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Marcial-Quino J, Fierro F, Fernández FJ, Montiel-Gonzalez AM, Sierra-Palacios E, Tomasini A. Silencing of Amylomyces rouxii aspartic II protease by siRNA to increase tyrosinase activity. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1415-1425. [PMID: 37993253 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Amylomyces rouxii is a zygomycete that produces extracellular protease and tyrosinase. The tyrosinase activity is negatively regulated by the proteases and, which attempts to purify the tyrosinase (tyr) enzyme that has been hampered by the presence of a protease that co-purified with it. In this work we identified genes encoding aspartic protease II (aspII) and VI of A. rouxii. Using an RNAi strategy based on the generation of a siRNA by transcription from two opposite-orientated promoters, the expression of these two proteases was silenced, showing that this molecular tool is suitable for gene silencing in Amylomyces. The transformant strains showed a significant attenuation of the transcripts (determined by RT-qPCR), with respective inhibition of the protease activity. In the case of aspII, inhibition was in the range of 43-90 % in different transformants, which correlated well with up to a five-fold increase in tyr activity with respect to the wild type and control strains. In contrast, silencing of aspVI caused a 43-65 % decrease in protease activity but had no significant effect on the tyr activity. The results show that aspII has a negative effect on tyr activity, and that the silencing of this protease is important to obtain strains with high levels of tyr activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90120, Mexico
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco José Fernández
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90120, Mexico
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, 09620, Mexico
| | - Araceli Tomasini
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Liu S, Zhou Y, Ma D, Zhang S, Dong Y, Zhang X, Mao J. Environment microorganism and mature daqu powder shaped microbial community formation in mechanically strong-flavor daqu. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Yin L, Luo X, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Yin F, Fu Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of Rhizopus oryzae hyphae displaying filamentous and pellet morphology. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:469. [PMID: 33088665 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial strains of Rhizopus oryzae is known for its strong ability to produce L-( +)-lactic acid, ethanol, and fumaric acid at high yields. To better understand the underlying mechanism behind the physiology of R. oryzae, we conducted the proteome changes between two different morphologies using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. R. oryzae exhibited pellet morphology and filamentous morphology when the initial pH of the culture medium was 3.0 and 5.0, respectively. The concentration of lactic acid reached 63.5 g L-1 in the samples containing the pellet morphology, compared to 41.5 g L-1 produced by filamentous R. oryzae. Proteomic analysis indicated that expression levels of 128 proteins changed significantly. Of these, 17 protein spots were successfully identified by mass spectrometry and were deemed to be mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, genetic information processing, chitin metabolism, protein catabolism, protein folding, and antioxidative pathway. L-lactate dehydrogenase (RO3G_06188), enolase (RO3G_05466) and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (RO3G_02462) were found to be upregulated, while isocitrate dehydrogenase (RO3G_13820) was downregulated in the samples with pellet morphology compared to the filamentous hyphae. These results suggested that more carbon flow was directed towards lactic acid biosynthesis in R. oryzae hyphae with pellet morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yin
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
| | - Xi Luo
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
| | - Fengwei Yin
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
| | - Yongqian Fu
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 China
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Wu H, Rui X, Li W, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Dong M. Whole-grain oats (Avena sativa L.) as a carrier of lactic acid bacteria and a supplement rich in angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides through solid-state fermentation. Food Funct 2018; 9:2270-2281. [PMID: 29560488 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study explored a novel strategy to develop solid-state whole-grain oats as a novel carrier of lactic acid bacteria and a nutraceutical supplement rich in ACE inhibitory peptides. Oats were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum B1-6, Rhizopus oryzae, or a combination of L. plantarum B1-6 and R. oryzae. L. plantarum showed a much better growth performance in oats when it was combined with R. oryzae than when it was cultured alone, as evidenced by an increase in viable cell count to 9.70 log cfu g-1 after 72 h of fermentation. The coinoculated fermented oats (CFO) and the R. oryzae-fermented oats (RFO) were then selected for investigations on protein hydrolysis and on the functional properties of the released bioactive peptides. The results showed that the soluble protein contents changed from 7.05 mg g-1 to 14.43 and 10.21 mg g-1 for CFO and RFO, respectively. However, the degree of hydrolysis and the content of peptides with molecular masses less than 10 000 Da indicated that the CFO proteins can be degraded to a greater degree. As analyzed by electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, the protein and peptide profiles of CFO and RFO demonstrated that the proteins from CFO were more obviously hydrolyzed and more small peptides were obtained. In addition, both CFO and RFO presented higher ACE inhibitory activities than unfermented oats, whereas the protein extracts from CFO exerted a lower IC50 value of 0.42 mg protein per mL compared with the protein extracts from the other samples. This research has broadened our knowledge on the development of whole-grain oat products as a probiotic carrier and on the difference between mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) and fungi SSF in terms of protein degradation and the capacity to release ACE inhibitory peptides. Our approach could be used to obtain probiotic food products and probably to develop oats as a potential therapeutic ingredient targeting hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. and Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin Rui
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. and Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Sciecne and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
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Souza PM, Werneck G, Aliakbarian B, Siqueira F, Ferreira Filho EX, Perego P, Converti A, Magalhães PO, Junior AP. Production, purification and characterization of an aspartic protease from Aspergillus foetidus. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Londoño-Hernández L, Ramírez-Toro C, Ruiz HA, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Aguilar-Gonzalez MA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar CN. Rhizopus oryzae - Ancient microbial resource with importance in modern food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28651077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are microorganisms widely known for their diverse biochemical features. Fungi can efficiently invade a wide variety of substrates under operational conditions producing numerous bioproducts of interest, such as enzymes, organic acids, aromatic compounds and colorants. An additional interesting characteristic of some fungi is their safety classification for different uses, which guarantees that the bioproducts obtained from them do not contain any toxic component deleterious to humans. Rhizopus oryzae is among this group of fungi and is classified as a GRAS filamentous fungus, commonly used for production of some oriental traditional foods. It is mainly recognized as a good producer of lactic acid; however, its potential for other biotechnological processes is under study. This review analyzes and discusses the current scientific and technical contributions which may maximize the potential of R. oryzae as a producer of different compounds of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Londoño-Hernández
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristina Ramírez-Toro
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Food Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Aguilar-Gonzalez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Hang F, Wang Q, Hong Q, Liu P, Wu Z, Liu Z, Zhang H, Chen W. Purification and characterization of a novel milk-clotting metalloproteinase from Paenibacillus spp. BD3526. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:547-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun Q, Wang XP, Yan QJ, Chen W, Jiang ZQ. Purification and Characterization of a Chymosin from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:174-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Purification and characterization of an aspartic protease from the Rhizopus oryzae protease extract, Peptidase R. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Host cell invasion in mucormycosis: role of iron. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:406-11. [PMID: 21807554 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical hallmarks of mucormycosis infections include the unique susceptibility of patients with increased available serum iron, the propensity of the organism to invade blood vessels, and defective phagocytic function. These hallmarks underscore the crucial roles of iron metabolism, phagocyte function, and interactions with endothelial cells lining blood vessels, in the organism's virulence strategy. In an attempt to understand how Mucorales invade the host, we will review the current knowledge about interactions between Mucorales and the host while evading phagocyte-mediated killing. Additionally, since iron is an important determinant of the disease, we will focus on the role of iron on these interactions. Ultimately, a superior understanding of the pathogenesis of mucormycosis will enable development of novel therapies for this disease.
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12
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Site-Saturation Mutagenesis of Leucine 134 of Bacillus licheniformis Nucleotide Exchange Factor GrpE Reveals the Importance of this Residue to the Co-chaperone Activity. Protein J 2010; 29:365-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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