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Rosales-Segovia K, Companys E, Puy J, Galceran J. Release of indium from In 2O 3 nanoparticles in model solutions and synthetic seawater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171784. [PMID: 38508271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in electronic devices, from which indium (as its nanoparticulate form or as other generated chemical species) can be released to natural waters. To assess for the impacts of such releases (e.g. toxic effects), information on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the In2O3 dissolution processes is key. In this work, the evolution with time of the dissolution process was followed with the technique AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) by measuring the free indium concentration ([In3+]). AGNES can determine the free ion concentration in the presence of nanoparticles without a prior separation step, as shown in the case of ZnO nanoparticles, a procedure that is more accurate than the typical sequence of centrifugation+filtration+elemental analysis. Excess of indium oxide NPs were dispersed in 0.1 mol L-1 KNO3 at various pH values ranging from 2 to 8. Additional dispersions with bulk In2O3 at pH 3 or NPs in synthetic seawater at pH 8 were also prepared. The temperature was carefully fixed at 25 °C. The dispersions were continuously stirred and samples were taken from time to time to measure free indium concentration with AGNES. 180-day contact of In2O3 to solutions at pH 2 and 3 was not enough to reach equilibrium. The dissolution of the NPs at pH 3 was faster than that of the bulk (i.e. non nanoparticulate) material. Equilibrium of the NPs with the solution was reached at pH 4 and 5 in KNO3 and at pH 8 in seawater, in shorter times for higher pH values, with free indium concentrations decreasing by a factor of 1000 for each increase in one pH unit. The solubility products of In(OH)3 and In2O3 were compared. Equilibration of NPs with synthetic seawater took <18 days, with an average free [In3+] (up to 196 days) of 1.03 amol L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rosales-Segovia
- Departament of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Encarna Companys
- Departament of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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López-Solís L, Companys E, Puy J, Blindauer CA, Galceran J. Direct determination of free Zn concentration in samples of biological interest. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Tehrani MH, Companys E, Dago A, Puy J, Galceran J. New methodology to measure low free indium (III) concentrations based on the determination of the lability degree of indium complexes. Assessment of In(OH)3 solubility product. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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David CA, Galceran J, Quattrini F, Puy J, Rey-Castro C. Dissolution and Phosphate-Induced Transformation of ZnO Nanoparticles in Synthetic Saliva Probed by AGNES without Previous Solid-Liquid Separation. Comparison with UF-ICP-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3823-3831. [PMID: 30807690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The variation over time of free Zn2+ ion concentration in stirred dispersions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared in synthetic saliva at pH 6.80 and 37 °C was followed in situ (without solid-liquid separation step) with the electroanalytical technique AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping). Under these conditions, ZnO NPs are chemically unstable due to their reaction with phosphates. The initial stage of transformation (around 5-10 h) involves the formation of a metastable solid (presumably ZnHPO4), which later evolves into the more stable hopeite phase. The overall decay rate of ZnO NPs is significantly reduced in comparison with phosphate-free background solutions of the same ionic strength and pH. The effective equilibrium solubilities of ZnO (0.29-0.47 mg·L-1), as well as conditional excess-ligand stability constants and fractional distributions of soluble Zn species, were determined in the absence and presence of organic components. The results were compared with the conventional ultrafiltration and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (UF-ICP-MS) methodology. AGNES proves to be advantageous in terms of speed, reproducibility, and access to speciation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin A David
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Federico Quattrini
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
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Comparison of different speciation techniques to measure Zn availability in hydroponic media. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lao M, Companys E, Weng L, Puy J, Galceran J. Speciation of Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg in wine with the Donnan Membrane Technique. Food Chem 2018; 239:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Galceran J, Lao M, David C, Companys E, Rey-Castro C, Salvador J, Puy J. The impact of electrodic adsorption on Zn, Cd and Pb speciation measurements with AGNES. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chito D, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J. Determination of the complexing capacity of wine for Zn using the absence of gradients and nernstian equilibrium stripping technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1051-1059. [PMID: 23320961 DOI: 10.1021/jf3037038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complexing capacity of synthetic (0.011 M tartrate in 13.5% ethanol) and real wine (Raimat Abadia) in titrations with added total Zn concentrations up to 0.03 M has been determined following the free Zn concentrations with AGNES (absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping) technique. A correction to find the preconcentration factor or gain (Y(1)) really applied at each one of the ionic strengths reached due to Zn additions along the titration has been applied. The standard implementation of AGNES to real wine led to the observation of two anomalous behaviors: (a) an increasingly negative current in the deposition stage (labeled as "HER" effect) and (b) a minimum in the currents of the stripping stage plot (labeled as the "dip" effect). A practical strategy to apply AGNES avoiding the dip effect has been developed to quantify properly free Zn concentrations. The van den Berg-Ružic-Lee linearization method (assuming the existence of just 1:1 complexes) has been adapted to consider the dilution effect and the ionic strength changes. Aggregated stability constants and total ligand concentrations have been calculated from synthetic and wine titration data. The found complexing capacity in the studied wine (c(T,L) = 0.0179 ± 0.0007 M) indicates the contribution of ligands other than tartrate (which is confirmed to be the main one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chito
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida , Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Aguilar D, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, Parat C, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M. Non-purged voltammetry explored with AGNES. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17510-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aguilar D, Parat C, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M. Determination of free metal ion concentrations with AGNES in low ionic strength media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chito D, Weng L, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, van Riemsdijk WH, van Leeuwen HP. Determination of free Zn2+ concentration in synthetic and natural samples with AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) and DMT (Donnan Membrane Technique). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:238-244. [PMID: 22341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The determination of free Zn(2+) ion concentration is a key in the study of environmental systems like river water and soils, due to its impact on bioavailability and toxicity. AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) and DMT (Donnan Membrane Technique) are emerging techniques suited for the determination of free heavy metal concentrations, especially in the case of Zn(2+), given that there is no commercial Ion Selective Electrode. In this work, both techniques have been applied to synthetic samples (containing Zn and NTA) and natural samples (Rhine river water and soils), showing good agreement. pH fluctuations in DMT and N(2)/CO(2) purging system used in AGNES did not affect considerably the measurements done in Rhine river water and soil samples. Results of DMT in situ of Rhine river water are comparable to those of AGNES in the lab. The comparison of this work provides a cross-validation for both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chito
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Grindlay G, Mora J, Gras L, de Loos-Vollebregt MT. Atomic spectrometry methods for wine analysis: A critical evaluation and discussion of recent applications. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 691:18-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parat C, Aguilar D, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M, Companys E, Puy J, Galceran J. Determination of Free Metal Ion Concentrations Using Screen-Printed Electrodes and AGNES with the Charge as Response Function. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chito D, Galceran J, Companys E. The Impact of Intermetallic Compounds CuxZn in the Determination of Free Zn2+ Concentration with AGNES. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rocha LS, Companys E, Galceran J, Carapuça HM, Pinheiro JP. Evaluation of thin mercury film rotating disk electrode to perform absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping (AGNES) measurements. Talanta 2010; 80:1881-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zavarise F, Companys E, Galceran J, Alberti G, Profumo A. Application of the new electroanalytical technique AGNES for the determination of free Zn concentration in river water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:389-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Galceran J, Chito D, Martínez-Micaelo N, Companys E, David C, Puy J. The impact of high Zn° concentrations on the application of AGNES to determine free Zn(II) concentration. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alberti G, Guiso MG, Biesuz R. Usage of Empore™ membrane in alcoholic media for copper(II) distribution studies. Talanta 2009; 79:603-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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