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Omachi DO, Aryee ANA, Onuh JO. Functional Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Reduction: A Concise Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2453. [PMID: 39125334 PMCID: PMC11314407 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional lipids are dietary substances that may have an impact on human health by lowering the risk of chronic illnesses and enhancing the quality of life. Numerous functional lipids have been reported to have potential health benefits in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is still insufficient and contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness and associated mechanisms of action. The objective of this review, therefore, is to evaluate available literature regarding these functional lipids and their health benefits. Various studies have been conducted to understand the links between functional lipids and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent studies on phytosterols have reported that CLA, medium-chain triglycerides, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids have positive effects on human health. Also, eicosanoids, which are the metabolites of these fatty acids, are produced in relation to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may modulate disease conditions. These functional lipids are available either in dietary or supplement forms and have been proven to be efficient, accessible, and inexpensive to be included in the diet. However, further research is required to properly elucidate the dosages, dietary intake, effectiveness, and their mechanisms of action in addition to the development of valid disease biomarkers and long-term effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah O. Omachi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Alberta N. A. Aryee
- Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, 1200 Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - John O. Onuh
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
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2
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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Vasquez-Rojas WV, Martín D, Fornari T, Cano MP. Brazil Nut ( Bertholletia excelsa) Beverage Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization: Changes in Main Components and Antioxidant Capacity during Cold Storage. Molecules 2023; 28:4675. [PMID: 37375230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-pressure homogenization (HPH) is an emerging technology for obtaining physical and microbial stability of plant-based milks, but there is little information on the effects of this technology on the phytochemical components of the processed plant food beverage and during its cold storage. The effect of three selected HPH treatments (180 MPa/25 °C, 150 MPa/55 °C, and 50 MPa/75 °C) and pasteurization (PAS) (63 °C, 20 min) on minor lipid constituents, total proteins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and essential minerals of Brazil nut beverage (BNB) were studied. Additionally, the study of the possible changes in these constituents was carried out during cold storage at 5 °C for 21 days. The fatty acid profile (dominated by oleic acid and linoleic acid), free fatty acid content, protein, and essential minerals (notable source of Se and Cu) of the processed BNB remained almost stable to treatments (HPH and PAS). Specifically, reductions in squalene (22.7 to 26.4%) and γ-γ-tocopherol (28.4 to 36%) were observed in beverages processed via both non-thermal HPH and thermal PAS, but β-sitosterol remained unchanged. Total phenolics were reduced (24 to 30%) after both treatments, a factor that influenced the observed antioxidant capacity. The studied individual phenolics in BNB were gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, and ellagic acid, being the most abundant compounds. During cold storage (5 °C) up to 21 days, changes in the content of phytochemicals, minerals, and total proteins were not noticeable for any treated beverages, and no lipolysis processes were promoted. Therefore, after the application of HPH processing, Brazil nut beverage (BNB) maintained almost unaltered levels of bioactive compounds, essential minerals, total protein, and oxidative stability, remarkable characteristics for its potential development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Valerio Vasquez-Rojas
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Comprehensive comparative analysis of lipid profile in dried and fresh walnut kernels by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. Food Chem 2022; 386:132706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Bachheti RK, Worku LA, Gonfa YH, Zebeaman M, Deepti, Pandey DP, Bachheti A. Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Plant Phytochemicals: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5741198. [PMID: 35832515 PMCID: PMC9273387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5741198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading killers, accounting for 30% deaths. According to the WHO report, CVDs kill 17.9 million people per year, and there will be 22.2 million deaths from CVD in 2030. The death rates rise as people get older. Regarding gender, the death rate of women by CVD (51%) is higher than that of men (42%). To decrease and prevent CVD, most people rely on traditional medicine originating from the plant (phytochemicals) in addition to or in preference to commercially available drugs to recover from their illness. The CVD therapy efficacy of 92 plants, including 15 terrestrial plants, is examined. Some medicinal plants well known to treat CVD are, Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate. The active phytochemicals found in these plants are flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. A general flavonoid mechanism of action is to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which promotes vasodilatation. Plant sterols prevent CVD by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the blood. Plant sulphur compound also prevent CVD by activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Quinone decreases the risk of CVD by increasing ATP production in mitochondria while terpenoids by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Although several physiologically active compounds with recognized biological effects have been found in various plants because of the increased prevalence of CVD, appropriate CVD prevention and treatment measures are required. More research is needed to understand the mechanism and specific plants' phytochemicals responsible for treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Limenew Abate Worku
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yilma Hunde Gonfa
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Zebeaman
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Deepti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - D. P. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Government P. G. College, Uttarkashi, India
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand, India
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6
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Juan-Polo A, Sanahuja AB, Prats Moya MS, Monedero Prieto M, Sanchez Reig C, Maestre Pérez SE. Optimization and validation of a simplified methodology for simultaneous extraction of fatty acids and tocopherol homologues in peanuts. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Yang JW, Ji HF. Phytosterols as bioactive food components against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34871105 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2006137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are bioactive food components widely present in cell membranes of plants, especially in nuts and oilseeds. In recent years, many studies have shown that phytosterols possess therapeutic potentials for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review summarizes the effects of phytosterols from in vitro and in vivo studies to lower the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and the evidence supporting the potential of phytosterols against NAFLD. The potential mechanisms by which phytosterols improve NAFLD may include (i) competition with cholesterol; (ii) regulation of key factors involved in cholesterol and TG metabolism; and (iii) inhibition of liver inflammation and (iv) regulation of liver fatty acid composition. In summary, phytosterols are potential natural ingredients with good safety profile against NAFLD, which deserve more future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative diseases, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative diseases, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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8
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Garcia-Llatas G, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. Current methodologies for phytosterol analysis in foods. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Poli A, Marangoni F, Corsini A, Manzato E, Marrocco W, Martini D, Medea G, Visioli F. Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082810. [PMID: 34444970 PMCID: PMC8399210 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of phytosterols (or plant sterols) for the control of plasma cholesterol concentrations has recently gained traction because their efficacy is acknowledged by scientific authorities and leading guidelines. Phytosterols, marketed as supplements or functional foods, are formally classified as food in the European Union, are freely available for purchase, and are frequently used without any health professional advice; therefore, they are often self-prescribed, either inappropriately or in situations in which no significant advantage can be obtained. For this reason, a panel of experts with diverse medical and scientific backgrounds was convened by NFI—Nutrition Foundation of Italy—to critically evaluate and summarize the literature available on the topic, with the goal of providing medical doctors and all health professionals useful information to actively govern the use of phytosterols in the context of plasma cholesterol control. Some practical indications to help professionals identify subjects who will most likely benefit from the use of these products, optimizing the therapeutic outcomes, are also provided. The panel concluded that the use of phytosterols as supplements or functional foods to control Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels should be preceded by the assessment of some relevant individual characteristics: cardiovascular risk, lipid profile, correct understanding of how to use these products, and willingness to pay for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, 20124 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-7600-6271
| | | | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Walter Marrocco
- FIMMG—Italian Federation of General Medicine Doctors and SIMPeSV–Italian Society of Preventive and Lifestyle Medicine, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Medea
- SIMG—Italian Society of General Medicine, 50142 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ouzir M, Bernoussi SE, Tabyaoui M, Taghzouti K. Almond oil: A comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction methods, preservation conditions, potential health benefits, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3344-3387. [PMID: 34056853 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Almond oil, a rich source of macronutrients and micronutrients, is extracted for food flavorings and the cosmetics industry. In recent years, the need for high-quality and high-quantity production of almond oil for human consumption has been increased. The present review examines the chemical composition of almond oil, storage conditions, and clinical evidence supporting the health benefits of almond oil. From the reviewed studies, it appears that almond oil contains a significant proportion of poly and monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid as the main compound, and an important amount of tocopherol and phytosterol content. Some variations in almond oil composition can be found depending on the kernel's origin and the extraction system used. Some new technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical fluid extraction, and salt-assisted aqueous extraction have emerged as the most promising extraction techniques that allow eco-friendly and effective recovery of almond oil. This safe oil was reported by several clinical studies to have potential roles in cardiovascular risk management, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotection, and many dermatologic and cosmetic applications. However, the anticarcinogenic and fertility benefits of almond oil have yet to be experimentally verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ouzir
- Group of Research in Physiology and Physiopathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, ISPITS Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Sara El Bernoussi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Group of Research in Physiology and Physiopathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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11
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Vasquez WV, Hernández DM, del Hierro JN, Martin D, Cano MP, Fornari T. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil and minor lipid compounds of cake byproduct from Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) beverage production. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Mediterranean Pinus pinea L. nuts from Southern Hemisphere provenances. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Han C, Zhou H, Wu W, Chen X, Li H, Li Y, Feng D. Development and Validation of a Method to Simultaneously Determine Multiple Sterols in Diversiform Food Substrates with UPLC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Comprehensive sterol and fatty acid analysis in nineteen nuts, seeds, and kernel. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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15
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Loewe-Muñoz V, Balzarini M, Delard R. C, del Rio M. R, Álvarez C. A. Potential of southern Latin-American coastal areas for stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cropping. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Wang M, Zhang L, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wu L, Lu B. Quantitative determination of free and esterified phytosterol profile in nuts and seeds commonly consumed in China by SPE/GC–MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Dean LL. Targeted and Non-Targeted Analyses of Secondary Metabolites in Nut and Seed Processing. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L. Dean
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit; United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Raleigh P.O. Box 7624 Raleigh, NC 27695-7624 USA
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18
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Martínez-Beamonte R, Sanclemente T, Surra JC, Herrera-Marcos LV, Sanchez-Marco J, Arnal C, Osada J. Current Insights into the Biological Action of Squalene. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800136. [PMID: 29883523 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is a triterpenic compound found in a large number of plants and other sources with a long tradition of research since it was first reported in 1926. Herein a systematic review of studies concerning squalene published in the last 8 years is presented. These studies have provided further support for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, an antineoplastic effect in nutrigenetic-type treatments, which depends on the failing metabolic pathway of tumors, has also been reported. The bioavailability of squalene in cell cultures, animal models, and in humans has been well established, and further progress has been made in regard to the intracellular transport of this lipophilic molecule. Squalene accumulates in the liver and decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, with these actions being exerted via a complex network of changes in gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Its presence in different biological fluids has also been studied. The combination of squalene with other bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance its pleiotropic properties and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to control oxidative stress and, therefore, numerous age-related diseases in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22002, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Teresa Sanclemente
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Javier Sanchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
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19
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Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:35-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Wang M, Huang W, Hu Y, Zhang L, Shao Y, Wang M, Zhang F, Zhao Z, Mei X, Li T, Wang D, Liang Y, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Xu T, Song H, Zhong Y, Lu B. Phytosterol Profiles of Common Foods and Estimated Natural Intake of Different Structures and Forms in China. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2669-2676. [PMID: 29397719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are well-known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, and the structures and forms of phytosterols affect their bioactivity. We aimed to illustrate the phytosterol profiles in common foods and estimate their natural intake in five geographical regions and among different age groups in China. In total, 12 phytosterols in free and esterified forms of 119 foods from five regions across China were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, the dietary intake of phytosterols was calculated combined with the dietary foods intake data of Chinese people. The total phytosterol content was highest in vegetable oils (150.4-1230.9 mg/100 g), followed by legumes (129.6-275.6 mg/100 g), nuts (18.9-255.2 mg/100 g), and cereals (11.9-93.8 mg/100 g). Vegetables and fruits contained lower contents of total phytosterols. Phytosterols were mainly esterified in most common foods except in nuts. The predominant phytosterols were β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, all of which belonged to plant sterols and 4-desmethylsterols. Total phytosterol intake varied across different regions, ranging between 257.7 and 473.7 mg/standard-person (sp)/day, with the highest intake in Beijing, followed by Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Guangzhou. However, phytosterol proportion was similar across regions, with β-sitosterol accounting for 46.5-50.3% of the natural intake. Phytosterol intake was mainly constituted by plant sterols and 4-desmethylsterols in esterified form (61.9-74.6%). At the age of 2-70 years, phytosterol intake ranged from 154.3 mg/day to 348.0 mg/day in the national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology , Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yinzhou Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Yafang Shao
- China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing , Beijing 100097 , China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Xiaohong Mei
- China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Tao Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Jing Li
- The Research Institute of Pomology , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Xingcheng 125100 , China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Applied Technology , Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Liuquan Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Huaxin Song
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Fuli Institute of Food Science , National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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21
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Huang Z, Bi YJ, Sha YF, Xie WY, Wu D, Liu BZ. Separation and Analysis of Sucrose Esters in Tobacco by Online Liquid Chromatography-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:887-891. [PMID: 30101882 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a strategy of in-series combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and online LC-GC/MS was constructed for effective separation and analysis of sucrose esters in tobacco. Sucrose esters were first extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with high efficiency and easyhandling. Online LC-GC/MS was then applied for sucrose ester clean-up and analysis. To better evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy, we limited our focus to five groups of sucrose ester isomers. Each group differed in mass from the next by 14 Da. The obtained coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9986. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.05 and 0.16 μg/ mL, respectively. The recovery was above 90% and the reproducibility was below 4%. This strategy was subsequently applied to the comparison of relative amounts of five groups of sucrose esters extracted from three different parts of aromatic tobacco. The satisfactory performance indicated that this strategy has great prospect for the rapid and high-throughput analysis of sucrose esters in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Yan-Jiu Bi
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Yun-Fei Sha
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Wen-Yan Xie
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Da Wu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Bai-Zhan Liu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
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22
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Klockmann S, Reiner E, Cain N, Fischer M. Food Targeting: Geographical Origin Determination of Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) by LC-QqQ-MS/MS-Based Targeted Metabolomics Application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1456-1465. [PMID: 28068089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A targeted metabolomics LC-ESI-QqQ-MS application for geographical origin discrimination based on 20 nonpolar key metabolites was developed, validated according to accepted guidelines and used for quantitation via stable isotope labeled internal standards in 202 raw authentic hazelnut samples from six countries (Turkey, Italy, Georgia, Spain, France, and Germany) of harvest years 2014 and 2015. Multivariate statistics were used for detection of significant variations in metabolite levels between countries and, moreover, a prediction model using support vector machine classification (SVM) was calculated yielding 100% training accuracy and 97% cross-validation accuracy, which was subsequently applied to 55 hazelnut samples for the confectionary industry gaining up to 80% correct classifications compared to declared origin. The present method demonstrates the great suitability for targeted metabolomics applications in the geographical origin determination of hazelnuts and their applicability in routine analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klockmann
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Reiner
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Cain
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Lutz M, Álvarez K, Loewe V. Chemical composition of pine nut (Pinus pinea L.) grown in three geographical macrozones in Chile. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1250109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Lutz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos Funcionales CIDAF, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Katherine Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos Funcionales CIDAF, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Verónica Loewe
- Instituto Forestal INFOR, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile
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Salvo A, La Torre GL, Di Stefano V, Capocchiano V, Mangano V, Saija E, Pellizzeri V, Casale KE, Dugo G. Fast UPLC/PDA determination of squalene in Sicilian P.D.O. pistachio from Bronte: Optimization of oil extraction method and analytical characterization. Food Chem 2016; 221:1631-1636. [PMID: 27979139 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fast reversed-phase UPLC method was developed for squalene determination in Sicilian pistachio samples that entry in the European register of the products with P.D.O. In the present study the SPE procedure was optimized for the squalene extraction prior to the UPLC/PDA analysis. The precision of the full analytical procedure was satisfactory and the mean recoveries were 92.8±0.3% and 96.6±0.1% for 25 and 50mgL-1 level of addition, respectively. Selected chromatographic conditions allowed a very fast squalene determination; in fact it was well separated in ∼0.54min with good resolution. Squalene was detected in all the pistachio samples analyzed and the levels ranged from 55.45-226.34mgkg-1. Comparing our results with those of other studies it emerges that squalene contents in P.D.O. Sicilian pistachio samples, generally, were higher than those measured for other samples of different geographic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Capocchiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vito Pellizzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Erminia Casale
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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25
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Salvo A, La Torre GL, Rotondo A, Mangano V, Casale KE, Pellizzeri V, Clodoveo ML, Corbo F, Cicero N, Dugo G. Determination of Squalene in Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs) by UPLC/PDA Using a Single-Step SPE Sample Preparation. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang PW, Tian HY, Nie QL, Wang L, Zhou SW, Ye WC, Zhang DM, Jiang RW. Structures and inhibitory activity against breast cancer cells of new bufadienolides from the eggs of toad Bufo bufo gargarizans. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New bufadienolides with inhibitory activity against breast cancer cells were isolated from the eggs of toad Bufo bufo gargarizans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Nie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
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27
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Scholz B, Wocheslander S, Lander V, Engel KH. On-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography: A novel approach for the analysis of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:98-108. [PMID: 25890442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the automated qualitative and quantitative determination of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods via on-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (LC-GC) was established. The approach is based on the LC pre-separation of acetylated phytosterols and their corresponding oxides using silica as stationary phase and a mixture of n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/isopropanol as eluent. Two LC-fractions containing (i) 5,6-epoxy- and 7-hydroxyphytosterols, and (ii) 7-ketophytosterols are transferred on-line to the GC for the analysis of their individual compositions on a medium polar trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane capillary column. Thus, conventionally employed laborious off-line purification and enrichment steps can be avoided. Validation data, including recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility of the method, were elaborated using an enriched margarine as example. The margarine was subjected to a heating procedure in order to exemplarily monitor the formation of phytosterol oxidation products. Quantification was performed using on-line LC-GC-FID, identification of the analytes was based on on-line LC-GC-MS. The developed approach offers a new possibility for the reliable and fast analysis of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Wocheslander
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Vera Lander
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
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28
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Ishida N. A method for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols and phytosterol esters in tobacco leaves using non aqueous reversed phase chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detector. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:99-108. [PMID: 24690307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While numerous analytical methods for phytosterols have been reported, the similar polarity and large molecules of phytosterol esters have made the methods lengthy and complicated. For this reason, an analytical method that could completely separate phytosterol esters including the higher fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in addition to phytosterols without preliminary separation was developed. The separation was accomplished by non-aqueous reversed phase chromatography technique using only acetone and acetonitrile. An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry detector configured at selected ion monitoring mode was hyphenated with the separation system to detect phytosterols and phytosterol esters. Twenty-four types of these were consequently separated and then identified with their authentic components. The calibration curve was drawn in the range of about 5 to 25,000 ng/mL with a regression coefficient over 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification, respectively, ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 ng/mL and from 3.0 to 11.0 ng/mL. Recovery rates ranged from 80 to 120%. The quantification results were subjected to statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, and were used to determine the differences in the amounts of phytosterols and phytosterol esters across tobacco leaves. The newly developed method succeeded in clarifying the whole composition of phytosterols and phytosterol esters in tobacco leaves and in explaining compositional differences across the variety of tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ishida
- Tobacco Science Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8512, Kanagawa, Japan.
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