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Sun B, Tan B, Zhang P, Zhu L, Wei H, Huang T, Li C, Yang W. Iron deficiency anemia: a critical review on iron absorption, supplementation and its influence on gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:1144-1157. [PMID: 38235788 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) caused by micronutrient iron deficiency has attracted global attention due to its adverse health effects. The regulation of iron uptake and metabolism is finely controlled by various transporters and hormones in the body. Dietary iron intake and regulation are essential in maintaining human health and iron requirements. The review aims to investigate literature concerning dietary iron intake and systemic regulation. Besides, recent IDA treatment and dietary iron supplementation are discussed. Considering the importance of the gut microbiome, the interaction between bacteria and micronutrient iron in the gut is also a focus of this review. The iron absorption efficiency varies considerably according to iron type and dietary factors. Iron fortification remains the cost-effective strategy, although challenges exist in developing suitable iron fortificants and food vehicles regarding bioavailability and acceptability. Iron deficiency may alter the microbiome structure and promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, affecting immune balance and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Beibei Tan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Panxue Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huamao Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Stefos GC, Dalaka E, Papoutsi G, Palamidi I, Andreou V, Katsaros G, Bossis I, Politis I, Theodorou G. In vitro evaluation of the effect of yogurt acid whey fractions on iron bioavailability. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:683-694. [PMID: 37709016 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A side effect of the raised consumption of Greek yogurt is the generation of massive amounts of yogurt acid whey (YAW). The dairy industry has tried several methods for handling these quantities, which constitute an environmental problem. Although the protein content of YAW is relatively low, given the huge amounts of produced YAW, the final protein amount in the produced YAW should not be underestimated. Taking into consideration the increased interest for bioactive peptides and the increased demand for dietary proteins, combined with protein and peptides content of YAW, efforts should be made toward reintroducing the latter in the food supply chain. In this context and in view of the prevalent dietary iron deficiency problem, the objective of the present study was the investigation of YAW fractions' effect on Fe bioavailability. With this purpose, an in vitro digest approach, following the INFOGEST protocol, was coupled with the Caco2 cell model. To evaluate whether YAW digest fractions exert positive, negative or neutral effect on Fe bioavailability, they were compared with the ones derived from milk, a well-studied food in this context. Milk and YAW showed the same effectiveness on both Fe bioavailability and the expression of relative genes (DCYTB, DMT1, FPN1, and HEPH). Focusing further on YAW fractions, by comparison with their blank digest control counterparts, it resulted that YAW 3- to 10-kDa digests fraction had a superior effect over the 0- to 3-kDa fraction on Fe-uptake, which was accompanied by a similar effect on the expression of Fe metabolism-related genes (DCYTB, FPN1, and HEPH). Finally, although the 3- to 10-kDa fraction of bovine YAW digests resulted in a nonsignificant increased Fe uptake, compared with the ovine and caprine YAW, the expression of DCYTB and FPN1 genes underlined this difference by showing a similar pattern with statistically significant higher expression of bovine compared with ovine and bovine compared with both ovine and caprine, respectively. The present study deals with the novel concept that YAW may contain factors affecting Fe bioavailability. The results show that it does not exert any negative effect and support the extensive investigation for specific peptides with positive effect as well as that YAW proteins should be further assessed on the prospect that they can be used in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Stefos
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Dalaka
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Papoutsi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Irida Palamidi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology & Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 112 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Andreou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi 14123, Attica, Greece
| | - George Katsaros
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi 14123, Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Politis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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Uncontrolled Thyroid during Pregnancy Alters the Circulative and Exerted Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084248. [PMID: 35457066 PMCID: PMC9029102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal levels of thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for a normal pregnancy outcome, fetal growth and the normal function of the central nervous system. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, is a significant metabolic factor leading to cognitive impairments. It is essential to investigate whether patients with thyroid dysfunction may present an altered circulative and excreted metabolic profile, even after receiving treatment with thyroxine supplements. NMR metabolomics was employed to analyze 90 serum and corresponding colostrum samples. Parallel analyses of the two biological specimens provided a snapshot of the maternal metabolism through the excretive and circulating characteristics of mothers. The metabolomics data were analyzed by performing multivariate statistical, biomarker and pathway analyses. Our results highlight the impact of hypothyroidism on metabolites’ composition during pregnancy and lactation. Thyroid disorder causing metabolite fluctuations may lead to impaired lipid and glucose metabolic pathways as well as aberrant prenatal neurodevelopment, thus posing a background for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome or neurogenerative diseases later in life. This risk applies to not only untreated but also hypothyroid women under replacement therapy since our findings in both biofluids framed a different metabolic phenotype for the latter group, thus emphasizing the need to monitor women adequately after treatment initiation.
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Jyrwa YW, Yaduvanshi PS, Sinha GR, Dwarapudi S, Madhari RS, Boiroju NK, Pullakhandam R, Palika R. Bioavailability of iron from novel hydrogen reduced iron powders: Studies in Caco-2 cells and rat model. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3480-3491. [PMID: 34269416 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of iron from elemental iron powders, including hydrogen reduced iron powder (HRIP), is influenced by particle size and surface area. In the present study, we investigated the solubility, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of iron from novel HRIPs (particle size ≤25 and 38 µm generated at low [LT] and high [HT] temperature), with porous morphology and high surface area, in intestinal Caco-2 cells and in rat models. The acceptability of fortified wheat flour was tested in human volunteers. The iron solubility and ferritin induction in Caco-2 cells were significantly higher from wheat flour fortified with HRIPs compared to electrolytic iron powder (EIP, ≤45 µm size) either in the absence or presence of ascorbic acid. Nevertheless, ferritin induction in Caco-2 cells was significantly higher with FeSO4 compared to HRIP or EIP. The relative biological value of HRIPs was significantly higher (≤38HT) or similar compared to EIP in rats. However, serum ferritin was significantly higher in rats fed HRIPs than EIP. Further, wheat flour fortified with HRIP was found to be acceptable for consumption. These findings demonstrate higher iron bioavailability from novel HRIPs compared to the reference EIP (≤45 µm) and merits further studies on toxicity and efficacy. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The use of elemental iron powders for food fortification to alleviate iron deficiency is limited due to its poor bioavailability. The novel hydrogen-reduced elemental iron powders used in this study had higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability compared to reference EIP (≤45 µm) in in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Further, there were no sensory differences between roti prepared with fortified or unfortified wheat flour. These results suggest that the novel hydrogen reduced elemental iron powders used in the present study are suitable for wheat flour fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srinivas Dwarapudi
- TATA Steel India Ltd Research and Development Division, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Radhika S Madhari
- Jamai-Osmania, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Telangana, India
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Jyrwa YW, Palika R, Boddula S, Boiroju NK, Madhari R, Pullakhandam R, Thingnganing L. Retention, stability, iron bioavailability and sensory evaluation of extruded rice fortified with iron, folic acid and vitamin B 12. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16 Suppl 3:e12932. [PMID: 33347722 PMCID: PMC7752130 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fortification of rice with micronutrients using extrusion technology is considered a sustainable strategy to prevent nutritional deficiencies in general population. The objective of the present study is to assess the retention, stability and iron bioavailability from indigenously developed triple fortified rice (iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 ) during rinsing and different cooking methods. Further, we also assessed the acceptability of fortified rice in adult human volunteers. The retention of iron during rinsing with excess water was ≥90%, whereas folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were reduced by ~25% during rinsing. Watertight cooking of rice (in electric cooker or on flame) had no additional effect on the nutrient levels as compared with rinsed rice, implying their stability during cooking. However, cooking with excess water followed by decanting led to loss of 45% iron and ≥70% folic acid and vitamin B12 . The dialyzable iron and ferritin synthesis in Caco-2 cells was significantly (P < .01) higher from fortified rice compared with unfortified rice. In addition, inclusion of ascorbic acid significantly (P < .01) increased the iron bioavailability from the fortified rice. Triangle tests in adult human subjects revealed that there are no significant sensory differences among fortified and unfortified rice. Further, fortified rice consumption appears to bridge the gaps in dietary iron intake deficits in children and women of reproductive age. These results suggest that the iron-, folic acid- and vitamin B12 -fortified rice has higher retention and stability of fortified nutrients and is acceptable for consumption in adult human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wilda Jyrwa
- Micronutrient Research Group, Biochemistry DivisionNational Institute of NutritionHyderabadIndia
| | - Ravindranadh Palika
- Micronutrient Research Group, Biochemistry DivisionNational Institute of NutritionHyderabadIndia
| | - Swetha Boddula
- Clinical DivisionNational Institute of NutritionHyderabadIndia
| | | | - Radhika Madhari
- Clinical DivisionNational Institute of NutritionHyderabadIndia
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Micronutrient Research Group, Biochemistry DivisionNational Institute of NutritionHyderabadIndia
| | - Longvah Thingnganing
- Food Chemistry DivisionNational Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical ResearchHyderabadIndia
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He L, Yang F, Liang Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhao S, Jin G. Process optimisation of haemoglobin hydrolysis by complex proteases to produce haem‐enriched peptides and its iron uptake property evaluation by Caco‐2 cell model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao He
- College of Food and Biotechnology Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences Wuhan430205China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
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Briana DD, Fotakis C, Kontogeorgou A, Gavrili S, Georgatzi S, Zoumpoulakis P, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Early Human-Milk Metabolome in Cases of Intrauterine Growth-Restricted and Macrosomic Infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:1510-1518. [PMID: 32026505 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal fetal growth is associated with short-term and long-term metabolic dysregulation and susceptibility to obesity-related disorders. Maternal milk, the ideal source of infantile nutrition, protects from metabolic diseases in adulthood. By applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, this study investigated the metabolic profile of early human milk/colostrum (EHM/C) at the extremes of fetal-growth conditions, which could affect its nutritional value. METHODS From 98 mothers delivering 60 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), 19 large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and 19 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) full-term neonates, milk samples collected on the third to fourth day post partum were examined by NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate data analysis elicited information from NMR spectra and probed to metabolic signatures of EHM/C. RESULTS LGA and IUGR EHM/C samples depicted increased content in lactose, citric acid, choline, phosphocholine, and N-acetylglutamine. AGA samples exhibited increased isoleucine and valine. Metabolic pathways involved were valine, leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis models were validated. CONCLUSION This holistic metabolomics study framed an increased content of certain essential nutrients in EHM/C samples following the birth of LGA and IUGR infants prone to short- and long-term metabolic disorders, thus stressing additional benefits of early breastfeeding. Assessing the metabolic profile of EHΜ/C enables evaluation of its nutrition value, adjusted to fetal growth, and introduction of appropriate dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Kontogeorgou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Gavrili
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgatzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Niknezhad SV, Najafpour Darzi G, Kianpour S, Jafarzadeh S, Mohammadi H, Ghasemi Y, Heidari R, Shahbazi MA. Bacteria-assisted biogreen synthesis of radical scavenging exopolysaccharide-iron complexes: an oral nano-sized nutritional supplement with high in vivo compatibility. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5211-5221. [PMID: 31364687 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have recently served as an efficient substrate for the production of biocompatible metal nanoparticles (NPs) given their favorable stabilizing and reducing properties due to the presence of polyanionic functional groups in their structure. In the present work, Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH was used to produce EPS-stabilized biogenic Fe NPs as a complex through a novel biosynthesis reaction. Physicochemical characterization of the EPS-Fe complex was performed, indicating high thermal stability, desirable magnetic properties due to the uniform distribution of the Fe NPs with the average size of ∼10 nm and spherical shape within the EPS matrix. In addition, the in vivo toxicity of the EPS-stabilized Fe NPs was evaluated to investigate their potential for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Biological blood parameters and organ histology studies confirmed very high safety of the biosynthesized composite, making EPS-Fe a suitable candidate with an economical and environment friendly synthesis method for a wide spectrum of potential fields in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kianpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Jafarzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. and Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
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Dube N, Mashurabad PC, Hossain F, Pullakhandam R, Thingnganing L, Bharatraj DK. β-Carotene bioaccessibility from biofortified maize (Zea mays) is related to its density and is negatively influenced by lutein and zeaxanthin. Food Funct 2018; 9:379-388. [PMID: 29215107 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biofortification of maize with provitamin A (pro-VA) carotenoids has been successful, but the bioavailability of carotenoids needs to be explored. In the present study, we investigated the carotenoid content, micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of carotenoids from 10 maize hybrids [normal maize, quality protein maize (QPM), pro-VA carotenoid and double biofortified QPM + pro-VA maize hybrids] using a simulated in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. The pro-VA carotenoid content of biofortified maize hybrids is 2-10 fold higher compared to that of normal maize. Furthermore, the ratio of non-pro-VA carotenoids lutein (LUT) plus zeaxanthin (ZEA) to the sum of pro-VA carotenoids β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), α-carotene (AC) and β-carotene (BC) in biofortified maize was much lower compared to that of normal maize. The consumption of 200 g day-1 of biofortified Pusa-PV-16-3 (BC = 808.4 μg per 100 g; AC = 839.3 μg per 100 g; BCX = 59 μg per 100 g) and Pusa-APQH8 (BC = 345.9 μg per 100 g; AC = 1739 μg per 100 g; BCX = 644.2 μg per 100 g) maize would contribute to 52 and 64% of RDAs for adult Indian men, respectively, after adjusting for cooking losses and conversion factors. The mean efficiency of micellarization of LUT (62.2% ± 5.3), ZEA (65% ± 4.7), and BCX (54% ± 9.5) exceeded that of AC (43% ± 8.9) and BC (49.8% ± 7.8) from all the maize hybrids. Furthermore, the micellarization and uptake in Caco-2 cells during a 4 h incubation period showed high correlation (P < 0.05) with the concentration of carotenoids in the maize digesta and micellar fraction, respectively. However, the LUT + ZEA content in the maize digesta and micellar fraction was inversely (p < 0.05) related to the BC micellarization and intestinal cell uptake, respectively. These results together suggest that the enrichment of pro-VA carotenoids together with decreasing the oxygenated carotenoid metabolites such as LUT and ZEA will further improve the bioavailability of BC from maize hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Dube
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Center, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Mashurabad PC, Palika R, Jyrwa YW, Bhaskarachary K, Pullakhandam R. Dietary fat composition, food matrix and relative polarity modulate the micellarization and intestinal uptake of carotenoids from vegetables and fruits. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:333-341. [PMID: 28242932 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fat increases carotenoid bioavailability by facilitating their transfer to the aqueous micellar fraction during digestion. However, the specific effect of both quantity and type of dietary fat required for optimal carotenoid absorption remained unexplored. In the present study, the effect of amount and type of vegetable oils on carotenoid micellarization from carrot, spinach, drumstick leaves and papaya using in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model have been assessed. Although, dietary fat (0.5-10% w/w) significantly increased the micellarization of carotenoids from all the test foods, the extent of increase was determined by the food matrix (papaya > drumstick = spinach > carrot) and polarity of carotenoids (lutein > β-carotene = α-carotene > lycopene). Among the dietary fats tested the carotenoid micellarization was twofold to threefold higher with dietary fat rich in unsaturated fatty acids (olive oil = soybean oil = sunflower oil) compared to saturated fatty acids (peanut oil = palm oil > coconut oil). Intestinal cell uptake of lutein exceeded that of β-carotene from micellar fraction of spinach leaves digested with various oils. However, cellular uptake of β-carotene is depended on the carotenoid content in micellar fraction rather than the type of fat used. Together these results suggest that food matrix, polarity of carotenoids and type of dietary fat determines the extent of carotenoid micellarization from vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Chandra Mashurabad
- Micronutrient Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Ravindranadh Palika
- Micronutrient Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Yvette Wilda Jyrwa
- Micronutrient Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - K Bhaskarachary
- Food Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Micronutrient Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 India
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Nakanishi T, Hasuike Y, Nanami M, Yahiro M, Kuragano T. Novel iron-containing phosphate binders and anemia treatment in CKD: oral iron intake revisited. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:1588-94. [PMID: 26142396 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that novel phosphate binders containing iron are not only efficacious for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia but also may reduce the need for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and intravenous (IV) iron for anemia management in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Possible healthcare cost savings, which have not been demonstrated in a long-term study, may be an additional advantage of using such multi-pronged treatment strategies for the control of both hyperphosphatemia and iron needs. It is currently assumed that oral iron supplementation is less efficient than the IV route in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The unexpected efficacy of novel iron-containing phosphate binders, such as ferric citrate, in repleting insufficient iron stores and improving the anemia of CKD could change this view. Previous assumptions of self-controlled iron uptake by 'mucosal block' or hepcidin, or else by impaired intestinal iron absorption due to CKD-associated inflammation cannot be reconciled with recent observations of the effects of ferric citrate administration. Citrate in the intestinal lumen may partly contribute to the acceleration of iron absorption. Animal experiments and clinical studies have also shown that oral iron overload can cause excessive iron accumulation despite high hepcidin levels, which are not able to block iron absorption completely. However, like with IV iron agents, no long-term safety data exist with respect to the effects of iron-containing phosphate binders on 'hard' patient outcomes. Future randomized prospective studies in patients with CKD are necessary to establish the safety of oral iron-containing phosphate binders for the control of both hyperphosphatemia and renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakanishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasuike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nanami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mana Yahiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuragano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Palika R, Mashurabad PC, Nair MK, Reddy GB, Pullakhandam R. Characterization of iron-binding phosphopeptide released by gastrointestinal digestion of egg white. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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