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Bertrand X, Pucheault M, Chabaud L, Paquin JF. Synthesis of Tertiary Fluorides through an Acid-Mediated Deoxyfluorination of Tertiary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14527-14539. [PMID: 37769207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of methanesulfonic acid and potassium bifluoride is reported for the deoxyfluorination of tertiary alcohols. Under metal-free conditions that use readily available, cheap, and easy-to-handle reagents, a range of tertiary alcohols could be converted into the corresponding fluorides in excellent yields (average yields of 85% for 23 examples). Mechanistic investigation showed that the reaction proceeds at 0 °C, in part, through an elimination/hydrofluorination pathway, but no residual alkenes are observed. The application of these conditions for the fluorination of ether and ester is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bertrand
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Ferlenghi F, Maccioni P, Mugnaini C, Brizzi A, Fara F, Mostallino R, Castelli MP, Colombo G, Mor M, Vacondio F, Corelli F. The GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator COR659: In vitro metabolism, in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of metabolically protected derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Borowiecki P, Telatycka N, Tataruch M, Żądło‐Dobrowolska A, Reiter T, Schühle K, Heider J, Szaleniec M, Kroutil W. Biocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of γ‐Keto Esters to Access Optically Active γ‐Aryl‐γ‐butyrolactones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of ChemistryDepartment of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology Koszykowa 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Telatycka
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of ChemistryDepartment of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology Koszykowa 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mateusz Tataruch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS Niezapominajek 8 30-239 Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Żądło‐Dobrowolska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Karola Schühle
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyLOEWE Center for Synthetic MicrobiologyPhilipps University of Marburg Marburg
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyLOEWE Center for Synthetic MicrobiologyPhilipps University of Marburg Marburg
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS Niezapominajek 8 30-239 Krakow Poland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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Shaikh RS, Keul P, Schäfers M, Levkau B, Haufe G. New fluorinated agonists for targeting the sphingosin-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5048-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Bullard KM, Gullberg RC, Soltani E, Steel JJ, Geiss BJ, Keenan SM. Murine Efficacy and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Flaviviral NS5 Capping Enzyme 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Inhibitor BG-323. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130083. [PMID: 26075394 PMCID: PMC4468182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne flavivirus infection continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of drug targets and novel antiflaviviral compounds to treat these diseases has become a global health imperative. A previous screen of 235,456 commercially available small molecules identified the 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one family of compounds as inhibitors of the flaviviral NS5 capping enzyme, a promising target for antiviral drug development. Rational drug design methodologies enabled identification of lead compound BG-323 from this series. We have shown previously that BG-323 potently inhibits NS5 capping enzyme activity, displays antiviral effects in dengue virus replicon assays and inhibits growth of West Nile and yellow fever viruses with low cytotoxicity in vitro. In this study we further characterized BG-323’s antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. We found that BG-323 was able to reduce replication of WNV (NY99) and Powassan viruses in culture, and we were unable to force resistance into WNV (Kunjin) in long-term culture experiments. We then evaluated the antiviral activity of BG-323 in a murine model. Mice were challenged with WNV NY99 and administered BG-323 or mock by IP inoculation immediately post challenge and twice daily thereafter. Mice were bled and viremia was quantified on day three. No significant differences in viremia were observed between BG-323-treated and control groups and clinical scores indicated both BG-323-treated and control mice developed signs of illness on approximately the same day post challenge. To determine whether differences in in vitro and in vivo efficacy were due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of BG-323, we conducted a pharmacokinetic evaluation of this small molecule. Insights from pharmacokinetic studies indicate that BG-323 is cell permeable, has a low efflux ratio and does not significantly inhibit two common cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) isoforms thus suggesting this molecule may be less likely to cause adverse drug interactions. However, the T1/2 of BG-323 was suboptimal and the percent of drug bound to plasma binding proteins was high. Future studies with BG-323 will be aimed at increasing the T1/2 and determining strategies for mitigating the effects of high plasma protein binding, which likely contribute to low in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Bullard
- University of Northern Colorado, School of Biological Sciences, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Rebekah C. Gullberg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elnaz Soltani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. Jordan Steel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMK); (BJG)
| | - Susan M. Keenan
- University of Northern Colorado, School of Biological Sciences, Greeley, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMK); (BJG)
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Shaikh RS, Schilson SS, Wagner S, Hermann S, Keul P, Levkau B, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Synthesis and evaluation of fluorinated fingolimod (FTY720) analogues for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor molecular imaging by positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3471-84. [PMID: 25826109 DOI: 10.1021/jm502021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid that evokes a variety of biological responses via stimulation of a set of cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): S1P1-S1P5. S1P and its receptors (S1PRs) play important roles in the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems and have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. Recently, the S1P analogue Fingolimod (FTY720) has been approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. This work presents the synthesis of various fluorinated structural analogues of FTY720, their in vitro and in vivo biological testing, and their development and application as [(18)F]radiotracers for the study of S1PR biodistribution and imaging in mice using small-animal positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan S Shaikh
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,‡NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie S Schilson
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- §Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Petra Keul
- #Institute of Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- #Institute of Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- §Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Schmöle AC, Brennführer A, Karapetyan G, Jaster R, Pews-Davtyan A, Hübner R, Ortinau S, Beller M, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Novel indolylmaleimide acts as GSK-3β inhibitor in human neural progenitor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6785-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Hansen T, Alst T, Havelkova M, Strøm MB. Antimicrobial Activity of Small β-Peptidomimetics Based on the Pharmacophore Model of Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. J Med Chem 2009; 53:595-606. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terkel Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Alst
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martina Havelkova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten B. Strøm
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Hajduch J, Dolenský B, Yoshida S, Fan J, Kirk KL. Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-difluorourocanic acid. J Fluor Chem 2008; 129:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Humphrey SJ, Turman CN, Curry JT, Wheeler GJ. Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic effects of the dopamine receptor agonists ropinirole, apomorphine, and PNU-142774E in conscious beagle dogs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47:337-47. [PMID: 16633074 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000205983.05771.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To confirm recent in vitro findings, we examined the cardiovascular and electrocardiographic (ECG) effects of the dopamine receptor agonists ropinirole, apomorphine, and PNU-142774E in conscious dogs. Intravenous (i.v.) infusions of ropinirole totaling 20 microg/kg maximally reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP; -16 mm Hg) and the ECG PR interval (-13 milliseconds) and increased heart rate (HR; +29 b/min) and QTc length (+33 ms) at a peak plasma drug concentration (p[drug]) of 3.5 ng/ml. I.V. PNU-142774E was better tolerated through 66 microg/kg and a maximal p[drug] of 5.9 ng/ml with negligible cardiovascular changes and mild QTc reduction (13 ms). Apomorphine (25 microg/kg i.v.) was intermediate to ropinirole and PNU-142774E for emesis and peak changes in MAP (-6 mm Hg), HR (+24 b/min), and QTc (+15 milliseconds) at a mean p[drug] of 3.4 ng/ml. By comparison, the class III antiarrhythmic trecetilide (2.0 mg/kg bolus) increased QTc (+58 ms) without affecting mean arterial pressure or heart rate. This study establishes that in conscious dogs, the selective dopamine receptor agonist PNU-142774E has fewer cardiovascular and emetic effects than ropinirole and apomorphine and supports prior in vitro findings that ropinirole and apomorphine but not the PNU-142774E imidazoquinolin analog sumanirole reduces the delayed rectifier current in HERG transfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Humphrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini A Gowda
- Arrhythmia Service and Division of Cardiology, St Luke's Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Doggrell SA, Hancox JC. Ibutilide – recent molecular insights and accumulating evidence for use in atrial flutter and fibrillation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:655-69. [PMID: 15926871 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.5.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ibutilide is a 'pure' class III antiarrhythmic drug, used intravenously against atrial flutter and fibrillation. At a cellular level it exerts two main actions: induction of a persistent Na+ current sensitive to dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers and potent inhibition of the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, by binding within the channel pore cavity upon channel gating. Ibutilide has been shown to terminate atrial flutter and fibrillation in animal studies, with some risk of ventricular pro-arrhythmia. Experimental models of hypertrophy/heart failure show altered sensitivity to ibutilide, with increased dispersion of repolarisation and incidence of pro-arrhythmia. Patient trials show that ibutilide is effective at terminating atrial arrhythmias when given alone, and that it can increase effectiveness and reduce energy requirements of electrical cardioversion. The risk to patients of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia necessitates careful patient selection and monitoring during and after treatment. An ibutilide analogue, trecetilide, requires further investigation but may offer a less readily metabolised and pro-arrhythmic alternative to ibutilide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- Doggrell Biomedical Communications, 47 Caronia Crescent, Lynfield, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
An overview is given on the diverse uses of computational chemistry in drug discovery. Particular emphasis is placed on virtual screening, de novo design, evaluation of drug-likeness, and advanced methods for determining protein-ligand binding.
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14
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Abstract
Despite the major new insights into our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF) gained in the last decade, the treatment of this common arrhythmia remains unsatisfactory in many patients. Although several new treatment modalities (e.g., internal cardioversion, pulmonary vein ablation, preventive pacing) have been developed, pharmacologic therapy remains the first-line therapy in most patients with AF. As illustrated by recent trials comparing rhythm control and rate control, current antifibrillatory drugs are hampered by a relatively low success rate in maintaining long-term sinus rhythm and the occurrence of proarrhythmic and other adverse events. This article discusses currently available antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm and rate control, with special emphasis on more recently developed drugs and drugs still under development. Selective blockers of atrial ion channels (IKur and IK.ACh), multi-ion channel blockers, and selective A1-adenosine receptor antagonists are examples of the newer antiarrhythmic drugs that are expected to be more effective and safer than those currently available.
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Abstract
K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have been recognized as potential therapeutic drug targets for many years. Unfortunately, progress toward identifying selective K(+) channel modulators has been severely hampered by the need to use native currents and primary cells in the drug-screening process. Today, however, more than 80 K(+) channel and K(+) channel-related genes have been identified, and an understanding of the molecular composition of many important native K(+) currents has begun to emerge. The identification of these molecular K(+) channel drug targets should lead to the discovery of novel drug candidates. A summary of progress is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wickenden
- Icagen Inc., Suite 460, 4222 Emperor Boulevard, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
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Langston S, Barlocco D. Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2001; 6:698-699. [PMID: 11427380 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(01)01831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monitor provides an insight into the latest developments in drug discovery through brief synopses of recent presentations and publications together with expert commentaries on the latest technologies. There are two sections: Molecules summarizes the chemistry and the pharmacological significance and biological relevance of new molecules reported in the literature and on the conference scene; Profiles offers commentary on promising lines of research, emerging molecular targets, novel technology, advances in synthetic and separation techniques and legislative issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langston
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Merrifield Centre, Rosemary Lane, CB1 3LQ, tel: +44 (0) 1223 722400, Cambridge, UK
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