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Zhou Y, Zou J, Xu J, Zhou Y, Cen X, Zhao Y. Recent advances of mitochondrial complex I inhibitors for cancer therapy: Current status and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115219. [PMID: 36893622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (CI) as a critical multifunctional respiratory complex of electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been identified as vital and essence in ATP production, biosynthesis and redox balance. Recent progress in targeting CI has provided both insight and inspiration for oncotherapy, highlighting that the development of CI-targeting inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach to fight cancer. Natural products possessing of ample scaffold diversity and structural complexity are the majority source of CI inhibitors, although low specificity and safety hinder their extensive application. Along with the gradual deepening in understanding of CI structure and function, significant progress has been achieved in exploiting novel and selective small molecules targeting CI. Among them, IACS-010759 had been approved by FDA for phase I trial in advanced cancers. Moreover, drug repurposing represents an effective and prospective strategy for CI inhibitor discovery. In this review, we mainly elaborate the biological function of CI in tumor progression, summarize the CI inhibitors reported in recent years and discuss the further perspectives for CI inhibitor application, expecting this work may provide insights into innovative discovery of CI-targeting drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Soares MCE, Baldin ELL, do Prado Ribeiro L, Dos Santos MC, Batista Y, Vendramim JD. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Annona spp. Derivatives on Bemisia tabaci MEAM 1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Tomato. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:966-975. [PMID: 34674151 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) MEAM 1 is one of the main insect species that colonize tomato plants and cause direct and indirect damage. The use of botanical derivatives may be a valuable method of insect control to reduce the inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides on crops. In this study, we evaluated the bioactivity of ethanolic extracts prepared from Annonaceae species compared to that of the commercial insecticides based on acetogenins (Anosom® 1 EC, anonine 10,000 mg L-1) and thiamethoxam (Actara® 250 WG) on eggs, nymphs, and adults of the whitefly in tomato. Initially, the effects of the ethanolic seed extracts of Annona mucosa (Jacq.), Annona muricata L., and Annona sylvatica A.St.-Hil on adult insect behavior were evaluated. The rates of infestation and oviposition deterrence indicated the inhibitory effects of the extract of A. muricata (500 mg L-1). Then, the possible systemic effects of the extracts were evaluated; however, no effects on nymphal development or insect viability were observed. The LC50 and LC90 of the ethanolic extract of A. mucosa seeds at 500 mg L-1 (10.83 and 200.24 mg L-1, respectively) were estimated and were used in ovicidal tests and compared to positive (Actara® 250 WG and Anosom® 1 EC), and negative controls (water: acetone, 1:1 v/v). At LC90, fewer eggs (35.00%) had hatched at 13 days after application than in the other treatments. The results of this study demonstrate the potential use of botanical derivatives of Annona spp. for the management of B. tabaci MEAM 1 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
- Dept of Crop Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State Univ (FCA / UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Prado Ribeiro
- Research Center for Family Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Maria Clézia Dos Santos
- Dept of Crop Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State Univ (FCA / UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yago Batista
- Dept of Crop Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State Univ (FCA / UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Djair Vendramim
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xue JY, Zhou GX, Chen T, Gao S, Choi MY, Wong YS. Desacetyluvaricin induces S phase arrest in SW480 colorectal cancer cells through superoxide overproduction. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:464-75. [PMID: 24591255 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a group of fatty acid-derivatives with potent anticancer effects. In the present study, we found desacetyluvaricin (Dau) exhibited notable in vitro antiproliferative effect on SW480 human colorectal carcinoma cells with IC50 value of 14 nM. The studies on the underlying mechanisms revealed that Dau inhibited the cancer cell growth through induction of S phase cell cycle arrest from 11.3% (control) to 33.2% (160 nM Dau), which was evidenced by the decreased protein expression of cyclin A Overproduction of superoxide, intracellular DNA damage, and inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway, were also found involved in cells exposed to Dau. Moreover, pre-treatment of the cells with ascorbic acid significantly prevented the Dau-induced overproduction of superoxide, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our results suggest that Dau induces S phase arrest in cancer cells by firstly superoxide overproduction and subsequently the involvement of various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Xue
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Araujo RCP, Neves FAR, Formagio ASN, Kassuya CAL, Stefanello MEA, Souza VV, Pavan FR, Croda J. Evaluation of the anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and in vivo acute toxicity of Annona sylvatic. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:209. [PMID: 24974069 PMCID: PMC4082671 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The recent emergence of extensively multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has further complicated the control of tuberculosis. There is an urgent need for the development of new molecular candidates antitubercular drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of 28 alcoholic extracts and essential oils of native and exotic Brazilian plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to further study these extracts through chemical fractionation, the isolation of their constituents, and an evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of the active extracts. To the best of our knowledge this is the first chemical characterization, antituberculosis activity and acute toxicity evaluation of Annona sylvatica. Methods The anti-mycobacterial activity of these extracts and their constituent compounds was evaluated using the resazurin reduction microtiter assay (REMA). To investigate the acute toxicity of these extracts in vivo, female Swiss mice were treated with the extracts at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg · kg-1 of body weight. The extracts were characterized by LC-MS, and the constituents were isolated and identified by chromatographic analysis of spectroscopic data. Results Of the 28 extracts, the methanol extract obtained from the leaves of Annona sylvatica showed anti-mycobacterial activity with an minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 184.33 μg/mL, and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) resulting from liquid-liquid partitioning of the A. sylvatica extract showed an MIC of 115.2 μg/mL. The characterization of this extract by LC-MS identified flavonoids and acetogenins as its main constituents. The phytochemical study of the A. sylvatica EAF resulted in the isolation of quercetin, luteolin, and almunequin. Conclusions Among the compounds isolated from the EAF, luteolin and almunequin were the most promising, with MICs of 236.8 μg/mL (827.28 μM) and 209.9 μg/mL (328.48 μM), respectively. The acute administration of the EAF fraction in doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg · kg-1 of body weight did not cause signs of toxicity in the treated animals.
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Kojima N, Tanaka T. Medicinal chemistry of Annonaceous acetogenins: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel analogues. Molecules 2009; 14:3621-61. [PMID: 19783948 PMCID: PMC6254973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Annonaceous acetogenins are characterized by between one and three THF ring(s) with one or two flanking hydroxyl group(s) in the center of a C32/34 fatty acid, and the terminal carboxylic acid is combined with a 2-propanol unit to form an alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactone. While many studies have addressed the properties and synthesis of natural acetogenins due to their attractive biological activities and unique structural features, a number of analogues have also been described. This review covers the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of acetogenin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kojima
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-8210; Fax: +81-6-6879-8214
| | - Tetsuaki Tanaka
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-8210; Fax: +81-6-6879-8214
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Barrachina I, Royo I, Baldoni HA, Chahboune N, Suvire F, DePedro N, Zafra-Polo MC, Bermejo A, El Aouad N, Cabedo N, Saez J, Tormo JR, Enriz RD, Cortes D. New antitumoral acetogenin 'Guanacone type' derivatives: isolation and bioactivity. Molecular dynamics simulation of diacetyl-guanacone. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4369-81. [PMID: 17482824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the isolation and semisynthesis of four acetogenin derivatives (1-4) as well as their ability to inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain and several tumor cell lines. In addition, four nanoseconds (ns) of MD simulation of compound 4, in a fully hydrated POPC bilayer, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Duval RA, Lewin G, Peris E, Chahboune N, Garofano A, Dröse S, Cortes D, Brandt U, Hocquemiller R. Heterocyclic analogues of squamocin as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I. On the role of the terminal lactone of annonaceous acetogenins. Biochemistry 2006; 45:2721-8. [PMID: 16489765 DOI: 10.1021/bi051261u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic analogues of squamocin have been semisynthesized by condensation reactions between squamocin-derived alpha-keto esters and heterodinucleophiles. The strong complex I inhibitory potency of squamocin-benzimidazole, a hybrid derivative, illustrates for the first time the functional analogy existing between the terminal butenolide of annonaceous acetogenins and heteroaromatic substructures of classic inhibitors of the enzyme. This finding supports the categorization of this atypical group of inhibitors as antagonists of the ubiquinone substrates. In addition, competition experiments of squamocin-benzimidazole versus squamocin and rolliniastatin-2 suggest that the binding of this hybrid inhibitor is responsible for a negative allosteric effect at the level of the first ubiquinone-binding site (A site) of mitochondrial complex I. This result supports the existence of a large cooperatively regulated inhibitor/ubiquinone-binding pocket located within the catalytic core of the enzyme, consisting of the association of the previously defined affinity sites A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Duval
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie (BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS), Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
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Chahboune N, Barrachina I, Royo I, Romero V, Sáez J, Tormo JR, De Pedro N, Estornell E, Zafra-Polo MC, Peláez F, Cortes D. Guanaconetins, new antitumoral acetogenins, mitochondrial complex I and tumor cell growth inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1089-94. [PMID: 16242335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antitumoral activity of a series of acetylated bis-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenins with a threo/trans/threo/trans/erythro relative configuration was characterized by four new natural and two semisynthetic, 15,24,30-trioxygenated acetogenins that were found to inhibit mitochondrial complex I enzyme as well as growth of several tumor cell lines. Placement of acetyl groups along the alkyl chain modulated the potency of the bis-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenins and could be important for future utilization of these compounds as chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chahboune
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Wang M, Chen Y, Lou L, Tang W, Wang X, Shen J. Synthesis of pyrrolidine analogues of solamin. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Duval RA, Duret P, Lewin G, Peris E, Hocquemiller R. Semisynthesis and biological activity of aminoacyl triesters of squamocin, an annonaceous acetogenin. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3773-81. [PMID: 15863004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A number of aminoacyl triesters of squamocin 1, a cytotoxic acetogenin isolated from the seeds of Annona reticulata, have been synthesized in two to three steps from protected (l)-aminoacids and squamocin 1 using standard coupling/deprotection procedures. These semisynthetic analogs were tested on submitochondrial particles (SMP) for their complex I inhibitory activities, and against KB 3-1 cells in vitro. All triesters derivatives exhibited a complete extinction of activity at the enzymatic level, correlated to a reduced though modulated cytotoxicity in comparison with squamocin 1. This activity can apparently be considered as a function of the amphipathy of the analogs, the more amphiphilic ones being the more cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Duval
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie (BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS), Faculté de Pharmacie, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Bermejo A, Figadere B, Zafra-Polo MC, Barrachina I, Estornell E, Cortes D. Acetogenins from Annonaceae: recent progress in isolation, synthesis and mechanisms of action. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:269-303. [PMID: 15806200 DOI: 10.1039/b500186m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review is to summarise the knowledge about newly isolated acetogenins (ACGs) in the last six years. It will also report the total syntheses that have allowed either the confirmation or the revision of some structures, together with the biological activities and mechanism of action of such interesting natural products. In fact, of the 417 isolated compounds reviewed, over 176 have been added during the period from 1998 to 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Bermejo
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, associe au CNRS (BIOCIS), Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite Paris-Sud, 92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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Hamada T, Ichimaru N, Abe M, Fujita D, Kenmochi A, Nishioka T, Zwicker K, Brandt U, Miyoshi H. Synthesis and Inhibitory Action of Novel Acetogenin Mimics with Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Complex I†. Biochemistry 2004; 43:3651-8. [PMID: 15035635 DOI: 10.1021/bi030242m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the inhibition mechanism of acetogenins, the most potent inhibitors of complex I, are useful to elucidate the structural and functional features of the terminal electron-transfer step of this enzyme. We synthesized acetogenin mimics that possess two alkyl tails without a gamma-lactone ring, named Deltalac-acetogenin, and examined their inhibitory action on bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. Unexpectedly, the Deltalac-acetogenin carrying two n-undecanyl groups (compound 3) elicited very potent inhibition comparable to that of bullatacin. The inhibitory potency of compound 3 markedly decreased with shortening the length of either or both alkyl tails, indicating that symmetric as well as hydrophobic properties of the inhibitor are important for the inhibition. Both acetylation and deoxygenation of either or both of two OH groups adjacent to the tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings resulted in a significant decrease in inhibitory potency. These structural dependencies of the inhibitory action of Deltalac-acetogenins are in marked contrast to those of ordinary acetogenins. Double-inhibitor titration of steady-state complex I activity showed that inhibition of compound 3 and bullatacin are not additive, though the inhibition site of both inhibitors is downstream of iron-sulfur cluster N2. Our results indicate that the mode of inhibitory action of Deltalac-acetogenins differs from that of ordinary acetogenins. Therefore, Deltalac-acetogenins can be regarded as a novel type of inhibitor acting on the terminal electron-transfer step of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hamada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Tormo JR, Gallardo T, Peris E, Bermejo A, Cabedo N, Estornell E, Zafra-Polo MC, Cortes D. Inhibitory effects on mitochondrial complex I of semisynthetic mono-Tetrahydrofuran acetogenin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:4101-5. [PMID: 14592516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modifications in the terminal alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-methyl-gamma-lactone moiety or in the alkyl chain that links this terminal gamma-lactone with the alpha,alpha'-dihydroxylated THF system of the natural mono-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenins, annonacin and annonacinone, led to the preparation of eight semisynthetic derivatives. Their inhibitory effects on mitochondrial complex I is discussed and compared with that of the classical complex I inhibitor, rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Tormo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Xu ZF, Wei XY, Xie HH, Yang RZ. Inhibitory activities of three annonaceous acetogenins on NADH oxidase of chicken liver mitochondria. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:729-32. [PMID: 12736522 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (ACG) are natural products found in the plant family Annonaceae and which strongly inhibited mitochondrial complex I. The inhibition of NADH oxidase of chicken liver mitochondria by three different structural ACG was studied here, and ACG was shown to have potent inhibitory activities similar to rotenone for NADH oxidase. The IC(50) values indicated that bis-adjacent tetrahydrofuran (THF) type squamocin C was more potent than non-adjacent bis-THF type squamostatin B, and the latter was more potent than non-THF type compound 1 in the assay. The roles of structural factors of ACG such as the terminal gamma-lactone, the features of other ring moieties and hydroxyl groups, as well as the alkyl chain were simply discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Xu
- South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Bermejo A, Andreu I, Suvire F, Léonce S, Caignard DH, Renard P, Pierré A, Enriz RD, Cortes D, Cabedo N. Syntheses and antitumor targeting G1 phase of the cell cycle of benzoyldihydroisoquinolines and related 1-substituted isoquinolines. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5058-68. [PMID: 12408717 DOI: 10.1021/jm020831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines were synthesized and tested in vitro against the leukemia L 1210 cell line to evaluate their ability to perturb the cell cycle by arresting cells in the G1 phase. 1-Benzoylimines, 1-phenylimines, and 1-alkylimines were synthesized. The most powerful cytotoxic derivatives, 1-benzoyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (1-26), were obtained from amides I via 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline in good yield by a direct selective oxidation of the benzylic carbon of the corresponding imines through 10% Pd/C in acetonitrile. SAR studies let us to identify the essential structural features for cytotoxic activity. The most bioactive compounds (with IC(50) < 5 microM) were BzDHIQ (13, 22, 21, 8, 9, 11, 1, 20, 6, and 19), and they are characterized by the following: (i) An alpha-ketoimine moiety is necessary for potent antiproliferative activity (1-phenyl- and 1-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives, 34-40, are less active). (ii) An hydrophobic, benzyloxy, alkyloxy, or allyloxy group at the C-6 position seems to be relevant for cytotoxicity. (iii) Regarding the influence of the benzoylic moiety, both the unsubstituted (13, 8, 9, 11, 1, and 6) and the 3'-monosubstituted (22, 21, 20, and 19) compounds were more potent than compounds with other substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Bermejo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Posner GH, Halford BA, Peleg S, Dolan P, Kensler TW. Conceptually new low-calcemic oxime analogues of the hormone 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3): synthesis and biological testing. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1723-30. [PMID: 11931627 DOI: 10.1021/jm010560o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New chemical entities 16-ene-25-ketone 2b and the corresponding oxime 3b and oxime ether 4b, analogues of natural calcitriol (1), were rationally designed and synthesized on a milligram scale. Chemical introduction of the oxime ether functionality in analogue 4b was successful via direct oximation of an intact vitamin D conjugated triene system. Even though all three analogues are at least as antiproliferative in vitro as calcitriol (1) even at physiologically relevant low nanomolar concentrations, only side chain ketone 2b is more transcriptionally potent than calcitriol (1). Although oxime O-methyl ether 4b lacks the traditional side chain hydrogen bond-donating OH group of the natural hormone and lacks also the oxime-NOH group of analogue 3b, surprisingly, oxime ether 4b retains 20% of the transcriptional potency of natural calcitriol (1). In terms of in vivo toxicity (hypercalcemia), ketone 2b is strongly calcemic in rats, whereas oxime 3b and oxime ether 4b are considerably less calcemic (i.e., safer) than calcitriol (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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Peris E, Cavé A, Estornell E, Zafra-Polo M, Figadère B, Cortes D, Bermejo A. Semisynthesis of new tetrahydrofuranic alkyl ester and furano-pyrone derivatives as inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex I. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tormo JR, Estornell E, Gallardo T, González MC, Cavé A, Granell S, Cortes D, Zafra-Polo MC. Gamma-lactone-Functionalized antitumoral acetogenins are the most potent inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:681-4. [PMID: 11266168 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the relevance of the terminal alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-methyl-gamma-lactone moiety of the antitumoral acetogenins of Annonaceae for potent mitochondrial complex I inhibition, we have prepared a series of semisynthetic acetogenins with modifications only in this part of the molecule, from the natural rolliniastatin-1 (1) and cherimolin-1 (2). Some of the hydroxylated derivatives (1b, 1d and 1e) in addition to two infrequent natural beta-hydroxy gamma-methyl gamma-lactone acetogenins, laherradurin (3) and itrabin (4), are more potent complex I inhibitors than any other known compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Tormo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Farmacodinamia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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