1
|
Azamatov AA, Zhurakulov SN, Vinogradova VI, Tursunkhodzhaeva F, Khinkar RM, Malatani RT, Aldurdunji MM, Tiezzi A, Mamadalieva NZ. Evaluation of the Local Anesthetic Activity, Acute Toxicity, and Structure-Toxicity Relationship in Series of Synthesized 1-Aryltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid Derivatives In Vivo and In Silico. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020477. [PMID: 36677539 PMCID: PMC9864514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids constitute one of the most common classes of alkaloids that have shown a pronounced role in curing various diseases. Finding ways to reduce the toxicity of these molecules and to increase their therapeutic margin is an urgent matter. Here, a one-step method for the synthesis of a series of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was performed in 85-98% yield by the Pictet-Spengler reaction. This was accomplished using the reaction between 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine and substituted benzaldehydes boiling in trifluoroacetic acid. Furthermore, 1-(3'-amino-, 4'-aminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines were obtained in 94% and 97% yield by reduction in 1-(3'-nitro-, 4'-nitrophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with SnCl2 × 2H2O. The structures of the substances obtained were confirmed by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectra. ADMET/TOPKAT in silico study concluded that the synthesized compounds exhibited acceptable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties without carcinogenic or mutagenic potential but with variable hepatotoxicity. The acute toxicity and structure-toxicity relationship (STR) in the series of 20 derivatives of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (3a-r, 4a, b) was studied via determination of acute toxicity and resorptive action in white mice employing intragastric step-by-step administration. The first compound, 1-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3a), showed the highest toxicity with LD50 of 280 mg/kg in contrast to 1-(3'-bromo -4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3e) which proved to be the safest of the compounds studied. Its toxicity was 13.75 times lower than that of the parent compound 3a. All compounds investigated showed high local anesthetic activity on rabbit eyes in the concentrations studied. Only 3r, 3n, and 4a caused eye irritation and redness. All investigated derivatives (except 4b) in 1% concentration were more active than lidocaine, providing longer duration of complete anesthesia. Therefore, based on the obtained results of in silico tests, local anesthesia, and acute toxicity, a conclusion can be drawn that the experimental compounds need further extensive future investigations and possible modifications so that they can act as promising drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizbek A. Azamatov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Sherzod N. Zhurakulov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan Named after Mirzo Ulugbek, University Str. 4, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Valentina I. Vinogradova
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Firuza Tursunkhodzhaeva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Roaa M. Khinkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania T. Malatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Aldurdunji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu J, Bart AG, Wu Q, Criscione KR, McLeish MJ, Scott EE, Grunewald GL. Structure-Based Drug Design of Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Possessing Low Nanomolar Affinity at Both Substrate Binding Domains 1. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13878-13898. [PMID: 33147410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of epinephrine and is a potential drug target, primarily for the control of hypertension. Unfortunately, many potent PNMT inhibitors also possess significant affinity for the a2-adrenoceptor, which complicates the interpretation of their pharmacology. A bisubstrate analogue approach offers the potential for development of highly selective inhibitors of PNMT. This paper documents the design, synthesis, and evaluation of such analogues, several of which were found to possess human PNMT (hPNMT) inhibitory potency <5 nM versus AdoMet. Site-directed mutagenesis studies were consistent with bisubstrate binding. Two of these compounds (19 and 29) were co-crystallized with hPNMT and the resulting structures revealed both compounds bound as predicted, simultaneously occupying both substrate binding domains. This bisubstrate inhibitor approach has resulted in one of the most potent (20) and selective (vs the a2-adrenoceptor) inhibitors of hPNMT yet reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Aaron G Bart
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Purdue School of Science, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Kevin R Criscione
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael J McLeish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Purdue School of Science, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Emily E Scott
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Gary L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jayaram V, Sridhar T, Sharma GVM, Berrée F, Carboni B. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoquinolines and Related Fused Pyridines from Alkenyl Boronic Esters via a Copper-Catalyzed Azidation/Aza-Wittig Condensation Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:843-853. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vankudoth Jayaram
- Organic
and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Tailor Sridhar
- Organic
and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Gangavaram V. M. Sharma
- Organic
and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leitch DC, John MP, Slavin PA, Searle AD. An Evaluation of Multiple Catalytic Systems for the Cyanation of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoyl Chloride: Application to the Synthesis of Lamotrigine. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Chemical Catalysis
Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of
Prussia, PA 19101, United States
| | - Matthew P. John
- High-Throughput
Chemistry Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
| | - Paul A. Slavin
- Global Manufacturing
and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Searle
- Global Manufacturing
and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang GJ, Zheng QH, Dou M, Zhuo LG, Meng W, Yu ZX. Mild-Condition Synthesis of Allenes from Alkynes and Aldehydes Mediated by Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ). J Org Chem 2013; 78:11783-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4018183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jie Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qin-Heng Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chelopo MP, Pawar SA, Sokhela MK, Govender T, Kruger HG, Maguire GEM. Anticancer activity of ruthenium(II) arene complexes bearing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline amino alcohol ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:407-14. [PMID: 23827181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes offer potential reduced toxicity compared to current platinum anticancer drugs. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrisoquinoline amino alcohol ligands were synthesised, characterised and coordinated to an organometallic Ru(II) centre. These complexes were evaluated for activity against the cancer cell lines MCF-7, A549 and MDA-MB-231 as well as for toxicity in the normal cell line MDBK. They were observed to be moderately active against only the MCF-7 cells with the best IC₅₀ value of 34 μM for the cis-diastereomeric complex C4. They also displayed excellent selectivity by being relatively inactive against the normal MDBK cell line with SI values ranging from 2.3 to 7.4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madichaba P Chelopo
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurouchi H, Kawamoto K, Sugimoto H, Nakamura S, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Activation of electrophilicity of stable Y-delocalized carbamate cations in intramolecular aromatic substitution reaction: evidence for formation of diprotonated carbamates leading to generation of isocyanates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9313-28. [PMID: 23025848 DOI: 10.1021/jo3020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although cations with three heteroatoms, such as monoprotonated guanidine and urea, are stabilized by Y-shaped conjugation and such Y-conjugated cations are sufficiently basic to be further protonated (or protosolvated) to dications in strongly acid media, only O-monoprotonated species have been detected in the case of carbamates even in magic acid. We found that the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-catalyzed cyclization of arylethylcarbamates proceeds to afford dihydroisoquinolones in high yield. In strong acids, methyl carbamates are fully O-monoprotonated, and these monocations do not undergo cyclization even under heating. But, as the acidity of the reaction medium is further increased, the cyclization reaction of methyl phenethylcarbamates starts to proceed as a first-order reaction, with a linear relationship between rate and acidity. The sign and magnitude of the entropy of activation ΔS(‡) were found to be similar to those of other A(Ac)1 reactions. These results strongly support the idea that further protonation of the O-protonated carbamates is involved in the cyclization, but the concentration of the dications is very low and suggests that the rate-determining step is dissociation of methanol from the diprotonated carbamate to generate protonated isocyanate, which reacts with the aromatic ring. Therefore, O-protonated carbamates are weak bases in sharp contrast to other Y-shaped monocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kurouchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Riniker S, Christ CD, Hansen N, Mark AE, Nair PC, van Gunsteren WF. Comparison of enveloping distribution sampling and thermodynamic integration to calculate binding free energies of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:024105. [PMID: 21766923 DOI: 10.1063/1.3604534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative binding free energy between two ligands to a specific protein can be obtained using various computational methods. The more accurate and also computationally more demanding techniques are the so-called free energy methods which use conformational sampling from molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations to generate thermodynamic averages. Two such widely applied methods are the thermodynamic integration (TI) and the recently introduced enveloping distribution sampling (EDS) methods. In both cases relative binding free energies are obtained through the alchemical perturbations of one ligand into another in water and inside the binding pocket of the protein. TI requires many separate simulations and the specification of a pathway along which the system is perturbed from one ligand to another. Using the EDS approach, only a single automatically derived reference state enveloping both end states needs to be sampled. In addition, the choice of an optimal pathway in TI calculations is not trivial and a poor choice may lead to poor convergence along the pathway. Given this, EDS is expected to be a valuable and computationally efficient alternative to TI. In this study, the performances of these two methods are compared using the binding of ten tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives to phenylethanolamine N-transferase as an example. The ligands involve a diverse set of functional groups leading to a wide range of free energy differences. In addition, two different schemes to determine automatically the EDS reference state parameters and two different topology approaches are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ture A, Rubina K, Rozhkov E, Kauss V. Application of the heck reaction for the synthesis of 1-alkoxyisoquinoline- 3-carboxylic acids esters. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
10
|
Nair PC, Malde AK, Mark AE. Using Theory to Reconcile Experiment: The Structural and Thermodynamic Basis of Ligand Recognition by Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PNMT). J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1458-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ct1007229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C. Nair
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and ‡Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Alpeshkumar K. Malde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and ‡Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Alan E. Mark
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and ‡Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline based organocatalysts for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions: insight into the catalytic mode using ROESY NMR and DFT studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Sun X, Yu F, Ye T, Liang X, Ye J. Catalytic asymmetric Michael reactions of α,β-unsaturated ketones with sulfonyl-containing nucleophiles: chiral synthesis of (R)-muscone and (S)-celery ketone. Chemistry 2010; 17:430-4. [PMID: 21207555 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-diamine ligands and their application in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Chakka SK, Andersson PG, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG, Govender T. Synthesis and Screening of C1-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Zhu Q, Lu Y. Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Vinyl Sulfone: An Organocatalytic Access to Chiral Amines. Org Lett 2009; 11:1721-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9003349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Medicinal Chemistry Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore, 117543
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry & Medicinal Chemistry Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore, 117543
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grunewald GL, Seim MR, Bhat SR, Wilson ME, Criscione KR. Synthesis of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridines and comparison with their isosteric 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:542-59. [PMID: 18024134 PMCID: PMC2269732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridines (THTPs) was synthesized and evaluated for their human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (hPNMT) inhibitory potency and affinity for the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. The THTP nucleus was suggested as an isosteric replacement for the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system on the basis that 3-thienylmethylamine (18) was more potent as an inhibitor of hPNMT and more selective toward the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor than benzylamine (15). Although the isosterism was confirmed, with similar influence of functional groups and chirality in both systems on hPNMT inhibitory potency and selectivity, the THTP compounds proved, in general, to be less potent as inhibitors of hPNMT than their THIQ counterparts, with the drop in potency being primarily attributed to the electronic properties of the thiophene ring. A hypothesis for the reduced hPNMT inhibitory potency of these compounds has been formed on the basis of molecular modeling and docking studies using the X-ray crystal structures of hPNMT co-crystallized with THIQ-type inhibitors and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine as a template.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jansa P, Macháček V, Nachtigall P, Wsól V, Svobodová M. Coordination compounds based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Molecules 2007; 12:1064-79. [PMID: 17873841 PMCID: PMC6149429 DOI: 10.3390/12051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of 2,6-bis[((3S)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]pyridine and its coordination compounds with Cu2+, Co2+, Co3+, or Fe3+ are described. By means of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra it was proved that 2,6-bis[((3S)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]pyridine as well as its coordination compound with Co3+ exist in the form of a mixture of three conformers, differing in the conformations at the two amide groups present. The prepared coordination compounds were tested in the enantioselective catalysis of the nitroaldol addition of nitromethane with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde or 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and in the Michael addition of ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate to but-3-en-2-one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jansa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic; E-mail:
| | - Vladimír Macháček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic; E-mail:
| | - Vladimír Wsól
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carrupt PA, Testa B, Gaillard P. Computational Approaches to Lipophilicity: Methods and Applications. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470125885.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
|
20
|
Abaev VT, Dmitriev AS, Podelyakin SA, Butin AV, Gutnov AV. Furan ring opening - isocoumarine ring closure: A recyclization reaction of 2-carboxyaryldifurylmethanes. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Zalán Z, Martinek TA, Lázár L, Sillanpää R, Fülöp F. Synthesis and conformational analysis of tetrahydroisoquinoline- and piperidine-fused 1,3,4,2-oxadiazaphosphinanes, new ring systems. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Grunewald GL, Lu J, Criscione KR, Okoro CO. Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase devoid of α2-adrenoceptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5319-23. [PMID: 16169723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was synthesized and evaluated for their phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitory potency and affinity for the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. Although their PNMT inhibitory potency decreased compared with corresponding 3-methyl-, 3-hydroxymethyl- or 3-unsubstituted-THIQs, some of them showed good selectivity due to their extremely low alpha(2)-adrenoceptor affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grunewald GL, Romero FA, Chieu AD, Fincham KJ, Bhat SR, Criscione KR. Exploring the active site of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: 3-alkyl-7-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1261-73. [PMID: 15670935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-alkyl-7-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was synthesized and these compounds were evaluated for their PNMT inhibitory potency and affinity for the alpha2-adrenoceptor. 7-Nitro-, 7-bromo-, 7-aminosulfonyl-, or 7-N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylaminosulfonyl-THIQs that possess a 3-alkyl substituent that is longer than a methyl group showed decreased PNMT inhibitory potency, except for 3-propyl-7-aminosulfonyl-THIQ, which displayed excellent PNMT inhibitory potency. The rank order for selectivity (PNMT vs the alpha2-adrenoceptor) is 3-alkyl-7-aminosulfonyl-THIQs congruent with 3-alkyl-7-N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylaminosulfonyl-THIQs>3-alkyl-7-nitro-THIQs>3-alkyl-7-bromo-THIQs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Malott Hall, Room 4060, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grunewald GL, Dahanukar VH, Criscione KR. Effects of a 3-alkyl-, 4-hydroxy- and/or 8-aromatic-substituent on the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor potency and alpha2-adrenoceptor affinity of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepines. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1957-65. [PMID: 11504632 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine (THBA; 1) is nearly 100-fold more selective an inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) versus the alpha2-adrenoceptor than is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ; 2) (1: PNMT K(i)= 3.3 microM, alpha2-adrenoceptor K(i) = 11 microM, selectivity [alpha2 K(i)/PNMT K(i)] = 3.3; 2: PNMT K(i) = 9.7 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 0.35 microM, selectivity=0.036;). Since the PNMT inhibitory activity and selectivity of THIQ were enhanced by the introduction of a hydrophilic electron-withdrawing 7-substituent and a 3-alkyl-substituent, a similar study was conducted on THBA. 8-Nitro-THBA (3) was found to be as potent an inhibitor of PNMT as its THIQ analogue (21) and to be more selective due to its reduced alpha2-adrenoceptor affinity (3: PNMT K(i) = 0.39 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 66 microM, selectivity = 170; 21: PNMT K(i) = 0.41 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 4.3 microM, selectivity = 10). Introduction of a 3-alkyl substituent on the THBA nucleus decreased both the alpha2-adrenoceptor affinity and the PNMT inhibitory activity, suggesting an area of steric bulk intolerance at both sites. 4-Hydroxy-THBA (15), which can be considered a conformationally-restricted analogue of 3-hydroxymethyl-THIQ (30), exhibited poorer PNMT inhibitory activity and less selectivity than 30 (15: PNMT K(i) = 58 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 100 microM, selectivity = 1.7; 30: PNMT K(i) = 1.1 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 6.6 microM, selectivity = 6.0). While the addition of an 8-nitro group to 15 increased the selectivity of 16 as compared to its THIQ analogue (31), it was not as potent at PNMT nor as selective as 8-nitro-THBA (3) (16, PNMT K(i) = 5.3 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 680 microM, selectivity = 130; 31: PNMT K(i) = 0.29 microM, alpha2 K(i) = 19 microM, selectivity = 66). Compound 3 is the most selective (PNMT/alpha2) and one of the more potent at PNMT compounds yet reported in the benzazepine series, and should have sufficient lipophilicity to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (CLogP = 1.8).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grunewald GL, McLeish MJ, Criscione KR. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase kinetics: bovine versus recombinant human enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1579-82. [PMID: 11412985 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epinephrine (Epi) acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, but its function therein is not well understood. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of Epi and is thus a pharmacological target to investigate the function of Epi in the central nervous system. The kinetic differences between bovine adrenal PNMT and human brain PNMT for a number of substrates and inhibitors are examined and the results reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 4060 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grunewald GL, Caldwell TM, Li Q, Criscione KR. 1,3-Dimethyl-7-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as probes for the binding orientation of tetrahydroisoquinoline at the active site of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:869-80. [PMID: 10400340 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the function of epinephrine (Epi) in the central nervous system, we have targeted the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of Epi, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; EC 2.1.1.28). 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) are inhibitors of this enzyme, but also display affinity for the alpha2-adrenoceptor. To gain further understanding about how THIQs bind at the PNMT active site and in an attempt to further increase the selectivity of THIQ-type inhibitors versus the alpha2-adrenoceptor, a series of cis- and trans-1,3-dimethyl-7-substituted-THIQs were synthesized. Evaluation of these compounds suggests that THIQs bind in two different orientations at the PNMT active site, based on the lipophilicity of the 7-substituent. However, no significant increases in selectivity versus the alpha2-adrenoceptor were observed for these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grunewald GL, Caldwell TM, Dahanukar VH, Jalluri RK, Criscione KR. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) models of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and the alpha2-adrenoceptor: the development of new, highly selective inhibitors of PNMT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:481-6. [PMID: 10091706 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a guide to the development of new and more selective inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) vs the alpha2-adrenoceptor, we have performed a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) on a series of 80 benzylamine analogues. Using the models obtained, we have proposed a series of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and predicted the activity of other analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Grunewald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Langry KC. SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZOQUINOLINES AND IMIDAZOISOQUINOLINES FROM AZANAPHTHALENE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949409458033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Majer P, Slaninová J, Lebl M. Synthesis of methylated phenylalanines via hydrogenolysis of corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. Synthesis and biological activity of oxytocin analogs with methylated phenylalanines in position 2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:62-8. [PMID: 8138352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new method of synthesizing ortho-methylated phenylalanines has been developed. Phenylalanines with at least one free ortho-position undergo a Pictet-Spengler cyclization with formaldehyde followed by hydrogenolytic splitting of the endocyclic benzylic C--N bond of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and afford corresponding ortho-methyl derivatives. Repeating this reaction sequence on the ortho-substituted phenylalanines yielded ortho,ortho-disubstituted derivatives, and para-substituted phenylalanines yielded ortho,para-disubstituted analogs. Our modified method of cyclization preserved the configuration at the chiral center: hydrogenolysis, on the other hand, led to racemization. Incorporation of the methylated phenylalanines into position 2 of oxytocin led to, in the case of the D-isomers, potent uterotonic inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grunewald GL, Paradkar VM, Stillions DM, Ching F. A new procedure for regioselective synthesis of 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine (LY134046) and its 3-methyl analogue as inhibitors of phenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT). J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
A regioselective synthesis of 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine (LY134046), a potent phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|