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Letseka TE, Sepheka NJ, Dubery IA, George MJ. Bioprospecting of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants: Rapid Screening of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Headspace Bubble-in-Drop Single-Drop Microextraction for Gas Chromatography Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2749. [PMID: 36297773 PMCID: PMC9609334 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are vital constituents of oil-bearing plants. However, their screening still demands harvesting of the plant for laboratory analysis. We report herein a simple, rapid and robust headspace bubble-in-drop microextraction screening technique (BID-SPME) requiring only small amounts of plant material. The optimised method uses 0.5 g of the crushed plant leaves sample obtained in a 2 mL capped chromatography vial, heated to 55 °C and sampled with 2 µL heptadecane in a Hamilton gastight syringe equilibrated for 15 min exposed to the headspace volume. The method was applied to three plants, Pinus radiata, Tagetes minuta and Artemisia afra, which are known for their essential oil content. The method was able to extract at least 80% of the oil constituents in such abundance that they could be easily annotated using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) mass spectral libraries. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected included tagetone, terpinen-4-ol, ocimenone, caryophyllene, dihydrotagetone, terpinolene and artemisia ketone, just to mention a few, at different concentrations in different plants. Importantly, these annotated VOCs were also reported in other studies in the same and even different plants, extracted using normal steam distillation and importantly those reported in the literature for different extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabiso E. Letseka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Box 180, Roma 100, Lesotho
| | - Ntjana J. Sepheka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Box 180, Roma 100, Lesotho
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Mosotho J. George
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Box 180, Roma 100, Lesotho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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2
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Xu X, Gujarati PD, Okwor N, Sivey JD, Reber KP, Xu W. Reactivity of chloroacetamides toward sulfide + black carbon: Insights from structural analogues and dynamic NMR spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150064. [PMID: 34525700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroacetamides are commonly used in herbicide formulations, and their occurrence has been reported in soils and groundwater. However, how their chemical structures affect transformation kinetics and pathways in the presence of environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide species and black carbon has not been investigated. In this work, we assessed the impact of increasing Cl substituents on reaction kinetics and pathways of six chloroacetamides. The contribution of individual pathways (reductive dechlorination vs. nucleophilic substitution) to the overall decay of selected chloroacetamides was differentiated using various experimental setups; both the transformation rates and product distributions were characterized. Our results suggest that the number of Cl substituents affected reaction pathways and kinetics: trichloroacetamides predominantly underwent reductive dechlorination whereas mono- and dichloroacetamides transformed via nucleophilic substitution. Furthermore, we synthesized eight dichloroacetamide analogs (Cl2CHC(=O)NRR') with differing R groups and characterized their transformation kinetics. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy was employed to quantify the rotational energy barriers of dichloroacetamides. Our results suggest that adsorption of dichloroacetamides on black carbon constrained R groups from approaching the dichloromethyl carbon and subsequently favored nucleophilic attack. This study provides new insights to better predict the fate of chloroacetamides in subsurface environments by linking their structural characteristics to transformation kinetics and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | | | - Neechi Okwor
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - John D Sivey
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Keith P Reber
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
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3
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Yu X, Zhang X, Xu J, Guo P, Li X, Wang H, Xu Z, Lei H, Shen X. Generation of recombinant antibodies by mammalian expression system for detecting S-metolachlor in environmental waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126305. [PMID: 34118539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current immunoassays for herbicide detection are usually based on polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised in animals. The mammalian expression system allows the procurement of specific and highly sensitive antibodies, avoiding animal immunization. In this study, S-metolachlor-specific IgG vectors bearing either Thosea asigna virus 2A or internal ribosome entry site (S-T2A or S-IRES) and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) vectors were designed and expressed. The recombinant antibodies (RAbs) were characterized by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (icELISA). The results showed that full-length RAbs exhibited significantly better performance than scFv, and both bicistronic vectors expressed antibodies of correct size, while RAb S-T2A elicited a higher yield than RAb S-IRES. Further analyses showed that RAb S-T2A and RAb S-IRES exhibited comparable reactivities and specificities to the parental MAb, with IC50 values of 3.44, 3.89 and 3.37 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, MAb- and RAb-based icELISAs were established for the determination of S-metolachlor in environmental waters. The recoveries were in the range of 73.0-128.1%, and the coefficients of variation were mostly below 10%. This article describes the production of RAbs for S-metolachlor from mammalian cells for the first time and paves the way to develop RAb-based immunoassays for monitoring herbicide residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangzhou Editgene Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pengyan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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4
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An S, Ranaweera R, Luo L. Harnessing bubble behaviors for developing new analytical strategies. Analyst 2021; 145:7782-7795. [PMID: 33107897 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gas bubbles are easily accessible and offer many unique characteristic properties of a gas/liquid two-phase system for developing new analytical methods. In this minireview, we discuss the newly developed analytical strategies that harness the behaviors of bubbles. Recent advancements include the utilization of the gas/liquid interfacial activity of bubbles for detection and preconcentration of surface-active compounds; the employment of the gas phase properties of bubbles for acoustic imaging and detection, microfluidic analysis, electrochemical sensing, and emission spectroscopy; and the application of the mass transport behaviors at the gas/liquid interface in gas sensing, biosensing, and nanofluidics. These studies have demonstrated the versatility of gas bubbles as a platform for developing new analytical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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5
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Delove Tegladza I, Qi T, Chen T, Alorku K, Tang S, Shen W, Kong D, Yuan A, Liu J, Lee HK. Direct immersion single-drop microextraction of semi-volatile organic compounds in environmental samples: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122403. [PMID: 32126428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-drop microextraction (SDME) techniques are efficient approaches to pretreatment of aqueous samples. The main advantage of SDME lies in the miniaturization of the solvent extraction process, minimizing the hazards associated with the use of toxic organic solvents. Thus, SDME techniques are cost-effective, and represent less harm to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles. In practice, two main approaches can be used to perform SDME - direct immersion (DI)-SDME and headspace (HS)-SDME. Even though the DI-SDME has been shown to be quite effective for extraction and enrichment of various organic compounds, applications of DI-SDME are normally more suitable for moderately polar and non-polar semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) using organic solvents which are immiscible with water. In this review, we present a historical overview and current advances in DI-SDME, including the common analytical tools which are usually coupled with DI-SDME. The review also focuses on applications concerning SVOCs in environmental samples. Currents trends in DI-SDME and possible future direction of the procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Delove Tegladza
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tong Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Chullasat K, Huang Z, Bunkoed O, Kanatharana P, Lee HK. Bubble-in-drop microextraction of carbamate pesticides followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Supraja P, Tripathy S, Krishna Vanjari SR, Singh V, Singh SG. Electrospun tin (IV) oxide nanofiber based electrochemical sensor for ultra-sensitive and selective detection of atrazine in water at trace levels. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111441. [PMID: 31229795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, a class 3a carcinogen, is a pesticide of chloro triazine family and is known to severely affect the human endocrine system upon consumption. The toxic effects of atrazine cause damage not only to the humans but also to animals and plants. In lieu of the detrimental effects of atrazine on environment, it is essential to develop a sensor platform capable of its detection in water. Here, we propose ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of atrazine using electrospun SnO2 nanofibers. In this study, the nanofibers have been characterized using Field Emission Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using a label-free transduction, we have detected atrazine in fairly low concentrations, with the limit of detection being 0.9 zM and the sensitivity being 4.11 (μA/μM)/cm2, in a wide dynamic detection range varying from 1 zM to 1 μM. Furthermore, we have reported atrazine detection in trace levels in spiked real time water samples, which is an essential step in ensuring that the sensing platform can be deployed for practical applications. In addition to this, the sensor exhibits excellent selectivity, reasonable stability (when stored at 4 °C), and good interference-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patta Supraja
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| | - Suryasnata Tripathy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| | | | - Vikrant Singh
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, USA.
| | - Shiv Govind Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India.
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8
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Design of a facile and label-free electrochemical aptasensor for detection of atrazine. Talanta 2019; 201:156-164. [PMID: 31122406 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A facile and label-free electrochemical aptasensor for detection of atrazine (ATZ) was designed based on nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (NiHCF NPs) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). Because of ERGO perfect electrochemical conductivity and large surface area, it was first modified on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface by electrochemical reduction. NiHCF NPs were immobilized on ERGO/GCE as a signal probe with well-defined peaks and good stability. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were electrodeposited on NiHCF NPs/ERGO to anchored aptamer and increase the conductivity and stability of the electrode. When ATZ was added, ATZ-aptamer complexes generated with poor conductivity on the sensor surface increased the hindrance of electron transfer, leading to electrochemical signal decrease. The signal change was used to detect ATZ quantitatively. The designed aptasensor exhibited good analytical performance for determining ATZ. A linear curve was obtained in the range of 0.25-250 pM with a low detection limit of 0.1 pM, and it showed perfect selectivity for ATZ in the presence of diverse interferents. Meanwhile, the electrochemical aptasensor was employed to evaluate ATZ content in the samples.
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9
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Havlikova M, Cabala R, Pacakova V, Bursova M, Bosakova Z. Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques - Part 1: Single drop and sorbent-based techniques. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:273-284. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Havlikova
- Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Cabala
- Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Toxicology Department; Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vera Pacakova
- Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Bursova
- Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Toxicology Department; Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
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10
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Present state and applications of single drop microextraction for the determination of harmful organic compounds and pollutants. NOVA BIOTECHNOLOGICA ET CHIMICA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/nbec-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Single drop microextraction (SDME) nowadays earns an increasing attention by scientists due to its simplicity, low cost and the need for only common laboratory equipment. This microextraction technique combines sample cleanup and pre-concentration of analytes in one step. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the amount of organic solvents needed comparing to standard LLE techniques places SDME into the position of environmental friendly extraction techniques. SDME is a straightforward technique in which a micro-drop of solvent is suspended from the tip of a conventional micro-syringe and then it is in a direct contact with a sample solution in which it is immiscible or it could be suspended in the headspace above the sample. The paper overviews developments of the state-of-the-art SDME techniques for the extraction of harmful organic compound and pollutants from environmental, food and biological matrices. Key extraction parameters essential for SDME performance were described and discussed.
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11
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Chen Chao, Qin Z, Jian Z, Xinhui J, Wanyong M, Jianhua Z. The Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics for the Reaction
of OH Radicals with Atmospheric Metolachlor. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418070087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Hollow-Fibre-Supported Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Atrazine and Triclosan in Aqueous Samples. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:1451476. [PMID: 29158736 PMCID: PMC5660808 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1451476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the application of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to hollow-fibre membrane-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and its application for extraction of atrazine and triclosan. Under optimum conditions, namely, 25 μL of a 1 : 4 chlorobenzene : ethyl acetate mixture dispersed in 1 mL of aqueous sample, 10% (m/v) NaCl, a magnetic stirrer speed at 600 rpm, and 10 minutes' extraction time with toluene-filled fibre as the acceptor phase, the method demonstrates sufficient figures of merit. These include linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9975), intravial precision (%RSD ≤ 7.6), enrichment factors (127 and 142), limits of detection (0.0081 and 0.0169 µg/mL), and recovery from river water and sewerage (96–101%). The relatively high detection limits are attributed to the flame ionization detector which is less preferred than a mass spectrometer in trace analyses. This is the first report of a homogenous mixture of the dispersed organic solvent in aqueous solutions and its employment in extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It therefore adds yet another candidate in the pool of miniaturised solvent microextraction techniques.
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Santos LO, dos Anjos JP, Ferreira SL, de Andrade JB. Simultaneous determination of PAHS, nitro-PAHS and quinones in surface and groundwater samples using SDME/GC-MS. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, T-Lab Building #02-01, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Nurliyana binte Nawi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, T-Lab Building #02-01, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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George MJ, Marjanovic L, Williams DBG. Picogram-level quantification of some growth hormones in bovine urine using mixed-solvent bubble-in-drop single drop micro-extraction. Talanta 2015; 144:445-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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George MJ, Marjanovic L, Williams DBG. Solvent-Assisted Headspace Sampling Using Solid Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Phenols in Water. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9559-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosotho J. George
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho
| | - Ljiljana Marjanovic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
| | - D. Bradley G. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield
Rd., Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
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17
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Kokosa JM. Recent trends in using single-drop microextraction and related techniques in green analytical methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Aydin F, Yilmaz E, Soylak M. Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction method for cobalt traces in food samples with optimization Plackett–Burman and central composite experimental design. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microextraction method based on formation of supramolecular solvent (Ss) was developed by using of chemometric optimization method for cobalt determination with microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry (MS-FAAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Aydin
- Yuzuncu Yil University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Basic Sciences
- 65080 Van
- Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Erciyes University
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- 38039 Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- 38039 Kayseri
- Turkey
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