucus carota), beets (Beta vulgaris) and quinoa (Chenopodium) from the As-polluted Chiu Chiu area in Northern Chile. The latter region is affected both by As discharge from copper mining activity and natural As contamination, leading to a high As content in local food and water. For the selected vegetables, the following aspects were investigated: i) Their total As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Mn content; ii) Arsenic speciation in the edible part of the vegetables by liquid chromatography inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICPMS) analysis; iii) Arsenic bioaccessibility in the vegetables during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion; iv) Arsenic species present in the extracts obtained from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion; and v) Arsenic dietary exposure estimates for the assessment of the risk posed by the vegetables consumption. A significant degree of As contamination was found in the vegetables under study, their metal content having been compared with that of similar Spanish uncontaminated products. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the studied vegetables led to quantitative extraction of As from carrots and beets, whereas efficiency was about 40% for quinoa. For carrots, only As(III) and As(V) species were found, being their concentration levels similar. In the case of quinoa, around 85% of the element was present as As(V). For beets, inorganic As(V) and unknown overlapped As species (probably arsenosugars) were found. No significant transformation of the original As species was observed during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Arsenic dietary exposure values obtained for the three vegetables (0.017-0.021μg As person(-1)day(-1)) were much lower than the JFCFA's safety limit of 50μg As person(-1)day(-1). Therefore, no toxicological risk would be expected from the intake of these vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pizarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Milagros Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer León
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Domingo Román
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Antonia Palacios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Marschner K, Musil S, Dědina J. Demethylation of Methylated Arsenic Species during Generation of Arsanes with Tetrahydridoborate(1−) in Acidic Media. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6366-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Marschner
- Institute
of Analytical
Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveří
97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Musil
- Institute
of Analytical
Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveří
97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dědina
- Institute
of Analytical
Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveří
97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Bioaccessibility and degradation of naturally occurring arsenic species from food in the human gastrointestinal tract. Food Chem 2016; 212:189-97. [PMID: 27374523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to organic arsenic species through their diet and therefore, are susceptible to arsenic toxicity. Investigating the transformations occurring in the gastrointestinal tract will influence which arsenic species to focus on when studying metabolism in cells. Using a physiologically based extraction test, the bioaccessibility of arsenic species was determined after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of rice, seaweed and fish. Pure standards of the major arsenic species present in these foodstuffs (arsenic glutathione complexes, arsenosugars and short chain fatty acids) were also evaluated to assess the effect of the food matrix on bioaccessibility and transformation. Approximately 80% of arsenic is released from these foodstuffs, potentially becoming available. Hydrolysis and demethylation of arsenic glutathione complexes and arsenosugars standards was observed, but no transformations occurred to arsenosugars present in seaweed. Demethylation of MA and DMA from rice occurs increasing the amount of inorganic arsenic species available for metabolism.
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Wu C, Zou Q, Xue SG, Pan WS, Huang L, Hartley W, Mo JY, Wong MH. The effect of silicon on iron plaque formation and arsenic accumulation in rice genotypes with different radial oxygen loss (ROL). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:27-33. [PMID: 26840513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is one of the major pathways of arsenic (As) exposure in human food chain, threatening over half of the global population. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Si application on iron (Fe) plaque formation, As uptake and rice grain As speciation in indica and hybrid rice genotypes with different radial oxygen loss (ROL) ability. The results demonstrated that Si significantly increased root and grain biomass. Indica genotypes with higher ROL induced greater Fe plaque formation, compared to hybrid genotypes and sequestered more As in Fe plaque. Silicon applications significantly increased Fe concentrations in iron plaque of different genotypes, but it decreased As concentrations in the roots, straws and husks by 28-35%, 15-35% and 32-57% respectively. In addition, it significantly reduced DMA accumulation in rice grains but not inorganic As accumulation. Rice of indica genotypes with higher ROL accumulated lower concentrations of inorganic As in grains than hybrid genotypes with lower ROL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Sheng-Guo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Wei-Song Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liu Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - William Hartley
- Crop and Environment Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jing-Yu Mo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Clemente MJ, Devesa V, Vélez D. Dietary Strategies To Reduce the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic from Food Matrices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:923-931. [PMID: 26766512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The main route of exposure to arsenic (As) is the consumption of water and foods, in which the forms with greatest toxicity are inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA(V). The objective of this study was to search for dietary components that reduce the bioaccessibility of As from food and water, in order to reduce the amount of As available for absorption. For this purpose, 35 compounds were assayed by use of a static in vitro model of gastrointestinal digestion. Sulfates of Fe(II) and Fe(III) reduced the solubility of inorganic As (86-99%) and DMA(V) in aqueous solution (40-66%). This reduction was also observed in rice (100%) and seaweed (60%). Aluminum, titanium, and tannic acid also reduced the bioaccessibility of As from food (42-70%). These data show that the use of dietary components may be a good strategy to reduce the entry of As into systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Clemente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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16
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Van de Wiele T, Laing GD, Calatayud M. Arsenic from food: biotransformations and risk assessment. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Bralatei E, Lacan S, Krupp EM, Feldmann J. Detection of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Using a Field Test Kit: A Screening Method. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11271-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edi Bralatei
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation
Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Severine Lacan
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation
Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Krupp
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation
Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation
Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
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18
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Toxic trace elements at gastrointestinal level. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:163-75. [PMID: 26482641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many trace elements are considered essential [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)], whereas others may be harmful [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As)], depending on their concentration and chemical form. In most cases, the diet is the main pathway by which they enter our organism. The presence of toxic trace elements in food has been known for a long time, and many of the food matrices that carry them have been identified. This has led to the appearance of legislation and recommendations concerning consumption. Given that the main route of exposure is oral, passage through the gastrointestinal tract plays a fundamental role in their entry into the organism, where they exert their toxic effect. Although the digestive system can be considered to be of crucial importance in their toxicity, in most cases we do not know the events that occur during the passage of these elements through the gastrointestinal tract and of ascertaining whether they may have some kind of toxic effect on it. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on this subject, concentrating on the toxic trace elements that are of greatest interest for organizations concerned with food safety and health: Pb, Cd, Hg and As.
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Llorente-Mirandes T, Llorens-Muñoz M, Funes-Collado V, Sahuquillo À, López-Sánchez JF. Assessment of arsenic bioaccessibility in raw and cooked edible mushrooms by a PBET method. Food Chem 2015; 194:849-56. [PMID: 26471627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports arsenic analysis in Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus before and after being cooked. Furthermore, arsenic in raw and cooked mushroom was determined in the gastric and gastrointestinal bioaccessible fractions obtained after simulating human digestion by means of an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET). Several certified reference materials (SRM 1568a, SRM 1570a, CRM 7503-a, BC211 and IPE-120) were analysed to evaluate the proposed methods. Total arsenic content was 1393, 181 and 335μgAskg(-1) for L. edodes, A. bisporus and P. ostreatus, respectively, and decreased by between 53% and 71% in boiled mushroom and less than 11% in griddled mushroom. High bioaccessibility was observed in raw, boiled and griddled mushroom, ranging from 74% to 89% and from 80% to 100% for gastric and gastrointestinal extracts, respectively, suggesting the need to consider the potential health risk of consumption of the mushrooms analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Llorente-Mirandes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Mariona Llorens-Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Virginia Funes-Collado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Àngels Sahuquillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - José Fermín López-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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Vázquez M, Vélez D, Devesa V. Participation of b0,+and B0,+systems in the transport of mercury bound to cysteine in intestinal cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main source of exposure to mercury (Hg) as divalent inorganic Hg [Hg(ii)] and methylmercury (CH3Hg) is the diet, in which complexes with the amino acid cysteine (Hg–Cys) may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vázquez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- Avenida Agustín Escardino 7
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - D. Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- Avenida Agustín Escardino 7
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - V. Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- Avenida Agustín Escardino 7
- Valencia
- Spain
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