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Ahmed SA, Hameed SA, Hussen BM, Salihi A. Prevalence of the prothrombin G20210A mutation among ischemic stroke patients. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:227-230. [PMID: 33123330 PMCID: PMC7581837 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke is characterized as a sudden neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system by a vascular cause. This study was performed to determine the frequency of G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene and its effectiveness on the incidence of ischemic stroke in the Erbil city of Kurdistan region, Iraq. Methods: A total of 50 patients with ischemic stroke was analyzed for the detection of prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with Hind III restriction enzyme. Results: We observed no evidence of an association between ischemic stroke and G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene in this region. Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates that prothrombotic gene variant seems not to be linked to the incidence of ischemic stroke in Erbil region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar A Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Bashdar M Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognocy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.,Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
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2
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New organic nitrate-containing benzyloxy isonipecotanilide derivatives with vasodilatory and anti-platelet activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Saify ZS, Rasheed H, Mushtaq N, Nisa M, Haider S, Naz A, Azhar KF, Miana GA. Investigation of piperidine derivatives in ex vivo models of pain and platelet aggregation. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1953-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Youssef KM, Al-Omar MA, El-Subbagh HI, Abou-zeid LA, Abdel-Gader AGM, Haress NG, Al-Tuwaijri AS. Synthesis, antiplatelet aggregation activity, and molecular modeling study of novel substituted-piperazine analogues. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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de Candia M, Liantonio F, Carotti A, De Cristofaro R, Altomare C. Fluorinated Benzyloxyphenyl Piperidine-4-carboxamides with Dual Function against Thrombosis: Inhibitors of Factor Xa and Platelet Aggregation. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1018-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801141f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Modesto de Candia
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy, Hemostasis Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Liantonio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy, Hemostasis Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy, Hemostasis Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy, Hemostasis Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Altomare
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy, Hemostasis Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
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6
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De Marco A, De Candia M, Carotti A, Cellamare S, De Candia E, Altomare C. Lipophilicity-related inhibition of blood platelet aggregation by nipecotic acid anilides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 22:153-64. [PMID: 15158900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using N-[4-(hexyloxy)phenyl]piperidine-3-carboxamide (17c) as a structural lead, a number of isomers, derivatives, and ring-opened analogs were synthesized and tested for their ability to block the in vitro aggregation of human platelets induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). For the most active compounds, inhibition of the platelet aggregation triggered by arachidonic acid (AA) and ADP-induced intraplatelet calcium mobilization was also demonstrated. Based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), we proved the impact of hydrophobicity on antiplatelet activity by a nonlinear (parabolic or bilinear) relationship between pIC(50) and lipophilicity, as assessed by RP-HPLC capacity factors and ClogP (i.e. calculated 1-octanol-water partition coefficients). This study highlighted the following additional SARs: quasi-isolipophilic isomers of 17c (isonipecotanilides and pipecolinanilides) and ring-opened analogs (e.g. anilide of beta-alanine) exhibited lower antiplatelet activity; methylation of the piperidine nitrogen of 17c has no effect, whereas alkylation with an n-propyl group decreases the activity by a factor of approximately 2, most likely due to a conformation-dependent decrease in lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino De Marco
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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7
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Zhou F, Wang CH, Warner JC. SYNTHESIS OF PHENYLENE 1,3- AND 1,44 bis(METHYLENE)-3-CARBAMOYL PYRIDINIUM BROMIDES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940409355392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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de Candia M, Summo L, Carrieri A, Altomare C, Nardecchia A, Cellamare S, Carotti A. Investigation of platelet aggregation inhibitory activity by phenyl amides and esters of piperidinecarboxylic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1439-50. [PMID: 12628670 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of anilides and phenyl esters of piperidine-3-carboxylic acid (nipecotic acid) were synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelet rich-plasma triggered by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adrenaline. As a rule, amides were about two times more active than the corresponding esters, and derivatives bearing substituents at the para position of the phenyl ring were significantly more active than the meta-substituted ones. Among the tested compounds, 4-hexyloxyanilide of nipecotic acid (18a) was found to be the most active one, its IC(50) value being close to that of the most active bis-3-carbamoylpiperidines reported in literature (ca. 40 micro M) and aspirin (ca. 60 microM) in ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation, respectively. Compared with the isomeric 4-hexyloxyanilides of piperidine-2-carboxylic (pipecolinic) and piperidine-4-carboxylic (isonipecotic) acids, compound 18a showed higher activity, and a Hansch-type quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study highlighted lipophilicity and increase in electron density of the phenyl ring as the properties which mainly increase the antiplatelet activity (r(2)=0.74, q(2)=0.64). The interaction of nipecotoyl anilides with phosphatidylinositol, a major component of the inner layer of the platelet membranes, was investigated by means of flexible docking calculation methods to give an account of a key event underlying their biological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesto de Candia
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università degli Studi, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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9
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Voskressensky LG, de Candia M, Carotti A, Borisova TN, Kulikova LN, Varlamov AV, Altomare C. Investigation on the antiplatelet activity of pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-containing compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:323-32. [PMID: 12724037 DOI: 10.1211/002235702676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridines (THPPs), mostly C(2)-substituted derivatives, and some 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (THPIs) were synthesized and tested in-vitro for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adrenaline (epinephrine). 5-Benzyl THPP (3), 2-(benzylamino)methyl THPP (5f) and 2-ethyl THPI (6) moderately and dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and, to a lesser extent, by ADP. These compounds inhibited the second phase of the PRP aggregation triggered by adrenaline, which largely depends upon thromboxane A(2) production and ADP release. In the adrenaline stimulated aggregation, the THPI derivative 6 was found to be nearly equipotent with aspirin, their IC50 values (concentration effecting 50% inhibition of aggregation) being 90 and 60 microM, respectively. A relation between activity and calculated octanol-water partition coefficient suggested that a log P value around 2.5 should be the optimal lipophilicity value for the activity of THPP-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid G Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaia St, Moscow, 117198 Russia
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10
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Guo Z, Zheng X, Thompson W, Dugdale M, Gollamudi R. New carbamoylpiperidines as human platelet aggregation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1041-58. [PMID: 10882016 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-carbamoylpiperidines (nipecotamides) are designed, synthesized and tested for their inhibitory action against adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation of human platelets. A structure-activity analysis of the bis(nipecotamido)aralkane type showed that a substituent on the piperidine ring should preferably be an amide and that the electronegativity of the carbonyl oxygen and the orientation of the amide group affected activities. Based on the knowledge of factors influencing platelet activation and aggregation, a nitric ester moiety which could release nitric oxide (NO) in situ, is incorporated into the nipecotamide structure. These compounds exhibit increased activity compared to those having no -ONO2 function. They also show stereoselectivity, with the meso isomer being approximately twice as potent as the synthetic diastereomeric mixture. Replacement of the -ONO2 function with hydroxyl, ester or alkyl groups considerably diminishes aggregation-inhibitory potential. Nipecotamides are shown here to inhibit the basal and collagen-induced rise in platelet inositol trisphosphate (IP3) levels, as well as phosphoinositide turnover. A comprehensive mechanism of action is proposed taking earlier results into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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11
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Altomare C, Summo L, Cellamare S, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG, Borisova TN, Carotti A. Pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:581-4. [PMID: 10741558 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridines, isosteres of the antithrombotic drug ticlopidine, has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for the ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma induced by adenosin 5'-diphosphate (ADP). Structure-activity relationships showed their antiplatelet effects to be related to the lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Altomare
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy.
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12
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Han G, Bannerman D, Handa RK, Dillingham EO, Lawrence WH, Gollamudi R. Antiplatelet effects of R,S-(meso)-alpha, alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) piperidino]-p-xylene ex vivo in the dog and in vivo in the mouse. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1997; 28:617-21. [PMID: 9147034 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. The nipecotamide alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene (A-1) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. The meso diastereomer A-1c is superior in potency and duration to the synthetic diastereomeric mixture consisting of the R,R-, S,S-, and R,S- (meso) isomers in inhibiting collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in the dog. 2. A-1c also is more potent and longer acting than A-1 in protecting mice from collagen+epinephrine-induced thromboembolic death. 3. The mechanism of antiplatelet action of this compound appears to be related to its ability to prevent agonist-induced inhibition of platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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13
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Kuipers W, Kruse CG, van Wijngaarden I, Standaar PJ, Tulp MT, Veldman N, Spek AL, IJzerman AP. 5-HT1A-versus D2-receptor selectivity of flesinoxan and analogous N4-substituted N1-arylpiperazines. J Med Chem 1997; 40:300-12. [PMID: 9022796 DOI: 10.1021/jm960496o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the structural requirements for high 5-HT1A affinity of the agonist flesinoxan and its selectivity versus D2 receptors. For this purpose a series of arylpiperazine congeners of flesinoxan were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to displace [3H]-8-OH-DPAT and [3H]spiperone from their specific binding sites in rat frontal cortex homogenates and rat striatum, respectively. Variations were made in the N4-substituent and the arylpiperazine region. Effects of N4-substitution in the investigated compounds appeared to be quite similar for 5-HT1A- and D2-receptor affinity. Lipophilicity at a distance of four carbon atoms from the piperazine N4 atom seems to be the main contributing factor to affinity for both receptors. Our data show that the amide group in the flesinoxan N4-substituent is unlikely to interact with the 5-HT1A receptor but, instead, acts as a spacer. In contrast to the structure-affinity relationships (SARs) of the N4-substituents, selectivity for 5-HT1A versus D2 receptors was gained by the arylpiperazine substitution pattern of flesinoxan. Restriction of flexibility of the N4-(benzoylamino)ethyl substituent and its effect on 5-HT1A-receptor affinity and activity were also studied. Our data show that in the bioactive conformation, the N4-[(p-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl substituent is probably directed anti-periplanar relative to the HN4 atom. These results were used to dock flesinoxan (1) and two of its congeners (27 and 33) into a model of the 5-HT1A receptor that we previously reported. Amino acid residues surrounding the N4-[(p-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl substituent of flesinoxan and its congeners are also present in D2 receptors. In contrast, several residues that contact the benzodioxane moiety differ from those in D2 receptors. These observations from the 3D model agree with the 5-HT1A SAR data and probably account for the selectivity of flesinoxan versus D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuipers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, DA Weesp, The Netherlands.
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14
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Handa RK, Dillingham EO, Gollamudi R. Antithrombotic nipecotamide increases cyclic AMP levels and inhibits protein phosphorylation in human platelets. Life Sci 1995; 57:983-8. [PMID: 7643723 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02033-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene dihydrobromide (A-1), a typical antithrombotic nipecotamide, elevated the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in human platelets in vitro, without inhibiting cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). The compound elevated the basal cAMP levels, enhanced the prostaglandin (PG)E1-stimulated platelet adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, and prevented the ADP-induced decline of the latter. Collagen-induced phosphorylation of 20 and 47 kDa proteins was inhibited by IC50 and 0.5 x IC50 concentrations. In light of the known actions of A-1, it is suggested that stimulation of AC and inhibition of agonist-induced rise in cytosolic ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) may constitute an aspect of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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15
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Herron D, Dillingham EO, Lyman BA, Zheng X, Bond SE, Salgia SR, Gollamudi R. Inhibition of PAF-induced human platelet aggregation by antithrombotic nipecotomides. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1995; 52:309-18. [PMID: 7630919 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(95)90032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nipecotamides (piperidine-3-carboxamides) are potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced by a variety of agonists in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effects of six structural types of nipecotamides on human platelet aggregation induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in vitro, are studied. Evaluation of 15 racemates and stereoisomers of two nipecotamides showed that bis-nipecotoyl alkanes were more active than their mono congeners. Mono- and bis-nipecotoyl decanes were more potent than the corresponding hexanes. Lipophilicity was found to play a significant role in the antiplatelet activity of these compounds. The stereoselectivity in the PAF-antagonist potential of nipecotamides was less pronounced than that resulting from their action on ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation. Oxidation of the two benzylic carbon atoms of alpha, alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene.2HBr (A-1) to form 1,4-bis[3-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) piperidino]benzenedicarboxamide (A-40K), which has a second set of carbonyl oxygens but lacks basic N atoms, resulted in a remarkable loss of ADP-antagonist potency while retaining PAF-antagonist activity. It is suggested that in addition to their membrane effects, nipecotamides act at other sites, including the PAF receptor. Double reciprocal plots of PAF binding to gel-filtered platelets (GFP) in the presence and absence of a typical nipecotamide (A-1C) were indicative of competitive inhibition (Ki = 19.28 microM). Scatchard analysis of 3H-PAF binding to GFP suggested the presence of high, intermediate (I) and low affinity binding sites, of which the I site gave a KD/app of 0.332 nM with an estimated 564 sites/platelet. Key interactions of nipecotamides with the PAF receptor appear to be the following (i) electrostatic interactions of the two amide oxygens with a primary set of electropositive areas spaced at 5-7 A, (ii) in the case of appropriate compounds, electrostatic interactions of the two amide oxygens spaced at 10-12 A with corresponding secondary receptor sites carrying positive electrostatic potential, (iii) a hydrophobic moiety fitting into a hydrophobic pocket in the receptor, and (iv) the cationic piperidine N+ (at pH 7.4) interacting with a counterion, probably aspartic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Herron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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16
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Abstract
The stereoisomers of alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-piperidino]-p-xylene (1) were synthesized. Rac ethyl nipecotate was resolved by diastereomeric (-)-D- and (+)-L-tartrate salt formation. The enantiomeric esters were hydrolyzed to the corresponding nipecotic acids, which were then converted into t-BOC derivatives. Treatment of the latter with diethylamine/isobutyl chloroformate and removal of the t-BOC protecting group afforded (R)- and (S)-N,N-diethylnipecotamides. Condensation of the latter with alpha,alpha'-dibromo-p-xylene gave (R,R)- and (S,S)-1. The meso-diastereomer was obtained by stereospecific synthesis in addition to our earlier procedure involving fractional crystallization of the diastereomeric mixture obtained by synthesis. The latter was resolved earlier into 1A, 1B, and 1C using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the stereospecific synthesis now achieved, 1A and 1B are assigned the configurations, (R,R) and (S,S) respectively, and 1C is assigned the meso configuration. The (R,S) structure of the latter is also confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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17
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Han G, Bond SE, Lawrence WH, Dillingham EO, Zheng X, Gollamudi R. Synergistic antiplatelet effects of a nipecotamide A-1C and low dose aspirin. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:1373-9. [PMID: 7896048 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. The effects of an antithrombotic nipecotamide, A-1, and aspirin were examined separately and in combination, on human platelet aggregation in vitro and on collagen+epinephrine-induced thromboembolic death of mice in vivo. 2. Concurrent addition of the two agents to a platelet suspension resulted in a supraadditive inhibition. Racemic A-1 and its meso diastereomer A-1C behaved similarly in this respect. The IC50 value of rac. A-1 declined from 46.25 to 18.4 microM in the presence of aspirin. 3. In vivo, concurrent administration of A-1C and aspirin produced significant potentiation of antithrombotic activity. A 2-fold reduction in the ED50 of A-1C occurred when it was coadministered with aspirin to mice; also, the toxicity reduced slightly, increasing the therapeutic index by a factor of 2.2. 4. The design and synthesis of new compounds possessing the structural features of the two molecules appears to provide superior antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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18
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Lawrence WH, Howell RD, Gollamudi R. Antiplatelet activity of nipecotamides in experimental thrombosis in mice. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:222-5. [PMID: 8169794 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A group of nipecotamides (3-carbamoylpiperidines) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to protect platelets from induced aggregation. An in vivo mouse thrombosis model was used to determine the protection afforded by these compounds from sudden thrombotic death induced by intravenous collagen plus epinephrine. Enantioselectivity appears to play a pivotal role in determining the activity of these compounds. Lipophilicity, whereas previously found to correlate well with in vitro activity, did not directly influence in vivo activity. The presence of an amide function on the 3-position of the piperidine ring was essential for activity. Of the 10 compounds reported here, alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N-benzyl-N-methylcarbamoyl)-piperidino]-p-xyle ne dihydrobromide (4) was the most potent in preventing induced intravascular platelet aggregation in mice, with a 50% effective dose of (ED50) of 27.5 mumol (20 mg)/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Lawrence
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee-Memphis 38163
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19
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Gollamudi R, Feng Z, Dillingham EO, Bond SE, Han G, Salgia S. Enantioselective antiplatelet actions of nipecotamides. Thromb Res 1993; 69:361-7. [PMID: 8470057 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(93)90035-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two synthetic racemic nipecotamides, 1-decyl-3-(N,N- diethylcarbamoyl)piperidine hydrobromide (1) and alpha, alpha'-bis[3-(N-benzyl-N-methylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene dihydrobromide (2) were resolved on a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein semipreparative HPLC column. Thus, rac.1 was resolved into two enantiomers 1A-(+) and 1B-(-); rac.2 was separated into the optical antipodes 2A-(-) and 2C-(+), and the meso diastereomer 2B-(0). Also on a preparative scale, 97% pure 2C was obtained via diastereomeric salt formation using dibenzoyl-L-(-)-tartaric acid. The individual isomers were evaluated for their platelet aggregation inhibitory potency. In inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro, 1B-(-) was 4 times more potent than its optical antipode 1A-(+), and 2C-(+) was 6 times as active as 2A-(-); the meso diastereomer 2B-(0) had intermediate activity. With collagen as the 1B-(-) was twice as active as 1A-(+), and 2C-(+), the most active compound in this series (IC50 = 0.96 microM), was 10 times more potent than its antipode 2A-(-). Again, the meso diastereomer 2B-(0) had intermediate activity. These results demonstrate the enantioselective antiplatelet actions of mono- and bis- nipecotamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gollamudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee-Memphis 38163
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Abstract
1-Decyl-3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidine (1) and alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N-benzyl-N-methylcarbamoyl)piperidinol]-p-xyle ne (2) represent mono-N-substituted and bis-N-substituted carbamoylpiperidines, or nipecotic acid amides, respectively. Initially, several attempts were made to resolve these compounds using beta-cyclodextrin, cellulose carbamate and Pirkle-type columns. However, the interactions of the stereoisomers of the two compounds with these stationary phases did not differ enough to permit satisfactory separations. Baseline resolution was achieved using an alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) chiral column. The mobile phase was phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Tetrabutylammonium (TBA) was used as the cationic modifier and ethanol as the uncharged modifier. Circular dichroism was used to identify the enantiomers. Compound 1 was resolved into positive and negative enantiomers and 2 into positive and negative enantiomers and a meso diastereomer. The influence of pH, buffer ionic strength, cationic and uncharged modifier concentrations on retention, chiral selectivity and resolution were evaluated. Based on the results, it is suggested that both ionic and hydrophobic interactions may be responsible for retention and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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