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Agha KA, Abo-Dya NE, Issahaku AR, Agoni C, Soliman MES, Abdel-Aal EH, Abdel-Samii ZK, Ibrahim TS. Novel Sunifiram-carbamate hybrids as potential dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDAR co-agonist: simulation-guided analogue design and pharmacological screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1241-1256. [PMID: 35484855 PMCID: PMC9067966 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2068147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for synthesising NMDAR co-agonist Sunifiram (DM235), in addition to Sunifram-carbamate and anthranilamide hybrids, has been developed in high yields via protecting group-free stepwise unsymmetric diacylation of piperazine using N-acylbenzotiazole. Compounds 3f, 3d, and 3i exhibited promising nootropic activity by enhancing acetylecholine (ACh) release in A549 cell line. Moreover, the carbamate hybrid 3f was found to exhibit higher in vitro potency than donepezil with IC50 = 18 ± 0.2 nM, 29.9 ± 0.15 nM for 3f and donepezil, respectively. 3f was also found to effectively inhibit AChE activity in rat brain (AChE = 1.266 ng/mL) compared to tacrine (AChE = 1.137 ng/ml). An assessment of the ADMET properties revealed that compounds 3f, 3d, and 3i are drug-like and can penetrate blood-brain barrier. Findings presented here showcase highly potential cholinergic agents, with expected partial agonist activity towards glycine binding pocket of NMDAR which could lead to development and optimisation of novel nootropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Agha
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nader E. Abo-Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rashid Issahaku
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eatedal H. Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Zakaria K. Abdel-Samii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar B, Kumar N, Thakur A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Kumar V. A Review on the Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:729-751. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Neurological disorders are disease conditions related to the neurons and central nervous system (CNS). Any kind of structural, electrical, biochemical and functional abnormalities in neurons can lead to various types of disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, etc. Currently available medicines are symptomatic and do not treat the disease state. Thus, novel CNS active agents with the potential of complete treatment of an illness are highly desired. A range of small organic molecules are being explored as potential drug candidates for the cure of different neurological disorders. In this context, arylpiperazine has been found to be a versatile scaffold and indispensable pharmacophore in many CNS active agents. A number of molecules with arylpiperazine nucleus have been developed as potent leads for the treatment of AD, PD, depression and other disorders. The arylpiperazine nucleus can be optionally substituted at different chemical structures and offer flexibility for the synthesis of large number of derivatives. In the current review article, we have explored the role of various arylpiperazine containing scaffolds against different neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and depression. The structure-activity relationship studies were conducted for recognizing potent lead compounds. This review article may provide important clues on the structural requirements for the design and synthesis of effective molecules as curative agents for different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
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3
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Improving the reaction efficiency of condensation amidation of piperazine with benzoic acid based on kinetics study in microreactors. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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N-Acylbenzotriazole: convenient approach for protecting group-free monoacylation of symmetric diamines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Wang S, Dong G, Sheng C. Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:880-901. [PMID: 31649841 PMCID: PMC6804494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trend toward designing large hydrophobic molecules for lead optimization is often associated with poor drug-likeness and high attrition rates in drug discovery and development. Structural simplification is a powerful strategy for improving the efficiency and success rate of drug design by avoiding "molecular obesity". The structural simplification of large or complex lead compounds by truncating unnecessary groups can not only improve their synthetic accessibility but also improve their pharmacokinetic profiles, reduce side effects and so on. This review will summarize the application of structural simplification in lead optimization. Numerous case studies, particularly those involving successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug-like candidates, will be introduced and analyzed to illustrate the design strategies and guidelines for structural simplification.
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Key Words
- 11β-HSD, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- AM2, adrenomedullin-2 receptor
- BIOS, biology-oriented synthesis
- CCK, cholecystokinin receptor
- CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide
- Drug design
- Drug discovery
- GlyT1, glycine transport 1
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HLM, human liver microsome
- JAKs, Janus tyrosine kinases
- LE, ligand efficiency
- Lead optimization
- LeuRS, leucyl-tRNA synthetase
- MCRs, multicomponent reactions
- MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
- MW, molecular weight
- NP, natural product
- NPM, nucleophosmin
- PD, pharmacodynamic
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, protein kinase C
- Pharmacophore-based simplification
- Reducing chiral centers
- Reducing rings number
- SAHA, vorinostat
- SAR, structure‒activity relationship
- SCONP, structural classification of natural product
- Structural simplification
- Structure-based simplification
- TSA, trichostatin A
- TbLeuRS, T. brucei LeuRS
- ThrRS, threonyl-tRNA synthetase
- VANGL1, van-Gogh-like receptor protein 1
- aa-AMP, aminoacyl-AMP
- aa-AMS, aminoacylsulfa-moyladenosine
- aaRSs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
- hA3 AR, human A3 adenosine receptor
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Martino MV, Guandalini L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Ghelardini C, Romanelli MN. Piperazines as nootropic agents: New derivatives of the potent cognition-enhancer DM235 carrying hydrophilic substituents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1795-1803. [PMID: 28238510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The piperazine ring of the potent nootropic drug DM235 has been decorated with H-bond donor and acceptor groups (CH2OH, CH2OMe, CH2OCOMe, COOEt); the aim was to insert new functional groups, suitable for further chemical manipulation. The influence of these modifications on nootropic activity was assessed by means of the mouse passive avoidance test; some of the newly synthesized molecules (alcohol 7b, acetate 8b and ester 10d) showed interesting in vivo potency. This makes it possible to use these functional groups for adding other residues, in order to increase molecular diversity, or for anchoring a biotin group, to obtain compounds useful to capture the biological target. Moreover, the new compounds will improve our knowledge of structure activity relationships of this family of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Martino
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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7
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Huang FQ, Dong X, Qi LW, Zhang B. Visible-light photocatalytic α-amino C(sp3)–H activation through radical translocation: a novel and metal-free approach to α-alkoxybenzamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Huang FQ, Zhou GX, Dong X, Qi LW, Zhang B. Metal-Free C(sp3)-O Bond Formation through Radical Translocation: A Mild, Efficient, and Practical Approach to α-Alkoxybenzamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Guo-Xiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
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9
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Piplani P, Danta CC. Design and synthesis of newer potential 4-(N-acetylamino)phenol derived piperazine derivatives as potential cognition enhancers. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Gualtieri F. Unifi nootropics from the lab to the web: a story of academic (and industrial) shortcomings. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:187-94. [PMID: 25831025 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1021252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a review of the work of my former academic group of research in the past 15 years, in the field of cognition enhancers (also called nootropics) that identified two very potent molecules: Unifiram and Sunifiram that for a variety of reasons were not protected by a patent. Some 12 years after their disclosure (2000) I casually found that on the web, there were dozens of sites offering Unifiram and Sunifiram as drugs that improve cognition in healthy individuals even if only few preclinical studies were done and their long-term toxicity was unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Gualtieri
- a Department of Neurosciences , Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Fi) , Italy
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11
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Substituted piperazines as nootropic agents: 2- or 3-phenyl derivatives structurally related to the cognition-enhancer DM235. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1700-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Sudhakar G, Bayya S, Reddy KJ, Sridhar B, Sharma K, Bathula SR. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of the Proposed Structure of Piperazirum, Its Stereoisomers and Analogues. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Chin J, Kwon SH, Kim H, Chin P, So SM, Kim BM. Stereospecific Synthesis of γ,δ-Diamino Esters. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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15
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Influence of ring size on the cognition-enhancing activity of DM235 and MN19, two potent nootropic drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1936-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Xu CP, Xiao ZH, Zhuo BQ, Wang YH, Huang PQ. Efficient and chemoselective alkylation of amines/amino acids using alcohols as alkylating reagents under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7834-6. [PMID: 20830335 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Pei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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17
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Design, synthesis and nootropic activity of new analogues of sunifiram and sapunifiram, two potent cognition-enhancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7606-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new analogues of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram) as cognition modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:10034-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Sensitivity of different resistant tumour cell lines to the two novel compounds (2Z,4E)-2-methylsulfanyl-5-(1-naphthyl)-4-nitro-2,4-pentadienoate and (1E,3E)-1,4-bis(2-naphthyl)-2,3-dinitro-1,3-butadiene. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:47-51. [PMID: 18495109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of new naphthylnitrobutadienes with potential antiproliferative activity: Toward a structure/activity correlation. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Petrillo G, Fenoglio C, Ognio E, Aiello C, Spinelli D, Mariggiò MA, Maccagno M, Morganti S, Cordazzo C, Viale M. Naphthylnitrobutadienes as pharmacologically active molecules: evaluation of the in vivo antitumour activity. Invest New Drugs 2007; 25:535-44. [PMID: 17572851 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-007-9065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous interesting results in vitro on the antiproliferative activity of (1E,3E)-1,4-bis(1-naphthyl)-2,3-dinitro-1,3-butadiene (1-Naph-DNB) we have designed and synthesized the new molecule methyl (2Z,4E)-2-methylsulphanyl-5-(1-naphthyl)-4-nitro-2,4-pentadienoate (1-Naph-NMCB) characterized by the same naphthylnitrobutadiene array but with a different functional group at one end of the diene system. This new molecule showed an in vitro antiproliferative activity more significant than that found for the original 1-Naph-DNB. In order to verify in vivo our in vitro results we have tested the antitumour activity of 1-Naph-DNB and 1-Naph-NMCB in several murine tumour models, namely the myelomonocytic P388 and the Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL in BDF1 mice, the melanoma B16 in C57Bl mice, the fibrosarcoma WEHI 164 in nude mice and, finally, the C51 colon cancer in Balb/c mice. In the case of 1-Naph-NMCB the analysis of the antitumour activity has been preceded by toxicological experiments on CD-1 mice, in order to determine the lethal (LD) and the maximal tolerated (MTD) doses together with the spectrum of histological alterations caused by its iv administration. The results obtained show that the modification of the original structure of 1-Naph-DNB according to the molecular-simplification strategy has led to an asymmetric nitrobutadiene array, i.e. that of 1-Naph-NMCB, endowed with an antitumour activity which is in some cases even better than that showed by the parental compound itself, together with differences in tumour selectivity and negligible histological toxic effects.A promising, versatile route to new, more active and/or safe nitrobutadiene derivatives has thus been positively tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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22
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Romanelli MN, Galeotti N, Ghelardini C, Manetti D, Martini E, Gualtieri F. Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancers. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2006; 12:39-52. [PMID: 16834757 PMCID: PMC6741768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram) are potent cognition-enhancers, which are four order of magnitude more potent than piracetam. These compounds, although not showing affinity in binding studies for the most important central receptors or channels, are able to prevent amnesia induced by modulation of several neurotransmission systems. These compounds are able to increase the release of acetylcholine from rat cerebral cortex, and, as far as unifiram is concerned, to increase the amplitude of fEPSP in rat hippocampal slices. In vitro experiments, performed on hippocampal slices, also supported the hypothesis of a role of the AMPA receptors for the cognition-enhancing properties of unifiram and sunifiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Scapecchi S, Martini E, Manetti D, Ghelardini C, Martelli C, Dei S, Galeotti N, Guandalini L, Novella Romanelli M, Teodori E. Structure–activity relationship studies on unifiram (DM232) and sunifiram (DM235), two novel and potent cognition enhancing drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:71-85. [PMID: 14697772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships on two novel potent cognition enhancing drugs, unifiram (DM232, 1) and sunifiram (DM235, 2), are reported. Although none of the compounds synthesised reached the potency of the parent drugs, some fairly active compounds have been identified that may represent new leads to develop other cognition enhancing drugs. An interesting result of this research is the identification of two compounds (13 and 14) that are endowed with amnesing activity (the opposite of the activity of the original molecules) and are nearly equipotent to scopolamine. Moreover, two compounds of the series (5 and 6) were found endowed with analgesic activity on a rat model of neuropathic pain at the dose of 1 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
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Scapecchi S, Martelli C, Ghelardini C, Guandalini L, Martini E, Gualtieri F. 2-pyrrolidinone moiety is not critical for the cognition-enhancing activity of piracetam-like drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:715-22. [PMID: 13679165 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Following the indications of previous work, 2-pyrrolidinone moiety of piracetam and piracetam-like compounds has been opened to the corresponding amide derivatives. As found previously in the case of 1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-one compounds, the cognition-enhancing activity of 2-pyrrolidinone compounds is maintained in most cases, suggesting that this moiety is not crucial for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy.
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Manetti D, Martini E, Ghelardini C, Dei S, Galeotti N, Guandalini L, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Bartolini A, Gualtieri F. 4-Aminopiperidine derivatives as a new class of potent cognition enhancing drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2303-6. [PMID: 12824022 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion of one of the nitrogens of the piperazine ring of potent nootropic drugs previously described gave 4-aminopiperidine analogues that maintained high cognition enhancing activity in the mouse passive avoidance test. One of the new compounds (9, active at 0.01 mg/kg ip) may represent a new lead for the development of cognition enhancers useful to treat the cognitive deficit produced by neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Manetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121, Firenze, Italy
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Ferber B, Lemaire S, Mader MM, Prestat G, Poli G. A new access to 3,5-disubstituted piperazinones via Pd(0)-catalyzed amination. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The novel nootropic compound DM232 (UNIFIRAM) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and rats. Drug Dev Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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