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Feng S, Li Y, Huang H, Huang H, Duan Y, Yuan Z, Zhu W, Mei Z, Luo L, Yan P. Isoorientin reverses lung cancer drug resistance by promoting ferroptosis via the SIRT6/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175853. [PMID: 37329975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, or DDP, is a highly successful and well-known chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer. Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major clinical concern, yet the mechanisms of this resistance are still unknown. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death distinct from other forms, fueled by a buildup of iron-associated lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gaining insight into the process of ferroptosis could lead to novel treatments for overcoming cancer resistance. In this study, the combination of isoorientin (IO) and DDP treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the viability of drug-resistant cells, a substantial increase in intracellular iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS concentrations, a notable decrease in glutathione concentration, and the occurrence of ferroptosis in cells, as revealed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, there was a decrease in the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) proteins, and an increase in cellular ferroptosis. Isoorientin acts as a mediator to regulate cellular ferroptosis and reverse drug resistance in lung cancer cells by controlling the SIRT6/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. The findings of this study suggest that IO can promote ferroptosis and reverse drug resistance in lung cancer through the SIRT6/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway, thus offering a theoretical basis for its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang China.
| | - Pengke Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Dong L, He J, Luo L, Wang K. Targeting the Interplay of Autophagy and ROS for Cancer Therapy: An Updated Overview on Phytochemicals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010092. [PMID: 36678588 PMCID: PMC9865312 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradation system that recycles cellular components and damaged organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons that are formed by the partial reduction of molecular oxygen. It is widely known that autophagy and ROS can regulate each other to influence the progression of cancer. Recently, due to the wide potent anti-cancer effects with minimal side effects, phytochemicals, especially those that can modulate ROS and autophagy, have attracted great interest of researchers. In this review, we afford an overview of the complex regulatory relationship between autophagy and ROS in cancer, with an emphasis on phytochemicals that regulate ROS and autophagy for cancer therapy. We also discuss the effects of ROS/autophagy inhibitors on the anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals, and the challenges associated with harnessing the regulation potential on ROS and autophagy of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dong
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
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ArulJothi KN, Kumaran K, Senthil S, Nidhu AB, Munaff N, Janitri VB, Kirubakaran R, Singh SK, Gupt G, Dua K, Krishnan A. Implications of reactive oxygen species in lung cancer and exploiting it for therapeutic interventions. Med Oncol 2023; 40:43. [PMID: 36472716 PMCID: PMC9734980 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second (11.4%) most commonly diagnosed cancer and the first (18%) to cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence of lung cancer varies significantly among men, women, and high and low-middle-income countries. Air pollution, inhalable agents, and tobacco smoking are a few of the critical factors that determine lung cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species are known factors of lung carcinogenesis resulting from the xenobiotics and their mechanistic paths are under critical investigation. Reactive oxygen species exhibit dual roles in cells, as a tumorigenic and anti-proliferative factor, depending on spatiotemporal context. During the precancerous state, ROS promotes cancer origination through oxidative stress and base-pair substitution mutations in pro-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. At later stages of tumor progression, they help the cancer cells in invasion, and metastases by activating the NF-kB and MAPK pathways. However, at advanced stages, when ROS exceeds the threshold, it promotes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ROS activates extrinsic apoptosis through death receptors and intrinsic apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, ROS upregulates the expression of beclin-1 which is a critical component to initiate autophagy, another form of programmed cell death. ROS is additionally involved in an intermediatory step in necroptosis, which catalyzes and accelerates this form of cell death. Various therapeutic interventions have been attempted to exploit this cytotoxic potential of ROS to treat different cancers. Growing body of evidence suggests that ROS is also associated with chemoresistance and cancer cell immunity. Considering the multiple roles of ROS, this review highlights the exploitation of ROS for various therapeutic interventions. However, there are still gaps in the literature on the dual roles of ROS and the involvement of ROS in cancer cell immunity and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. ArulJothi
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - K. Kumaran
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - Sowmya Senthil
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - A. B. Nidhu
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - Nashita Munaff
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - V. B. Janitri
- grid.262613.20000 0001 2323 3518Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Rangasamy Kirubakaran
- grid.444708.b0000 0004 1799 6895Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Salem, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- grid.449005.cSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab India ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupt
- grid.448952.60000 0004 1767 7579School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017 India ,grid.412431.10000 0004 0444 045XDepartment of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India ,grid.449906.60000 0004 4659 5193Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Anand Krishnan
- grid.412219.d0000 0001 2284 638XDepartment of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
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Mesmar J, Abdallah R, Hamade K, Baydoun S, Al-Thani N, Shaito A, Maresca M, Badran A, Baydoun E. Ethanolic extract of Origanum syriacum L. leaves exhibits potent anti-breast cancer potential and robust antioxidant properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994025. [PMID: 36299882 PMCID: PMC9589507 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer overall. In women, BC is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) is the most aggressive BC, being resistant to hormonal and targeted therapies. Hypothesis/Purpose: The medicinal plant Origanum syriacum L. is a shrubby plant rich in bioactive compounds and widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. However, its therapeutic potential against BC remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we screened the phytochemical content of an ethanolic extract of O. syriacum (OSEE) and investigated its anticancer effects and possible underlying mechanisms of action against the aggressive and highly metastatic human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods: MTT, trans-well migration, and scratch assays were used to assess cell viability, invasion, or migration, respectively. Antioxidant potential was evaluated in vitro using the DPPH radical-scavenging assay and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed in cells in culture using DHE staining. Aggregation assays were used to determine cell-cell adhesion. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle progression. Protein levels of markers of apoptosis (BCL-2, pro-Caspase3, p53), proliferation (p21, Ki67), cell migration, invasion, or adhesion (FAK, E-cadherin), angiogenesis (iNOS), and cell signaling (STAT3, p38) were determined by immunoblotting. A chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay evaluated in ovo angiogenesis. Results: We demonstrated that OSEE had potent radical scavenging activity in vitro and induced the generation of ROS in MDA-MB-231 cells, especially at higher OSEE concentrations. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of OSEE attenuated cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was associated with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, an increase in the levels of tumor suppressor protein p21, and a decrease of proliferation marker protein Ki67. Additionally, only higher concentrations of OSEE were able to attenuate inhibition of proliferation induced by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating that the anti-proliferative effects of OSEE could be ROS-dependent. OSEE stimulated apoptosis and its effector Caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, in correlation with activation of the STAT3/p53 pathway. Furthermore, the extract reduced the migration and invasive properties of MDA-MB-231 cells through the deactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). OSEE also reduced the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inhibited in ovo angiogenesis. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that OSEE is a rich source of phytochemicals and has robust anti-breast cancer properties that significantly attenuate the malignant phenotype of MD-MB-231 cells, suggesting that O. syriacum may not only act as a rich source of potential TNBC therapeutics but may also provide new avenues for the design of novel TNBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Abdallah
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kamar Hamade
- UMRT INRE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratorie BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Breast Imaging Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Najlaa Al-Thani
- Research and Development Department, Barzan Holdings, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Sciences at College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Abdullah Shaito, ; Marc Maresca, ; Elias Baydoun,
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Abdullah Shaito, ; Marc Maresca, ; Elias Baydoun,
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Abdullah Shaito, ; Marc Maresca, ; Elias Baydoun,
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5
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Wu P, Chen L, Cheng J, Pan Y, Zhu X, Chu W, Zhang J. Effect of starvation and refeeding on reactive oxygen species, autophagy and oxidative stress in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) muscle growth. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:168-178. [PMID: 35538670 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, autophagy regulates the development and growth of muscle fibres and maintains the normal muscle metabolism. Under starvation and refeeding conditions, the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on skeletal muscle autophagy is still unclear, although the excessive accumulation of ROS has been shown to increase autophagy in cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of starvation and diet after starvation on the autophagy of adult Chinese perch muscle, and to determine the level of ROS in the muscle. We performed zero (Normal control), three and seven starvation treatments on adult Chinese perch, and returned to normal feeding for 3 days after starvation for 7 days. In the muscles of the adult Chinese perch muscle after 3 days of starvation, the autophagy marker protein LC3 and the number of autophagosomes remained basically the same as in the normal feeding situation. However, on starvation for 7 days, the mitochondrial autophagy was sensitive and the number of autophagosomes increased, but the antioxidant-related molecules (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione and anti-superoxide anion) decreased and the accumulation of ROS was obvious. In addition, the extended starvation time also increased the level of LC3 protein. However, by refeeding after starvation this nutritional stress resulted in a decrease in ROS levels and a partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. Our data show that in the adult Chinese perch muscle, starvation could reduce the antioxidant activity through the accumulation of ROS, and that the number of autophagosomes continues to increase. Refeeding after starvation could effectively compensate for the level of ROS, and restore the mRNA abundance of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce autophagy and improve feed efficiency. Further research should optimize starvation conditions to reduce autophagy in muscles and maintain normal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
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Zhao P, Qiu H, Wei Q, Li Y, Gao L, Zhao P. Anti-tumor effect of novel amino acid Schiff base nickel (II) complexes on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (CAL-27) in vitro. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Li Z, Mao L, Yu B, Liu H, Zhang Q, Bian Z, Zhang X, Liao W, Sun S. GB7 acetate, a galbulimima alkaloid from Galbulimima belgraveana, possesses anticancer effects in colorectal cancer cells. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:339-349. [PMID: 35582406 PMCID: PMC9091789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GB7 acetate is a galbulimima alkaloid obtained from Galbulimima belgraveana. However, information regarding its structure, biological activities, and related mechanisms is not entirely available. A series of spectroscopic analyses, structural degradation, interconversion, and crystallography were performed to identify the structure of GB7 acetate. The MTT assay was applied to measure cell proliferation on human colorectal cancer HCT 116 cells. The expressions of the related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), acridine orange (AO) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining were used to detect the presence of autophagic vesicles and autolysosomes. A transwell assay was performed to demonstrate metastatic capabilities. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) assays were performed to determine the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis activity of HCT 116 cells. The data showed that GB7 acetate suppressed the proliferation and colony-forming ability of HCT 116 cells. Pretreatment with GB7 acetate significantly induced the formation of autophagic vesicles and autolysosomes. GB7 acetate upregulated the expressions of LC3 and Thr172 phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα), which are key elements of autophagy. In addition, GB7 acetate suppressed the metastatic capabilities of HCT 116 cells. Additionally, the production of matrix metallo-proteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 was reduced, whereas the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) was upregulated. Furthermore, GB7 acetate significantly reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolysis. In conclusion, the structure of the novel Galbulimima alkaloid GB7 acetate was identified. GB7 acetate was shown to have anti-proliferative, pro-autophagic, anti-metastatic, and anti-metabolite capabilities in HCT 116 cells. This study might provide new insights into cancer treatment efficacy and cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lianzhi Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Huahuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhongbo Bian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suxia Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Xie RX, Chen JL, Zhou LQ, Fu XJ, Yuan CM, Hu ZX, Huang LJ, Hao XJ, Gu W. Oreocharioside A-G, new acylated C-glycosylflavones from Oreocharis auricula (Gesneriaceae). Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105158. [PMID: 35176424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Seven new acylated C-glycosylflavones, oreocharioside A-G, together with two known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Oreocharis auricula. Their structures were characterized by the comprehensive analysis of their NMR, IR, UV, CD spectra and HRESIMS data. All the new compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 had significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, with the IC50 values of 0.32-3.20 μg/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited the higher potency among all the new compounds in reducing TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xian-Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Zhan-Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lie-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China.
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9
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Luo T, Jiang S, Zhou B, Song Q, Du J, Liu P, Wang X, Song H, Shao C. Protective Effect of Isoorientin on Oleic Acid-Induced Oxidative Damage and Steatosis in Rat Liver Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818159. [PMID: 35185572 PMCID: PMC8853441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The harm of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to human health is increasing, which calls for urgent prevention and treatment of the disease. Isoorientin is an effective ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of isoorientin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is still unclear. In this study, combined in vivo and in vitro experiments, through pathological observation, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis to explore the role of isoorientin in steatosis and reveal its molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that oleic acid treatment significantly increased the content of ROS and lipid droplets in rat hepatocytes, and promoted the expression of γH2AX, HO-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS. The ROS content in the cells of co-treated with isoorientin and oleic acid was significantly reduced compared to the oleic acid group, and the expression of γH2AX, HO-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were also significantly inhibited. Our data showed that oleic acid induce oxidative damage and steatosis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and activate the PPARγ/NF-κB p65 signal pathway. Moreover, isoorientin can significantly reduce oleic acid -induced oxidative damage and steatosis by regulating the PPARγ/NF-kB p65 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tongwang Luo, ; Houhui Song, ; Chunyan Shao,
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tongwang Luo, ; Houhui Song, ; Chunyan Shao,
| | - Chunyan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Hangzhou, China
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tongwang Luo, ; Houhui Song, ; Chunyan Shao,
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Inhibition of Growth of Colon Tumors and Proliferation of HT-29 Cells by Warburgia ugandensis Extract through Mediating G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Cell Apoptosis, and Intracellular ROS Generation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:8807676. [PMID: 35003521 PMCID: PMC8736697 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8807676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (W. ugandensis), widely distributed in Africa, is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. We intended to evaluate the anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activities of the crude extract from W. ugandensis (WUD) and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. We found that WUD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced intracellular ROS generation. The inhibitory effect of WUD on the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells could be attenuated by NAC (a ROS scavenger) in a dose-dependent manner. WUD induced G0/G1 phase arrest, down-regulated the protein expression of Cyclin D1 via ROS accumulation in HT-29 cells. In search of the molecular mechanism involved in WUD-induced Cyclin D1 down-regulation, it was found that WUD can suppress PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. Next, it was found that WUD also activated apoptosis, poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) cleavage and down-regulated pro-caspase 3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells. Besides, WUD decreased the growth of colon tumors in vivo in the xenograft mouse model. We demonstrated for the first time that ROS and their modulation in the corresponding intracellular signaling could play a significant role in the potential activity of WUD against CRC cells.
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Nandi S, Upadhyay P, Roy A, Dasgupta A, Sen A, Adhikary A, Acharya K. A natural derivative from ethnomedicinal mushroom potentiates apoptosis, autophagy and attenuates cell migration, via fine tuning the Akt signaling in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:52-68. [PMID: 34581487 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although comprehensive exertions have been made in late decades for treating advanced lung cancer with inclusive therapies but efficient anti-lung cancer therapeutics are statically inadequate in the clinics. Hence, compelling novel anti-lung cancer drugs are considerably desired. This backdrop enticed us to unveil anticancer efficacy of astrakurkurol, derivative of wild edible mushroom against lung cancer, whose effects have not yet been described. Mechanistic analysis disclosed that sensitizing effect of astrakurkurol is due to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, increased level of Fas, FADD, decreased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and increased cleaved form of caspase 9, 8, and 3. Apart from the induction of apoptosis, it was demonstrated for the first time that astrakurkurol induced an autophagic response as evidenced by the development of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) with up-regulation of beclin-1, Atg7, and downregulated p62. Apoptosis and autophagy can be sparked by the same stimuli, which was as evident from the astrakurkurol-induced inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. The thorough scanning of the mechanism of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is requisite for prosperous anticancer remedy. Triterpenoid has evidently intensified cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and autophagy on A549 cells. Besides astrakurkurol could also curb migration and regress the size of tumor in ex ovo xenograft model. All these findings put forth astrakurkurol as a convincing novel anti-cancer agent, for scrutinizing the lung cancer therapies and as a robust contender for future in vitro and in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, Salt Lake City, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Adhiraj Dasgupta
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, Salt Lake City, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Stefanowicz-Hajduk J, Król-Kogus B, Sparzak-Stefanowska B, Kimel K, Ochocka JR, Krauze-Baranowska M. Cytotoxic activity of standardized extracts, a fraction, and individual secondary metabolites from fenugreek seeds against SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cell lines. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:424-437. [PMID: 33849376 PMCID: PMC8057092 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1903047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fabaceae) has many therapeutic properties and anticancer potential. OBJECTIVE The cytotoxic activities of standardized extracts and a fraction from fenugreek seeds and their compounds (sapogenins, flavone C-glycosides, alkaloid trigonelline) against human cancer SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cells were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fenugreek seeds were extracted with 70% methanol (A) or water (B). Furthermore, the seeds were purified with petroleum ether and chloroform and next extracted with methanol to obtain fraction (C). The quantitative analysis of saponins and flavonoids in the extracts was done with HPLC methods. The extracts (5-120 µg/mL) and compounds (1-50 µg/mL) were tested on the cells by MTT assay and RTCA system. The effect of a fraction on ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activity in HeLa and SKOV-3 cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The strongest cytotoxic activity on cancer cells showed the fraction C (IC50 was 3.91 ± 0.03 for HeLa, 3.97 ± 0.07 for SKOV-3, and 7.75 ± 0.37 for MOLT-4) with the highest content of steroidal saponins (163.18 ± 11.03 μg/mg) and flavone C-glycosides (820.18 ± 0.05 μg/mg). The fraction significantly increased ROS production (up to four times higher than in keratinocytes as control) and caspases activity in the cells. The examined flavonoids did not exhibit the cytotoxic activity in contrast to yamogenin, tigogenin, and diosgenin. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results complement the data on the cytotoxic activity of Foenugraeci Semen and synergistic effect of flavonoids and saponins complex contained in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Król-Kogus
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kimel
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J. Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- CONTACT Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Gil HS, Lee JH, Farag AK, Hassan AHE, Chung KS, Choi JH, Roh EJ, Lee KT. AKF-D52, a Synthetic Phenoxypyrimidine-Urea Derivative, Triggers Extrinsic/Intrinsic Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225849. [PMID: 34831003 PMCID: PMC8616202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We previously reported the antiproliferative effects of a phenoxypyridine urea derivative. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52) in non-small cell lung cancer cells. We found that (i) AKF-D52 induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways; (ii) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis is caused by the clustering of a death-inducing signaling complex and mitochondrial-dependent signaling; (iii) AKF-D52 induces cytoprotective autophagy, and pre-treatment with an autophagy inhibitor enhances the apoptotic effect of AKF-D52; and (iv) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis and autophagy are attenuated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol. Furthermore, AKF-D52 suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our findings regarding the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of AKF-D52 identify this compound as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer. Abstract Previously, we discovered that 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52), a synthetic phenoxypyrimidine urea derivative, acts as a growth inhibitor of various cancer cell types. In this study, we elucidated the antiproliferative properties of AFK-D52 and underlying mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and an A549 xenograft animal model. AKF-D52 was found to induce both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the mitochondrial component of the AKF-D52-induced apoptosis mechanism involves a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and regulation in B cell lymphoma-2 family protein expression. Moreover, AKF-D52 activates the extrinsic pathway through up-regulated expression of death receptor 3 and Fas and then the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex. AKF-D52 also induced autophagy by increasing acidic vesicular organelle formation and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II levels and reducing p62 levels. Notably, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors enhanced AKF-D52-induced cell death, indicating that the induced autophagy is cytoprotective. AKF-D52 treatment also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in NSCLC cells, whereas the antioxidant α-tocopherol abolished AKF-D52-induced cell death. In a xenograft lung cancer mouse model, AKF-D52 administration attenuated tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that AKF-D52-induced ROS production plays a role in mediating apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun Gil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ahmed K. Farag
- Manufacturing Department, Curachem, Inc., Cheongju-si 28161, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Ahmed H. E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Roh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-9610860; Fax: +82-2-9619580
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Qiu C, Wang H, Zhao L, Pei J. Orientin and vitexin production by a one-pot enzymatic cascade of a glycosyltransferase and sucrose synthase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104926. [PMID: 33930665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Orientin and vitexin, important components of bamboo-leaf extracts, are C-glycosylflavones which exhibit a number of interesting biological properties. In this work, we developed an efficient biocatalytic cascade for orientin and vitexin production consisting of Trollius chinensis C-glycosyltransferase (TcCGT) and Glycine max sucrose synthase (GmSUS). In order to relieve the bottleneck of the biocatalytic cascade, the biocatalytic efficiency, reaction condition compatibilities and the ratio of the enzymes were determined. We found that the specific activity of TcCGT was significantly influenced by enzyme dose and Triton X-100 or Tween 20 (0.2%). Co-culture of BL21-TcCGT-Co and BL21-GmSUS-Co affected the catalytic efficiency of TcCGT and GmSUS, and the maximum orientin production rate reached 47 μM/min at the inoculation ratio of 9:1. The optimal pH and temperature for the biocatalytic cascade were pH 7.5 and 30 °C, respectively. Moreover, the high dose of the enzymes can improve the tolerance of biocatalytic cascade to substrate inhibition in the one-pot reaction. By using a fed-batch strategy, maximal titers of orientin and vitexin reached 7090 mg/L with a corresponding molar conversion of 98.7% and 5050 mg/L with a corresponding molar conversion of 97.3%, respectively, which is the highest titer reported to date. Therefore, the method described herein for efficient production of orientin and vitexin by modulating catalytic efficiencies of enzymes can be widely used for the C-glycosylation of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Qiu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Tian Y, Li Q, Rao S, Wang A, Zhang H, Wang L, Li Y, Chen J. Metabolic profiling and gene expression analysis provides insights into flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1046-1064. [PMID: 33169130 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poplar, a woody perennial model, is a common and widespread tree genus. We cultivated two red leaf poplar varieties from bud mutation of Populus sp. Linn. '2025' (also known as Zhonglin 2025, L2025 for shot): Populus deltoides varieties with bright red leaves (LHY) and completely red leaves (QHY). After measuring total contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolites, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system was used for the relative quantification of widely targeted metabolites in leaves of three poplar varieties. A total of 210 flavonoid metabolites (89 flavones, 40 flavonols, 25 flavanones, 18 anthocyanins, 16 isoflavones, 7 dihydroflavonols, 7 chalcones, 5 proanthocyanidins and 3 other flavonoid metabolites) were identified. Compared with L2025, 48 and 8 flavonoids were more and less abundant, respectively, in LHY, whereas 51 and 9 flavonoids were more and less abundant in QHY, respectively. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the metabolic network, gene expression levels were analyzed by deep sequencing to screen for potential reference genes for the red leaves. Most phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway-involved genes were differentially expressed among the examined varieties. Gene expression analysis also revealed several potential anthocyanin biosynthesis regulators including three MYB genes. The study results provide new insights into poplar flavonoid metabolites and represent the theoretical basis for future studies on leaf coloration in this model tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shupei Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aike Wang
- Yucheng Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
- Shangqiu Zhongxing Seedling Planting Co., Ltd, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Hechen Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Horticultural Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, No.20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinhuan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang F, Xu H, Xia R, Yu P, Li Y, Yu X, Sui D. Pseudo-ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Protective Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:521-532. [PMID: 34109916 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210607100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudo-ginsenoside-Rh2 (pseudo-G-Rh2), a novel derivative of ginsenoside Rh2, is reported to exert a pro-apoptotic effect on various malignancies. However, whether this anti-cancer action of pseudo-G-Rh2 involves autophagy remains to be determined and explored. OBJECTIVES Investigation of pseudo-G-Rh2-induced apoptosis and autophagy and the underlying mechanism. METHODS In the present study, the MTT assay was used for evaluating cell viability and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was performed to assess cell toxicity. Autophagy evaluation was performed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The levels of autophagy-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins were determined using Western blotting. The Annexin V FITC/propidium iodide (PI) assay was used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS The Annexin V FITC/PI assay revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells in HepG2 cells at concentrations 0, 20, 40, and 60 μM was 3.75%±1.37%, 5.70%±1.04%, 12.30%±2.10%, and 34.26%±4.73%, respectively. Pseudo-G-Rh2 was observed to significantly increase the expressions of BAX, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-9, while it decreased the Bcl-2 expression. MDC and TEM analyses revealed that pseudo-G-Rh2 at concentrations 20, 40, and 60 μM significantly facilitated the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes within the HepG2 cells. Moreover, pseudo-G-Rh2 significantly increased the expressions of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ, and Beclin-1 and decreased the expression of p62. The Annexin V FITC/PI assay also revealed that in comparison to the pseudo-G-Rh2 group, the concurrent treatment with pseudo-G-Rh2 and an autophagy inhibitor (CQ or 3-MA) significantly induced distinct apoptosis. In addition, pseudo-G-Rh2 activated AMPK and inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Pseudo-G-Rh2 is similar to the current patents, which enhanced its anti-cancer activity by combining with autophagy inhibitors. CONCLUSION Pseudo-G-Rh2 could induce protective autophagy in HepG2 cells, at least in part, via AMPK and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuangeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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Zhang F, Zhang YY, Ma RH, Thakur K, Han J, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Multi-omics reveals the anticancer mechanism of asparagus saponin-asparanin A on endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:614-632. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi-omics reveals that AA not only induced apoptosis, but also triggered autophagy in Ishikawa cells through ER stress and DNA damage-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
| | - Jinzhi Han
- College of Biological Science and Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety
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19
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Transplanting Rac1-silenced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote neurological function recovery in TBI mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2822-2850. [PMID: 33411679 PMCID: PMC7880331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)-based therapy has emerged as a promising novel therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). However, the therapeutic quantity of viable implanted BMMSCs necessary to initiate efficacy is still undetermined. Increased oxidative stress following TBI, which leads to the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase signaling pathway, has been implicated in accounting for the diminished graft survival and therapeutic effect. To prove this assertion, we silenced the expression of NADPH subunits (p22-phox, p47-phox, and p67-phox) and small GTPase Rac1 in BMMSCs using shRNA. Our results showed that silencing these proteins significantly reduced oxidative stress and cell death/apoptosis, and promoted implanted BMMSCs proliferation after TBI. The most significant result was however seen with Rac1 silencing, which demonstrated decreased expression of apoptotic proteins, enhanced in vitro survival ratio, reduction in TBI lesional volume and significant improvement in neurological function post shRac1-BMMSCs transplantation. Additionally, two RNA-seq hub genes (VEGFA and MMP-2) were identified to play critical roles in shRac1-mediated cell survival. In summary, we propose that knockdown of Rac1 gene could significantly boost cell survival and promote the recovery of neurological functions after BMMSCs transplantation in TBI mice.
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Chu CC, Chen SY, Chyau CC, Wu YC, Chu HL, Duh PD. Anticancer activity and mediation of apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells induced by djulis and its bioactive compounds. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Malarz K, Zych D, Gawecki R, Kuczak M, Musioł R, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. New derivatives of 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine as promising anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113032. [PMID: 33261897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpyridine derivatives are known from their broad application including anticancer properties. In this work we present the newly synthesized 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine group with high antiproliferative activity. We suggest that these compounds influence cellular redox homeostasis. Cancer cells are particularly susceptible to any changes in the redox balance because of their handicapped and inefficient antioxidant cellular systems. The antiproliferative activity of the studied compounds was tested on five different cell lines that represent several types of tumours; glioblastoma, leukemia, breast, pancreatic and colon. Additionally, we also tested their selectivity towards normal cells. We performed molecular biology studies in order to detect the response of a cell to its treatment with the compounds that were tested. We looked at the in-depth changes in the proteins and cellular pathways that lead to cell cycle inhibition (G0/G1 and S), and consequently, death on the apoptosis and autophagy pathways. We proved that the studied compounds targeted DNA as well. Special attention was paid to the targets connected with ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Dawid Zych
- Wroclaw School of Information Technology, Ks. M. Lutra 4, 54-239, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Gawecki
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Michał Kuczak
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
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22
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An MF, Wang MY, Shen C, Sun ZR, Zhao YL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Isoorientin exerts a urate-lowering effect through inhibition of xanthine oxidase and regulation of the TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. J Nat Med 2020; 75:129-141. [PMID: 33188510 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin (ISO), a natural flavonoid compound, has been identified in several plants and its biological activity is determined and the study on lowering uric acid has not been reported. In view of the current status of treatment of hyperuricemia, we evaluated the hypouricemic effects of ISO in vivo and in vitro, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Yeast extract-induced hyperuricemia animal model as well as hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (XOD) co-induced high uric acid L-O2 cell model and enzymatic experiments in vitro were selected. The XOD activity and uric acid (UA) level were inhibited after the treatment of ISO in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were also significantly reduced and liver damage was recovered in pathological histology after the ISO administration in hyperuricemia animal model. The results of mechanism illustrated that protein expressions such as XOD, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cathepsin B (CTSB), NLRP3, and its downstream caspase-1 as well as interleukin-18 (IL-18) were markedly downregulated by ISO intervention in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that ISO exerts a urate-lowering effect through inhibiting XOD activity and regulating TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway, thus representing a promising candidate therapeutic agent for hyperuricemia. Both animal models and in vitro experiments suggested that ISO may effectively lower uric acid produce. The mechanism might be the inhibition of XOD activity and NLRP3 inflammasome of upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
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An allomaltol derivative triggers distinct death pathways in luminal a and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104403. [PMID: 33166845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women that shows a predisposition to metastasize to the distant organs. Kojic acid is a natural fungal metabolite exhibiting various biological activities. Compounds derived from kojic acid have been extensively studied and proved to demonstrate anti-neoplastic features on different cancer types. In the present study, allomaltol-structural analog of kojic acid and its seven derivatives including four novel compounds, have been synthesized, characterized and their possible impact on breast cancer cell viability was investigated. It was discovered that compound 5, bearing 3,4-dichlorobenzyl piperazine moiety, could decrease the viability of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines distinctively. To ascertain the death mechanism, cells were subjected to different tests following the application of IC50 concentration of compound 5. Data obtained from lactate dehydrogenase activity and gene expression assays pointed out that necrosis had taken place predominantly in MDA-MB-231. On the other hand, in MCF-7 cells, the p53 apoptotic pathway was activated by overexpression of the pro-apoptotic TP53 and Bax genes and suppression of the anti-apoptotic Mdm-2 and Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, Bax/Blc-2 ratio was escalated by 3.5 fold in the study group compared to the control. Compound 5 did not provoke drug resistance in MCF-7 cells since the Mdr-1 gene expression, drug efflux, and H2O2 content remained unaltered. As for MDA-MB-231 cells, only a 1.4 fold increase in the Mdr-1 gene expression was detected. These results indicate the advantage of the allomaltol derivative over the chemotherapeutic agents conventionally used for breast cancer treatment that can be highly toxic and mostly lead to drug resistance. Thus, this specific allomaltol derivative offers an alternative therapeutic approach for breast cancer which needs further investigation.
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Samodien S, Kock MD, Joubert E, Swanevelder S, Gelderblom WCA. Differential Cytotoxicity of Rooibos and Green Tea Extracts against Primary Rat Hepatocytes and Human Liver and Colon Cancer Cells - Causal Role of Major Flavonoids. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2050-2064. [PMID: 32930006 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1820054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Differential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of aqueous extracts of green rooibos (Rg; Aspalathus linearis) and green tea (GT; Camellia sinensis) and an aspalathin-enriched extract of green rooibos (GRE), were investigated in primary rat hepatocytes (PH) and human liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. Rooibos flavonoids, aspalathin and luteolin, and the green tea flavanol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were included to assess their contribution relative to their extract concentrations. GRE was the most effective in reducing cell growth parameters which was associated with a high total polyphenol content and high ferric reducing potential. Differential cell responses were noticed with HepG2 cells more sensitive than PH toward the induction of apoptosis by GRE. Luteolin induced apoptosis in PH and HepG2 cells while aspalathin lacked any effect. EGCG induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells while PH were resistant. HT-29 cells were resistant to apoptosis induction by the tea and pure flavonoids. Differences existed in the individual effects of the major rooibos and GT flavonoids against cell growth parameters compared to their equivalent concentrations in the extract mixtures. Diversity of the flavonoid constituents, physicochemical properties and cellular redox status governing cell survival are likely to explain the differential cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedicka Samodien
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Maryna de Kock
- Department of Medical Bioscience Program, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Benvenuto M, Albonici L, Focaccetti C, Ciuffa S, Fazi S, Cifaldi L, Miele MT, De Maio F, Tresoldi I, Manzari V, Modesti A, Masuelli L, Bei R. Polyphenol-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer: Evidence of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6635. [PMID: 32927836 PMCID: PMC7555128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cellular transformation is the altered mechanism of cell death. There are three main types of cell death, characterized by different morphological and biochemical features, namely apoptosis (type I), autophagic cell death (type II) and necrosis (type III). Autophagy, or self-eating, is a tightly regulated process involved in stress responses, and it is a lysosomal degradation process. The role of autophagy in cancer is controversial and has been associated with both the induction and the inhibition of tumor growth. Autophagy can exert tumor suppression through the degradation of oncogenic proteins, suppression of inflammation, chronic tissue damage and ultimately by preventing mutations and genetic instability. On the other hand, tumor cells activate autophagy for survival in cellular stress conditions. Thus, autophagy modulation could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. Several studies have shown that polyphenols, natural compounds found in foods and beverages of plant origin, can efficiently modulate autophagy in several types of cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of polyphenols on autophagy, highlighting the conceptual benefits or drawbacks and subtle cell-specific effects of polyphenols for envisioning future therapies employing polyphenols as chemoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Benvenuto
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Loredana Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ciuffa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Fazi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Tony Miele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fernando De Maio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.D.M.); (I.T.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
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Liu JZ, Hu YL, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Guo YB, Liu YF, Chen X, Yang JL, Chen YY, Mao QS, Xue WJ. BDH2 triggers ROS-induced cell death and autophagy by promoting Nrf2 ubiquitination in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:123. [PMID: 32605589 PMCID: PMC7325376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background 3-Hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2) is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member that plays a key role in the development and pathogenesis of human cancers. However, the role of BDH2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unclear. Our study aimed to ascertain the regulatory mechanisms of BDH2 in GC, which could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies. Methods Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of BDH2 in GC specimens and cell lines. Its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients was analysed. Functional assays, such as CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, transmission electron microscopy, and an in vivo tumour growth assay, were performed to examine the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of GC cells. Related molecular mechanisms were clarified by luciferase reporter, coimmunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assays. Results BDH2 was markedly downregulated in GC tissues and cells, and the low expression of BDH2 was associated with poor survival of GC patients. Functionally, BDH2 overexpression significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BDH2 promoted Keap1 interaction with Nrf2 to increase the ubiquitination level of Nrf2. Ubiquitination/degradation of Nrf2 inhibited the activity of ARE to increase accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of AktSer473 and mTORSer2448. Conclusions Our study indicates that BDH2 is an important tumour suppressor in GC. BDH2 regulates intracellular ROS levels to mediate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signalling, thereby inhibiting the growth of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China.
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Xu WT, Shen GN, Li TZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xue H, Zuo WB, Li YN, Zhang DJ, Jin CH. Isoorientin induces the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of A549 human lung cancer cells via the ROS‑regulated MAPK, STAT3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:550-561. [PMID: 32626938 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoorientin (ISO) is a naturally occurring C‑glycosyl flavone that has various pharmacological properties, such as anti‑bacterial and anti‑inflammatory effects. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms in human lung cancer cells remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of ISO on the induction of apoptosis and relative molecular mechanisms in A549 human lung cancer cells were investigated. The results of Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay (CCK‑8) indicated that ISO exerted significant cytotoxic effects on 3 lung cancer cell lines, but had no obvious side‑effects on normal cells. Moreover, flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that ISO induced mitochondrial‑dependent apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. ISO also increased the expression levels of Bax, cleaved‑caspase‑3 (cle‑cas‑3) and poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP; cle‑PARP), and decreased the expression levels of Bcl‑2 in A549 cells. Furthermore, ISO induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by decreasing the expression levels of cyclin B1 and CDK1/2, and increasing the expression levels of p21 and p27 in A549 cells. As the duration of ISO treatment increased, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in A549 cells also increased. However, pre‑treatment of the cells with the ROS scavenger, N‑acetylcysteine (NAC), inhibited ISO‑induced apoptosis. In addition, ISO increased the expression levels of p‑p38, p‑JNK and IκB‑α; and decreased the expression levels of p‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), p‑signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, p‑nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, NF‑κB and p‑IκB; these effects were induced by mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors and blocked by NAC. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that ISO induces the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells via the ROS‑mediated MAPK/STAT3/NF‑κB signaling pathway, and thus may be a potential drug for use in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Zhu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 024000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Braicu C, Zanoaga O, Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A, Nabavi SM, Berindan-Neagoe I. Natural compounds modulate the crosstalk between apoptosis- and autophagy-regulated signaling pathways: Controlling the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:218-236. [PMID: 32502598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high number of annual cancer-related deaths, and the economic burden that this malignancy affects today's society, the study of compounds isolated from natural sources should be encouraged. Most cancers are the result of a combined effect of lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic and hereditary components. Recent literature reveals an increase in the interest for the study of phytochemicals from traditional medicine, this being a valuable resource for modern medicine to identify novel bioactive agents with potential medicinal applications. Phytochemicals are components of traditional medicine that are showing promising application in modern medicine due to their antitumor activities. Recent studies regarding two major mechanisms underlying cancer development and regulation, apoptosis and autophagy, have shown that the signaling pathways of both these processes are significantly interconnected through various mechanisms of crosstalk. Phytochemicals are able to activate pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanisms. Understanding the molecular mechanism involved in apoptosis-autophagy relationship modulated by phytochemicals plays a key role in development of a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to outline the bioactive properties of the natural phytochemicals with validated antitumor activity, focusing particularly on their role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy crosstalk that triggers the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Furthermore, we have also critically discussed the limitations and challenges of existing research strategies and the prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 42 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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29
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Kiruthiga C, Devi KP, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Polyphenols in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030562. [PMID: 32121322 PMCID: PMC7139730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved biological phenomenon that maintains cellular homeostasis through the clearing of damaged cellular components under cellular stress and offers the cell building blocks for cellular survival. Aberrations in autophagy subsidize to various human pathologies, such as dementia, cardiovascular diseases, leishmaniosis, influenza, hepatic diseases, and cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the fifth common mortal type of liver cancer globally, with an inhomogeneous topographical distribution and highest incidence tripled in men than women. Existing treatment procedures with liver cancer patients result in variable success rates and poor prognosis due to their drug resistance and toxicity. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are targeted during the development of anti-liver cancer drugs is autophagy. Generally, overactivated autophagy may lead to a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD) or autophagic cell death or type II PCD. Emerging evidence suggests that manipulation of autophagy could induce type II PCD in cancer cells, acting as a potential tumor suppressor. Hence, altering autophagic signaling offers new hope for the development of novel drugs for the therapy of resistant cancer cells. Natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and non-flavonoids, execute their anticarcinogenic mechanism through upregulating tumor suppressors and autophagy by modulating canonical (Beclin-1-dependent) and non-canonical (Beclin-1-independent) signaling pathways. Additionally, there is evidence signifying that plant polyphenols target angiogenesis and metastasis in HCC via interference with multiple intracellular signals and decrease the risk against HCC. The current review offers a comprehensive understanding of how natural polyphenolic compounds exhibit their anti-HCC effects through regulation of autophagy, the non-apoptotic mode of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Kiruthiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
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30
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Wu P, Wang A, Cheng J, Chen L, Pan Y, Li H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Chu W, Zhang J. Effects of Starvation on Antioxidant-Related Signaling Molecules, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy in Juvenile Chinese Perch Skeletal Muscle. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:81-93. [PMID: 31965438 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The autophagic lysosomal protein degradation pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which utilizes lysosomes to degrade and to circulate cell components. Autophagy has been observed in many different types of cells, but its role in skeletal muscle protein degradation has not been thoroughly studied, especially in aquatic species. This study assessed the expression of antioxidant-related signaling genes and the effects of starvation on antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, autophagy-related gene, and autophagosome formation in the skeletal muscle of juvenile Chinese perch after short-term starvation. The results indicated that after starvation for 2 days, the expression of antioxidant-related signaling genes, such as Nrf2 and S6K, was upregulated, while Keap1 was downregulated in the muscle of juvenile Chinese perch. The amounts of antioxidant enzymes ROS, MDA, AHRFR, and ASA and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST were increased, and the mRNA levels of GPx, GSTA, GST4A, GSTT1, MnSOD, ZnSOD, and CAT were upregulated. Meanwhile, there was no significant change in the level of LC3-II protein. When starvation was prolonged to 5 days, Nrf2 and S6K1 continued to increase and mTOR and Keap1 significantly decreased; ROS and ASA content continued to be significantly increased, but the MDA and AHRFR content and the SOD, CAT GR, and GPx activities all decreased. The expression of MnSOD, ZnSOD, and GR decreased significantly, and GST4A, GSTT1, and CAT tended to decrease to levels consistent with normal feeding. The expression of all autophagy-related genes except Ulk1 significantly increased, the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was enhanced in muscle, and LC3 protein levels in muscle increased significantly. Our data suggested that the autophagy that occurs in the skeletal muscle tissue of Chinese perch due to dietary deprivation is involved in a series of molecular and physiological responses, including changes in antioxidant signaling molecules, in antioxidant capacity and in autophagy and autophagy-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal pool in Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
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Chen S, Luo T, Yu Q, Dong W, Zhang H, Zou H. Isoorientin plays an important role in alleviating Cadmium-induced DNA damage and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109851. [PMID: 31670181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant that has been reported to cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells, while the flavone isoorientin is a traditional Chinese medicine extract that has proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, in this study we used the rat proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E and primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells as models to investigate the effects of isoorientin against Cadmium-induced cell injury and the mechanism of these effects. Comet assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate cell damage and cell-cycle-related protein expression. Furthermore, real-time cell analysis, cell-counting kit-8, and ELISA were used to investigate the role of isoorientin in Cadmium-induced cell injury. The results revealed that treatment of rat renal tubular epithelial cells with 2.5 μM Cd for 12 h resulted in DNA damage and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while isoorientin attenuated this Cd-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Tongwang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.
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32
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Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu F, Luo J, Zhao Q, Li X, Yang Y. Naringenin Exerts Cardiovascular Protective Effect in a Palmitate‐Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury Model via Autophagy Flux Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900601. [PMID: 31622021 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
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Kim KY, Oh TW, Yang HJ, Kim YW, Ma JY, Park KI. Ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich induces autophagy and apoptosis in mouse colon cancer cells through the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:274. [PMID: 31638961 PMCID: PMC6805551 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent research has suggested that autophagy can provide a better mechanism for inducing cell death than current therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effects of using an ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) to induce apoptosis and autophagy associated with reliable signal pathways in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells. Methods Using ECZ on mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells, cell viability, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, acridine orange staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and western blotting were assayed. Results ECZ exhibited cytotoxicity in CT-26 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ECZ induced apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it was shown that ECZ induced autophagy via the increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, the degradation of p62, and the formation of acidic vesicular organelles. The inhibition of ROS production by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine resulted in reduced ECZ-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine resulted in enhanced ECZ-induced apoptosis via increased ROS generation. Conclusion These findings confirmed that ECZ induced ROS-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Therefore, ECZ may serve as a novel potential chemotherapeutic candidate for colon cancer.
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Zhang G, Liu N, Zhu C, Ma L, Yang J, Du J, Zhang W, Sun T, Niu J, Yu J. Antinociceptive effect of isoorientin against neuropathic pain induced by the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Production of isoorientin and isovitexin from luteolin and apigenin using coupled catalysis of glycosyltransferase and sucrose synthase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:601-615. [PMID: 31399929 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin and isovitexin, kinds of flavone C-glycosides, exhibit a number of biological properties. In this work, The C-glucosyltransferase (Gt6CGT) gene from Gentiana triflora was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The optimal activity of Gt6CGT was at pH 7.5 and 50° C. The enzyme was stable over pH range of 6.5-9.0, and had a 1-h half-life at 50° C. The Vmax for luteolin and apigenin was 21.1 nmol/min/mg and 31.7 nmol/min/mg, while the Km was 0.21 mM and 0.22 mM, respectively. Then, we developed an environmentally safe and efficient method for isoorientin and isovitexin production using the coupled catalysis of Gt6CGT and Glycine max sucrose synthase (GmSUS). By optimizing coupled reaction conditions, the titer of isoorientin and isovitexin reached 3820 mg/L with a corresponding molar conversion of 94.7% and 3772 mg/L with a corresponding molar conversion of 97.1%, respectively. The maximum number of UDP-glucose regeneration cycles (RCmax) reached 28.4 for isoorientin and 29.1 for isovitexin. The coupled catalysis reported herein represents a promising method to meet industrial requirements for large-scale isoorientin and isovitexin production in the future. Graphical Abstract.
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36
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Zhou PL, Li M, Han XW, Bi YH, Zhang WG, Wu ZY, Wu G. Perilipin 5 deficiency promotes atherosclerosis progression through accelerating inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19107-19123. [PMID: 31297870 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels promote the progression of several prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerosis, which is a leading death cause. Perilipin 5 (Plin5), an important perilipin protein, is abundant in tissues with very active lipid catabolism and is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress. Although inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in atherosclerosis development, the underlying mechanisms are complex and not completely understood. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of Plin5 in high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E null (ApoE-/- ) mice. Our results suggested that Plin5 expressions increased in the artery tissues of ApoE-/- mice. ApoE/Plin5 double knockout (ApoE-/- Plin5-/- ) exacerbated severer atherogenesis, accompanied with significantly disturbed plasma metabolic profiles, such as elevated TG, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. ApoE-/- Plin5-/- exhibited a higher number of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, as well as overexpression of cytokines and chemokines linked with an inflammatory response. Consistently, the IκBα/nuclear factor kappa B pathway was strongly activated in ApoE-/- Plin5-/- . Notably, apoptosis was dramatically induced by ApoE-/- Plin5-/- , as evidenced by increased cleavage of Caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-2. In addition, ApoE-/- Plin5-/- contributed to oxidative stress generation in the aortic tissues, which was linked with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. In vitro, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increased Plin5 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Its knockdown enhanced inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation, while promotion of Plin5 markedly reduced all the effects induced by ox-LDL in cells. These studies strongly supported that Plin5 could be a new regulator against atherosclerosis, providing new insights on therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Wei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Hua Bi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Guang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhang YY, Zhang F, Zhang YS, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Liu Y, Kan H, Wei ZJ. Mechanism of Juglone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Ishikawa Human Endometrial Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7378-7389. [PMID: 31184118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of Juglone-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells was investigated. Juglone was purified from the green husk of Carya cathayensis Sarg and identified by HPLC, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. At an IC50 of 20.81 μM, juglone significantly inhibited Ishikawa cell proliferation, as shown by S phase arrest mediated by inactivation of cyclin A protein ( p < 0.05). The ROS levels increased significantly after exposure to juglone, which paralleled increases in the mRNA and protein expression of p21 and decreases in the levels of CDK2, cdc25A, CHK1, and cyclin A. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of Bax, Bad and cyto c was up-regulated, and we later confirmed the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in juglone-induced apoptosis. Our in vitro results stated that juglone can be studied further as an effective natural anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Shuo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Kan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Company, Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , People's Republic of China
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Li HH, Song XX, Liu B, Yang WP. UNBS5162 as a novel naphthalimide holds efficacy in human gastric carcinoma cell behaviors mediated by AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1306-1312. [PMID: 30995142 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1607870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Studies have determined that UNBS5162, recognized as a new naphthalimide, holds inhibitory effects in prostate and breast tumors; however, its functional implication on gastric carcinoma is currently undetermined. Based on this, this study designed to assess the functional role of it on human gastric carcinoma and underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess capabilities of SGC-7901 cell proliferation, invasion/migration, and apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein related to autophagy and protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Results: We found SGC-7901 cells proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly inhibited after treatment of UNBS5162. Moreover, the expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased while the expression of pro-apoptotic protein active caspase 3 and Bax increased concurrently after UNBS5162 stimulation. Further, upregulated LC3 II/I and Beclin-1 and downregulated P62 were induced by UNBS5162 addition. Mechanically, the ratios of phosphorylated-(p-)AKT/AKT, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR, and p-ERK/ERK were hampered by UNBS5162 application. Conclusion: UNBS5162 could restrain gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, which maybe induced by enhancement of apoptosis, autophagy manipulated through AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Li
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Xian-Xu Song
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Bo Liu
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Wen-Ping Yang
- b Department of Medical Records Management , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
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39
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Zheng H, Zhang M, Luo H, Li H. Isoorientin alleviates UVB-induced skin injury by regulating mitochondrial ROS and cellular autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1133-1139. [PMID: 31101341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, resulting in apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress and thereby promoting the risk of skin photoaging and carcinogenesis. The use of photochemoprotectors including natural products with antioxidant properties represents an effective strategy for preventing UVB-induced skin injury. Isoorientin (Iso), as a flavonoid compound, could be extracted from several plant species and possesses multiple biological activities. However, its role in regulating UVB-induced skin damage is little to be reported. In the study, we found that Iso treatment could protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against the effects of UVB irradiation by improving cell viability, suppressing MMP1 and MMP3 expression, inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing autophagy. In addition, Iso reduced UVB-triggered apoptosis, as evidenced by the decreased Caspase-3 activity in vitro. Furthermore, Iso was functioned as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger that markedly hindered c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling activation in UVB-treated HFDs. Importantly, promoting JNK activity restored matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/3 expression in Iso-incubated cells with UVB stimulation. Meanwhile, UVB exposure to the skin of mice and subsequent topical application of Iso delayed the progression of skin damage, resulting in autophagy and blocking the JNK activation and ROS production. In conclusion, these results indicated the photoprotective role of Iso and demonstrated that Iso could also be potentially used as an agent against UVB-stimulated skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Chinese Material Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524005, PR China.
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Heng Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China.
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40
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Pei J, Sun Q, Zhao L, Shi H, Tang F, Cao F. Efficient Biotransformation of Luteolin to Isoorientin through Adjusting Induction Strategy, Controlling Acetic Acid, and Increasing UDP-Glucose Supply in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:331-340. [PMID: 30525550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a C-glycosylated derivative of luteolin and exhibits a number of biological properties. In this study, multiple strategies were adopted to improve isoorientin production from luteolin in Escherichia coli. Isoorientin production was improved substantially by adjusting induction strategies and controlling acetic acid accumulation, with maximum isoorientin production reaching 826 mg/L. Additionally, a novel UDP-glucose synthesis pathway was reconstructed in E. coli through cellobiose phosphorylase-catalyzed phosphorolysis of cellobiose for the production of glucose 1-phosphate, which serves as a precursor in UDP-glucose formation. The results from two mechanisms of UDP-glucose formation in E. coli, cellobiose phosphorolysis and sucrose phosphorolysis, were compared. Increasing the UDP-glucose supply resulted in maximal isoorientin production reaching 1371 mg/L. Finally, isoorientin (1059 mg) was obtained from 1 L of fermentation broth by simple purification steps with a yield of 81.5%. Therefore, this study provides an efficient method for isoorientin production and a novel UDP-glucose synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Qing Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Hao Shi
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huaiyin 223002 , China
| | - Feng Tang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing 100102 , China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
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41
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Liu J, Bao H, Wang H, Luo Q, Zuo J, Liu Z, Qiu S, Sun X, Liu X. Synthesis of xanthone derivatives and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma potency evaluation: induced apoptosis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40781-40791. [PMID: 35540078 PMCID: PMC9076231 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one xanthone derivatives (XDs) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted technique. Their in vitro inhibition potency against the growth of four cancer cell lines was evaluated. XD-1 ∼ [6,9,10-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-3H,7H-pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one] was confirmed as the most active agent against HepG2 cell line growth with IC50 of 18.6 ± 2.31 μM. Apoptosis analysis indicated different contributions of early/late apoptosis and necrosis to cell death for XD-1. XD-1 arrested HepG2 cells on the G0/G1 phase, as indicated by the decreased expressions of cyclin D and CDK2 and the increased expressions of p21. Western blot implied that XD-1 regulated p53/MDM2 to a better healthier state. Moreover, XD-1-induced cell apoptosis was mitochondrion-mediated, as evidenced by caspase activation and involved the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. All the evidence supports that XD-1 is a significant anti-cancer agent for HCC. Twenty-one xanthone derivatives (XDs) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted technique.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University
- Shenzhen 518020
- China
| | - Hui Bao
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Huailing Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University
- Shenzhen 518020
- China
| | - Qiang Luo
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- Medical School
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University
- Shenzhen 518020
- China
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
| | - Shuqi Qiu
- Longgang ENT Hospital
- Shenzhen ENT Institute
- Shenzhen 518172
- China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University
- Shenzhen 518020
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
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42
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Karimian A, Mir SM, Parsian H, Refieyan S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway with DNA damage response and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10248-10272. [PMID: 30592328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is one of the well-characterized and most important signaling pathways activated in response to DNA damage. This review discusses the most recent discoveries on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cancer development, as well as stimulation of some important signaling networks involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon DNA damage, with an exploration of how PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of modulators and effectors underlying DNA damage response, the intricate, protein-based signal transduction network, which decides between cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis, the elimination of irreparably damaged cells to maintain homeostasis. The review continues by looking at the interplay between cell cycle checkpoints, checking the repair of damage inflicted to the DNA before entering DNA replication to facilitate DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We then investigate the challenges the cells overcome to ameliorate damages induced by oxidative activities, for example, the recruitment of many pathways and factors to maintain integrity and hemostasis. Finally, the review provides a discussion of how cells use the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate the balance between these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Mir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sona Refieyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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44
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Zhang Z, Liang Z, Yin L, Li QX, Wu Z. Distribution of Four Bioactive Flavonoids in Maize Tissues of Five Varieties and Correlation with Expression of the Biosynthetic Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10431-10437. [PMID: 30240197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are characteristic in maize and have diverse biological functions. C-Glycosylflavones are neuroprotective against β-amyloid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, which is relevant to Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment. The content of the flavonoids eriodictyol, luteolin, isoorientin, and maysin varied in pollens, silks, tassels, and seeds among five maize varieties. Eriodictyol content was high (51-322 ng/g dw) in pollens, while luteolin content was low (0.2-106 ng/g dw) in all four tissues. The isoorientin content was approximately 3- to 10-fold greater than eriodictyol in pollens and tassels, particularly in the hybrid M1 and sweet corn M5 varieties. Maysin content was high in most silks and tassels. The differential expression of five genes involved in the maysin biosynthesis correlated well with the profiles of the four flavonoids among tissues and varieties. The present study offers valuable data for maize breeding and the use of maize flavonoids as functional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Zhang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center , Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing 100097 , China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Longfei Yin
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center , Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing 100097 , China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Zhongyi Wu
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center , Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing 100097 , China
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45
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Acer palmatum thumb. Ethanol Extract Alleviates Interleukin-6-Induced Barrier Dysfunction and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5718396. [PMID: 30402509 PMCID: PMC6196786 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5718396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is one inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is caused by diverse factors, including the extent and duration of intestinal inflammation. We investigated the effect of Acer palmatum thumb. ethanol extract (KIOM-2015E) on the expression of tight junction proteins and the levels of inflammation in the cell model induced with interleukin-6- (IL-6-) and mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced with acute colitis. KIOM-2015E (100 mg/kg) was orally administered once per day to BALB/C mice with colitis induced by administration of 5% DSS in drinking water. KIOM-2015E did not affect viability in Caco-2 cells. Also, KIOM-2015E repaired the IL-6-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, KIOM-2015E recovered the loss of body weight and the abnormally short colon lengths in the DSS-induced model of acute colitis. Moreover, KIOM-2015E significantly inhibited the decrease of zonula occluden-1 and occludin in colonic tissue relative to the DSS-treated control group. KIOM-2015E also significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the level of serum relative to the control group. Collectively, these data suggest that KIOM-2015E protects colitis principally by improving intestinal barrier function and promoting anti-inflammatory responses. In turn, these effects inhibit macrophage infiltration into the colon and thus may be a candidate treatment for IBD.
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46
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Molecular mechanism and inhibitory targets of dioscin in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Chen M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Hu X, Chen T. Efficient Overcoming of Blood–Brain Barrier by Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles to Treat Glioma. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chen
- The Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325027 China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- The Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325027 China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- The Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325027 China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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48
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Dibenzoxanthenes induce apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells by modeling the PI3K/Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 187:76-88. [PMID: 30099272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of dibenzoxanthene derivatives 4a-4d (4a: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-methoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene, 4b: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-ethoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene, 4c: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-propoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene and 4d: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-butoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene) were synthesized and the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer activities were investigated. These compounds showed excellent anti-tumor activity against A549, Eca-109, HeLa, HepG2 and SGC-7901 cell lines. Compounds 4a-4d could effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of HeLa cells in wound healing and transwell assays. Compounds induced the DNA damage and arrested in cell cycle distribution at G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis induced by compounds was detected using morphological observation of nuclear changes and FITC-Annexin V/PI staining. Additionally, compounds also induced the autophagy of HeLa cells through observing AO staining and upregulated the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 proteins. Furthermore, treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine induced an obvious decrease in apoptotic rate in HeLa cells. This indicated that autophagy further promoted the HeLa cells apoptosis. Compounds 4a-4d enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ and ROS. Then the mitochondrial membrane potential of HeLa cells was depolarized and the cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Activities of the apoptotic factors Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 were measured using western blotting. After HeLa cells were exposed to compounds, the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein were decreased. Compounds exhibit anti-cancer activity via apoptosis and autophagy through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HeLa cells.
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49
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Vanegas KG, Larsen AB, Eichenberger M, Fischer D, Mortensen UH, Naesby M. Indirect and direct routes to C-glycosylated flavones in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:107. [PMID: 29986709 PMCID: PMC6036675 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-glycosylated flavones have recently attracted increased attention due to their possible benefits in human health. These biologically active compounds are part of the human diet, and the C-linkage makes them more resistant to hydrolysis and degradation than O-glycosides. In contrast to O-glycosyltransferases, few C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) have so far been characterized. Two different biosynthetic routes for C-glycosylated flavones have been identified in plants. Depending on the type of C-glycosyltransferase, flavones can be glycosylated either directly or indirectly via C-glycosylation of a 2-hydroxyflavanone intermediate formed by a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H). RESULTS In this study, we reconstructed the pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to produce some relevant CGT substrates, either the flavanones naringenin and eriodictyol or the flavones apigenin and luteolin. We then demonstrated two-step indirect glycosylation using combinations of F2H and CGT, to convert 2-hydroxyflavanone intermediates into the 6C-glucoside flavones isovitexin and isoorientin, and the 8C-glucoside flavones vitexin and orientin. Furthermore, we established direct glycosylation of flavones using the recently identified GtUF6CGT1 from Gentiana triflora. The ratio between 6C and 8C glycosylation depended on the CGT used. The indirect route resulted in mixtures, similar to what has been reported for in vitro experiments. In this case, hydroxylation at the flavonoid 3'-position shifted the ratio towards the 8C-glucosylated orientin. The direct flavone glycosylation by GtUF6CGT1, on the other hand, resulted exclusively in 6C-glucosides. CONCLUSIONS The current study features yeast as a promising host for production of flavone C-glycosides, and it provides a set of tools and strains for identifying and studying CGTs and their mechanisms of C-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Garcia Vanegas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Fischer
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Naesby
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland.
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Wang Y, Cui P, Liu J, Wu H, Ma J. Aclidinium bromide inhibits the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer MKN‑28 cells via the PI3K signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2263-2268. [PMID: 29956761 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect and underling mechanisms of aclidinium bromide, a novel, inhaled long‑acting muscarinic antagonist, on the development of gastric cancer. Human gastric cancer MKN‑28 cells, as a model in vitro, were treated with aclidinium bromide and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation, invasion/migration and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, western blotting was performed to determine the relative expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and the phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Optical density values of MKN‑28 cells were decreased in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner in the aclidinium bromide treated group. Matrigel invasion analysis demonstrated the number of invasive cells were significantly decreased in the aclidinium bromide‑treated group when compared with the control group. Furthermore, aclidinium bromide led to the marked reduction of the number of MKN‑28 cells passing though the microwells of the transwell chamber. The expression levels of the anti‑apoptotic protein B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) decreased, and the expression of pro‑apoptotic proteins active Caspase3 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein increased concurrently following aclidinium bromide stimulation using western blotting. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin were significantly inhibited in MKN‑28 cells treated with aclidinium bromide; and the activity of the downstream proteins such as p70S6K and Cyclin D1 were also significantly decreased. In conclusion, aclidinium bromide could inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, which may be associated with the enhancement of apoptosis induced by the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Operating, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou City TB Prevention and Control of Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou City TB Prevention and Control of Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
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