New orally active serine protease inhibitors: structural requirements for their good oral activity

Synthetic Applications of Baylis-Hillman Chemistry: An Efficient and Solely Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-.ALPHA.-Methylcinnamic Acids and Potent Hypolipidemic Agent LK-903 from Unmodified Baylis-Hillman Adducts

An efficient and solely stereoselective synthesis of (E)-alpha-methylcinnamic acids has been accomplished in single pot by reduction of the unmodified Baylis-Hillman adducts, methyl-3-hydroxy-3-aryl-2-methylenepropanoates with I(2)/NaBH(4) reagent system at room temperature followed by hydrolysis. The efficacy of this method has been proved in the total synthesis of 1-[p-(myristyloxy)-alpha-methylcinnamoyl]glycerol, LK-903, a highly active hypolipidemic agent.

Effects of protease inhibitor ONO-3403 on pancreatic exocrine response to CCK in rats

AIM

To examine the pancreatic exocrine response to CCK-8 and to clarify the mechanism of the pancreatic exocrine hypersecretion after oral administration of synthetic protease inhibitor ONO-3403 in rats.

METHODS

A single oral dose of synthetic protease inhibitor ONO-3403 was given to rats by orogastric tube 6h and 12 h before experiments. The pancreatic juice was collected before test and after stimulation of stepwise increasing doses of CCK-8. The output of protein, amylase, lipase and bicarbonate in pancreatic juice or pancreatic tissue were determinated by Lowry method, Chromogenic method with blue-dyed starch polymer, Whitaker method and by the DST 800 multititration system, respectively.

RESULTS

Oral administration of ONO-3403 had no influence on pancreatic juice flow and output of protein in basal and CCK-8 stimulation at 6h after ONO-3403 pretreated, but it caused a significant increase in pancreatic juice flow (peak level 215±9 ulper 30 min vs 93±6 ulper 30 min, P<0.01) and protein output (peak level 16475±1 801 ug per 30 min vs 5 920±593 ug per 30 min, P<0.01) of the basal and CCK-8 stimulation at 12 h after ONO-3 403 pretreated. The basal pancreatic juice flow and output of amylase (470±32 su per 30 min at 6 h P<0.01, 394±47 su per 30 min at 12 h, P<0.05 vs 251±32 su per 30 min), bicarbonate (2.224±0.333 umolper 30 min at 6 h, P<0.05; 3.148±0.374 umolper 30 min at 12 h, P<0.01 vs 1.428±0.282 umolper 30 min) were significant high after ONO-3403 pretreated than those of control group. There was no change in lipase output compared with control group. The pancreatic weight, pancreatic contents of protein and amylase in ONO-3 403 pretreated rats were similar to those in control rats.

CONCLUSION

ONO-3 403 can increase pancreatic exocrine secretion and sensitivity to CCK-8 stimulation.The mechanism of ONO3 403 induced pancreatic exocrine hypersecretion may be a feedback regulation of the pancreas by increasing CCK secretion.

New serine protease inhibitors with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor binding affinity

A series of new trypsin-like serine protease inhibitors, 1, 2 and 7-23, containing amidinobenzene moiety was found to show potent LTB4-receptor affinity. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were found to be LTB4 receptor antagonists based on an inhibition assay of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) intracellular calcium mobilization induced by LTB4. Compounds 1 and 2, which satisfy the reported structural requirements for good oral activity, are expected to show a balanced dual mode of action, i.e., protease inhibitory activity and LTB4 receptor antagonist activity, in vivo.

Non-peptidic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase: the design and synthesis of sulfonanilide-containing inhibitors

A novel series of pivaloyloxy benzene derivatives has been identified as potent and selective human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. Convergent syntheses were developed in order to identify the inhibitors which are intravenously effective in an animal model. A compound of particular interest is the sulfonanilide-containing analogues. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Structural requirements for metabolic stabilization are also discussed.