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Zong ZM, Zhang L, Li GP, Wang W, Zhao XJ, He Y. Electrochemical-Induced C-N Bond Formation: A New Method to Synthesis ( Z)-Quinazolinone Oximes Using Primary Amines and Quinazolin-4(3 H)-one. Org Lett 2024; 26:1271-1276. [PMID: 38323795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of diverse quinazolinone oximes via direct electrooxidation of primary amines/C(sp2)-H functionalization of oximes has been developed. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell under constant current conditions and is oxidant-free, open-air, and eco-friendly. Notably, the protocol shows good functional group tolerance, providing versatile quinazolinone oximes in good yields. Moreover, the mechanism is investigated through control experiments and cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Zong
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gan-Peng Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
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2
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New Estrone Oxime Derivatives: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation and Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092687. [PMID: 34064380 PMCID: PMC8125528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the introduction of the oxime group in molecules aiming to improve their biological effects is increasing. This work aimed to develop new steroidal oximes of the estrane series with potential antitumor interest. For this, several oximes were synthesized by reaction of hydroxylamine with the 17-ketone of estrone derivatives. Then, their cytotoxicity was evaluated in six cell lines. An estrogenicity assay, a cell cycle distribution analysis and a fluorescence microscopy study with Hoechst 3358 staining were performed with the most promising compound. In addition, molecular docking studies against estrogen receptor α, steroid sulfatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and β-tubulin were also accomplished. The 2-nitroestrone oxime showed higher cytotoxicity than the parent compound on MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, the oximes bearing halogen groups in A-ring evidenced selectivity for HepaRG cells. Remarkably, the Δ9,11-estrone oxime was the most cytotoxic and arrested LNCaP cells in the G2/M phase. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed the presence of condensed DNA typical of prophase and condensed and fragmented nuclei characteristic of apoptosis. However, this oxime promoted the proliferation of T47-D cells. Interestingly, molecular docking studies estimated a strong interaction between Δ9,11-estrone oxime and estrogen receptor α and β-tubulin, which may account for the described effects.
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3
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Lopes SMM, Santos JRC, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Reactivity of steroidal 1-azadienes toward enamines: an approach to novel chiral penta- and hexacyclic steroids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1122-1132. [PMID: 33438706 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical behavior of steroidal N-sulfonyl-1-azadienes toward carbonyl compounds, in the presence of pyrrolidine, is described. With aldehydes, these azadienes participate in hetero-Diels-Alder reactions with the in situ generated enamines. The stereoselectivity results from the approach of the dienophiles from the less hindered α-face of the steroid, with the pyrrolidine moiety endo and retention of the enamine trans geometry. This diastereoselective synthetic methodology led to a new class of chiral pentacyclic steroids. Interestingly, the studied steroidal scaffolds follow a different mechanistic pathway with cyclic ketones. They undergo a diastereoselective annulation reaction, under enamine catalysis, affording chiral hexacyclic steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M M Lopes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Joana R C Santos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Hryniewicka A, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Wielgat P, Car H, Hauschild T, Morzycki JW. Dehydroepiandrosterone derived imidazolium salts and their antimicrobial efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104550. [PMID: 33353805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid molecules consisting of steroid-imidazolium salts reveal interesting biological properties, especially regarding antimicrobial activities. Novel dehydroepiandrosterone derived imidazolium salts (11 salts) with side chains of different lengths were obtained in an efficient and straightforward synthetic route. Antimicrobial properties of new salts were examined by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). They were studied against several strains of bacteria, including clinical isolates of MRSA, and fungi. New compounds showed high activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans as well as good compatibility with the representatives of the host cells when applied at concentrations corresponding to MIC value. The studies indicated high antimicrobial efficacy of imidazolium salts against the above-mentioned microorganisms with low hemolytic activity at a concentration that restricts the growth of the microorganisms. The interference of salts with the immune defense system, the influence on the biological activity of monocytes/macrophages measured by their viability and metabolic activity was also studied. The new compounds have shown immunoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hryniewicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Przemysław Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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5
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Shrivash MK, Singh S, Shukla AK, Luqman S, Pandey J, Misra K. Water mediated procedure for preparation of stereoselective oximes as inhibitors of MRCK kinase. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Tang JJ, Li G, Gao JM. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel steroidal C-20 oxime ester derivatives from 16-DPA. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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7
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Zeferino-Díaz R, Olivera-Castillo L, Dávalos A, Grant G, Kantún-Moreno N, Rodriguez-Canul R, Bernès S, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Fernández-Herrera MA. 22-Oxocholestane oximes as potential anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Chen SR, Shen FJ, Liu SQ. Synthesis of Some Novel 4-Acyl-3-Oxo-4-Aza-5-Pregnene-20E-Oxime Ester Derivatives as Potent 5α-Reductase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13983475274161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rui Chen
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Juan Shen
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qian Liu
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P.R. China
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9
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Singha A, Dey A. Hydrogen atom abstraction by synthetic heme ferric superoxide and hydroperoxide species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5591-5594. [PMID: 31021337 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01423c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, artificial dioxygen adducts of heme have not been demonstrated to be able to oxidize organic substrates in sharp contrast to their non-heme analogues and naturally occurring enzymes like heme dioxygenases. To address this apparent anomaly, an iron porphyrin complex is synthesized which includes a pendant quinol group. The corresponding dioxygen bound iron porphyrin species is demonstrated to perform hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the quinol group appended to the porphyrin ligand. The resultant ferric peroxide, formed by the first HAT, performs a 2nd HAT generating a ferryl species (FeIV[double bond, length as m-dash]O) and resulting in the 2e-/2H+ oxidation of the pendant hydroquinone to quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Singha
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
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10
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Oh H, Choi S, Kim JY, Ahn HS, Hong S. Stoichiometric and electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide driven by a water-soluble copper(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12659-12662. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a water-soluble molecular copper complex was investigated as a catalyst for O2 reduction in both water and an organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Oh
- Department of Chemistry
- Sookmyung Women's University
- Seoul 04310
- Korea
| | - Suhyuk Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S. Ahn
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry
- Sookmyung Women's University
- Seoul 04310
- Korea
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11
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A mild system for synthesis of aldoximes and ketoximes in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide in aqueous system. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Lopes SMM, Sousa EP, Barreira L, Marques C, Rodrigues MJ, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of chiral tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused steroids. Steroids 2017; 122:16-23. [PMID: 28342744 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused steroids via [8π+2π] cycloaddition of diazafulvenium methides with steroidal scaffolds is reported. The biological evaluation of the new family of hexacyclic steroids as anti-cancer agents was also carried out. Hexacyclic steroids bearing a benzyl group at C-22, derived from 16-dehydropregnenolone and 16-dehydroprogesterone, show considerable cytotoxicity against EL4 (murine T-lymphoma) in contrast with the corresponding C-22-unsubstituted derivatives showing low cytotoxicity. Thus, results indicate that the presence of the benzyl group is important to ensure cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M M Lopes
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emanuel P Sousa
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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13
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Savchenko RG, Kostyleva SA, Meshcheryakova ES, Khalilov LM, Parfenova LV, Odinokov VN. Synthesis of novel α-aminoecdysteroids via regio- and stereoselective oximation/hydrogenation of 20-hydroxyecdysone derivatives. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oximation of 20-hydroxyecdysone oxo derivatives proceeds regio- and stereoselectively and provides (E)-configured oximes in quantitative yields. The Ni–Ra-catalyzed hydrogenation of the oximes affords novel α-aminoecdysteroids with the unchanged 14α-hydroxy-7-en-6-on native chromophore of ecdysteroids. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by the means of homo- and heteronuclear one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma G. Savchenko
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana A. Kostyleva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Leonard M. Khalilov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Odinokov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
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14
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Schroeder RL, Tram P, Liu J, Foroozesh M, Sridhar J. Novel functionalized 5-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane analogs exhibiting cytochrome P450 inhibition: a patent evaluation WO2015048311 (A1). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 26:139-47. [PMID: 26514241 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450's (CYP's) constitute a diverse group of over 500 monooxygenase hemoproteins, catalyzing transformations that involve xenobiotic metabolism, steroidogenesis and other metabolic processes. Over-production of the steroid hormone cortisol is implicated in the progression of diseases such as diabetes, heart failure and hypertension, stroke, Cushing's syndrome, obesity and renal failure, among others. The biosynthesis of cortisol involves a cascade of cholesterol metabolizing reactions regulated through three major CYP proteins: 17α-hydroxylase-C17/20-lyase (CYP17), 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). Excess activities of these enzymes are linked to the progression of malignancies including prostate, breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. A series of novel functionalized dioxane analogs have been developed and recently patented as CYP17, CYP21, and CYP11B1 inhibitors, which lead to the modulation of cortisol production as a method for treating, delaying, slowing, and inhibiting the implicated diseases. The findings disclosed in this patent have been analyzed and compared with the literature data on inhibitors of CYP17, CYP21, and CYP11B1. The compiled data provide insight into the novel functionality of the compounds described in the patent. In this regard, an objective opinion on the effectiveness and novel biochemistry of these compounds in comparison to current CYP inhibitors used in the treatment of cortisol-related diseases is presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Schroeder
- a Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Phan Tram
- a Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Jiawang Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Maryam Foroozesh
- a Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- a Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
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15
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Iron-catalyzed highly efficient aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles direct from oximes in water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Yu J, Jin Y, Lu M. 3-Methyl-4-oxa-5-azahomoadamantane as an Organocatalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Oximes in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Yu J, Lu M. Copper(ii)-promoted direct conversion of methylarenes into aromatic oximes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7397-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient catalytic system for direct conversion of methylarenes into aromatic oximes has been developed, with Cu(OAc)2 as catalyst, NHPI (N-hydroxyphthalimide) as additive, tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as both the nitrogen source and the oxidant. The process proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates a wide range of substrates, affording the corresponding aromatic oximes in 63–86% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Yu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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18
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Banday AH, Shameem SA, Jeelani S. Steroidal pyrazolines and pyrazoles as potential 5α-reductase inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. Steroids 2014; 92:13-9. [PMID: 25278254 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Taking pregnenolone as the starting material, two series of pyrazolinyl and pyrazolyl pregnenolones were synthesized through different routes. The synthesis of the analogs of both series is multistep and proceeds in good overall yields. While the key step in the synthesis of pyrazolinyl pregnenolones is the heterocyclization of benzylidine derivatives (3) in presence of hydrazine hydrate, it is the condensation of 3β-hydroxy-21-hydroxymethylidenepregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one (5) with phenylhydrazine in the synthesis of pyrazolyl derivatives. Compounds of both the series were tested for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities. Amongst all the compounds screened for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities, compound 4b, 4c and 6b were found to be the most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Banday
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
| | - Shameem A Shameem
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
| | - Salika Jeelani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190002, India
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19
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Yu J, Cao X, Lu M. A novel and efficient catalytic system including TEMPO/acetaldoxime/InCl3 for aerobic oxidation of primary amines to oximes. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Barbakadze NN, Jones RA, Rosario NR, Nadaraia NS, Kakhabrishvili ML, Dennis Hall C, Katritzky AR. Chemical modification of oximes with N-protected amino acids. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives of pregnane, androstane andd-homoandrostane. Tandem “click” reaction/Cu-catalyzedd-homo rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3707-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Radwan AA, Alanazi FK. Targeting cancer using cholesterol conjugates. Saudi Pharm J 2014; 22:3-16. [PMID: 24493968 PMCID: PMC3909757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of cholesterol moiety to active compounds for either cancer treatment or diagnosis is an attractive approach. Cholesterol derivatives are widely studied as cancer diagnostic agents and as anticancer derivatives either in vitro or in vivo using animal models. In largely growing studies, anticancer agents have been chemically conjugated to cholesterol molecules, to enhance their pharmacokinetic behavior, cellular uptake, target specificity, and safety. To efficiently deliver anticancer agents to the target cells and tissues, many different cholesterol-anticancer conjugates were synthesized and characterized, and their anticancer efficiencies were tested in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awwad A. Radwan
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Fares K. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Acharya PC, Bansal R. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Some Androstene Oximes and TheirO-Alkylated Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:193-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
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24
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Sethi A, Bhatia A, Maurya A, Panday A, Bhatia G, Shrivastava A, Singh RP, Prakash R. Proficient synthesis of biologically active pregnane derivatives and its glycoside – Experimental and theoretical approach. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Salvador JAR, Pinto RMA, Silvestre SM. Steroidal 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) inhibitors useful in the treatment of prostatic diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:199-222. [PMID: 23688836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of steroidal inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis as potential weapons in the treatment of prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer will be reviewed. Two enzymes have been targeted in the development of inhibitors that potentially could be useful in the management of such conditions. 5α-Reductase is primarily of interest in benign prostatic disease, though some role in the chemoprevention of prostatic carcinoma have been considered, whereas the 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) enzyme is of interest in the treatment of malignant disease. An overview of the main achievements obtained during the past years will be presented, however special focus will be made on steroidal molecules that reached clinical trials or have been commercially launched. Relevant examples of such drugs are finasteride, dutasteride, abiraterone acetate and galeterone (TOK-001, formerly known as VN/124-1). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Stulov SV, Misharin AY. Synthesis of steroids with nitrogen-containing substituents in ring D (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chandrappa S, Umashankara M, Vinaya K, Ananda Kumar C, Rangappa K. One-pot synthesis of aryl oxime analogues from methyl arenes using NBS and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthesis and 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of C₂₁ steroids having 1,4-diene or 4,6-diene 20-ones and 4-azasteroid 20-oximes. Molecules 2011; 17:355-68. [PMID: 22210173 PMCID: PMC6268135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of some 4-azasteroid-20-ones and 20-oximes and 3β-hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy-, or epoxy-substituted C₂₁ steroidal 20-ones and 20-oximes having double bonds in the A and/or B ring are described. Inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was assessed using 5α-reductase enzyme and [1,2,6,7-³H]testosterone as substrate. All synthesized compounds were less active than finasteride (IC₅₀: 1.2 nM). Three 4-azasteroid-2-oximes (compounds 4, 6 and 8) showed good inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 26, 10 and 11 nM) and were more active than corresponding 4-azasteroid 20-ones (compounds 3, 5 and 7). 3β-Hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy- and 1α,2α-, 5α,6α- or 6α,7α-epoxysteroid-20-one and -20-oxime derivatives having double bonds in the A and/or B ring showed no inhibition of 5α-reductase enzyme.
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Sridhar M, Narsaiah C, Raveendra J, Kondal Reddy G, Kishore Kumar Reddy M, China Ramanaiah B. Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of oximes from acetohydroxamic acid and carbonyl compounds using BF3·OEt2 as the catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Kaku T, Hitaka T, Ojida A, Matsunaga N, Adachi M, Tanaka T, Hara T, Yamaoka M, Kusaka M, Okuda T, Asahi S, Furuya S, Tasaka A. Discovery of orteronel (TAK-700), a naphthylmethylimidazole derivative, as a highly selective 17,20-lyase inhibitor with potential utility in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6383-99. [PMID: 21978946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel naphthylmethylimidazole derivative 1 and its related compounds were identified as 17,20-lyase inhibitors. Based on the structure-activity relationship around the naphthalene scaffold and the results of a docking study of 1a in the homology model of 17,20-lyase, the 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole derivative (+)-3c was synthesized and identified as a potent and highly selective 17,20-lyase inhibitor. Biological evaluation of (+)-3c at a dose of 1mg/kg in a male monkey model revealed marked reductions in both serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations. Therefore, (+)-3c (termed orteronel [TAK-700]) was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation and is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kaku
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan.
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32
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Dhingra N, Bhardwaj TR, Mehta N, Mukhopadhyay T, Kumar A, Kumar M. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, acute toxicity and assessment of the antiandrogenic activities of new androstane derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1055-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Gratz A, Kuckländer U, Bollig R, Götz C, Jose J. Identification of novel CK2 inhibitors with a benzofuran scaffold by novel non-radiometric in vitro assays. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:83-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Kaku T, Tsujimoto S, Matsunaga N, Tanaka T, Hara T, Yamaoka M, Kusaka M, Tasaka A. 17,20-Lyase inhibitors. Part 3: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of biphenylylmethylimidazole derivatives as novel 17,20-lyase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2428-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Kaku T, Matsunaga N, Ojida A, Tanaka T, Hara T, Yamaoka M, Kusaka M, Tasaka A. 17,20-Lyase inhibitors. Part 4: Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships of naphthylmethylimidazole derivatives as novel 17,20-lyase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1751-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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36
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17-Oximino-5-androsten-3β-yl esters: synthesis, antiproliferative activity, acute toxicity, and effect on serum androgen level. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Hu Q, Yin L, Jagusch C, Hille UE, Hartmann RW. Isopropylidene Substitution Increases Activity and Selectivity of Biphenylmethylene 4-Pyridine Type CYP17 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5049-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lina Yin
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Campus A1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten Jagusch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrike E. Hille
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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38
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Dhingra N, Bhardwaj T, Mehta N, Mukhopadhyay T, Kumar A, Kumar M. Synthesis, antiproliferative, acute toxicity and assessment of antiandrogenic activities of some newly synthesized steroidal lactams. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Hu Q, Negri M, Olgen S, Hartmann R. The Role of Fluorine Substitution in Biphenyl Methylene Imidazole-Type CYP17 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Carcinoma. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:899-910. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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One step from nitro to oxime: a convenient preparation of unsaturated oximes by the reduction of the corresponding vinylnitro compounds. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Kim S, Ma E. Synthesis of pregnane derivatives, their cytotoxicity on LNCap and PC-3 cells, and screening on 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity. Molecules 2009; 14:4655-68. [PMID: 19924093 PMCID: PMC6255262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of epoxy- and/or 20-oxime pregnanes were synthesized from commercially available pregnenolone. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 8 and 11-13 were evaluated for cytotoxicity activity towards LNCaP (androgen-dependent) and PC-3 (androgen-independent) prostate cancer cells. Compound 13 showed the highest activity on both LNCaP (IC50 15.17 μM) and PC-3 (IC50 11.83 μM) cell lines. Compound 11 showed weak activity on LNCaP cells (IC 50 71.85 μM) and 8 showed the weak activity on PC-3 cells (IC50 68.95 μM), respectively. The 5α-reductase II (5AR2) inhibitory effects of compounds 1-3, 5 and 7-13 were investigated in a convenient screening model, in which compounds 5, 8, 11 and 12 were observed to be potential inhibitors of 5α-reductase, in particular, the 4-azasteroid 11, that also inhibited cell proliferation of androgen-dependent cells and 8, that in addition inhibited PC-3 cells more potently than LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunsook Ma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-53-850-3621, Fax: +82-53-850-3602
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42
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Jose J. Bioanalyse en chimie médicinale : de la mise au point d’analyses à la conception évolutive de médicaments. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2009; 67:399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Pinto-Bazurco Mendieta MAE, Negri M, Hu Q, Hille UE, Jagusch C, Jahn-Hoffmann K, Müller-Vieira U, Schmidt D, Lauterbach T, Hartmann RW. CYP17 inhibitors. Annulations of additional rings in methylene imidazole substituted biphenyls: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:597-609. [PMID: 18720339 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one novel compounds originating from two classes of annulated biphenyls were synthesized as mimetics of the steroidal A- and C-rings and examined for their potency as inhibitors of human CYP17. Selected compounds were tested for inhibition of the hepatic CYP enzyme 3A4. Potent CYP17 inhibitors were found for each class, compound 9 (17 and 71% at 0.2 and 2 microM, respectively) and 21 (591 nM). Compound 21 showed only weak inhibition of CYP3A4 (32 and 64% at 2 and 10 microM, respectively). Both compounds, however, exhibited moderate to strong inhibition of the glucocorticoid-forming enzyme CYP11B1. The most interesting compounds were docked into our protein model. They bound into one of the modes which we have previously published. New interaction regions were identified.
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44
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45
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Hutschenreuter TU, Ehmer PB, Hartmann RW. Synthesis of Hydroxy Derivatives of Highly Potent Non-steroidal CYP 17 Inhibitors as Potential Metabolites and Evaluation of their Activity by a Non Cellular Assay using Recombinant Human Enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 19:17-32. [PMID: 15202489 DOI: 10.1080/14756360310001640913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of CYP 17 is a promising strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Recently two non-steroidal compounds with high in vitro activity were synthesized in our group (BW19 and BW95). However, after a few hours they showed in vivo a strong decrease in their activity. This might be due to a fast biodegradation. Potential hydroxy and epoxy metabolites were synthesized and their inhibitory activities were tested by a new non-cellular assay using recombinant enzyme. As source, membrane fractions of E. coli pJL17/OR coexpressing human CYP 17 and rat NADPH-P450-reductase were, used. Showing a high and constant CYP 17 activity and a fast and easy isolation procedure the new method was advantageous compared with the microsomal assay. Interestingly, all the new synthesized hydroxy and epoxy compounds except one showed a lower inhibition of CYP 17 than the parent compounds. Thus, the loss of in vivo activity may be partly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman U Hutschenreuter
- 8.5 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, PO Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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46
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Pinto-Bazurco Mendieta MAE, Negri M, Jagusch C, Müller-Vieira U, Lauterbach T, Hartmann RW. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of abiraterone analogues: novel CYP17 inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5009-18. [PMID: 18672868 DOI: 10.1021/jm800355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone, a steroidal cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Since steroidal compounds often show side effects attributable to their structure, we have tried to replace the sterane scaffold by nonsteroidal core structures. The design and synthesis of 20 new abiraterone mimetics are described. Their activities have been tested with recombinant human CYP17 expressed in E. coli. Promising compounds were further evaluated for selectivity against CYP11B1, CYP11B2, and the hepatic CYP3A4. Compounds 19 and 20 showed comparable activity to abiraterone (IC50 values of 144 and 64 nM vs 72 nM) and similar or even better selectivity against the other CYP enzymes. Selected compounds were also docked into our homology model, and the same binding modes as for abiraterone were found.
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47
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Hu Q, Negri M, Jahn-Hoffmann K, Zhuang Y, Olgen S, Bartels M, Müller-Vieira U, Lauterbach T, Hartmann RW. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of methylene imidazole substituted biaryls as inhibitors of human 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (CYP17)—Part II: Core rigidification and influence of substituents at the methylene bridge. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7715-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hannemann F, Bernhardt R, Jose J. Biocatalytic synthesis of 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one, a selective inhibitor of human 5alpha-reductase type II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 22:570-6. [PMID: 18035825 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701425311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis, the conversion of substrates into valuable products by the use of enzymes, has some striking advantages in comparison to standard organic chemistry for drug synthesis. By biocatalysis, substrates that contain several identical reactive groups at different positions can be converted with high regio-selectivity and enantio-selectivity. In this study, an E. coli isolate (E132) was identified which was able to convert the steroid desoxycorticosterone into the product 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one in real terms. The product was purified from the cell culture supernatant by HPLC and its structure was demonstrated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. It was tested on inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases type I and type II. At a concentration of 10 microM, inhibition was 49.0% for type I and 81.8% for type II, whereas there was no inhibition of human aromatase (CYP19) at 20 microM and human 17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (CYP17) at 2.5 microM detectable. The IC50 value of 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one for human 5alpha-reductase type II was determined to be 1.56 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hannemann
- Biochemistry, Saarland University, PO. Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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49
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Panter BU, Jose J, Hartmann RW. 5alpha-reductase in human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293: evidence for type II enzyme expression and activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 270:201-8. [PMID: 15792368 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-4508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human 5alpha-reductase catalyses the last step in androgen biosynthesis, namely the reduction of testosterone (T) to the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The enzyme is therefore considered to be an important drug target for androgen related diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. The present study displays evidence that the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 which is frequently used in recombinant target protein expression contains an endogenous 5alpha-reductase type II activity. After an incubation of 24 h 1 x 10(6) HEK293 cells converted 23% of the substrate 4-androstene-3,17-dione (7.5 nM) to the product 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out to identify the mRNA of the isoform responsible for the 5alpha-reductase activity. Only with type II specific primers a fragment with the predicted size was amplified, while with type I specific primers no band could be observed. An antiserum against human 5alpha-reductase type II was raised by immunizing a rabbit with a hemocyanin-conjugated peptide corresponding to amino acid 29 to 44 of the type II enzyme. Western blot analysis of different fractions of a HEK293 homogenate performed with this antiserum detected a band at 45 kDa in the nuclear and microsomal fraction corresponding to 5alpha-reductase type II protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baerbel U Panter
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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50
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Matsunaga N, Kaku T, Ojida A, Tanaka T, Hara T, Yamaoka M, Kusaka M, Tasaka A. C(17,20)-lyase inhibitors. Part 2: design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of (2-naphthylmethyl)-1H-imidazoles as novel C(17,20)-lyase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:4313-36. [PMID: 15265485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 06/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1- and 4-(2-naphthylmethyl)-1H-imidazoles (3 and 4) has been synthesized and evaluated as C(17,20)-lyase inhibitors. Several 6-methoxynaphthyl derivatives showed potent C(17,20)-lyase inhibition, suppression of testosterone biosynthesis in rats and reduction in the weight of prostate and seminal vesicles in rats, whereas most of these compounds increased the liver weight after consecutive administrations. The effect on the liver weight was removed by incorporation of a hydroxy group and an isopropyl group at the methylene bridge, as seen in (S)-28d and (S)-42. Selectivity for C(17,20)-lyase over 11beta-hydroxylase is also discussed, and (S)-42 was found to be a more than 260-fold selective inhibitor. Furthermore, (S)-42 showed a potent suppression of testosterone biosynthesis after a single oral administration in monkeys. These data suggest that (S)-42 may be a promising agent for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Matsunaga
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division: Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd, 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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