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Nadigar S, Gattu R, Ramesh S, Dharmappa RN, Nanjundaswamy VK, Ramesh S. A novel class of potent antiangiogenic and antioxidant pyrazoles: synthesis, bioactivity, docking and ADMET studies. Future Med Chem 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39263822 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2394020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Angiogenesis is the hallmark of cancer progression driven by VEGF/VEGFR-2 signalling pathway, inhibition of which could be a solution to tackle the progression of tumour cells and thus arresting their growth.Materials & methods: A novel class of pyrazoles was synthesized using arginine and dibromo ketones. Antiangiogenic activity was performed by in vivo yolk sac method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Docking studies were performed to determine the pyrazoles' binding potential with VEGFR-2 receptor and VEGF tyrosine kinase. ADMET properties were calculated using SwissADME and admetSAR for drug-likeness.Results: Compounds 5a-e showed significant antiangiogenic effects. Compound 5f exhibited effective hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Docking results confirmed the potential binding efficiency with VEGFR-2 receptor over VEGF tyrosine kinase, thus, functioning as competitive-inhibitors. ADMET studies revealed that the compounds possess favourable drug-like qualities.Conclusion: This study presents a novel class of pyrazoles as promising antioxidant and antiangiogenic agents with favourable drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddaram Nadigar
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha N Dharmappa
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijendra Kumar Nanjundaswamy
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science (a recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru-25, Karnataka, India
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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Lee HS. Confirmation of the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of fenvalerate following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines, and its estrogen receptor α-dependent effects on lipid accumulation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109955. [PMID: 38844189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on confirming the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine-disrupting potential of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate and unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed estrogen receptor-α (ERα)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated responses in vitro using a hormone response element-dependent transcription activation assay with a luciferase reporter following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. We observed that fenvalerate acted as estrogen by inducing the translocation of cytosolic ERα to the nucleus via ERα dimerization, whereas it exhibited no AR-mediated androgen response element-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that fenvalerate-induced activation of ERα caused lipid accumulation, promoted in a fenvalerate-dependent manner in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fenvalerate-induced lipid accumulation was inhibited in the presence of an ERα-selective antagonist, whereas it remained unaffected in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-specific inhibitor. In addition, fenvalerate was found to stimulate the expression of transcription factors that promote lipid accumulation in 3 T1-L1 adipocytes, and co-treatment with an ERα-selective antagonist suppressed adipogenic/ lipogenic transcription factors at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that fenvalerate exposure may lead to lipid accumulation by interfering with ERα activation-dependent processes, thus causing an ERα-mediated endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Carter JS, Costa CC, Lewandowski SI, Nelson KH, Goldsmith ST, Scofield MD, Reichel CM. Estrogen receptor beta signaling enhances extinction memory recall for heroin-conditioned cues in a sex- and region-specific manner. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:283. [PMID: 38997258 PMCID: PMC11245532 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Return to use, or relapse, is a major challenge in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Relapse can be precipitated by several factors, including exposure to drug-conditioned cues. Identifying successful treatments to mitigate cue-induced relapse has been challenging, perhaps due to extinction memory recall (EMR) deficits. Previously, inhibition of estradiol (E2) signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) impaired heroin-cue EMR. This effect was recapitulated by antagonism of BLA estrogen receptors (ER) in a sex-specific manner such that blocking ERα in males, but ERβ in females, impaired EMR. However, it is unclear whether increased E2 signaling, in the BLA or systemically, enhances heroin-cue EMR. We hypothesized that ERβ agonism would enhance heroin-cue EMR in a sex- and region-specific manner. To determine the capacity of E2 signaling to improve EMR, we pharmacologically manipulated ERβ across several translationally designed experiments. First, male and female rats acquired heroin or sucrose self-administration. Next, during a cued extinction session, we administered diarylpropionitrile (DPN, an ERβ agonist) and tested anxiety-like behavior on an open field. Subsequently, we assessed EMR in a cue-induced reinstatement test and, finally, measured ERβ expression in several brain regions. Across all experiments, females took more heroin and sucrose than males and had greater responses during heroin-cued extinction. Administration of DPN in the BLA enhanced EMR in females only, driven by ERβ's impacts on memory consolidation. Interestingly, however, systemic DPN administration improved EMR for heroin cues in both sexes across several different tests, but did not impact sucrose-cue EMR. Immunohistochemical analysis of ERβ expression across several different brain regions showed that females only had greater expression of ERβ in the basal nucleus of the BLA. Here, in several preclinical experiments, we demonstrated that ERβ agonism enhances heroin-cue EMR and has potential utility in combatting cue-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Caitlyn C Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Stacia I Lewandowski
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Katharine H Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sarah T Goldsmith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Carmela M Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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4
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Cheng JN, Frye JB, Whitman SA, Ehsani S, Ali S, Funk JL. Interrogating Estrogen Signaling Pathways in Human ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Forming Bone Metastases in Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae038. [PMID: 38715255 PMCID: PMC11076418 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer bone metastases (BMET) are incurable, primarily osteolytic, and occur most commonly in estrogen receptor-α positive (ER+) breast cancer. ER+ human breast cancer BMET modeling in mice has demonstrated an estrogen (E2)-dependent increase in tumor-associated osteolysis and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, independent of estrogenic effects on tumor proliferation or bone turnover, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between tumoral ERα-driven osteolysis and ER+ bone progression. To explore this question, inducible secretion of the osteolytic factor, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), was utilized as an in vitro screening bioassay to query the osteolytic potential of estrogen receptor- and signaling pathway-specific ligands in BMET-forming ER+ human breast cancer cells expressing ERα, ERß, and G protein-coupled ER. After identifying genomic ERα signaling, also responsibility for estrogen's proliferative effects, as necessary and sufficient for osteolytic PTHrP secretion, in vivo effects of a genomic-only ER agonist, estetrol (E4), on osteolytic ER+ BMET progression were examined. Surprisingly, while pharmacologic effects of E4 on estrogen-dependent tissues, including bone, were evident, E4 did not support osteolytic BMET progression (vs robust E2 effects), suggesting an important role for nongenomic ER signaling in ER+ metastatic progression at this site. Because bone effects of E4 did not completely recapitulate those of E2, the relative importance of nongenomic ER signaling in tumor vs bone cannot be ascertained here. Nonetheless, these intriguing findings suggest that targeted manipulation of estrogen signaling to mitigate ER+ metastatic progression in bone may require a nuanced approach, considering genomic and nongenomic effects of ER signaling on both sides of the tumor/bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Cheng
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jennifer B Frye
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 86724, USA
| | - Susan A Whitman
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 86724, USA
| | - Sima Ehsani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 86724, USA
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 86724, USA
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Macheroni C, Leite GGF, Souza DS, Vicente CM, Lacerda JT, Moraes MN, Juliano MA, Porto CS. Activation of estrogen receptor induces differential proteomic responses mainly involving migration, invasion, and tumor development pathways in human testicular embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106443. [PMID: 38092129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the global changes on proteome of human testicular embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), and the effects of this hormone on migration, invasion, and colony formation of these cells. A quantitative proteomic analysis identified the presence of 1230 proteins in both E2-treated and control cells. The analysis revealed 75 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), out of which 43 proteins displayed a higher abundance and, 30 proteins showed a lower abundance in E2-treated NT2/D1 cancer cells. Functional analysis using IPA highlighted some activation processes such as migration, invasion, metastasis, and tumor growth. Interestingly, the treatment with E2 and ERβ-selective agonist DPN increased the migration of NT2/D1 cells. On the other hand, ERα-selective agonist PPT did not modify cell migration, indicating that ERβ is the upstream receptor involved in this process. The activation of ERβ increased the invasion and anchorage‑independent growth of NT2/D1 cells more intensely than ERα. ERα and ERβ may play overlapping roles on invasion and colony formation of these cells. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanism underlying these effects. The molecular mechanisms revealed by proteomic and functional studies might also guide the development of potential targets for a better understanding of the biology of these cells and novel treatments for non-seminoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Macheroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Gianini Figueirêdo Leite
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Deborah Simão Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Carolina Meloni Vicente
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Conceição 515, Diadema, São Paulo, SP, 09920-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Catarina Segreti Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil.
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Jung DW, Jeong DH, Lee HS. Stimulation of estrogen receptor-alpha by hydroxyanilide fungicide, fenhexamid promotes lipid accumulation in 3 T3-L1 adipocyte. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105757. [PMID: 38458660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fenhexamid are fungicides that act against plant pathogens by inhibiting sterol biosynthesis. Nonetheless, it can trigger endocrine disruption and promote breast cancer cell growth. In a recent study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the lipid accumulation induced by fenhexamid hydroxyanilide fungicides in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. To examine the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-agonistic effect, ER transactivation assay using the ERα-HeLa-9903 cell line was applied, and fenhexamid-induced ERα agonist effect was confirmed. Further confirmation that ERα-dependent lipid accumulation occurred was provided by treating 3 T3-L1 adipocytes with Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole hydrate (MPP), an ERα-selective antagonist. Fenhexamid mimicked the actions of ERα agonists and impacted lipid metabolism, and its mechanism involves upregulation of the expression of transcription factors that facilitate adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Additionally, it stimulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and significantly elevated the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). In contrast, in combination with an ERα-selective antagonist, fenhexamid suppressed the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic transcription factors. These results suggest that fenhexamid affects the endocrine system and leads to lipid accumulation by interfering with processes influenced by ERα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Khator R, Monga V. Recent advances in the synthesis and medicinal perspective of pyrazole-based α-amylase inhibitors as antidiabetic agents. Future Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38230638 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious health threat across the globe, claiming millions of lives worldwide. Among the various strategies employed, inhibition of α-amylase is a therapeutic protocol for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. α-Amylase is a crucial enzyme involved in the breakdown of dietary starch into simpler units. However, the clinically used α-amylase inhibitors have various drawbacks. Therefore, design and development of novel α-amylase inhibitors have gained significant attention. The pyrazole motif has been identified as a versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry, and recent studies have led to the identification of various pyrazole-based α-amylase inhibitors. This review compiles therapeutic implications of pyrazole-appended α-amylase inhibitors; their synthesis, biological activities, structure-activity relationships and molecular docking studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Khator
- Drug Design & Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Drug Design & Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Youngblood H, Schoenlein PV, Pasquale LR, Stamer WD, Liu Y. Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109725. [PMID: 37956940 PMCID: PMC10842791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Of the major risk factors for glaucoma (age, ocular hypertension, and genetics), only elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is modifiable, which is largely regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been known to elevate IOP and lead to glaucoma. However, several recent studies have reported that steroid hormone estrogen levels inversely correlate with glaucoma risk, and that variants in estrogen signaling genes have been associated with glaucoma. As a result, estrogen dysregulation may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis, and estrogen signaling may protect against glaucoma. The mechanism for estrogen-related protection against glaucoma is not completely understood but likely involves both regulation of IOP homeostasis and neuroprotection of RGCs. Based upon its known activities, estrogen signaling may promote IOP homeostasis by affecting extracellular matrix turnover, focal adhesion assembly, actin stress fiber formation, mechanosensation, and nitric oxide production. In addition, estrogen receptors in the RGCs may mediate neuroprotective functions. As a result, the estrogen signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic target for both IOP control and neuroprotection. This review examines the evidence for a relationship between estrogen and IOP and explores the possible mechanisms by which estrogen maintains IOP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia V Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Šestić TL, Ajduković JJ, Bekić SS, Ćelić AS, Stojanović ST, Najman SJ, Marinović MA, Petri ET, Škorić DĐ, Savić MP. Novel D-modified heterocyclic androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in silico studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106362. [PMID: 37451557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health concern worldwide. The most frequently diagnosed types of cancer are caused by abnormal production or action of steroid hormones. In the present study, the synthesis and structural characterization of new heterocyclic androstane derivatives with D-homo lactone, 17α-(pyridine-2''-ylmethyl) or 17(E)-(pyridine-2''-ylmethylidene) moiety are presented. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cell line and non-cancerous kidney MDCK cells, where A-homo lactam compound 9A showed the greatest selectivity. Based on in vitro binding assays, N-formyl lactam compound 18 appeared to be the strong and isoform-selective ligand for ERα, while compound 9A displayed binding affinity for the GR-LBD, but also inhibited aldo-keto reductase 1C4 enzyme. Out of four selected compounds, methylpyrazolo derivative 13 showed potential for aromatase binding, while in silico studies provided insight into experimentally confirmed protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Lj Šestić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana J Ajduković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Sofija S Bekić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andjelka S Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja T Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Stevo J Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja A Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Đ Škorić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina P Savić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Arjmand S, Bender D, Jakobsen S, Wegener G, Landau AM. Peering into the Brain's Estrogen Receptors: PET Tracers for Visualization of Nuclear and Extranuclear Estrogen Receptors in Brain Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1405. [PMID: 37759805 PMCID: PMC10526964 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) play a multitude of roles in brain function and are implicated in various brain disorders. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for the visualization of ERs' intricate landscape has shown promise in oncology but remains limited in the context of brain disorders. Despite recent progress in the identification and development of more selective ligands for various ERs subtypes, further optimization is necessary to enable the reliable and efficient imaging of these receptors. In this perspective, we briefly touch upon the significance of estrogen signaling in the brain and raise the setbacks associated with the development of PET tracers for identification of specific ERs subtypes in the brain. We then propose avenues for developing efficient PET tracers to non-invasively study the dynamics of ERs in the brain, as well as neuropsychiatric diseases associated with their malfunction in a longitudinal manner. This perspective puts several potential candidates on the table and highlights the unmet needs and areas requiring further research to unlock the full potential of PET tracers for ERs imaging, ultimately aiding in deepening our understanding of ERs and forging new avenues for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Arjmand
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anne M. Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.B.); (S.J.)
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Prossnitz ER, Barton M. The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023:10.1038/s41574-023-00822-7. [PMID: 37193881 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogens and their receptors contribute broadly to physiology and diseases. In premenopausal women, endogenous oestrogens protect against cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases and are involved in hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast cancer. Oestrogens and oestrogen mimetics mediate their effects via the cytosolic and nuclear receptors oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) and oestrogen receptor-β (ERβ) and membrane subpopulations as well as the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER). GPER, which dates back more than 450 million years in evolution, mediates both rapid signalling and transcriptional regulation. Oestrogen mimetics (such as phytooestrogens and xenooestrogens including endocrine disruptors) and licensed drugs such as selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and downregulators (SERDs) also modulate oestrogen receptor activity in both health and disease. Following up on our previous Review of 2011, we herein summarize the progress made in the field of GPER research over the past decade. We will review molecular, cellular and pharmacological aspects of GPER signalling and function, its contribution to physiology, health and disease, and the potential of GPER to serve as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator of numerous diseases. We also discuss the first clinical trial evaluating a GPER-selective drug and the opportunity of repurposing licensed drugs for the targeting of GPER in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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13
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Vijeyakumaran M, Jawhri MA, Fortunato J, Solomon L, Shrestha Palikhe N, Vliagoftis H, Cameron L. Dual activation of estrogen receptor alpha and glucocorticoid receptor upregulate CRTh2-mediated type 2 inflammation; mechanism driving asthma severity in women? Allergy 2023; 78:767-779. [PMID: 36207765 DOI: 10.1111/all.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2-high asthma is characterized by elevated levels of circulating Th2 cells and eosinophils, cells that express chemoattractant-homologous receptor expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2). Severe asthma is more common in women than men; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here we examined whether the relationship between severe asthma and type 2 inflammation differs by sex and if estrogen influences Th2 cell response to glucocorticoid (GC). METHODS Type 2 inflammation and the proportion of blood Th2 cells (CD4+ CRTh2+ ) were assessed in whole blood from subjects with asthma (n = 66). The effects of GC and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist on in vitro differentiated Th2 cells were examined. Expression of CRTh2, type 2 cytokines and degree of apoptosis (Annexin V+ , 7-AAD) were determined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. RESULTS In severe asthma, the proportion of circulating Th2 cells and hospitalizations were higher in women than men. Women with severe asthma also had more Th2 cells and serum IL-13 than women with mild/moderate asthma. Th2 cells, eosinophils and CRTh2 mRNA correlated with clinical characteristics associated with asthma control in women but not men. In vitro, GC and ERα agonist treated Th2 cells exhibited less apoptosis, more CRTh2 as well as IL-5 and IL-13 following CRTh2 activation than Th2 cells treated with GC alone. CONCLUSION Women with severe asthma had higher levels of circulating Th2 cells than men, which may be due to estrogen modifying the effects of GC, enhancing Th2 cell survival and type 2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerah Vijeyakumaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - MohdWessam Al Jawhri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna Fortunato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Solomon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Marrakkur V, Sarojini B, Madar M, Dhanur SH, Sridhara T, Raj CGD, Pavankumar H, Savanur HM, Shetty VR, Naik L. Computational and Experimental Investigation on Biological and Photophysical Properties of High Yielded Novel Aryl-Substituted Pyrazolone Analogue. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Hioki T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tokuda H, Kozawa O. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, acting as agonists of estrogen receptor α in osteoblasts, reduce the TGF-β-induced synthesis of macrophage colony-stimulating factor via inhibition of JNK signaling pathway. Biomed Res 2022; 43:211-221. [PMID: 36517023 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) binds to estrogen receptors (ERs) and acts as both an agonist or an antagonist, depending on the target tissue. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene as SERMs are currently used hormone replacement medicines for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) secreted from osteoblasts promotes osteoclastogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces the synthesis of M-CSF via SMAD2/3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p44/p42 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether SERM affects the M-CSF synthesis by TGF-β in MC3T3-E1 cells. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene significantly suppressed the synthesis of M-CSF. PPT, an ERα agonist, but not ERB041, an ERβ agonist, inhibited the release of M-CSF. MPP, an ERα antagonist, reversed the suppression by raloxifene of the M-CSF release. Raloxifene attenuated the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of JNK but not SMAD3, p42 MAPK and p38 MAPK. Bazedoxifene and PPT also inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. Furthermore, MPP, an ERα antagonist, reversed the suppression by both raloxifene and bazedoxifene of the phosphorylation of JNK. Our results strongly indicate that raloxifene and bazedoxifene, SERMs, suppress the TGF-β-induced synthesis of M-CSF through ERα-mediated inhibition of JNK pathway in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Dermatology, Central Japan International Medical Center
| | | | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology.,Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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Regioselective synthesis of 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives from hex-1-en-3-uloses. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Ryu I, Fukuyama T, Baptiste P, Kuwahara T. RuH‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl Ketones via Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Enones with Aromatic Aldehydes and Mechanistic Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Efficient synthesis of celecoxib and pyrazole derivatives on heterogeneous Ga-MCM-41-SO3H catalyst under mild condition. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Lusardi M, Profumo A, Rotolo C, Iervasi E, Rosano C, Spallarossa A, Ponassi M. Regioselective Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Tetra-Substituted Phenylaminopyrazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185814. [PMID: 36144549 PMCID: PMC9502416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of highly functionalized phenylaminopyrazoles, bearing different substituents at position 1, 3, and 4 of the pyrazole ring, was prepared by the one-pot condensation of active methylene reagents, phenylisothiocyanate, and substituted hydrazine (namely, methyl- and benzyl-hydrazine). The identified reaction conditions proved to be versatile and efficient. Furthermore, the evaluation of alternative stepwise protocols affected the chemo- and regio-selectivity outcome of the one-pot procedure. The chemical identities of two N-methyl pyrazole isomers, selected as prototypes of the whole series, were unambiguously identified by means of NMR and mass spectrometry studies. Additionally, semiempirical calculations provided a structural rationale for the different chromatographic behavior of the two isomers. The prepared tetra-substituted phenylaminopyrazoles were tested in cell-based assays on a panel of cancer and normal cell lines. The tested compounds did not show any cytotoxic effect on the selected cell lines, thus supporting their pharmaceutical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Profumo
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rotolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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20
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Costa AJ, Oliveira RB, Wachilewski P, Nishino MS, Bassani TB, Stilhano RS, Cerutti JM, Nozima B, Porto CS, Pereira GJDS, Ramirez AL, Smaili SS, Ureshino RP. Membrane estrogen receptor ERα activation improves tau clearance via autophagy induction in a tauopathy cell model. Brain Res 2022; 1795:148079. [PMID: 36088959 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent aging-associated neurodegenerative disease, with a higher incidence in women than men. There is evidence that sex hormone replacement therapy, particularly estrogen, reduces memory loss in menopausal women. Neurofibrillary tangles are associated with tau protein aggregation, a characteristic of AD and other tauopathies. In this sense, autophagy is a promising cellular process to remove these protein aggregates. This study evaluated the autophagy mechanisms involved in neuroprotection induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) in a Tet-On inducible expression tauopathy cell model (EGFP-tau WT or with the P301L mutation, 0N4R isoform). The results indicated that 17β-estradiol induces autophagy by activating AMPK in a concentration-dependent manner, independent of mTOR signals. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist, PPT, also induced autophagy, while the ERα antagonist, MPP, substantially attenuated the 17β-estradiol-mediated autophagy induction. Notably, 17β-estradiol increased LC3-II levels and phosphorylated and total tau protein clearance in the EGFP-tau WT cell line but not in EGPF-tau P301L. Similar results were observed with E2-BSA, a plasma membrane-impermeable estrogen, suggesting membrane ERα involvement in non-genomic estrogenic pathway activation. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol-induced autophagy led to EGFP-tau protein clearance. These results demonstrate that modulating autophagy via the estrogenic pathway may represent a new therapeutic target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Jardim Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Brito Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Wachilewski
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Sayuri Nishino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taysa Bervian Bassani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nozima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Segreti Porto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Dwari S, Nath PP, Jana CK. Ring Opening of Pyrrolinium Ions Enabled Regioselective Synthesis of 4-Alkyl N-Arylpyrazoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11947-11957. [PMID: 36069722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented method for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3-diaryl 4-alkyl pyrazoles has been reported. A wide variety of 1,3-diaryl 4-alkyl pyrazoles were synthesized as a single regioisomer via a ring-opening cyclization reaction of unsaturated pyrrolinium ions in the presence of arylhydrazines. This method avoids using additional alkylation steps and hazardous oxidants that generally are essential for the synthesis of 4-alkyl N-arylpyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Dwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Partha Partim Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Chandan K Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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22
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Tiwari MK, Iqubal A, Das P. Intramolecular oxidative C–N bond formation under metal-free conditions: One-pot global functionalization of pyrazole ring. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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23
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Wang L, Cen S, Shi X, Zhang H, Wu L, Tian X, Ma W, Li X, Ma X. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Esr1 and Esr2 in gonads of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 222:106147. [PMID: 35714971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens and their receptors play crucial roles in regulating the gonadal development of vertebrates. To clarify the roles of estrogen receptors in the gonadal development of turtles, estrogen receptors (Esr1 and Esr2) in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) were identified and characterized, and their function in gonads was investigated by intraperitoneal injection of agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN), and antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI). Ps-Esr1 encoded a 588 amino acid protein and Ps-Esr2 encoded a 556 amino acid protein. The two receptors contained classic domains, including the DNA-binding domain and ligand-binding domain, and amino acid sequences showed high homology with other turtles. Ps-Esr1 showed the highest expression in the testis, followed by the ovary and liver. However, Ps-Esr2 showed the highest expression in the ovary, followed by the brain and testis. Ps-Esr1 expression showed an up-regulation trend in gonadal differentiation. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the number of follicles increased in female juvenile turtles treated with DPN or PPT. In addition, Tsc2, GnRH, and Fshβ were up-regulated in ovaries of turtles treated with agonists, while Sycp3 and Picalm were up-regulated in testes of turtles treated with agonists. Treatment with the antagonist decreased the number of sperm in matured turtles. Stra8, Scyp3, Dmc1, Picalm, Evl, Boule, and Cdk1 were up-regulated in testis after antagonist treatment. The results indicated that Esr1 might play an important role in gonadal differentiation, and the two estrogen receptors might be involved in the spermatogenesis of the turtle. These results could provide a reference for further research on the function of the estrogen signal in male vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Cen
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xi Shi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xue Tian
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Wenge Ma
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Macheroni C, Gameiro Lucas TF, Souza DS, Vicente CM, Pereira GJDS, Junior IDSV, Juliano MA, Porto CS. Activation of estrogen receptor ESR1 and ESR2 induces proliferation of the human testicular embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 554:111708. [PMID: 35792284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of the classic estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, the splicing variant ESR1-36 and GPER in human testicular embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells, and the effects of the activation of the ESR1 and ESR2 on cell proliferation. Immunostaining of ESR1, ESR2, and GPER were predominantly found in the nuclei, and less abundant in the cytoplasm. ESR1-36 isoform was predominantly expressed in the perinuclear region and cytoplasm, and some weakly immunostained in the nuclei. In nonstimulated NT2/D1 cells (control), proteins of the cell cycle CCND1, CCND2, CCNE1 and CDKN1B are present. Activation of ESR1 and ESR2 increases, respectively, CCND2 and CCNE1 expression, but not CCND1. Activation of ESR2 also mediates upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1B. This protein co-immunoprecipitated with CCND2. Also, E2 induces an increase in the number and viability of the NT2/D1 cells. These effects are blocked by simultaneous pretreatment with ESR1-and ESR2-selective antagonists, confirming that both estrogen receptors regulate NT2/D1 cell proliferation. In addition, E2 increases SRC phosphorylation, and SRC mediates cell proliferation. Our study provides novel insights into the signatures and molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor in NT2/D1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Macheroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fabiana Gameiro Lucas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Deborah Simão Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Carolina Meloni Vicente
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Catarina Segreti Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Synthesis and Evaluation of (1,4-Disubstituted)-1,2,3-triazoles as Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonists. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) are nuclear hormone receptors which are responsible for sex hormone signaling in women. A series of (1,4-disubstituted)-1,2,3-triazoles 5–21 were prepared by reaction of azidophenols with terminal alkynes under Fokin reaction conditions. The products were purified by column chromatography or recrystallization and characterized by NMR and HRMS. The compounds were tested for binding to ERβ via a ligand displacement assay, and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-α-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-ethanol (21) was found to be the most potent analog (EC50 = 1.59 μM). Molecular docking of 5–21 within the ligand binding pocket of ERβ (pdb 2jj3) was performed and the docking scores exhibited a general qualitative trend consistent with the measured EC50 values.
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Henriques PC, Aquino NSS, Campideli-Santana AC, Silva JF, Araujo-Lopes R, Franci CR, Coimbra CC, Szawka RE. Hypothalamic Expression of Estrogen Receptor Isoforms Underlies Estradiol Control of Luteinizing Hormone in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6631316. [PMID: 35789268 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the ovarian cycle is governed by fluctuations in circulating estradiol (E2) that oppositely regulate kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. However, how these effects are orchestrated to achieve fertility is unknown. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that AVPV and ARC neurons have different sensitivities to E2 to coordinate changes in LH secretion. Cycling and ovariectomized rats with low and high E2 levels were used. As an index of E2 responsiveness, progesterone receptor (PR) was expressed only in the AVPV of rats with high E2, showing the preovulatory LH surge. On the other hand, kisspeptin neurons in the ARC responded to low E2 levels sufficient to suppress LH release. Notably, the Esr1/Esr2 ratio of gene expression was higher in the ARC than AVPV, regardless of E2 levels. Accordingly, the selective pharmacological activation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) required lower doses to induce PR in the ARC. The activation of ERβ, in turn, amplified E2-induced PR expression in the AVPV and the LH surge. Thus, ARC and AVPV neurons are differently responsive to E2. Lower E2 levels activate ERα in the ARC, whereas ERβ potentiates the E2 positive feedback in the AVPV, which appears related to the differential Esr1/Esr2 ratio in these 2 brain areas. Our findings provide evidence that the distinct expression of ER isoforms in the AVPV and ARC plays a key role in the control of periodic secretion of LH required for fertility in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Henriques
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara S S Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Campideli-Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo F Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araujo-Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso R Franci
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, 14049-900, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Candido C Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Poirier AA, Côté M, Bourque M, Jarras H, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Morissette M, Paolo TD, Soulet D. DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS TO THE INTESTINAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF 17β-ESTRADIOL IN A MURINE MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:85-97. [PMID: 35781029 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of estrogens have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) for many years. We previously reported their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potentials in the enteric nervous system of the intestine, a region possibly affected during the early stages of the disease according to Braak's hypothesis. Three different estrogen receptors have been characterized to date: the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and the G protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The aim of the present study was to decipher the individual contribution of each estrogen receptor to the therapeutic properties of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the myenteric plexus of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. Different agonists, 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT; ERα), 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN; ERβ), G1 (GPER1), and antagonists, ICI 182,780 (ERα and ERβ), G15 (GPER1), were used to analyze the involvement of each receptor. We confirmed that G1 protects dopamine (DA) neurons to a similar extent as E2. An anti-inflammatory effect on proinflammatory macrophages and cultured human monocytes was also demonstrated with E2 and G1. The effects of PPT and DPN were less potent than G1 with only a partial neuroprotection of DA neurons by PPT and a partial reduction of interleukin (IL)-1β production in monocytes by PPT and DPN. Overall, the present results indicate that the positive outcomes of estrogens are mainly through activation of GPER1. Therefore, this suggests that targeting GPER1 could be a promising approach for future estrogen-based hormone therapies during early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Côté
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hend Jarras
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Fabitha K, Chandrakanth M, Pramod RN, Arya CG, Li Y, Banothu J. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Indole‐Pyrazole Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fabitha
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Munugala Chandrakanth
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Rakendu N. Pramod
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - C. G. Arya
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 United States
| | - Janardhan Banothu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
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Lacouture A, Lafront C, Peillex C, Pelletier M, Audet-Walsh É. Impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on prostate function and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112085. [PMID: 34562481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their historical mode of action, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with sex-steroid receptors, namely the two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the androgen receptor (AR). Broadly, EDCs can modulate sex-steroid receptor functions. They can also indirectly impact the androgen and estrogen pathways by influencing steroidogenesis, expression of AR or ERs, and their respective activity as transcription factors. Additionally, many of these chemicals have multiple cellular targets other than sex-steroid receptors, which results in a myriad of potential effects in humans. The current article reviews the association between prostate cancer and the endocrine-disrupting functions of four prominent EDC families: bisphenols, phthalates, phytoestrogens, and mycoestrogens. Results from both in vitro and in vivo models are included and discussed to better assess the molecular mechanisms by which EDCs can modify prostate biology. To overcome the heterogeneity of results published, we established common guidelines to properly study EDCs in the context of endocrine diseases. Firstly, the expression of sex-steroid receptors in the models used must be determined before testing. Then, in parallel to EDCs, pharmacological compounds acting as positive (agonists) and negative controls (antagonists) have to be employed. Finally, EDCs need to be used in a precise range of concentrations to modulate sex-steroid receptors and avoid off-target effects. By adequately integrating molecular endocrinology aspects in EDC studies and identifying their underlying molecular mechanisms, we will truly understand their impact on prostate cancer and distinguish those that favor the progression of the disease from those that slow down tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lacouture
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Lafront
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Cindy Peillex
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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Xiao Y, Chen D. ERα, but not ERβ and GPER, Mediates Estradiol-Induced Secretion of TSH in Mouse Pituitary. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2492-2502. [PMID: 35138554 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although estradiol (E2) plays a critical role in the promotion of pituitary development and in the regulation of various pituitary hormones, its effects on the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) remain unaddressed. The actions of E2 are mediated by two classical nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). However, the types of estrogen receptor involvement in the regulation of thyrotropes are still limited. In this study, we demonstrate that ERα, but not ERβ and GPER, is localized to thyrotropes in the pituitary of female mouse. In agreement with the presence of ERα in thyrotropes, E2 was shown to stimulate TSH release in vitro from primary culture of female mouse pituitary cells. PPT, a ERα-selective agonist, but not DPN (a ERβ-selective agonist) and G-1 (a GPER-selective agonist), was shown to stimulate TSH release in mouse pituitary cells. This effect could be prevented by the specific ER antagonist fulvestrant and the selective ERα antagonist MPP. The findings of this study suggest that E2 may bind to ERα to trigger TSH release and provide novel information on the differential regulation of multiple estrogen receptors in the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518000, Shenzhen, China.
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Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Yamada N, Hattori Y, Hosokawa Y, Tachi J, Hori T, Kozawa O. SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulator), acting as estrogen receptor β agonists in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, inhibit the transforming growth factor-α-induced migration via specific inhibition of AKT signaling pathway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262485. [PMID: 35007301 PMCID: PMC8746762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) interacts with estrogen receptors and acts as both an agonist or an antagonist, depending on the target tissue. SERM is widely used as a safer hormone replacement therapeutic medicine for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accumulating evidence indicates gender differences in the development, and that men are at higher morbidity risk than premenopausal women, suggesting that estrogen protects against HCC. However, it remains unclear whether SERM affects the HCC progression. Previously, we have shown that transforming growth factor (TGF)-α promotes the migration of HCC cells via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and AKT. In the present study, we investigated whether SERM such as tamoxifen, raloxifene and bazedoxifene, affects the HCC cell migration using human HCC-derived HuH7 cells. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene but not tamoxifen, significantly suppressed the TGF-α-induced HuH7 cell migration. ERB041 and DPN, estrogen receptor (ER) β agonists, inhibited the TGF-α-induced cell migration whereas PPT, an ERα agonist, did not show the suppressive effect on the cell migration. ERB041 attenuated the TGF-α-induced phosphorylation of AKT without affecting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT by TGF-α. Furthermore, PHTPP, an ERβ antagonist, significantly reversed the suppression by both raloxifene and bazedoxifene of the TGF-α-induced cell migration. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that raloxifene and bazedoxifene, SERMs, suppress the TGF-α-induced migration of HCC cells through ERβ-mediated inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriko Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuria Hattori
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yui Hosokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hori
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lusardi M, Rotolo C, Ponassi M, Iervasi E, Rosano C, Spallarossa A. One-pot synthesis and antiproliferative activity of highly functionalized pyrazole derivatives. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100670. [PMID: 34994095 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly functionalized pyrazole derivatives has been prepared by a one-pot, versatile and regioselective procedure. Pyrazoles 1-29 were tested in cell-based assay to assess their antiproliferative activity against a panel of tumour cells. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of prepared compounds was evaluated against normal human fibroblasts. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized molecules emerged to be affected by the nature of the substituents of the pyrazole scaffold and derivatives 21-23 proved to inhibit the growth of melanoma and cervical cancer cells. Compound 23 was identified as the most active derivative and docking simulations predicted its ability to interact with estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Università degli Studi di Genova Facoltà di Farmacia: Universita degli Studi di Genova Dipartimento di Farmacia, Farmacia, ITALY
| | - Chiara Rotolo
- Universita degli Studi di Genova Dipartimento di Farmacia, Farmacia, ITALY
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and mass spectrometry unit, ITALY
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino: Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and mass spectrometry unit, ITALY
| | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS AOU San Martino: Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and mass spectrometry unit, ITALY
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Università degli Studi di Genova Scuola di Scienze Mediche e Farmaceutiche: Universita degli Studi di Genova Scuola di Scienze Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Farmacia, viale Benedetto Xv, 3, 16132, Genova, ITALY
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Zabiulla, Al-Ostoot FH, S AM, Al-Ghorbani M, Khanum SA. Recent investigation on heterocycles with one nitrogen [piperidine, pyridine and quinoline], two nitrogen [1,3,4-thiadiazole and pyrazole] and three nitrogen [1,2,4-triazole]: a review. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mironov ME, Borisov SA, Rybalova TV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory Spirostene-Pyrazole Conjugates by a Consecutive Multicomponent Reaction of Diosgenin with Oxalyl Chloride, Arylalkynes and Hydrazines or Hydrazones. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010162. [PMID: 35011399 PMCID: PMC8746855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sapogenin diosgenin is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. A consecutive one-pot reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, arylacetylenes, and phenylhydrazine give rise to steroidal 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles (isolated yield 46–60%) when the Stephens–Castro reaction and heterocyclization steps were carried out by heating in benzene. When the cyclization step of alkyndione with phenylhydrazine was performed in 2-methoxyethanol at room temperature, steroidal α,β-alkynyl (E)- and (Z)-hydrazones were isolated along with 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole and the isomeric 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole. The consecutive reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, phenylacetylene and benzoic acid hydrazides efficiently forms steroidal 1-benzoyl-5-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazolines. The structure of new compounds was unambiguously corroborated by comprehensive NMR spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, and X-ray structure analyses. Performing the heterocyclization step of ynedione with hydrazine monohydrate in 2-methoxyethanol allowed the synthesis of 5-phenyl substituted steroidal pyrazole, which was found to exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to that of diclofenac sodium, a commercial pain reliever. It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their alkynylhydrazone or pyrazole substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds and have higher affinity than the initial spirostene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim E. Mironov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Piragova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Borisov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Piragova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.E.M.); (S.A.B.); (T.V.R.); (D.S.B.); (T.G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-3308-533
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Structure-based design and synthesis of conformationally constrained derivatives of methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP) with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105554. [PMID: 34923243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Estrogen receptors (ER) are cytoplasmic proteins; translocated to the nucleus to induce transcriptional signals after getting bound to the estrogen hormone. ER activation implicated in cancer cell proliferation of female reproductive organs. Thus, the discovery of ER antagonists is a reliable strategy to combat estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the complications encountered upon long-term therapy by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TMX) and methyl piperidinopyrazole (MPP). Thus, the ER-full antagonist is a solution to improve the safety of this class of therapeutics during the treatment of breast cancer. We selected MPP as a lead structure to design conformationally constrained analogs. Structural rigidification is a proven strategy to transform the SERMs into full antagonists. Accordingly, we synthesized 7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indazoles (4), (6a-c),(8-12) along with the biphenolic counterparts(13-19)that are the anticipated active metabolites. The 4-nitrophenyl derivative(4)is with the most balanced profile regardingthe in vivoanti-uterotrophic potential (EC50 = 4.160 μM); and the cytotoxicity assay of the corresponding active metabolite(13)against ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 IC50 = 7.200 μM, T-47D IC50 = 11.710 μM). The inconsiderable uterotrophic activities of the elaborated ER-antagonists and weak antiproliferative activity of the compound(13)against ovarian cancer (SKOV-3 IC50 = 29.800 μM) highlighted it as a good start point to elaborate potential ER-full antagonists devoid of endometrial carcinoma. Extending the pendant chain that protrudes from the 2-(4-(substituted)-phenyl) ring of the new benzo-indazoles is recommended for enhancing the potency based on the binding mode of compound(13)in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ER.
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Cluzet V, Devillers MM, Petit F, Pierre A, Giton F, Airaud E, L'Hôte D, Leary A, Genestie C, Treilleux I, Mayeur A, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kim SH, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Chauvin S, Guigon CJ. Estradiol promotes cell survival and induces Greb1 expression in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary through an ERα-dependent mechanism. J Pathol 2021; 256:335-348. [PMID: 34860414 DOI: 10.1002/path.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a form of ovarian tumor characterized by its tendency to recur years after surgical ablation. Little is known on the mechanisms involved in GCT development and progression. GCTs can produce estradiol (E2), but whether this hormone could play a role in this cancer through its nuclear receptors, i.e., ERα and ERβ, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by cell-based and molecular studies on human GCTs and GCT cell lines. Importantly, we observed that E2 significantly increased the growth of GCT cells by promoting cell survival. The use of selective agonists of each type of receptor, together with Esr1 (ERα) or Esr2 (ERβ)-deleted GCT cells revealed that E2 mediated its effects through ERα-dependent genomic mechanisms and ERβ/ERα-dependent extra-nuclear mechanisms. Notably, the expression of Greb1, a prototypical ER target gene, was dose-dependently up-regulated by E2 specifically through ERα in GCT cells. Accordingly, using GCTs from patients, we found that GREB1 mRNA abundance was positively correlated to intra-tumoral E2 concentrations. Tissue microarrays analyses showed that there were various combinations of ER expression in primary and recurrent GCTs, and that ERα expression persisted only in combination with ERβ in ~40% of recurrent tumors. Altogether, this study demonstrates that E2 can promote the progression of GCTs, with a clear dependence on ERα. In addition to demonstrating that GCTs can be classified as a hormone-related cancer, our results also highlight that the nature of ER forms present in recurrent GCTs could underlie the variable efficiency of endocrine therapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cluzet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie M Devillers
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, INSERM IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Eloïse Airaud
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - David L'Hôte
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Genestie
- Department of Pathology, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne Mayeur
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction et Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Stéphanie Chauvin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Céline J Guigon
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
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Iwamoto M, Masuya T, Hosose M, Tagawa K, Ishibashi T, Suyama K, Nose T, Yoshihara E, Downes M, Evans RM, Matsushima A. Bisphenol A derivatives act as novel coactivator-binding inhibitors for estrogen receptor β. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101173. [PMID: 34499926 PMCID: PMC8551653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A and its derivatives are recognized as endocrine disruptors based on their complex effects on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. While the effects of bisphenol derivatives on ERα have been thoroughly evaluated, how these chemicals affect ERβ signaling is less well understood. Herein, we sought to identify novel ERβ ligands using a radioligand competitive binding assay to screen a chemical library of bisphenol derivatives. Many of the compounds identified showed intriguing dual activities as both ERα agonists and ERβ antagonists. Docking simulations of these compounds and ERβ suggested that they bound not only to the canonical binding site of ERβ but also to the coactivator binding site located on the surface of the receptor, suggesting that they act as coactivator-binding inhibitors (CBIs). Receptor-ligand binding experiments using WT and mutated ERβ support the presence of a second ligand-interaction position at the coactivator-binding site in ERβ, and direct binding experiments of ERβ and a coactivator peptide confirmed that these compounds act as CBIs. Our study is the first to propose that bisphenol derivatives act as CBIs, presenting critical insight for the future development of ER signaling-based drugs and their potential to function as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mari Hosose
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koki Tagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Suyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Nose
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Kim JT, Lee HJ, Lee HS. Organophosphorus pesticides exert estrogen receptor agonistic effect determined using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PBTG455, and induce estrogen receptor-dependent adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117090. [PMID: 33872936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various chemicals containing pesticides can induce adipogenesis and cause obesity. Organophosphorus pesticides have been used for pest control. Here, we investigated the estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent adipogenesis-inducing effect of representative organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), diazinon, phoxim, terbufos and tolclofos-methyl in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Four OPs exhibited ER agonistic effect, determined using the OECD Performance Based Test Guideline No. 455; in vitro ER stably transfected transactivation assay using ERα-HeLa-9903 cell line, through binding affinity to ERα. Additionally, they increased lipid droplet accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, which was suppressed by ICI182,780, a well-known ER antagonist. Four OPs treatment induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and perilipin expression. Furthermore, PPARγ, C/EBPα and perilipin expression was inhibited by co-treatment with ICI182,780. The increased mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthase by four OPs was suppressed by co-treatment with ICI182,780. These results indicated that diazinon, phoxim, terbufos, and tolclofos-methyl might have adipogenesis-inducing effect mediated by interacting with ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Willems S, Zaienne D, Merk D. Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9592-9638. [PMID: 34251209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, also known as ligand-activated transcription factors, regulate gene expression upon ligand signals and present as attractive therapeutic targets especially in chronic diseases. Despite the therapeutic relevance of some nuclear receptors in various pathologies, their potential in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation is insufficiently established. This perspective gathers preclinical and clinical data for a potential role of individual nuclear receptors as future targets in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and concomitantly evaluates the level of medicinal chemistry targeting these proteins. Considerable evidence suggests the high promise of ligand-activated transcription factors to counteract neurodegenerative diseases with a particularly high potential of several orphan nuclear receptors. However, potent tools are lacking for orphan receptors, and limited central nervous system exposure or insufficient selectivity also compromises the suitability of well-studied nuclear receptor ligands for functional studies. Medicinal chemistry efforts are needed to develop dedicated high-quality tool compounds for the therapeutic validation of nuclear receptors in neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Zaienne
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Kumar AD, Vivek HK, Srinivasan B, Naveen S, Kumara K, Lokanath NK, Byrappa K, Kumar KA. Design, synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculations, anticancer, angiogenic properties of new pyrazole carboxamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Sedlák D, Wilson TA, Tjarks W, Radomska HS, Wang H, Kolla JN, Leśnikowski ZJ, Špičáková A, Ali T, Ishita K, Rakotondraibe LH, Vibhute S, Wang D, Anzenbacher P, Bennett C, Bartunek P, Coss CC. Structure-Activity Relationship of para-Carborane Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9330-9353. [PMID: 34181409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective agonism of the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, has historically been difficult to achieve due to the high degree of ligand-binding domain structural similarity. Multiple efforts have focused on the use of classical organic scaffolds to model 17β-estradiol geometry in the design of ERβ selective agonists, with several proceeding to various stages of clinical development. Carborane scaffolds offer many unique advantages including the potential for novel ligand/receptor interactions but remain relatively unexplored. We synthesized a series of para-carborane estrogen receptor agonists revealing an ERβ selective structure-activity relationship. We report ERβ agonists with low nanomolar potency, greater than 200-fold selectivity for ERβ over ERα, limited off-target activity against other nuclear receptors, and only sparse CYP450 inhibition at very high micromolar concentrations. The pharmacological properties of our para-carborane ERβ selective agonists measure favorably against clinically developed ERβ agonists and support further evaluation of carborane-based selective estrogen receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tyler A Wilson
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Werner Tjarks
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hanna S Radomska
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jayaprakash Narayana Kolla
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbigniew J Leśnikowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alena Špičáková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tehane Ali
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Keisuke Ishita
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Liva Harinantenaina Rakotondraibe
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dasheng Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chad Bennett
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Drug Development Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Petr Bartunek
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher C Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Drug Development Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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42
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Fotsing MCD, Njamen D, Tanee Fomum Z, Ndinteh DT. Synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds from allenic and acetylenic nitriles and related compounds. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cyclic and polycyclic compounds containing moieties such as imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiazoline, oxazine, indole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole benzimidazole are prized molecules because of the various pharmaceutical properties that they display. This led Prof. Landor and co-workers to engage in the synthesis of several of them such as alkylimidazolenes, oxazolines, thiazolines, pyrimidopyrimidines, pyridylpyrazoles, benzoxazines, quinolines, pyrimidobenzimidazoles and pyrimidobenzothiazolones. This review covers the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds by the Michael addition and the double Michael addition of various amines and diamines on allenic nitriles, acetylenic nitriles, hydroxyacetylenic nitriles, acetylenic acids and acetylenic aldehydes. The heterocycles were obtained in one step reaction and in most cases, did not give side products. A brief discussion on the biological activities of some heterocycles is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Carine Djuidje Fotsing
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein Campus, P.O. BOX 17011 , Johannesburg , 2028 , South Africa
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology , University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Sciences , P.O. Box , 812 Yaoundé , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Zacharias Tanee Fomum
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Sciences , P.O. Box , 812 Yaoundé , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein Campus, P.O. BOX 17011 , Johannesburg , 2028 , South Africa
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43
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Demirçalı A. Novel heterocyclic disazo dyes containing pyrazole and phenylpyrazole. part 1: Synthesis, characterization, solvent polarity and acid-base sensitive characteristics. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Guillemot-Legris O, Muccioli GG. The oxysterome and its receptors as pharmacological targets in inflammatory diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4917-4940. [PMID: 33817775 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols have gained attention over the last decades and are now considered as fully fledged bioactive lipids. The study of their levels in several conditions, including atherosclerosis, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases, led to a better understanding of their involvement in (patho)physiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. For instance, the characterization of the cholesterol-7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol/GPR183 axis and its implication in immunity represents an important step in the oxysterome study. Besides this axis, others were identified as important in several inflammatory pathologies (such as colitis, lung inflammation and atherosclerosis). However, the oxysterome is a complex system notably due to a redundancy of metabolic enzymes and a wide range of receptors. Indeed, deciphering oxysterol roles and identifying the potential receptor(s) involved in a given pathology remain challenging. Oxysterol properties are very diverse, but most of them could be connected by a common component: inflammation. Here, we review the implication of oxysterol receptors in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Pepermans RA, Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Cancer and Stromal Cells: Functions and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030672. [PMID: 33802978 PMCID: PMC8002620 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological systems. Its role in driving estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancers is well established, but it also has important roles in a number of other cancers, acting both on tumor cells directly as well as in the function of multiple cells of the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes, which can greatly impact carcinogenesis. One of its receptors, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), has gained much interest over the last decade in both health and disease. Increasing evidence shows that GPER contributes to clinically observed endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer while also playing a complex role in a number of other cancers. Recent discoveries regarding the targeting of GPER in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition, particularly in melanoma, have led to the initiation of the first Phase I clinical trial for the GPER-selective agonist G-1. Furthermore, its functions in metabolism and corresponding pathophysiological states, such as obesity and diabetes, are becoming more evident and suggest additional therapeutic value in targeting GPER for both cancer and other diseases. Here, we highlight the roles of GPER in several cancers, as well as in metabolism and immune regulation, and discuss the therapeutic value of targeting this estrogen receptor as a potential treatment for cancer as well as contributing metabolic and inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Pepermans
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric R. Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-505-272-5647
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Wang K, Chen Y, Gao S, Wang M, Ge M, Yang Q, Liao M, Xu L, Chen J, Zeng Z, Chen H, Zhang XK, Lin T, Zhou H. Norlichexanthone purified from plant endophyte prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting ER α to inhibit RANKL signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:442-455. [PMID: 33643823 PMCID: PMC7893202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different types of drugs are available for postmenopausal osteoporosis, the limitations of the current therapies including drug resistances and adverse effects require identification of novel anti-osteoporosis agents. Here, we defined that norlichexanthone (NOR), a natural product, is a ligand of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and revealed its therapeutic potential for postmenopausal osteoporosis. We used mammalian-one hybrid assay to screen for ERα modulators from crude extracts of several plant endophytes. As a result, NOR purified from the extract of endophyte ARL-13 was identified as a selective ERα modulator. NOR directly bound to ERα with an affinity in nanomolar range, revealing that it is a natural ligand of ERα. NOR induced osteoblast formation in MC3T3-E1 precursor cells. Conversely, NOR inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse primary monocytes. Mechanistically, NOR inhibited RANKL-induced association of ERα and TRAF6 to prevent ERα-mediated TRAF6 activation via Lys63-linked ubiquitination. Importantly, NOR exhibited potent anti-osteoporosis efficacy in an ovariectomized mouse model. Comparing to estrogen, NOR was of much less capability in stimulating endometrial hyperplasia and promoting mammalian cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, our study identified NOR as a natural and high affinity ligand of ERα with substantial anti-osteoporosis but less estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Maosi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengmeng Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingkai Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 592 2881105; fax: +86 592 2881105.
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 592 2881105; fax: +86 592 2881105.
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Naveen S, Kumara K, Kumar AD, Kumar KA, Zarrouk A, Warad I, Lokanath N. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, antioxidant properties and DFT calculations of a novel pyrazole derivative: Ethyl 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways Involved in Invasion and Colony Formation of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells PC-3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031153. [PMID: 33503805 PMCID: PMC7865506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced and androgen-independent form of prostate cancer. Recent studies of rapid actions mediated by estrogen in the prostate and its relationship with CRPC are emerging. We have previously shown that estrogen receptor (ER) promotes migration and invasion of the androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3, but the signaling pathways involved in these events remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role of ERα and ERβ in the activation of SRC, and the involvement of SRC and PI3K/AKT on invasion and colony formation of the PC-3 cells. Our results showed that the activation of ERα (using ERα-selective agonist PPT) and ERβ (using ERβ-selective agonist DPN) increased phosphorylation of SRC in PC-3 cells. In the presence of the selective inhibitor for SRC-family kinases PP2, the effects of DPN and PPT on transmigration and soft agar colony formation assays were decreased. Furthermore, SRC is involved in the expression of the non-phosphorylated β-catenin. Finally, using PI3K specific inhibitor Wortmannin and AKT inhibitor MK2206, we showed that PI3K/AKT are also required for invasion and colony formation of PC-3 cells simulated by ER. This study provides novel insights into molecular mechanisms of ER in PC-3 cells by demonstrating that ER, located outside the cell nucleus, activates rapid responses molecules, including SRC and PI3K/AKT, which enhance the tumorigenic potential of prostate cancer cells, increasing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor formation.
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Dheer D, Behera C, Singh D, Abdullaha M, Chashoo G, Bharate SB, Gupta PN, Shankar R. Design, synthesis and comparative analysis of triphenyl-1,2,3-triazoles as anti-proliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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