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Zheng F, Basit A, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J, Chen W. Biochemical characterization of a novel acidophilic β-xylanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its synergistic hydrolysis of beechwood xylan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998160. [PMID: 36199370 PMCID: PMC9527580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidophilic β-xylanases have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent activity under extreme acidic environments and potential industrial utilizations. In this study, a novel β-xylanase gene (Xyl11) of glycoside hydrolase family 11, was cloned from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 2.0-fold increase). Xyl11 displayed a maximum activity of 121.99 U/ml at pH 3.0 and 50°C, and exhibited strict substrate specificity toward beechwood xylan (Km = 9.06 mg/ml, Vmax = 608.65 μmol/min/mg). The Xyl11 retained over 80% activity at pH 2.0–5.0 after pretreatment at 4°C for 1 h. Analysis of the hydrolytic pattern revealed that Xyl11 could rapidly convert xylan to xylobiose via hydrolysis activity as well as transglycosylation. Moreover, the results of site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the Xyl11 residues, Glu127, Glu164, and Glu216, are essential catalytic sites, with Asp138 having an auxiliary function. Additionally, a high degree of synergy (15.02) was observed when Xyl11 was used in association with commercial β-xylosidase. This study provided a novel acidophilic β-xylanase that exhibits excellent characteristics and can, therefore, be considered a suitable candidate for extensive applications, especially in food and animal feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengzhen Zheng,
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Hu D, Zhao X. Characterization of a New Xylanase Found in the Rumen Metagenome and Its Effects on the Hydrolysis of Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6493-6502. [PMID: 35583133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the main ingredient of poultry diet, but its xylan has an adverse impact on poultry production. A novel xylanase from beef cattle rumen metagenome (RuXyn) and its effect on the wheat hydrolysis were investigated in the present study. The RuXyn coded for 377 amino acids and exhibited low identity (<40%) to previously reported proteins. The RuXyn was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C. The activity of RuXyn could be increased by 79.8 and 36.0% in the presence of Ca2+ and Tween 20, respectively. The soluble xylan and insoluble xylan in wheat could be effectively degraded by RuXyn and xylooligosaccharides produced accounting for more than 80% of the products. This study demonstrates that RuXyn has substantial potential to improve the application of wheat in poultry production by degrading wheat xylan and the accompanying xylooligosaccharides produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
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3
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Liu C, Zhang W, Li Y, Pan K, OuYang K, Song X, Xiong X, Zang Y, Wang L, Qu M, Zhao X. Characterization of yeast cell surface displayed Lentinula edodes xylanase and its effects on the hydrolysis of wheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:341-347. [PMID: 35026222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study displayed a xylanase from Lentinula edodes on the surface of Pichia pastoris (sdLeXyn) and investigated its properties and effects on the wheat hydrolysis. Fluorescence microscope results showed that sdLeXyn was successfully anchored and displayed on the surface of P. pastoris X-33 cells. The highest activity of sdLeXyn was obtained at pH 3.0 and 50 °C. The sdLeXyn exhibited anti-high temperature property and showed broad temperature adaptability (>55% of the highest activity at 20-80 °C). The sdLeXyn was very stable at room temperature and could remain functionally stable at 50 °C for 3 h. The Km value was greater in sdLeXyn than that in free recombinant L. edodes xylanase. The sdLeXyn exhibited well resistance to Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Na+, Cu2+, Mg2+, K+, Ni2+ (1 mM and 5 mM) except Cu2+, which reduced the sdLeXyn activity by 54.5% at 5 mM dosage. The activity of sdLeXyn was increased by 42.6% by 5 mM Mn2+, 5 mM DTT, Trition X-100, and Tween 20 did not affect the activity of sdLeXyn, but SDS and EDTA slightly reduced it by 12.8% and 14.6%, respectively. The sdLeXyn could resist the degradation of pepsin, efficiently hydrolyzed wheat and reduced the viscosity of wheat hydrolysate. Current data indicate that the sdLeXyn has a potential as a feed additive to improve the utilization of wheat in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Kehui OuYang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaowen Xiong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yitian Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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You S, Zhang YX, Shi F, Zhang WX, Li J, Zhang S, Chen ZL, Zhao WG, Wang J. Lowering energy consumption for fermentable sugar production from Ramulus mori: Engineered xylanase synergy and improved pretreatment strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126368. [PMID: 34808317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biorefinery of Ramulus mori with lower energy consumption through improved enzyme and pretreatment strategies was reported. Directed evolution and saturation mutagenesis were used for the modification of xylanase, the yield of fermentable sugars and the degree of synergy (DS) were determined for different pretreatment (seawater/non-seawater) and enzyme treatment groups (xylanase/cellulase/co-treatment). The dominant mutant I133A/Q143Y of Bispora sp. xylanase XYL10C_ΔN was obtained with improved specific activity (1860 U/mg), catalytic efficiency (1150 mL/s∙mg) at 40 °C, and thermostability (T50 increased by 7 °C). With the pretreatment of seawater immersion, the highest yield of fermentable sugars for Ramulus mori at 40 °C reached 199 μmol/g when hydrolyzed with cellulase and I133A/Q143Y, with the highest DS of 2.6; this was 4.5-fold that of the group hydrolyzed by cellulase alone with non-seawater pretreatment. Thus, bioconversion of reducing sugar from Ramulus mori was improved significantly at lower temperatures, which provides an efficient and energy-saving wayfor biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Gene tic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Fan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Zhong-Li Chen
- Xinyuan Cocoon Silk Group Co., Ltd., Nantong 226600, PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Gene tic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Gene tic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China.
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Biochemical characterization of a GH10 xylanase from the anaerobic rumen fungus Anaeromyces robustus and application in bread making. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34471589 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaeromyces robustus is an anaerobic rumen microorganism which can produce plant cell wall degrading enzymes. In this study, a new GH10 xylanase gene xylAr10 from A. robustus was identified, cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant protein ArXyn10 was characterized after being purified by Ni-NTA. The optimal pH and temperature of ArXyn10 was determined at 5.5 and 40 °C, respectively. ArXyn10 was stable at the pH range of 4.0-8.0, and could maintain high stability from 35 to 45 °C. The hydrolysis products released from beechwood xylan by ArXyn10 showed chromatographic mobility similar to xylobiose and xylotriose according to thin-layer chromatography analysis. It was shown that the addition of 7.5 mg of ArXyn10 in 100 g high-gluten wheat flour during bread making could increase the reducing sugar content by 10.80%, indicating that xylo-oligosaccharides were produced. With the addition of ArXyn10, the hardness and chewiness of the bread decreased and the quality was improved. The new discovered xylanase ArXyn10 have potential application prospect in bread making.
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Lai Z, Zhou C, Ma X, Xue Y, Ma Y. Enzymatic characterization of a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant GH10 xylanase and activity improvement by multiple rational mutagenesis strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:164-177. [PMID: 33352153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-alkaline xylanases are widely applied in paper pulping industry. In this study, a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant GH10 xylanase (Xyn30Y5) gene from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. 30Y5 was cloned and the surface-layer homology (SLH) domains truncated enzyme (Xyn30Y5-SLH) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified Xyn30Y5-SLH was most active at 70 °C and pH 7.0 and showed the highest specific activity of 349.4 U mg-1. It retained more than 90% activity between pH 6.0 to 9.5 and was stable at pH 6.0-10.0. To improve the activity, 47 mutants were designed based on eight rational strategies and 21 mutants showed higher activity. By combinatorial mutagenesis, the best mutant 3B demonstrated specific activity of 1016.8 U mg-1 with a doubled catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) and RA601/2h value, accompanied by optimal pH shift to 8.0. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that the increase of flexibility of α5 helix and loop7 located near to the catalytic residues is likely responsible for its activity improvement. And the decrease of flexibility of the most unstable regions is vital for the thermostablity improvement. This work provided not only a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant xylanase with industrial application potential but also an effective mutagenesis strategy for xylanase activity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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7
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Brown A, Cantley S, Gutierrez O, Lemons M, Wamsley K. Effects of varying diet nutrient density and enzyme inclusion strategy for Ross 708 male broilers under a natural disease challenge. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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8
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Differential antioxidant activity of glucuronoxylooligosaccharides (UXOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) produced by two novel xylanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1075-1083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Jiménez‐Ortega E, Valenzuela S, Ramírez‐Escudero M, Pastor FJ, Sanz‐Aparicio J. Structural analysis of the reducing‐end xylose‐releasing exo‐oligoxylanase Rex8A from
Paenibacillus barcinonensis
BP‐23 deciphers its molecular specificity. FEBS J 2020; 287:5362-5374. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez‐Ortega
- Macromolecular Crystallography and Structural Biology Department Institute of Physical‐Chemistry ‘Rocasolano’ CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Valenzuela
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB) University of Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez‐Escudero
- Macromolecular Crystallography and Structural Biology Department Institute of Physical‐Chemistry ‘Rocasolano’ CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pastor
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB) University of Barcelona Spain
| | - Julia Sanz‐Aparicio
- Macromolecular Crystallography and Structural Biology Department Institute of Physical‐Chemistry ‘Rocasolano’ CSIC Madrid Spain
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Liu L, Xu M, Cao Y, Wang H, Shao J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Meng X, Liu W. Biochemical Characterization of Xylanases from Streptomyces sp. B6 and Their Application in the Xylooligosaccharide Production from Viscose Fiber Production Waste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3184-3194. [PMID: 32105462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan represents a promising way to produce xylooligosaccharide (XOS), which is a novel ingredient in functional food. However, the recalcitrance of xylan in natural lignocellulosic biomass entails effective and robust xylanases. In the present study, we reported the isolation of a thermophilic Streptomyces sp. B6 from mushroom compost producing high xylanase activity. Two xylanases of Streptomyces sp. B6 belonging to GH10 (XynST10) and GH11 (XynST11) families were thus identified and biochemically characterized to be robust enzymes with high alkaline- and thermostability. Direct hydrolysis of neutralized viscose fiber production waste using XynST10 and XynST11 showed that while XynST10 produced 23.22 g/L XOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-4 and 9.27 g/L xylose, XynST11 produced much less xylose (1.19 g/L) and a higher amounts of XOS with a DP = 2-4 (28.29 g/L). Thus, XynST11 holds great potential for the production of XOS from agricultural and industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, No. 29 Miaoling Road, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, No. 29 Miaoling Road, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Zhang
- Leling Shengli New Energy Company, Limited, Yangan, Leling, Dezhou 253614, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Wang
- Leling Shengli New Energy Company, Limited, Yangan, Leling, Dezhou 253614, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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Mamo G. Alkaline Active Hemicellulases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:245-291. [PMID: 31372682 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xylan and mannan are the two most abundant hemicelluloses, and enzymes that modify these polysaccharides are prominent hemicellulases with immense biotechnological importance. Among these enzymes, xylanases and mannanases which play the vital role in the hydrolysis of xylan and mannan, respectively, attracted a great deal of interest. These hemicellulases have got applications in food, feed, bioethanol, pulp and paper, chemical, and beverage producing industries as well as in biorefineries and environmental biotechnology. The great majority of the enzymes used in these applications are optimally active in mildly acidic to neutral range. However, in recent years, alkaline active enzymes have also become increasingly important. This is mainly due to some benefits of utilizing alkaline active hemicellulases over that of neutral or acid active enzymes. One of the advantages is that the alkaline active enzymes are most suitable to applications that require high pH such as Kraft pulp delignification, detergent formulation, and cotton bioscouring. The other benefit is related to the better solubility of hemicelluloses at high pH. Since the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis is often positively correlated to substrate solubility, the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses can be more efficient if performed at high pH. High pH hydrolysis requires the use of alkaline active enzymes. Moreover, alkaline extraction is the most common hemicellulose extraction method, and direct hydrolysis of the alkali-extracted hemicellulose could be of great interest in the valorization of hemicellulose. Direct hydrolysis avoids the time-consuming extensive washing, and neutralization processes required if non-alkaline active enzymes are opted to be used. Furthermore, most alkaline active enzymes are relatively active in a wide range of pH, and at least some of them are significantly or even optimally active in slightly acidic to neutral pH range. Such enzymes can be eligible for non-alkaline applications such as in feed, food, and beverage industries.This chapter largely focuses on the most important alkaline active hemicellulases, endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-mannanases. It summarizes the relevant catalytic properties, structural features, as well as the real and potential applications of these remarkable hemicellulases in textile, paper and pulp, detergent, feed, food, and prebiotic producing industries. In addition, the chapter depicts the role of these extremozymes in valorization of hemicelluloses to platform chemicals and alike in biorefineries. It also reviews hemicelluloses and discusses their biotechnological importance.
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Valls C, Pastor FJ, Vidal T, Roncero MB, Díaz P, Martínez J, Valenzuela SV. Antioxidant activity of xylooligosaccharides produced from glucuronoxylan by Xyn10A and Xyn30D xylanases and eucalyptus autohydrolysates. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 194:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Sharma K, Antunes IL, Rajulapati V, Goyal A. Molecular characterization of a first endo-acting β-1,4-xylanase of family 10 glycoside hydrolase (PsGH10A) from Pseudopedobacter saltans comb. nov. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Kim DR, Lim HK, Lee KI, Hwang IT. Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo -β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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The Glycoside Hydrolase Family 8 Reducing-End Xylose-Releasing Exo-oligoxylanase Rex8A from Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23 Is Active on Branched Xylooligosaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5116-24. [PMID: 27316951 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01329-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A GH8 family enzyme involved in xylan depolymerization has been characterized. The enzyme, Rex8A, is a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase (Rex) that efficiently hydrolyzes xylooligosaccharides and shows minor activity on polymeric xylan. Rex8A hydrolyzes xylooligomers of 3 to 6 xylose units to xylose and xylobiose in long-term incubations. Kinetic constants of Rex8A were determined on xylotriose, showing a Km of 1.64 ± 0.03 mM and a kcat value of 118.8 s(-1) Besides linear xylooligosaccharides, the enzyme hydrolyzed decorated xylooligomers. The catalytic activity on branched xylooligosaccharides, i.e., the release of xylose from the reducing end, is a newly described trait of xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanases, as the exo-activity on these substrates has not been reported for the few of these enzymes characterized to date. Modeling of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of Rex8A shows an (α/α)6 barrel fold where the loops connecting the α-helices contour the active site. These loops, which show high sequence diversity among GH8 enzymes, shape a catalytic cleft with a -2 subsite that can accommodate methyl-glucuronic acid decorations. The hydrolytic ability of Rex8A on branched oligomers can be crucial for the complete depolymerization of highly substituted xylans, which is indispensable to accomplish biomass deconstruction and to generate efficient catalysts. IMPORTANCE A GH8 family enzyme involved in xylan depolymerization has been characterized. The Rex8A enzyme from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is involved in depolymerization of glucuronoxylan, a major component of the lignocellulosic substrates. The study shows that Rex8A is a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase that efficiently hydrolyzes xylose from neutral and acidic xylooligosaccharides generated by the action of other xylanases also secreted by the strain. The activity of a Rex enzyme on branched xylooligosaccharides has not been described to date. This report provides original and useful information on the properties of a new example of the rarely studied Rex enzymes. Depolymerization of highly substituted xylans is crucial for biomass valorization as a platform for generation of biofuels, chemicals, and solvents.
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Wang X, Luo H, Yu W, Ma R, You S, Liu W, Hou L, Zheng F, Xie X, Yao B. A thermostable Gloeophyllum trabeum xylanase with potential for the brewing industry. Food Chem 2016; 199:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Ghio S, Insani EM, Piccinni FE, Talia PM, Grasso DH, Campos E. GH10 XynA is the main xylanase identified in the crude enzymatic extract of Paenibacillus sp. A59 when grown on xylan or lignocellulosic biomass. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Valls A, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ, Valenzuela SV. A newly discovered arabinoxylan-specific arabinofuranohydrolase. Synergistic action with xylanases from different glycosyl hydrolase families. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1743-1751. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Huang X, Li Z, Du C, Wang J, Li S. Improved Expression and Characterization of a Multidomain Xylanase from Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6430-9. [PMID: 26132889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene was cloned and characterized from Thermoanerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, which was attested to consist of a signal peptide, one glycoside hydrolase family 10 domain, four carbohydrate binding modules, and three surface layer homology domains. The change of expression host from Escherichia coli to Bacillus subtilis resulted in a 4.1-fold increase of specific activity for the truncated XynAΔSLH. Five different versions of secretion signals in B. subtilis indicated that it was preferably routed via a Sec-dependent pathway. Purified XynAΔSLH showed a high activity of 379.8 U/mg on beechwood xylan. XynAΔSLH was optimally active at 80 °C, pH 6.5. Thin layer chromatography results showed that xylobiose and the presumed methylglucuronoxylotriose (MeGlcAXyl3) were the main products liberated from beechwood xylan catalyzed by the recombinant xylanase. All of the results suggest that XynAΔSLH is a suitable candidate for generating xylooligosaccharides from cellulosic materials for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongliang Huang
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Du
- §School of Applied Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jufang Wang
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Sainz-Polo MA, González B, Menéndez M, Pastor FIJ, Sanz-Aparicio J. Exploring Multimodularity in Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF Xyn10C CONTAINING THE CBM22-1-CBM22-2 TANDEM. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17116-30. [PMID: 26001782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating multimodularity is a challenging task. Paenibacillus barcinonensis Xyn10C is a 120-kDa modular enzyme that presents the CBM22/GH10/CBM9 architecture found in a subset of large xylanases. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the Xyn10C N-terminal region, containing the xylan-binding CBM22-1-CBM22-2 tandem (Xyn10C-XBD), which represents the first solved crystal structure of two contiguous CBM22 modules. Xyn10C-XBD is folded into two separate CBM22 modules linked by a flexible segment that endows the tandem with extraordinary plasticity. Each isolated domain has been expressed and crystallized, and their binding abilities have been investigated. Both domains contain the R(W/Y)YYE motif required for xylan binding. However, crystallographic analysis of CBM22-2 complexes shows Trp-308 as an additional binding determinant. The long loop containing Trp-308 creates a platform that possibly contributes to the recognition of precise decorations at subsite S2. CBM22-2 may thus define a subset of xylan-binding CBM22 modules directed to particular regions of the polysaccharide. Affinity electrophoresis reveals that Xyn10C-XBD binds arabinoxylans more tightly, which is more apparent when CBM22-2 is tested against highly substituted xylan. The crystal structure of the catalytic domain, also reported, shows the capacity of the active site to accommodate xylan substitutions at almost all subsites. The structural differences found at both Xyn10C-XBD domains are consistent with the isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showing two sites with different affinities in the tandem. On the basis of the distinct characteristics of CBM22, a delivery strategy of Xyn10C mediated by Xyn10C-XBD is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz González
- From the Departamentos de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural y
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Química Física Biólogica, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006-Madrid and
| | - F I Javier Pastor
- the Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Sainz-Polo MA, Valenzuela SV, González B, Pastor FIJ, Sanz-Aparicio J. Structural analysis of glucuronoxylan-specific Xyn30D and its attached CBM35 domain gives insights into the role of modularity in specificity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31088-101. [PMID: 25202007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucuronoxylanase Xyn30D is a modular enzyme containing a family 30 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain and an attached carbohydrate binding module of the CBM35 family. We present here the three-dimensional structure of the full-length Xyn30D at 2.4 Å resolution. The catalytic domain folds into an (α/β)8 barrel with an associated β-structure, whereas the attached CBM35 displays a jellyroll β-sandwich including two calcium ions. Although both domains fold in an independent manner, the linker region makes polar interactions with the catalytic domain, allowing a moderate flexibility. The ancillary Xyn30D-CBM35 domain has been expressed and crystallized, and its binding abilities have been investigated by soaking experiments. Only glucuronic acid-containing ligands produced complexes, and their structures have been solved. A calcium-dependent glucuronic acid binding site shows distinctive structural features as compared with other uronic acid-specific CBM35s, because the presence of two aromatic residues delineates a wider pocket. The nonconserved Glu(129) makes a bidentate link to calcium and defines region E, previously identified as specificity hot spot. The molecular surface of Xyn30D-CBM35 shows a unique stretch of negative charge distribution extending from its binding pocket that might indicate some oriented interaction with its target substrate. The binding ability of Xyn30D-CBM35 to different xylans was analyzed by affinity gel electrophoresis. Some binding was observed with rye glucuronoarabinoxylan in presence of calcium chelating EDTA, which would indicate that Xyn30D-CBM35 might establish interaction to other components of xylan, such as arabinose decorations of glucuronoarabinoxylan. A role in depolymerization of highly substituted chemically complex xylans is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Sainz-Polo
- From the Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain and
| | - Susana Valeria Valenzuela
- the Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- From the Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain and
| | - F I Javier Pastor
- the Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- From the Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain and
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24
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Unusual carboxylesterase bearing a GGG(A)X-type oxyanion hole discovered in Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23. Biochimie 2014; 104:108-16. [PMID: 24929101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Strain Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23, previously isolated from Ebro's river delta (Spain), bears a complex hydrolytic system showing the presence of at least two enzymes with activity on lipidic substrates. EstA, a cell-bound B-type carboxylesterase from the strain was previously isolated and characterized. The gene coding for a second putative lipase, located upstream cellulase Cel5A, was obtained using a genome walking strategy and cloned in Escherichia coli for further characterization. The recombinant clone obtained displayed high activity on medium/short-chain fatty acid-derivative substrates. The enzyme, named Est23, was purified and characterized, showing maximum activity on pNP-caprylate (C8:0) or MUF-heptanoate (C7:0) under conditions of moderate temperature and pH. Although Est23 displays a GGG(A)X-type oxyanion hole, described as an important motif for tertiary alcohol ester resolution, neither conversion nor enantiomeric resolution of tertiary alcohols could be detected. Amino acid sequence alignment of Est23 with those of known bacterial lipase families and with closely related proteins suggests that the cloned enzyme does not belong to any of the described bacterial lipase families. A phylogenetic tree including Est23 and similar amino acid sequences showed that the enzyme belongs to a differentiated sequence cluster which probably constitutes a new family of bacterial lipolytic enzymes.
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25
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Valenzuela SV, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ. Xyn11E from Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23: a LppX-chaperone-dependent xylanase with potential for upgrading paper pulps. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5949-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Guo S, Liu D, Zhao X, Li C, Guo Y. Xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet improved nutrient digestion and mRNA expression of intestinal nutrient transporters in broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:94-103. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Song HY, Lim HK, Kim DR, Lee KI, Hwang IT. A new bi-modular endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from whole genome sequence of Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 54:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Liu D, Guo S, Guo Y. Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:291-8. [PMID: 22702457 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.684089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effects of xylanase on the intestinal mucosal barrier in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens in a 21-day experiment. A total of 336 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to four treatment groups. A 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of enzyme addition (with or without xylanase 5500 U/kg wheat-based diet), pathogen challenge (with or without C. perfringens challenge), and their interactions. Most C. perfringens-challenged birds had a congested mucosa and focal haemorrhagic lesions in the jejunum. Xylanase addition tended to reduce (P=0.09) the intestinal lesion score in the challenged birds. C. perfringens challenge resulted in decreased villus height/crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Xylanase supplementation significantly increased this ratio in the jejunum (P<0.05) and also had the tendency to decrease crypt depth (P=0.065) and increase this ratio in the ileum (P=0.087). Xylanase addition significantly decreased the plasma endotoxin levels of the birds challenged with C. perfringens (P<0.05). Occludin mRNA expression in the jejunum and ileum was significantly decreased by C. perfringens challenge (P<0.05), but xylanase addition significantly increased its expression in the ileum. Xylanase supplementation also significantly increased MUC2 mRNA expression in the ileum (P<0.05). C. perfringens challenge resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic index in all three intestinal segments (P<0.05), but xylanase supplementation obviously decreased apoptotic index in the ileum (P<0.05). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation could alleviate the impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier induced by C. perfringens challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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29
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Peng F, Peng P, Xu F, Sun RC. Fractional purification and bioconversion of hemicelluloses. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:879-903. [PMID: 22306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Modular glucuronoxylan-specific xylanase with a family CBM35 carbohydrate-binding module. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3923-31. [PMID: 22447606 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07932-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyn30D from the xylanolytic strain Paenibacillus barcinonensis has been identified and characterized. The enzyme shows a modular structure comprising a catalytic module family 30 (GH30) and a carbohydrate-binding module family 35 (CBM35). Like GH30 xylanases, recombinant Xyn30D efficiently hydrolyzed glucuronoxylans and methyl-glucuronic acid branched xylooligosaccharides but showed no catalytic activity on arabinose-substituted xylans. Kinetic parameters of Xyn30D were determined on beechwood xylan, showing a K(m) of 14.72 mg/ml and a k(cat) value of 1,510 min(-1). The multidomain structure of Xyn30D clearly distinguishes it from the GH30 xylanases characterized to date, which are single-domain enzymes. The modules of the enzyme were individually expressed in a recombinant host and characterized. The isolated GH30 catalytic module showed specific activity, mode of action on xylan, and kinetic parameters that were similar to those of the full-length enzyme. Computer modeling of the three-dimensional structure of Xyn30D showed that the catalytic module is comprised of a common (β/α)(8) barrel linked to a side-associated β-structure. Several derivatives of the catalytic module with decreasing deletions of this associated structure were constructed. None of them showed catalytic activity, indicating the importance of the side β-structure in the catalysis of Xyn30D. Binding properties of the isolated carbohydrate-binding module were analyzed by affinity gel electrophoresis, which showed that the CBM35 of the enzyme binds to soluble glucuronoxylans and arabinoxylans. Analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry showed that CBM35 binds to glucuronic acid and requires calcium ions for binding. Occurrence of a CBM35 in a glucuronoxylan-specific xylanase is a differential trait of the enzyme characterized.
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31
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Chen YP, Hwang IE, Lin CJ, Wang HJ, Tseng CP. Enhancing the stability of xylanase from Cellulomonas fimi by cell-surface display on Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:455-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Direct ethanol production from hemicellulosic materials of rice straw by use of an engineered yeast strain codisplaying three types of hemicellulolytic enzymes on the surface of xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. J Biotechnol 2011; 158:203-10. [PMID: 21741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cost of the lignocellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes used in the saccharification process of ethanol production from biomass accounts for a relatively high proportion of total processing costs. Cell surface engineering technology has facilitated a reduction in these costs by integrating saccharification and fermentation processes into a recombinant microbe strain expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. We constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae that not only hydrolyzed hemicelluloses by codisplaying endoxylanase from Trichoderma reesei, β-xylosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, and β-glucosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus but that also assimilated xylose through the expression of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from Pichia stipitis and xylulokinase from S. cerevisiae. The recombinant strain successfully produced ethanol from rice straw hydrolysate consisting of hemicellulosic material containing xylan, xylooligosaccharides, and cellooligosaccharides without requiring the addition of sugar-hydrolyzing enzymes or detoxication. The ethanol titer of the strain was 8.2g/l after 72h fermentation, which was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that of the control strain. The yield (grams of ethanol per gram of total sugars in rice straw hydrolysate consumed) was 0.41g/g, which corresponded to 82% of the theoretical yield. The cell surface-engineered strain was thus highly effective for consolidating the process of ethanol production from hemicellulosic materials.
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Characterization of a family GH5 xylanase with activity on neutral oligosaccharides and evaluation as a pulp bleaching aid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6290-4. [PMID: 20656870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00871-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for methyl-glucuronic acid side chains for catalysis. The enzyme was evaluated on Eucalyptus kraft pulp, showing its effectiveness as a bleaching aid.
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