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Li P, Sheng L, Ye Y, Wang JS, Geng S, Ning D, Sun X. Allergenicity of alternative proteins: research hotspots, new findings, evaluation strategies, regulatory status, and future trends: a bibliometric analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38189352 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
As the world population rises, the demand for protein increases, leading to a widening gap in protein supply. There is an unprecedented interest in the development of alternative proteins, but their allergenicity has raised consumer concerns. This review aims to highlight and correlate the current research status of allergenicity studies on alternative proteins based on previously published studies. Current research keywords, hotspots and trends in alternative protein sensitization were analyzed using a mixed-method approach that combined bibliometric analysis and literature review. According to the bibliometric analysis, current research is primarily focused on food science, agriculture, and immunology. There are significant variations in the type and amount of allergens found in alternative proteins. A significant amount of research has been focused on studying plant-based proteins and the cross-reactivity of insect proteins. The allergenicity of alternative proteins has not been studied extensively or in depth. The allergenicity of other alternative proteins and the underlying mechanisms warrant further study. In addition, the lack of a standardized allergy assessment strategy calls for additional efforts by international organizations and collaborations among different countries. This review provides new research and regulatory perspectives for the safe utilization of alternative proteins in human food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuxiang Geng
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Deli Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, P.R. China
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Deng Z, Duarte ME, Kim SY, Hwang Y, Kim SW. Comparative effects of soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:89. [PMID: 37393326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein supplements, with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors, are produced from soybean meal by different processes. This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status, intestinal oxidative stress, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth performance of nursery pigs. METHODS Sixty nursery pigs (6.6 ± 0.5 kg BW) were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks. Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases (P1, P2, and P3). Treatments were: Control (CON), basal diet with fish meal 4%, 2%, and 1%, poultry meal 10%, 8%, and 4%, and blood plasma 4%, 2%, and 1% for P1, P2, and P3, respectively; basal diet with soy protein concentrate (SPC), enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESB), fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus (FSBL), and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus (FSBB), replacing 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. RESULTS The SPC did not affect the BW, ADG, and G:F, whereas it tended to reduce (P = 0.094) the ADFI and tended to increase (P = 0.091) crypt cell proliferation. The ESM did not affect BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F, whereas tended to decrease (P = 0.098) protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa. The FSBL decreased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG, increased (P < 0.05) TNF-α, and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA (P = 0.065) and IgG (P = 0.089) in jejunal mucosa. The FSBB tended to increase (P = 0.073) TNF-α, increased (P < 0.05) Clostridium and decreased (P < 0.05) Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33% until 7 kg body weight, up to 67% from 7 to 11 kg body weight, and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs. Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus, however, increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Deng
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Qin G, Pan L, Sun H, Bao N, Hasham MM, Farouk MH. Physicochemical properties of dietary protein as predictors for digestibility or releasing percentage of amino acids in monogastrics under in-vitro conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2048975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mostafa Mohamed Hasham
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Taliercio E, Loveless T. Identification of epitopes in the α and β subunits of soybean β-conglycinin immunogenic in chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1911960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S. MHC II-PI 3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates Intestinal Immune Response Induced by Soy Glycinin in Hybrid Grouper: Protective Effects of Sodium Butyrate. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615980. [PMID: 33537033 PMCID: PMC7849651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy glycinin (11S) is involved in immune regulation. As an additive, sodium butyrate (SB) can relieve inflammation caused by 11S. To further delve into the mechanisms. A diet containing 50% fishmeal was the control group (FM group), and the experimental groups consisted of the FM group baseline plus 2% glycinin (GL group), 8% glycinin (GH group), and 8% glycinin + 0.13% sodium butyrate (GH-SB group). The specific growth ratio (SGR), feed utilization, and density of distal intestinal (DI) type II mucous cells were increased in the GL group. In the serum, IFN-γ was significantly upregulated in the GL group, and IgG and IL-1β were upregulated in the GH group. IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the GH-SB group were significantly downregulated compared to those in the GH group. The mRNA levels of mTOR C1, mTOR C2, and Deptor were upregulated in the GL, GH, and GH-SB groups in the DI compared with those in the FM group, while the mRNA levels of mTOR C1 and Deptor in the GH group were higher than those in the GL and GH-SB groups. 4E-BP1, RICTOR, PRR5, MHC II, and CD4 were upregulated in the GH group. TSC1, mLST8, and NFY mRNA levels in the GL and GH-SB groups were upregulated compared with those in the FM and GH groups. Western blotting showed P-PI3KSer294/T-PI3K, P-AktSer473/T-Akt, and P-mTORSer2448/T-mTOR were upregulated in the GH group. Collectively, our results demonstrate that low-dose 11S could improve serum immune by secreting IFN-γ. The overexpression of IgG and IL-1β is the reason that high-dose 11S reduces serum immune function, and supplementing SB can suppress this overexpression. Low-dose 11S can block the relationship between PI3K and mTOR C2. It can also inhibit the expression of 4E-BP1 through mTOR C1. High-dose 11S upregulates 4E-BP2 through mTOR C1, aggravating intestinal inflammation. SB could relieve inflammation by blocking PI3K/mTOR C2 and inhibiting 4E-BP2. Generally speaking, the hybrid grouper obtained different serum and DI immune responses under different doses of 11S, and these responses were ultimately manifested in growth performance. SB can effectively enhance serum immunity and relieve intestinal inflammation caused by high dose 11S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Zhao Y, Naren G, Qiang J, Qin G, Bao N, Farouk MH. Identification of Allergic Epitopes of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Different Animal Species. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:599546. [PMID: 33490132 PMCID: PMC7820328 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.599546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean can cause allergy in both humans and animals. The herein study aims to identify the antigenic determinants (epitopes) of β-conglycinin that lead to allergy in different animal species (swine, bovine, and rats). The epitopes of β-conglycinin were identified through co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The binding abilities of seven identified epitope peptides to allergic sera of three animal species were compared by ELISA and dot-blot techniques. Some epitope peptides could be recognized by the three animal allergic sera, while most epitopes showed some differences in binding abilities to the different animal sera. The strongest reaction using swine sera was detected with peptides α2, β2, and β3, but the biggest sensitive regions for bovine and rats were peptides α2, β1, and β4. Most epitopes of β-conglycinin exhibited different binding abilities to the three animal sera, in which the biggest sensitive regions were peptides α2, β2, and β3 for swine, but peptides α2, β1, and β4 were detected for bovine and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaowa Naren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Qiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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He Y, Wang G, Li C, Wang Y, Zhang Q. The protective effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil on post-resuscitation cardiac dysfunction of cardiac arrest: by regulating the miR-155-5p and miR-145-5p. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:2. [PMID: 33407761 PMCID: PMC7787123 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-020-00819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiRNA-155 and miRNA-145 have been demonstrated to function as a key regulator in the development of the cardiovascular system. Recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated the cardioprotective role of sildenafil during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate if administration of sildenafil will attenuate post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by regulating miRNA-155 and miR-145 expressions. Methods Thirty-two male pigs (weighing 30 ± 2 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups, sildenafil group (n = 8), sildenafil +NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg/kg L) group (n = 8), saline (SA group, n = 8); and sham operation group (sham group, n = 8). Eight minutes of untreated VF was followed by defibrillation in anesthetized, closed-chest pigs. Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0 min, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the hearts were removed and analyzed under electron microscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ultra structural analysis were performed to evaluate myocardial injury. Results Compared with the sildenafil + L-NAME and saline groups, the sildenafil group had better outcomes in terms of hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism parameters as well as 24-h survival rate, and attenuated myocardial injury; In this study, CA pigs showed evidently increased levels of miR-155-5p and miR-145-5p, while the sildenafil treatment decreased the levels of miR-155-5p and miR-145-5p in CA pigs. In addition, the levels of eNOS was decreased in CA pigs, validating sildenafil attenuating post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by regulating miRNA-155 and miR-145 expressions. Conclusions Sildenafil group had better outcomes in terms of hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism parameters as well as 24-h survival rate, inhibited the increases in the miR-155-5p and miR-145-5p levels and attenuated myocardial injury in a porcine model of CA and resuscitation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13049-020-00819-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Dietary fermented soybean meal inclusion improves growth performance and ileal barrier function of the weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Han F, Xu C, Qi C, Lin Z, Li E, Wang C, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L. Sodium butyrate can improve intestinal integrity and immunity in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed glycinin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:400-411. [PMID: 32371256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota and is susceptible to chronic oxidative stress. This study investigates the mitigative effects of sodium butyrate (SBT) on growth inhibition and intestinal damage induced by glycinin in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). All four experimental diets containing 80 g/kg glycinin were formulated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg SBT respectively. There was no glycinin or SBT in the control diet. Juvenile crabs (0.33 ± 0.01g) were respectively fed with these five diets for eight weeks. The diets with 10 and 20 g/kg SBT significantly improved the survival and weight gain of the crabs compared with those in the 0 g/kg SBT group, and showed no difference with the control group. The crabs fed diets containing glycinin without SBT had lower glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities but higher malondialdehyde in the intestine than those in the control group. Moreover, dietary glycinin decreased the lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities and improved the level of histamine in the intestine compared with the control group, while the supplementation of SBT counteracted these negative effects. The addition of SBT could also restore the impaired immunity and morphological structure of the intestine. Dietary SBT could increase the mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides genes (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 and 2) and decrease the content of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α. The SBT could restore the intestinal microbial community disorganized by glycinin. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas, Vibrio and Pseudomonas) decreased significantly and the potential probiotic bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Chitinibacter and Dysgonomonas) increased significantly in the 10 g/kg SBT group. This study suggests that sodium butyrate supplementation can mitigate the negative effects induced by glycinin such as growth inhibition, intestinal inflammation and reduction of beneficial flora in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglu Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhideng Lin
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Ramsay TG, Kahl S, Long JA, Summers KL. Peripheral histamine and neonatal growth performance in swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106370. [PMID: 31585314 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of plasma and/or serum markers at birth that will predict animal performance may be useful for identifying animals susceptible to poor growth. Metabolomic analysis of plasma from newborn swine was used to identified potential metabolite differences between 8 pairs of littermates with similar birth weights but whose ADG differed by >50 g/d so that, at weaning (21 d), littermates differed in BW by 1.62 kg (P < 0.01). Plasma analysis failed to identify metabolic pathways impacted by growth, most likely because of the small sample population. Interestingly, despite comparative analysis of 576 metabolites between these slow-growing and normal-growing littermates, the relative abundance of only 36 metabolites differed between the pairs. Most of these metabolites could be eliminated as potential markers because of the difficulty with the extraction and rapid measurement of their plasma/serum concentrations. Histamine differed from most of these potential metabolite markers in that commercial sandwich ELISAs are readily available. Using an ELISA, we verified the metabolomic data, demonstrating that plasma histamine concentrations were 150% higher in slow-growing than normal growing littermates of similar birth weight (P < 0.05). Subsequently, a separate data set was obtained using swine from a different geographical location and genetic background and also showed that elevated histamine (ng/mL) at birth is associated with increased preweaning growth rate (P = 0.009, r = 0.306, n = 9 litters). Together, the data indicate that perinatal histamine concentrations may serve as a tool to identify potentially slower growing pigs and as a serum biomarker for predicting litter growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Ramsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - S Kahl
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - J A Long
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - K L Summers
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Xi J, He M, Pi J. Identification of antigenic sites destructed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) of the β subunit of β-conglycinin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1287-1292. [PMID: 31499107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
β-conglycinin is one of the most allergenic proteins, and its constituent subunits α', α, and β are all potential allergens to humans. In the present study, we concentrated on the destructed antigenic sites of β subunit of β-conglycinin after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment. In this paper, the overlapping gene fragments of the β subunit of β-conglycinin were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into T7 phage vectors. After being packaged in vitro, the recombinant T7 phage was constructed, and the overlapping fragments of the β subunit were displayed on the phage surface. The recombinant phages that expressed the overlapping fragments of the β subunit were used to react with specific antiserum by indirect ELISA to identify the HHP destructed antigenic sites. After three rounds of expression and identification, we used synthetic peptide technology to identify that the obtained fragment was a conformational epitope. We further confirmed that HHP treatment changed the conformational structure of β-conglycinin, which reduced the antigenicity of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xi
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Grain & Oil Food, State Administration of Grain, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - MengXue He
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Grain & Oil Food, State Administration of Grain, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - JiangYi Pi
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Grain & Oil Food, State Administration of Grain, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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12
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Duan XD, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Tan BP, Yang QH, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Soybean β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): varying among different intestinal segments. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:105-116. [PMID: 31610288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of dietary soybean β-conglycinin in immune function and oxidative damage among different intestinal segments of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). 240 fish (13.77 ± 0.10 g) were fed control or 8% β-conglycinin diet for 7 weeks. Dietary β-conglycinin caused inconsistent suppression effects on the innate immune by decreasing complement component, lysozyme, antimicrobial peptide and acid phosphatase among different intestinal segments. Meanwhile, dietary β-conglycinin caused inflammation in the mid and distal intestine by raising pro-inflammatory cytokines and declining anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels, while more serious in the distal intestine than in the mid intestine. Furthermore, dietary β-conglycinin regulating inflammatory cytokines might be associated with transcription factors nuclear factor-κB P65 (NF-κB P65) nucleus translocation and target of rapamycin (TOR) phosphorylation in the distal intestine but only related to TOR phosphorylation in the mid intestine. Interestingly, in the proximal intestine, dietary β-conglycinin decreased both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA level, and did not affect NF-κB P65 nucleus translocation and TOR phosphorylation. For oxidative damage, dietary β-conglycinin exposure elevated both malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents in the distal intestine, which might be attributed to the suppression of the Mn-SOD, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. In the mid intestine, dietary β-conglycinin only increased PC content in association with the low activities of CAT, GPx and glutathione peroxidase (GR). Unexpectedly, in the proximal intestine, dietary β-conglycinin did not significantly change MDA and PC contents while decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Furtherly, dietary β-conglycinin affect the antioxidant enzyme activity might be regulated by the varying pattern of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nucleus translocation among these three intestinal segments. In summary, dietary β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signaling molecules, which were varying among the three intestinal segments of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi-Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
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13
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Wang L, Mu Y, Xu L, Li K, Han J, Wu T, Liu L, Gao Q, Xia Y, Hou G, Yang S, He X, Liu GE, Feng S. Genomic Analysis Reveals Specific Patterns of Homozygosity and Heterozygosity in Inbred Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E314. [PMID: 31159442 PMCID: PMC6617223 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inbred strain of miniature pig is an ideal model for biomedical research due to its high level of homozygosity. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity, relatedness, homozygosity, and heterozygosity using the Porcine SNP60K BeadChip in both inbred and non-inbred Wuzhishan pigs (WZSPs). Our results from multidimensional scaling, admixture, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the inbred WZSP, with its unique genetic properties, can be utilized as a novel genetic resource for pig genome studies. Inbreeding depression and run of homozygosity (ROH) analyses revealed an average of 61 and 12 ROH regions in the inbred and non-inbred genomes of WZSPs, respectively. By investigating ROH number, length, and distribution across generations, we further briefly studied the impacts of recombination and demography on ROH in these WZSPs. Finally, we explored the SNPs with higher heterozygosity across generations and their potential functional implications in the inbred WZSP. We detected 56 SNPs showing constant heterozygosity with He = 1 across six generations in inbred pigs, while only one was found in the non-inbred population. Among these SNPs, we observed nine SNPs located in swine RefSeq genes, which were found to be involved in signaling and immune processes. Together, our findings indicate that the inbred-specific pattern of homozygosity and heterozygosity in inbred pigs can offer valuable insights for elucidating the mechanisms of inbreeding in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yulian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Linyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tianwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Institute of Tropical Crop Variety Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
| | - Shulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohong He
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Shutang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
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Han F, Wang X, Guo J, Qi C, Xu C, Luo Y, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Effects of glycinin and β-conglycinin on growth performance and intestinal health in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:269-279. [PMID: 30300740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of two soybean antigens (glycinin and β-conglycinin) as an antinutritional substance in the diet on the growth, digestive ability, intestinal health and microbiota of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). The isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets contained two soybean antigens at two levels each (70 and 140 g/kg β-conglycinin, 80 and 160 g/kg glycinin) and a control diet without β-conglycinin or glycinin supplementation, and were used respectively to feed juvenile E. sinensis for seven weeks. Dietary inclusion of either glycinin or β-conglycinin significantly reduced crab survival and weight gain. The crabs fed diets containing soybean antigens had higher malondialdehyde concentrations and lower catalase activities in the intestine than those in the control. The activities of trypsin and amylase in the intestine were suppressed by dietary β-conglycinin and glycinin. Dietary glycinin or β-conglycinin impaired the immunity and morphological structure of intestine, especially the peritrophic membrane. The mRNA expression of constitutive and inducible immune responsive genes (lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor and interleukin-2 enhancer-binding factor 2) increased while the mRNA expression of the main genes related to the structural integrity peritrophic membrane (peritrophin-like gene and peritrophic 2) significantly decreased in the groups with soybean antigen addition. Soybean antigen could also change the intestinal microbial community. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Ochrobactrum, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas) increased significantly in both soybean antigen groups. Although pathogenic bacteria Vibrio were up-regulated in the glycinin group, the abundance of Dysgonomonas that degraded lignocellulose and ameliorated the gut environment decreased in the glycinin group. This study indicates that existence of soybean antigens (glycinin or β-conglycinin) could induce gut inflammation, reshape the community of gut microbiota, and cause digestive dysfunction, ultimately leading to impaired growth in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglu Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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15
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Chang M, Zhao Y, Qin G, Zhang X. Fructo-Oligosaccharide Alleviates Soybean-Induced Anaphylaxis in Piglets by Modulating Gut Microbes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2769. [PMID: 30524396 PMCID: PMC6256172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean-induced anaphylaxis poses a severe threat to the health of humans and animals. Some commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, can prevent and treat allergic diseases. Prebiotic oligosaccharides, a food/diet additive, can enhance health and performance via modulating gut microbes and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) could alleviate soybean-induced anaphylaxis by modulating gut microbes. Piglets (21 days of age) were sensitized with a diet containing 5% soybean and 30% peeled soybean meal. The treatment with 0.6% FOS started 1 day prior to sensitization and continued everyday thereafter. Blood was collected for measurements of immune indices. The DNA samples isolated from fresh intestinal contents of the middle jejunum (M-jejunum), posterior jejunum (P-jejunum), ileum, and cecum were used for gene sequencing based on 16S rRNA. Our results showed that there was an increase of glycinin-specific IgG, β-conglycinin-specific IgG, total serum IgG and IgE, and occurrence of diarrhea in piglets sensitized with soybean antigen. There was a decrease in interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 and an increase of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in piglets with FOS treatment, compared with the piglets without FOS treatment. Improvement of intestinal microbes was indicated mostly by the increase of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and the decrease of Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum. The correlation analysis indicated that FOS treatment decreased those closely related to the key species of gut microbes. These results suggest that FOS can alleviate soybean antigen-induced anaphylaxis, which is associated with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and declined Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Zoonosis, Department of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Peng C, Cao C, He M, Shu Y, Tang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xia X, Li Y, Wu J. Soybean Glycinin- and β-Conglycinin-Induced Intestinal Damage in Piglets via the p38/JNK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9534-9541. [PMID: 30139257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) are known to induce a variety of hypersensitivity reactions involving the skin, intestinal tract, and respiratory tract. The present study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying the development of allergy to soybean antigen proteins, using piglets as an animal model. Weaned "Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire" piglets were fed a diet supplemented with 7S or 11S to investigate the signaling pathway involved in intestinal damage in piglets. Results showed that serum nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-3 levels were significantly higher in 7S- and 11S-fed piglets compared to those in suckling or weaned ones. mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p38, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were higher in 7S- and 11S-fed piglets than in suckling and weaned ones. Overall, our results indicate that 7S and 11S damaged the intestinal function in piglets through their impact on NF-κB, JNK, and p38 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Chengming Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Mengchu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yingshuang Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xuebing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
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17
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de Santis B, Stockhofe N, Wal JM, Weesendorp E, Lallès JP, van Dijk J, Kok E, De Giacomo M, Einspanier R, Onori R, Brera C, Bikker P, van der Meulen J, Kleter G. Case studies on genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Potential risk scenarios and associated health indicators. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 117:36-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Acidic polypeptides A 1a, A 3 and A 4 of Gly m 6 (glycinin) are allergenic for piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:147-152. [PMID: 30078589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gly m 6 (glycinin) is one of the major antigenic proteins in soybeans responsible for transient hypersensitivity to soybean meal in weaned piglets. The globulin is a hexamer consisting of subunits containing basic and acidic polypeptides. Multiple acidic polypeptides have long been demonstrated to be allergens for humans and play a key role in the overall allergenicity of Gly m 6. To date, knowledge on the allergenicity of the acidic polypeptides for piglets is very limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the acidic polypeptides that were allergenic for piglets and to characterize these acidic polypeptides by ELISA, western blot, skin prick and basophile histamine release test. The IgG and IgE antibody binding capacities of the acidic polypeptides of Gly m 6 were determined using ELISA and western blot analysis with sera from Gly m 6 sensitized piglets. Skin prick test and basophile histamine release test were conducted to measure the effector cell response to the polypeptides. Specific IgG and IgE antibodies against A1a, A3 and A4 of Gly m 6 were identified in the sera of Gly m 6 sensitized piglets. Meanwhile, positive skin prick test and specific histamine release responses were also induced by the acidic polypeptide A1a, A3 and A4 of Gly m 6 from the basophiles of Gly m 6 sensitized piglets. The results demonstrate that the acidic polypeptide A1a, A3 and A4 of Gly m 6 are allergenic for piglets.
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19
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Guendouz M, Haddi A, Grar H, Kheroua O, Saidi D, Kaddouri H. Preventive effects of royal jelly against anaphylactic response in a murine model of cow's milk allergy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2145-2152. [PMID: 28982287 PMCID: PMC6130715 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1383487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Royal jelly (RJ) has long been used to promote human health. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the preventive effects of RJ against the development of a systemic and intestinal immune response in mice allergic to cow's milk proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice treated orally for seven days with RJ at doses of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg were sensitized intraperitoneally with β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). Serum IgG and IgE anti-β-Lg were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma histamine levels, symptom scores and body temperature were determined after in vivo challenge to β-Lg. Jejunums were used for assessment of local anaphylactic responses by an ex vivo study in Ussing chambers and morphologic changes by histological analysis. RESULTS RJ significantly decreased serum IgG (31.15-43.78%) and IgE (64.28-66.6%) anti-β-Lg and effectively reduced plasma histamine level (66.62-67.36%) (p < 0.001) at all the doses tested. Additionally, no clinical symptoms or body temperature drops were observed in RJ-pretreated mice. Interestingly, RJ significantly reduced (p < 0.001) intestinal dysfunction by abolishing the secretory response (70.73-72.23%) induced by sensitization and prevented length aberrations of jejunal villi by 44.32-59.01% (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We speculate that using RJ may help prevent systemic and anaphylactic response in allergic mice. These effects may be related to its inhibitory effects on the degranulation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Guendouz
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Abir Haddi
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Hadria Grar
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Djamel Saidi
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Hanane Kaddouri
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
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20
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Liu Q, Yang W, Li M, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Gao H, Han Y, Yang F, Feng S, Zeng S. Effects of 60-Week Feeding Diet Containing Bt Rice Expressing the Cry1Ab Protein on the Offspring of Inbred Wuzhishan Pigs Fed the Same Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10300-10309. [PMID: 29113431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the chronic effects of Bt rice carrying the Cry1Ab protein (1.64 mg/kg) on offspring of highly inbred WZSP, fed with Bt rice for 360 days, in a 60-week feeding study. The WZSP offspring (n = 27) were assigned to two groups (Minghui86 group, female n = 6, male n = 5; Bt group, female n = 11, male n = 5). The average obtained Cry1Ab protein dosage for female and male pigs was 1.003 and 1.234 mg/kg body weight after 10 weeks of feeding, respectively. The experimental feed in the study was nutritionally matched in both groups. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of the females in week 3 and males from weeks 1 to 10 were different between the Bt and Minghui86 groups (P < 0.05), and the body weight of the male pigs in week 2 was greater in the Minghui86 group than that of the Bt group (P < 0.05). No other differences were observed, and there were no significant differences in the serum sex steroid level, hematology parameters, relative organ weights, or histopathology. Although differences in some serum chemistry parameters (alanine aminotransferase of female pigs and alkaline phosphatase of male pigs) were observed, they were not considered treatment-related. On the basis of these results, long-term intake of transgenic rice carrying Cry1Ab protein exerts no unintended adverse effects on WZSP offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Weigang Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yingzheng Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shutang Feng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100293, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,l Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
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21
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Zheng S, Qin G, Tian H, Zhang F. Three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 (β-conglycinin) plays an important role in its stability and overall allergenicity. Food Chem 2017; 234:381-388. [PMID: 28551251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the relationship of the allegenicity and the three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 (β-conglycinin), a major allergen in soybean. In the present study, allergen Gly m 5 was demonstrated to generate three major digestion-resistant fragments when it was subjected to in vitro digestion. The largest fragment corresponded to the main body of the monomer and two smaller fragments corresponded to the main bodies of two modules of the monomer. Two major protease cleavage sites were located in the regions near to the connection between two modules. Coincidentally, the major digestion-resistant fragments were demonstrated to contain intact IgE epitopes and be capable to induce basophil histamine release in Gly m 5 sensitised piglets, indicating that the three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 afforded the molecule some protection from complete degradation into small peptides and amino acids, and contributed to its overall allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugui Zheng
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - He Tian
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
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Shi C, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Wang C, Lu Z, Wang F, Feng J, Wang Y. Amino acid and phosphorus digestibility of fermented corn-soybean meal mixed feed with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium fed to pigs1. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chen L, Sun Z, Liu Q, Zhong R, Tan S, Yang X, Zhang H. Long-term toxicity study on genetically modified corn with cry1Ac gene in a Wuzhishan miniature pig model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4207-4214. [PMID: 26777397 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to investigate the chronic effect of transgenic maize lines by the insertion of the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the growth performance, immune response and health using a Wuzhishan miniature pig model through a 196-day feeding study. RESULTS Based on the gender and weight, 72 Wuzhishan miniature pigs were randomly assigned one of the diets containing 65% non-transgenic isogenic corn or Bt corn at three stages of growth (day 0-69, 70-134 and 135-196). The potential toxicological effects of transgenic corn on pigs were explored. No difference between the diet treatments for growth performance and haematology parameters at any stages of growth. Although subtle differences in serum content of alanine aminotransferase, relative kidney weight and some immune response were observed between the Bt group and isogenic group, they were not considered as diet treatment-related. CONCLUSION Long-term feeding Bt corn carrying cry1Ac genes to Wuzhishan miniature pigs did not indicate adverse effects on the growth, immune response and health indicators at any stages of growth. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 10050, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wu JJ, Cao CM, Meng TT, Zhang Y, Xu SL, Feng SB, Li Y, Wang XC. Induction of immune responses and allergic reactions in piglets by injecting glycinin. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1144488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhao S, Mu Y, Li K. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA paired expression profiling of prenatal skeletal muscle development in three genotype pigs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15544. [PMID: 26496978 PMCID: PMC4620456 DOI: 10.1038/srep15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in muscle development by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Based on prenatal skeletal muscle at 33, 65 and 90 days post-coitus (dpc) from Landrace, Tongcheng and Wuzhishan pigs, we carried out integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiling. We identified 33, 18 and 67 differentially expressed miRNAs and 290, 91 and 502 mRNA targets in Landrace, Tongcheng and Wuzhishan pigs, respectively. Subsequently, 12 mRNAs and 3 miRNAs differentially expressed were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and 5 predicted miRNA targets were confirmed via dual luciferase reporter or western blot assays. We identified a set of miRNAs and mRNA genes differentially expressed in muscle development. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggests that the miRNA targets are primarily involved in muscle contraction, muscle development and negative regulation of cell proliferation. Our data indicated that more mRNAs are regulated by miRNAs at earlier stages than at later stages of muscle development. Landrace and Tongcheng pigs also had longer phases of myoblast proliferation than Wuzhishan pigs. This study will be helpful to further explore miRNA-mRNA interactions in myogenesis and aid to uncover the molecular mechanisms of muscle development and phenotype variance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Tang
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Zishuai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuanping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Mu
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Zhang Q, Wang G, Yuan W, Wu J, Wang M, Li C. The effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil against post-resuscitation myocardial and intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction by attenuating apoptosis and regulating microRNAs expression: essential role of nitric oxide syntheses signaling. J Transl Med 2015; 13:177. [PMID: 26040988 PMCID: PMC4467614 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated the cardioprotective role of sildenafil during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sildenafil has been shown to attenuate postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in piget models of ventricular fibrillation. This study was designed to investigate if administration of sildenafil will attenuate post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by attenuating apoptosis and regulating miRNA expressions, furthermore, ameliorating the severity of post-microcirculatory dysfunction. Methods Twenty-four male pigs (weighing 30 ± 2 kg) were randomly divided into groups, sildenafil pretreatment (n = 8), saline (n = 8) and sham operation (sham, n = 8). Sildenafil pretreatment consisted of 0.5 mg/kg sildenafil, administered once intraperitoneally 30 min prior to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Eight minutes of untreated VF was followed by defibrillation in anesthetized, closed-chest pigs. Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0 min, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Surviving pigs were euthanatized at 24 h after ROSC, and hearts were removed for analysis by electron microscopy, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Intestinal microcirculatory blood flow was visualized by a sidestream dark-field imaging device at baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ROSC. Results Compared with the saline group, the sildenafil group had a higher 24-hour survival (7/8 versus 3/8 survivors, p < 0.05) and a better outcome in hemodynamic parameters. The protective effect of sildenafil also correlated with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced TUNEL-positive cells, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibited caspase-3 activity in myocardium. Additionally, sildenafil treatment inhibited the increases in the microRNA-1 levels and alleviated the decreases in the microRNA-133a levels which negatively regulates pro-apoptotic genes. At 6 h after ROSC, post-resuscitation perfused vessel density and microcirculatory flow index were significantly lower in the saline group than in the sildenafil group. Conclusions The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) sildenafil improved post-resuscitation perfusion of the heart, and thus reduced cardiac myocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function; (2) sildenafil treatment inhibited the increases in the microRNA-1 levels, but alleviated the decreases in the microRNA-133a levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing You-yi Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Junyuan Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - ChunSheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Zhang Q, Yuan W, Wang G, Wu J, Wang M, Li C. The protective effects of a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on postresuscitation cardiac dysfunction of cardiac arrest: metabolic evidence from microdialysis. Crit Care 2014; 18:641. [PMID: 25475018 PMCID: PMC4262990 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated the cardioprotective role of sildenafil during ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to determine, by obtaining metabolic evidence from microdialysis, if sildenafil could reduce the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and lead to cardioprotection through beneficial effects on energy metabolism. METHODS Twenty-four male piglets were randomly divided into three groups: sildenafil (n = 8), saline (SA; n = 8) and sham operation (n = 8). Sildenafil pretreatment consisted of 0.5 mg/kg sildenafil administered once intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to ventricular fibrillation (VF). The myocardial interstitial fluid (ISF) concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate and glycerol were determined by microdialysis before VF. Afterward, the piglets were subjected to 8 minutes of untreated VF followed by 15 minutes of open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ISF was collected continuously, and the experiment was terminated 24 hours after resuscitation. RESULTS After 8 minutes of untreated VF, the sildenafil group exhibited higher glucose and pyruvate concentrations of ISF and lower lactate and glutamate levels in comparison with the SA group, and these data reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). Advanced cardiac life support was delivered to both groups, with a 24-hour survival rate showing a promising trend in the sildenafil group (7 of 8 versus 3 of 8 survivors, P < 0.05). Compared with the SA group, the sildenafil group had a better outcome in terms of hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism parameters (P < 0.05). Myocardial tissue analysis revealed a dramatic increase in the contents of ATP, ADP and phosphocreatine in the sildenafil group versus the SA group at 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC; P = 0.03, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, 24 hours after ROSC, the sildenafil group had marked elevations in activity of left ventricular Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase compared with the SA group (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil could reduce the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and it produced better clearance of metabolic waste in the ISF. This work might provide insights into the development of a novel strategy to treat postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing You-yi Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95# Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junyuan Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - ChunSheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wang Y, Liu X, Wang H, Li D, Piao X, Lu W. Optimization of processing conditions for solid-state fermented soybean meal and its effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zhang Q, Li CS, Wang S, Gu W. Effects of Chinese medicine shen-fu injection on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and complements during post-resuscitation immune dysfunction in a porcine model. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 22:101-9. [PMID: 25253551 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the action of Shen-Fu Injection (SFI) in regulating the expression of the serum complements and inflammatory cytokines synthesized and released in response to the stress of global ischemia accompanying cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation. METHODS Thirty pigs were randomly divided into the sham (n=6) and 3 returns of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) groups (n=24). After 8-min untreated ventricular fibrillation and 2-min basic life support, 24 pigs of the ROSC groups were randomized into three groups (n=8 per group), which received central venous injection of SFI (SFI group), epinephrine (EP group), or saline (SA group). Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after ROSC. RESULTS Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system C3, C4 and C5b-9 were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through 24 h after ROSC. There were intense changes of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines as early as 0.5 h after CA. Compared with the EP and SA groups, SFI treatment reduced the proinflammatory cytokines levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, P<0.05), and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P<0.05). Further, SFI treatment decreased the values of C3, C4 and C5b-9 compared with the EP and SA groups. CONCLUSIONS SFI, derived from the ancient Chinese medicine, has significant effects in attenuating post-resuscitation immune dysfunction by modulating the expression of complements and cytokines levels. The current study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of a potential pharmacologic target for post resuscitation immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chun-sheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
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Biological Characteristics of Captive Chinese Wuzhishan Minipigs (Sus scrofa). INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:761257. [PMID: 27433533 PMCID: PMC4897273 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the demands of experimental minipigs for biomedical researches, we have aimed at cultivating grazing Chinese Wuzhishan (WZS) minipigs and trying to make them useful and affordable since the 1990s. After more than ten years of captive cultivation following sound management practices and a rigorous selection program for fertility and litter size, we established an outbred WZS minipigs colony with a core group (14 males and 30 females) and an expanding group (20 males and 40 females). In 2010-2013 periods, extensive background data of this colony were recorded and analyzed. This paper was written to provide pertinent information about outbred WZS minipigs for producers, users, and others concerned with WZS minipigs. It contains physical characteristics, growth performance, productive performance, hematology and blood biochemistry, microsatellite analysis, organ coefficients, and carcass properties. Results show that WZS minipigs have characteristics of small body size, slow growth rate, long life cycle, high reproductive rate, and maintaining original genetic diversity. All data present that outbred WZS minipigs are suitable laboratory animal and model animal.
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Taliercio E, Loveless TM, Turano MJ, Kim SW. Identification of epitopes of the β subunit of soybean β-conglycinin that are antigenic in pigs, dogs, rabbits and fish. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2289-94. [PMID: 24415270 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Conglycinin (conglycinin) is one of the major seed storage proteins of soybean. Conglycinin is a 7S trimer composed of different combinations of β, α and α' subunits. All subunits of conglycinin have been reported to be allergenic in humans. The goal of this research is to identify epitopes of the β subunit of conglycinin that are antigenic in multiple animal species. RESULTS Sera from pigs, dogs, rabbits and hybrid striped bass that had antibodies against soybean conglycinin were identified by ELISA. Most of these sera recognized peptides that represent the β subunit of conglycinin. One antigenic region of the β subunit of conglycinin had considerable overlap among all species tested. One region that was similar to a peanut allergenic epitope in humans overlapped with a region that binds IgE from dogs. One region was antigenic in multiple rabbits and pigs, suggesting it may play a role in the response of pigs to soybean in the diet. CONCLUSION One region of the β subunit of conglycinin is an important antigen across species and abuts a region similar to the peanut allergen ARA h 1. A second region is particularly antigenic in pigs and rabbits. Variants of these antigenic regions of the β subunit of conglycinin may be useful in determining the role these regions play in the health of animals fed soybean. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Gu W, Zhang Q, Yin W, Li C. Caspase-3-mediated splenic lymphocyte apoptosis in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:1027-32. [PMID: 25027201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postresuscitation immunologic dysfunction contributes to the low survival rate after successful resuscitation, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is initiated by the Bcl-2/Bax-controlled and caspase-3-mediated pathway, this study investigated whether mitochondrial pathway-mediated splenic lymphocyte apoptosis is involved in the postresuscitation immunosuppression in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. METHODS Twenty-eight Wuzhishan miniature pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups: return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC; n = 22) and sham-operated (n = 6). Return of spontaneous circulation was initiated after 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation. After successful ROSC, CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Surviving pigs were randomly assigned to be humanely killed at 24 and 72 hours after ROSC (n = 8 per group). Spleens were removed for histopathologic analysis, Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay. RESULTS A high degree of splenic lymphocyte apoptosis was observed in the ROSC group. Expression of Bax and activated caspase-3 was markedly increased in splenic tissue, whereas Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the post-ROSC group compared with the sham-operated group (P < .05) at 24 and 72 hours after ROSC. The messenger RNA levels of activated caspase-3 of splenic tissue were significantly elevated at 24 and 72 hours after ROSC. CONCLUSION These results demonstrates that Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-3-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway may contribute to abnormal splenic lymphocyte apoptosis, which may be one of the main pathologic mechanisms of postresuscitation disturbance of immunologic function in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - WenPeng Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - ChunSheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wang T, Qin GX, Sun ZW, Zhao Y. Advances of research on glycinin and β-conglycinin: a review of two major soybean allergenic proteins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:850-62. [PMID: 24499064 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.613534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Being an important crop, soybean is widely used in the world and plays a vital role in human and animal nutrition. However, it contains several antinutritional factors (ANFs) including soybean agglutinin, soybean protease inhibitors, soybean allergenic proteins, etc., that may result in poor food utilization, decreased growth performance, and even disease. Among these ANFs, soybean allergenic proteins can lead to allergic reactions in human and animals, which has become a public problem all over the world, but our knowledge on it is still inadequate. This paper aims to provide an update on the characteristics, detection or exploration methods, and in vivo research models of soybean allergenic proteins; especially glycinin and β-conglycinin are deeply discussed. Through this review, we may have a better understanding on the advances of research on these two soybean allergenic proteins. Besides, the ingredient processing used to reduce the allergenicity of soybean is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , 130118 , P. R. China
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Sun H, Liu X, Wang YZ, Liu JX, Feng J. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin, histamine and T-cell responses induced by soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin in BALB/c mice of oral sensitisation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.730501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sun H, Liu X, Wang YZ, Liu JX, Feng J. Soybean glycinin- and β-conglycinin-induced intestinal immune responses in a murine model of allergy. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.704507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Taliercio E, Kim SW. Identification of a second major antigenic epitope in the α-subunit of soy β-conglycinin. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.791969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Fang X, Mou Y, Huang Z, Li Y, Han L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Chen Y, Jiang X, Zhao W, Sun X, Xiong Z, Yang L, Liu H, Fan D, Mao L, Ren L, Liu C, Wang J, Li K, Wang G, Yang S, Lai L, Zhang G, Li Y, Wang J, Bolund L, Yang H, Wang J, Feng S, Li S, Du Y. The sequence and analysis of a Chinese pig genome. Gigascience 2012; 1:16. [PMID: 23587058 PMCID: PMC3626506 DOI: 10.1186/2047-217x-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pig is an economically important food source, amounting to approximately 40% of all meat consumed worldwide. Pigs also serve as an important model organism because of their similarity to humans at the anatomical, physiological and genetic level, making them very useful for studying a variety of human diseases. A pig strain of particular interest is the miniature pig, specifically the Wuzhishan pig (WZSP), as it has been extensively inbred. Its high level of homozygosity offers increased ease for selective breeding for specific traits and a more straightforward understanding of the genetic changes that underlie its biological characteristics. WZSP also serves as a promising means for applications in surgery, tissue engineering, and xenotransplantation. Here, we report the sequencing and analysis of an inbreeding WZSP genome. Results Our results reveal some unique genomic features, including a relatively high level of homozygosity in the diploid genome, an unusual distribution of heterozygosity, an over-representation of tRNA-derived transposable elements, a small amount of porcine endogenous retrovirus, and a lack of type C retroviruses. In addition, we carried out systematic research on gene evolution, together with a detailed investigation of the counterparts of human drug target genes. Conclusion Our results provide the opportunity to more clearly define the genomic character of pig, which could enhance our ability to create more useful pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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Gong P, Li CS, Hua R, Zhao H, Tang ZR, Mei X, Zhang MY, Cui J. Mild hypothermia attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress by protecting respiratory enzymes and upregulating MnSOD in a pig model of cardiac arrest. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35313. [PMID: 22532848 PMCID: PMC3332059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is the only effective treatment confirmed clinically to improve neurological outcomes for comatose patients with cardiac arrest. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, our aim was to determine the effect of mild hypothermia on mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. We intravascularly induced mild hypothermia (33°C), maintained this temperature for 12 h, and actively rewarmed in the inbred Chinese Wuzhishan minipigs successfully resuscitated after 8 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation. Cerebral samples were collected at 24 and 72 h following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We found that mitochondrial malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex in normothermic pigs even at 24 h after ROSC, whereas mild hypothermia attenuated this increase. Moreover, mild hypothermia attenuated the decrease in Complex I and Complex III (i.e., major sites of reactive oxygen species production) activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This increase in MnSOD activity was consistent with the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA and protein expressions, and with the increase of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in normothermic pigs at 24 and 72 h following ROSC, whereas mild hypothermia enhanced these tendencies. Thus, our findings indicate that mild hypothermia attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex, which may be associated with reduced impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, and enhancement of MnSOD activity and expression via Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sheng Li
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ren Tang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Mei
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao H, Li CS, Gong P, Tang ZR, Hua R, Mei X, Zhang MY, Cui J. Molecular mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia on neurological function in a swine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2012; 83:913-20. [PMID: 22245747 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanisms by which mild hypothermia following resuscitation improves neurological function in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. METHODS Thirty-three inbred Chinese Wuzhishan (WZS) minipigs were used. After 8 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), the surviving animals (n=29) were randomly divided into two groups including serum group (n=16) and molecular group (n=13). Serum group animals were used to measure porcine-specific tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6, IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9), Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), tissue inhibitor to metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B at 0.5 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72h recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Molecular group animals were used to measure cerebral cortex messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), MMP9 and AQP4 by real-time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting at 24 h and 72 h recovery. Animals were further divided into either normothermia or hypothermia groups. Hypothermia (33°C) was maintained for 12 h using an endovascular cooling device. Swine neurologic deficit scores (NDS) were used to evaluate neurological function at 24-h and 72-h recovery. RESULTS Twenty-nine of the 33 (87.9%) animals were successfully resuscitated. The hypothermia group exhibited higher survival rates at 24 h (75%) and 72 h (62.5%) compared to the normothermia group (37.5% and 25%, respectively). Hypothermia markedly inhibited expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, MMP9 and NSE, and promoted expression of TIMP1 (P<0.01). The mean NDS at 24-h and 72-h recovery was 112.5 and 61, respectively, in the hypothermic group, and 230 and 207.5, respectively, in the normothermia group. CONCLUSION Brain protection induced by hypothermia involves inhibition of inflammatory and brain edema pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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