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Cautela D, De Sio F, Balestrieri ML, Casale R, Laratta B, Castaldo D, Pastore A, Servillo L, DʼOnofrio N. Amino acids, betaines and related ammonium compounds in Neapolitan limmo, a Mediterranean sweet lime, also known as lemoncetta Locrese. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:981-988. [PMID: 32761816 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The so-called 'Neapolitan limmo' or 'lemoncetta Locrese' is an old and now rare Mediterranean sweet lime, similar to lemon but smaller. It is a fruit distinguished from orange, lemon, mandarin, and lime for its sweeter, watery, and non-acidic taste, with a pH between 5.6 and 5.9. No compositional studies are currently available for this citrus fruit. Here we report, for the first time, the distribution in the limmo juice of free amino acids and their main derivatives such as betaines and related ammonium compounds. RESULTS Seven proteinogenic amino acids (proline, asparagine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamine, alanine, and threonine) and a non-protein amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid) characterize Neapolitan limmo juice. Proline betaine is the predominant betaine. The data were compared with those of other important citrus juices. CONCLUSION The specific 'taste quality' of Neapolitan limmo juice can be attributed to its peculiar composition in amino acids. The species-specific presence of the ammonium compound derivatives of the amino acid proline, with proline betaine as the predominant betaine, characterize the non-acidic varieties of Mediterranean sweet lime. Our study constitutes an important step towards the repopulation of this ancient plant and its exploitation in food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA) - Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sio
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Conserve Alimentari (SSICA) - Fondazione di Ricerca CCIAA di Parma, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna Laratta
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA) - Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdALscarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE), Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia DʼOnofrio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Sommer T, Göen T, Budnik N, Pischetsrieder M. Absorption, Biokinetics, and Metabolism of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist Hordenine ( N, N-Dimethyltyramine) after Beer Consumption in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1998-2006. [PMID: 31984737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hordenine, a natural constituent of germinated barley, is a biased agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor. This pilot study investigated the biokinetics of hordenine and its metabolites in four volunteers consuming beer equal to 0.075 mg hordenine/kg body weight. A new ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method determined maximum plasma concentrations of 12.0-17.3 nM free hordenine after 0-60 min. Hordenine phase-II metabolism was first dominated by sulfation, but later by glucuronidation. The elimination half-lives in plasma were 52.7-66.4 min for free hordenine and about 60/80 min longer for hordenine sulfate and hordenine glucuronide. Urinary excretion peaked 2-3.5 h after consumption and accumulated to 3.78 μmol within 24 h, corresponding to 9.9% of the ingested dose. The observed hordenine levels in plasma seem too low to provoke direct interaction with the dopamine D2 receptor related to food reward, but synergistic or additive effects with alcohol or N-methyltyramine may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Schillerstr. 25/29 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nadja Budnik
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Schillerstr. 25/29 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Facchiano A, Pignone D, Servillo L, Castaldo D, De Masi L. Structure and Ligands Interactions of Citrus Tryptophan Decarboxylase by Molecular Modeling and Docking Simulations. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E117. [PMID: 30917613 PMCID: PMC6468663 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, we in silico annotated protein sequences of Citrus genus plants as putative tryptophan decarboxylase (pTDC). Here, we investigated the structural properties of Citrus pTDCs by using the TDC sequence of Catharanthus roseus as an experimentally annotated reference to carry out comparative modeling and substrate docking analyses. The functional annotation as TDC was verified by combining 3D molecular modeling and docking simulations, evidencing the peculiarities and the structural similarities with C. roseus TDC. Docking with l-tryptophan as a ligand showed specificity of pTDC for this substrate. These combined results confirm our previous in silico annotation of the examined protein sequences of Citrus as TDC and provide support for TDC activity in this plant genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Facchiano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione (ISA), 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Domenico Pignone
- CNR, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse (IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Sommer T, Dlugash G, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pischetsrieder M. Monitoring of the dopamine D2 receptor agonists hordenine and N-methyltyramine during the brewing process and in commercial beer samples. Food Chem 2019; 276:745-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ni J, Guo Y, Chang N, Cheng D, Yan M, Jiang M, Bai G. Effect of N-methyltyramine on the regulation of adrenergic receptors via enzymatic epinephrine synthesis for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1393-1398. [PMID: 30841454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are all important Citrus species used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Although they have been used since ancient times and are still in use today, the mechanistic basis for their regulation of adrenergic receptors (ARs) is still not clear. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to determine the active components and mechanisms of action of CRP, AFI and AF in treating gastrointestinal disorders related to ARs. METHODS First, the phenethylamine alkaloid components of CRP, AFI and AF were identified and compared across 30 samples of three Citrus species by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS in combination with content difference analysis. Second, the effect of the main active alkaloid component on AR-based gastrointestinal disorders was investigated by an in vivo small intestinal propulsive test and an in vitro relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle activity test. The mechanism of AR regulation of the active alkaloid was further studied by evaluating its effect on relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle in the presence of an inhibitor. Lastly, the enzymes, which played an important role in epinephrine synthesis and AR regulation, were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Three phenethylamine AR regulators (N-methyltyramine, synephrine and hordenine) in CRP, AFI and AF were characterized. It was found that N-methyltyramine could relax mouse small intestinal smooth muscle and inhibit small intestinal propulsion. The effect of N-methyltyramine on relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle could be inhibited by a-methyl-l-tyrosine. The enzymes related epinephrine synthesis and AR function were found in the mouse small intestine. The biotransformation process that converts N-methyltyramine to epinephrine was determined. CONCLUSION The treatment of gastrointestinal disorders of CRP, AFI and AF is associated with their alkaloid component N-methyltyramine via the regulation of ARs, and the mechanism is considered to be the biotransformation of N-methyltyramine to epinephrine by serial synthase, which takes place at the nerves cells in small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Ni
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Slagman S, Jonkers WA, Zuilhof H, Franssen MCR. Elucidating the mechanism behind the laccase-mediated modification of poly(ethersulfone). RSC Adv 2018; 8:27101-27110. [PMID: 35540010 PMCID: PMC9083467 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04402c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase-mediated oligomerisation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) derivatives and simultaneous in situ surface modification has proven to be a cost-effective, easily applicable and eco-friendly strategy for preventing biofouling of poly(ethersulfone) (PES) water filtration membranes. Modification of the membrane surface has previously been hypothesised to occur through covalent bonding of enzymatically generated phenolic radicals to the polymeric membrane. The current study shows, however, that in situ formation of soluble phenolic oligomers does not result in covalent membrane modification. We studied in situ laccase-mediated oligomerisation of custom-synthesised positively charged and commercially available negatively charged monomeric phenols, and demonstrated that their mode of binding to PES is not covalent. In addition, soluble, non-soluble and on-resin PES model compounds were synthesised and used in the laccase-mediated oligomerisation of 4-HBA. Covalent bond formation between these model compounds and (oligomeric) 4-HBA could not be observed either. Furthermore, extensive washing of PES membranes modified through laccase-mediated oligomerisation of 4-HBA resulted in substantial discolouration of the membrane surface, showing that the layer of oligomerised phenolics could easily be removed. Altogether, it was concluded that laccase-assisted modification of PES membranes resulted from strong physical adsorption of phenolic oligomers and polymers rather than from covalent bonding of those. The mechanism behind the laccase-mediated functionalisation of poly(ethersulfone) was studied using a multifaceted approach, which revealed that surface modification had occurred through strong physical adsorption, rather than through grafting of phenolic oligomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Slagman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Wendy A. Jonkers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
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A multiple-dimension liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry data strategy for the rapid discovery and identification of unknown compounds from a Chinese herbal formula (Er-xian decoction). J Chromatogr A 2017; 1518:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Experimental Evidence and In Silico Identification of Tryptophan Decarboxylase in Citrus Genus. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020272. [PMID: 28208655 PMCID: PMC6155898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) converts tryptophan into tryptamine, precursor of indolealkylamine alkaloids. The recent finding of tryptamine metabolites in Citrus plants leads to hypothesize the existence of TDC activity in this genus. Here, we report for the first time that, in Citrus x limon seedlings, deuterium labeled tryptophan is decarboxylated into tryptamine, from which successively deuterated N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine is formed. These results give an evidence of the occurrence of the TDC activity and the successive methylation pathway of the tryptamine produced from the tryptophan decarboxylation. In addition, with the aim to identify the genetic basis for the presence of TDC, we carried out a sequence similarity search for TDC in the Citrus genomes using as a probe the TDC sequence reported for the plant Catharanthus roseus. We analyzed the genomes of both Citrus clementina and Citrus sinensis, available in public database, and identified putative protein sequences of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase. Similarly, 42 aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase sequences from 23 plant species were extracted from public databases. Potential sequence signatures for functional TDC were then identified. With this research, we propose for the first time a putative protein sequence for TDC in the genus Citrus.
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Servillo L, Castaldo D, Giovane A, Casale R, D'Onofrio N, Cautela D, Balestrieri ML. Tyramine Pathways in Citrus Plant Defense: Glycoconjugates of Tyramine and Its N-Methylated Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:892-899. [PMID: 28117581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylated forms of tyramine and some of its N-methylated derivatives are here reported for the first time to occur in Citrus genus plants. The compounds tyramine-O-β-d-glucoside, N-methyltyramine-O-β-d-glucoside, and N,N-dimethyltyramine-O-β-d-glucoside were detected in juice and leaves of sweet orange, bitter orange, bergamot, citron, lemon, mandarin, and pomelo. The compounds were identified by mass spectrometric analysis, enzymatic synthesis, and comparison with extracts of Stapelia hirsuta L., a plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family in which N,N-dimethyltyramine-O-β-d-glucoside was identified by others. Interestingly, in Stapelia hirsuta we discovered also tyramine-O-β-d-glucoside, N-methyltyramine-O-β-d-glucoside, and the tyramine metabolite, N,N,N-trimethyltyramine-O-β-glucoside. However, the latter tyramine metabolite, never described before, was not detected in any of the Citrus plants included in this study. The presence of N-methylated tyramine derivatives and their glucosylated forms in Citrus plants, together with octopamine and synephrine, also deriving from tyramine, supports the hypothesis of specific biosynthetic pathways of adrenergic compounds aimed to defend against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria , Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico , Via Molise 2, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria , Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Könczöl Á, Rendes K, Dékány M, Müller J, Riethmüller E, Balogh GT. Blood-brain barrier specific permeability assay reveals N -methylated tyramine derivatives in standardised leaf extracts and herbal products of Ginkgo biloba. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Servillo L, Giovane A, Casale R, D'Onofrio N, Ferrari G, Cautela D, Balestrieri ML, Castaldo D. Serotonin 5-O-β-Glucoside and Its N-Methylated Forms in Citrus Genus Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4220-4227. [PMID: 25893818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus genus is characterized by a specific presence of indole metabolites deriving from the N-methylation of tryptamine and its hydroxylated form, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), which are likely involved in plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we identified for the first time the occurrence in Citrus plants of serotonin 5-O-β-glucoside and all its N-methylated derivatives, that is, N-methylserotonin 5-O-β-glucoside, N,N-dimethylserotonin (bufotenine) 5-O-β-glucoside, and N,N,N-trimethylserotonin (bufotenidine) 5-O-β-glucoside. The identification of the glucosylated compounds was based on mass spectrometric studies, hydrolysis by glucosidase, and in some cases, comparison to authentic compounds. Beside leaves, the distribution of the glucosylated forms and their aglycones in some Citrus species was evaluated in flavedo, albedo, juice, and seeds. The simultaneous presence of serotonin and its N-methylated derivatives, together with the corresponding glucosylated forms, is consistent with the occurrence of a metabolic pathway, specific for Citrus, aimed at potentiating the defensive response to biotic stress through the optimization of the production and use of the most toxic of such metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- †Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- †Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- †Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- †Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- ‡Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdAL scarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- §Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Tommaso Campanella 12, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- †Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- §Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Tommaso Campanella 12, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- #Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE), Via Molise 2, 00187 Roma, Italy
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Bioactive molecules as authenticity markers of Italian Chinotto (Citrus×myrtifolia) fruits and beverages. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 104:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. A Review of the Receptor Binding and Pharmacological Effects of
N
‐methyltyramine. Phytother Res 2014; 29:14-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J. Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Omaha NE 68178 USA
- AdvoCare International Plano TX 75074 USA
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