1
|
Zhong Z, Ma TK, White AJP, Bull JA. Synthesis of Pyrazolesulfoximines Using α-Diazosulfoximines with Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1178-1183. [PMID: 38306458 PMCID: PMC10877601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Sulfoximines and pyrazoles are both important motifs in medicinal compounds. Here we report the synthesis and reactivity of sulfoximine diazo compounds as new reagents for the incorporation of sulfoximines. The use of N-silyl sulfoximines enabled formation of monosubstituted diazo compounds. Their application is demonstrated in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with alkynes to form pyrazole sulfoximines in a new combination of these important chemotypes. Further derivatization of the pyrazole sulfoximines is demonstrated, including silyl deprotection to form unprotected pyrazolesulfoximines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Tsz-Kan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Navarro G, Sotelo E, Raïch I, Loza MI, Brea J, Majellaro M. A Robust and Efficient FRET-Based Assay for Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Discovery. Molecules 2023; 28:8107. [PMID: 38138600 PMCID: PMC10745346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new modulators for Cannabinoid Receptors (CBRs) has garnered significant attention in drug discovery over recent years, owing to their manifold pathophysiological implications. In the context of hit identification, the availability of robust and sensitive high-throughput screening assays is essential to enhance the likelihood of success. In this study, we present the development and validation of a Tag-lite® binding assay designed for screening hCB1/hCB2 binding, employing a dual fluorescent ligand, CELT-335. Representative ligands for CBRs, exhibiting diverse affinity and functional profiles, were utilized as reference compounds to validate the robustness and efficiency of the newly developed Tag-lite® binding assay protocol. The homogeneous format, coupled with the sensitivity and optimal performance of the fluorescent ligand CELT-335, establishes this assay as a viable and reliable method for screening in hit and lead identification campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Research Center in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jose Brea
- Research Center in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Celtarys Research SL, Avda. Mestre Mateo, 2, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang C, Chen Z, Hu X, Yu S, Wang Z, Cheng J. Phosphine-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of cyclopropenones with dicarbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7712-7716. [PMID: 37702379 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01409f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a phosphine-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of cyclopropenones with dicarbonyl compounds as C-nucleophiles, leading to 1,3,3'-tricarbonyl compounds. During this neutral procedure, C-acylation is more dominant than O-acylation. This transition-metal free procedure features mild and neutral reaction conditions with good atom economy. As such, it represents a facile pathway to access 1,3,3'-tricarbonyl derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zhibin Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Shengxia Yu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenlian Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Onyeyilim EL, Ezeokonkwo MA, Ugwu DI, Uzoewulu CP, Eze FU, Okonkwo VI, Eze CC, Ezugwu JA. Carbohydrazide analogues: a review of synthesis and biological activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:661-682. [PMID: 34488610 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210831154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrazides and their Schiff bases are important class of heterocycles that are not only employed in the area of organic chemistry, but also have tremendous applications in physical and inorganic chemistry. A series of potential bioactive compounds, containing carbohydrazide functionality and their hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and screened for antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal and anti-inflammatory etc. This brief review discloses some synthetic route to so many reported carbohydrazides, their Schiff bases, their biological activities and their structure activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Izuchukwu Ugwu
- Department of pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria
| | | | - Florence Uchenna Eze
- Department of pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria
| | - Vivian Ifeoma Okonkwo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology University of Nigeria, Nsukka University of Nigeria, Nsukka (410001). Nigeria
| | - Cosmas Chinweike Eze
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang BE, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Liang Q, Qiu ZL, Sun XB, Yang JJ, Chen S, Yi C, Chai X, Liu M, Yu LF, Lu W, Zhang HK. From a Designer Drug to the Discovery of Selective Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonists with Favorable Pharmacokinetic Profiles for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2020; 64:385-403. [PMID: 33382613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids, as exemplified by SDB-001 (1), bind to both CB1 and CB2 receptors and exert cannabimimetic effects similar to (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component present in the cannabis plant. As CB1 receptor ligands were found to have severe adverse psychiatric effects, increased attention was turned to exploiting the potential therapeutic value of the CB2 receptor. In our efforts to discover novel and selective CB2 receptor agonists, 1 was selected as a starting point for hit molecule identification and a class of 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were thus designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Systematic structure-activity relationship investigations resulted in the identification of the most promising compound 66 as a selective CB2 receptor agonist with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Especially, 66 treatment significantly attenuated dermal inflammation and fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of systemic sclerosis, supporting that CB2 receptor agonists might serve as potential therapeutics for treating systemic sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Er Jiang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.,Navy Medical Research Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Jiang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiuwen Liang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Liang Qiu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Bai Sun
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Yi
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Chai
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Han-Kun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mert S, Alım Z, İşgör MM, Anıl B, Kasımoğulları R, Beydemir Ş. Novel pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxamides bearing biologically active sulfonamide moiety as potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
7
|
One-pot diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized 4,5-dihydropyrroles by reactions of arylglyoxals, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and aromatic amines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Grant PS, Kahlcke N, Govindpani K, Hunter M, MacDonald C, Brimble MA, Glass M, Furkert DP. Divalent cannabinoid-1 receptor ligands: A linker attachment point survey of SR141716A for development of high-affinity CB1R molecular probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126644. [PMID: 31564385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonist SR141716A has proven useful for study of the endocannabinoid system, including development of divalent CB1R ligands possessing a second functional motif attached via a linker unit. These have predominantly employed the C3 position of the central pyrazole ring for linker attachment. Despite this precedent, a novel series of C3-linked CB1R-D2R divalent ligands exhibited extremely high affinity at the D2R, but only poor affinity for the CB1R. A systematic linker attachment point survey of the SR141716A pharmacophore was therefore undertaken, establishing the C5 position as the optimal site for linker conjugation. This linker attachment survey enabled the identification of a novel divalent ligand as a lead compound to inform ongoing development of high-affinity CB1R molecular probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Grant
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nils Kahlcke
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karan Govindpani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Morag Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christa MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand
| | - Daniel P Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flynn AJ, Ford A, Khandavilli UBR, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Regioselective Thermal [3+2]-Dipolar Cycloadditions of α-Diazoacetates with α
-Sulfenyl/Sulfinyl/Sulfonyl-β
-Chloroacrylamide Derivatives to Form Densely Functionalised Pyrazoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaran J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medicinal chemistry of vicinal diaryl scaffold: A mini review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:1-17. [PMID: 30396033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The privileged structures have been widely used as a valuable template in new drug discovery. 1,2-Diaryl or vicinal diaryl is a simple scaffold found in many drugs and naturally occurring compounds. From synthetic point of view, the vicinal diaryl derivatives are easily accessible due to their facile and expedient syntheses. These scaffolds have shown numerous interesting pharmacological activities against various diseases with lot of clinical potentials. This review aims to highlight the evidence of vicinal diaryl motif as a privileged scaffold in COX-2 inhibitors and CA-4 analogs.
Collapse
|
11
|
The kinetics of water-assisted tautomeric 1,2-proton transfer in azoles: a computational approach. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Lazzari P, Distinto R, Manca I, Baillie G, Murineddu G, Pira M, Falzoi M, Sani M, Morales P, Ross R, Zanda M, Jagerovic N, Pinna GA. A critical review of both the synthesis approach and the receptor profile of the 8-chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide and analogue derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:194-208. [PMID: 27240274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-Chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide 9a was discovered as potent and selective CB1 antagonist by part of our group few years ago. In particular it was reported to have an affinity towards the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), expressed as Ki, of 0.00035 nM. Nevertheless significantly divergent data were reported for the same compound from other laboratories. To unequivocally define the receptor profile of 9a, we have critically reviewed both its synthesis approach and binding data. Here we report that, in contrast to our previously reported data, 9a showed a Ki value for CB1R in the order of nanomolar rather than of fentomolar range. The new determined receptor profile of 9a was also ascertained for analogue derivatives 9b-i, as well as for 12. Moreover, the structural features of the synthesized compounds necessary for CB1R were investigated. Amongst the novel series, effects on CB1R intrinsic activity was highlighted due to the substituents at the position 3 of the pyrazole ring of the 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole scaffold. Although the cannabinoid receptor profile of 9a was reviewed in this work, the relevance of this compound in CB1R antagonist based drug discovery is confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzari
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy.
| | - Rita Distinto
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilaria Manca
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Gemma Baillie
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Pira
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Matteo Falzoi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Lab. Genetica, Università di Cagliari, Via T.Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Ross
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gérard Aimè Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glass M, Govindpani K, Furkert DP, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Flanagan JU. One for the Price of Two…Are Bivalent Ligands Targeting Cannabinoid Receptor Dimers Capable of Simultaneously Binding to both Receptors? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:353-363. [PMID: 26917061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent ligands bridging two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provide valuable pharmacological tools to target oligomers. The success of therapeutically targeting the cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been limited, in part due to its widespread neuronal distribution. Therefore, CB1 ligands targeting oligomers that exhibit restricted distribution or altered pharmacology are highly desirable, and several bivalent ligands containing a CB1 pharmacophore have been reported. Bivalent ligand action presumes that the ligand simultaneously binds to both receptors within the dimeric complex. However, based on the current understanding of CB1 ligand binding, existing bivalent ligands are too short to bind both receptors simultaneously. However, ligands with longer linkers may not be the solution, because evidence suggests that ligands enter CB1 through the lipid bilayer and, thus, linkers are unlikely to exit the receptor through its external face. Thus, the entire premise of designing bivalent ligands targeting CB1 must be revisited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karan Govindpani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel P Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Center for Drug Design, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Center for Drug Design, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Maurice Wilkens Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma MK, Murumkar PR, Kuang G, Tang Y, Yadav MR. Identifying the structural features and diversifying the chemical domain of peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists using molecular modeling techniques. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A four featured pharmacophore and predictive 3D-QSAR models were developed which were used for virtual screening of the Asinex database to get chemically diverse hits of peripherally active CB1 receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanglin Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara–390 001
- India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O-2050 facilitates noradrenaline release and increases the CB1 receptor inverse agonistic effect of rimonabant in the guinea pig hippocampus. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:621-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Discovery of new lead pyrimidines derivatives as potential cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic through molecular modeling and pharmacophore approach. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
18
|
NAJAFI CHERMAHINI ALIREZA, TEIMOURI ABBAS. Theoretical studies on proton transfer reaction of 3(5)-substituted pyrazoles. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Lu W, Li Y, Wang C, Xue D, Chen JG, Xiao J. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation for the construction of tertiary and quaternary carbon centers with sp3 carbon partners. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5243-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Frau S, Dall’Angelo S, Baillie GL, Ross RA, Pira M, Tseng CC, Lazzari P, Zanda M. Pyrazole-type cannabinoid ligands conjugated with fluoro-deoxy-carbohydrates as potential PET-imaging agents: Synthesis and CB1/CB2 receptor affinity evaluation. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
22
|
Synthesis, structure determination, and antioxidant activity of novel 1-pyrazolyl-3-substituted isoquinolines, 1-pyrrolyl 3-substituted isoquinolin-1-amine, and 1-pyrazolonyl-substituted isoquinolines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Naour ML, Akgün E, Yekkirala A, Lunzer MM, Powers MD, Kalyuzhny AE, Portoghese PS. Bivalent ligands that target μ opioid (MOP) and cannabinoid1 (CB1) receptors are potent analgesics devoid of tolerance. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5505-13. [PMID: 23734559 PMCID: PMC3849126 DOI: 10.1021/jm4005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Given that μ opioid (MOP) and canabinoid (CB1) receptors are colocalized in various regions of the central nervous system and have been reported to associate as heteromer (MOP-CB1) in cultured cells, the possibility of functional, endogenous MOP-CB1 in nociception and other pharmacologic effects has been raised. As a first step in investigating this possibility, we have synthesized a series of bivalent ligands 1-5 that contain both μ agonist and CB1 antagonist pharmacophores for use as tools to study the functional interaction between MOP and CB1 receptors in vivo. Immunofluorescent studies on HEK293 cells coexpressing both receptors suggested 5 (20-atom spacer) to be the only member of the series that bridges the protomers of the heteromer. Antinociceptive testing in mice revealed 5 to be the most potent member of the series. As neither a mixture of monovalent ligands 9 + 10 nor bivalents 2-5 produced tolerance in mice, MOR-CB1 apparently is not an important target for reducing tolerance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Drug Tolerance
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Injections, Spinal
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Structure
- Pain/physiopathology
- Pain/prevention & control
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Le Naour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Eyup Akgün
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Ajay Yekkirala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Mary M. Lunzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Mike D. Powers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Alexander E. Kalyuzhny
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Philip S. Portoghese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen W, Chen Z, Xue N, Zheng Z, Li S, Wang L. Effects of CB1 receptor blockade on monosodium glutamate induced hypometabolic and hypothalamic obesity in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:721-32. [PMID: 23620336 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) blockade were observed by comparing 9-day and 6-week SR141716 treatments in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced hypometabolic and hypothalamic obesity (HO) in rats for the first time and molecular mechanisms were investigated. Compared with normal rats, the MSG rats display typical symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., excessive abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, but with lower food intake. Although both the 9-day and 6-week treatments with the specific CB1R antagonist SR141716 effectively lowered body weight, intraperitoneal adipose tissue mass, serum triglyceride (TG), and insulin level, the effect of chronic treatment is more impressive. Moreover, serum cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFA), fasted and postprandial blood glucose, and insulin insensitivity were more effectively improved by 6-week exposure to SR141716, whereas hypophagia was only effective within the initial 2 weeks. In addition, hepatic steatosis as well as hepatic and adipocyte morphology was improved. Western blot analysis revealed that the markedly increased CB1R expression and decreased insulin receptor (INR) expression in liver and adipose tissues were effectively corrected by SR141716. Consistent with this, deregulated gene expression of lipogenesis and lipolysis as well as glucose metabolic key enzymes were also restored by SR141716. In conclusion, based on present data we found that: (1) alteration of the hypothalamus in MSG rats leads to a lower expression of INR in crucially insulin-targeted tissues and hyperinsulinemia that was reversed by SR141716, (2) the abnormally increased expression of CB1R in liver and adipose tissues plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of MSG rats, and (3) chronic CB1R blockade leads to a sustained improvement of the metabolic dysfunctions of MSG rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Çam S, Bildirici İ, Mengeş N, Tan M, Şener A. An Entry into Obtaining Pyrazole-, Chromone-, or Oxadiazole-Substituted 1H-Pyrazolesvia2,3-Furandiones. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Çam
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yüzüncü Yil University; Van 65080; Turkey
| | - İshak Bildirici
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yüzüncü Yil University; Van 65080; Turkey
| | - Nurettin Mengeş
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yüzüncü Yil University; Van 65080; Turkey
| | - Meltem Tan
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yüzüncü Yil University; Van 65080; Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şener
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yüzüncü Yil University; Van 65080; Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang P, Wang L, Feng R, Almehizia AA, Tong Q, Myint KZ, Ouyang Q, Alqarni MH, Wang L, Xie XQ. Novel triaryl sulfonamide derivatives as selective cannabinoid receptor 2 inverse agonists and osteoclast inhibitors: discovery, optimization, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2045-58. [PMID: 23406429 DOI: 10.1021/jm3017464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors have gained increasing attention as drug targets for developing potential therapeutic ligands. Here, we report the discovery and optimization of triaryl sulfonamides as a novel series possessing significant CB2 receptor affinity and selectivity. Four sets of triaryl ligands were designed and synthesized for further structural modifications and led to the identification of eight compounds as potent and selective CB2 inverse agonists with high binding affinity (CB2K(i) < 10 nM). Especially, compound 57 exhibited the strongest binding affinity on the CB2 receptor (CB2K(i) of 0.5 nM) and the best selectivity over the CB1 receptor (selectivity index of 2594). Importantly, 57 also showed potent inhibitory activity on osteoclast formation, and it was confirmed by a cell viability assay that the inhibition effects were not derived from the cytotoxicity. Finally, 3D QSAR studies confirmed our SAR findings that three bulky groups play an important role for CB2 receptor binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Yang P, Myint KZ, Tong Q, Feng R, Cao H, Almehizia AA, Alqarni MH, Wang L, Bartlow P, Gao Y, Gertsch J, Teramachi J, Kurihara N, Roodman GD, Cheng T, Xie XQ. Lead discovery, chemistry optimization, and biological evaluation studies of novel biamide derivatives as CB2 receptor inverse agonists and osteoclast inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9973-87. [PMID: 23072339 DOI: 10.1021/jm301212u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-((4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)methylene)bis(2-phenylacetamide) was discovered by using 3D pharmacophore database searches and was biologically confirmed as a new class of CB(2) inverse agonists. Subsequently, 52 derivatives were designed and synthesized through lead chemistry optimization by modifying the rings A-C and the core structure in further SAR studies. Five compounds were developed and also confirmed as CB(2) inverse agonists with the highest CB(2) binding affinity (CB(2)K(i) of 22-85 nM, EC(50) of 4-28 nM) and best selectivity (CB(1)/CB(2) of 235- to 909-fold). Furthermore, osteoclastogenesis bioassay indicated that PAM compounds showed great inhibition of osteoclast formation. Especially, compound 26 showed 72% inhibition activity even at the low concentration of 0.1 μM. The cytotoxicity assay suggested that the inhibition of PAM compounds on osteoclastogenesis did not result from its cytotoxicity. Therefore, these PAM derivatives could be used as potential leads for the development of a new type of antiosteoporosis agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shim JY, Bertalovitz AC, Kendall DA. Probing the interaction of SR141716A with the CB1 receptor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38741-54. [PMID: 22995906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SR141716A binds selectively to the brain cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and exhibits a potent inverse agonist/antagonist activity. Although SR141716A, also known as rimonabant, has been withdrawn from the market due to severe side effects, there remains interest in some of its many potential medical applications. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the mechanism by which SR141716A exerts its inverse agonist activity. As a result of using an approach combining mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined the binding mode of SR141716A. We found from the simulation of the CB1-SR141716A complex that SR141716A projects toward TM5 to interact tightly with the major binding pocket, replacing the coordinated water molecules, and secures the Trp-356(6.48) rotameric switch in the inactive state to promote the formation of an extensive water-mediated H-bonding network to the highly conserved SLAXAD and NPXXY motifs in TM2/TM7. We identify for the first time the involvement of the minor binding pocket formed by TM2/TM3/TM7 for SR141716A binding, which complements the major binding pocket formed by TM3/TM5/TM6. Simulation of the F174(2.61)A mutant CB1-SR141716A complex demonstrates the perturbation of TM2 that attenuates SR141716A binding indirectly. These results suggest SR141716A exerts inverse agonist activity through the stabilization of both TM2 and TM5, securing the Trp-356(6.48) rotameric switch and restraining it from activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- J. L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pyrazole carbohydrazide derivatives of pharmaceutical interest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:317-24. [PMID: 24281381 PMCID: PMC3763639 DOI: 10.3390/ph5030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the biological activities of pyrazole derivatives which contain the carbohydrazide moiety.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wiley JL, Selley DE, Wang P, Kottani R, Gadthula S, Mahadeven A. 3-Substituted pyrazole analogs of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB₁) receptor antagonist rimonabant: cannabinoid agonist-like effects in mice via non-CB₁, non-CB₂ mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:433-44. [PMID: 22085649 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypic cannabinoid type 1 (CB₁) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, is comprised of a pyrazole core surrounded by a carboxyamide with terminal piperidine group (3-substituent), a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group (1-substituent), a 4-chlorophenyl group (5-substituent), and a methyl group (4-substituent). Previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis has suggested that the 3-position may be involved in receptor recognition and agonist activity. The goal of the present study was to develop CB₁-selective compounds and explore further the SAR of 3-substitution on the rimonabant template. 3-Substituted analogs with benzyl and alkyl amino, dihydrooxazole, and oxazole moieties were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Several notable patterns emerged. First, most of the analogs exhibited CB₁ selectivity, with many lacking affinity for the CB₂ receptor. Affinity tended to be better when [³H]5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716), rather than [³H](-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4(1,1-dimethyl-heptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)cyclohexanol (CP55,940), was used as the binding radioligand. Second, many of the analogs produced an agonist-like profile of effects in mice (i.e., suppression of activity, antinociception, hypothermia, and immobility); however, their potencies were not well correlated with their CB₁ binding affinities. Further assessment of selected analogs showed that none were effective antagonists of the effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice, their agonist-like effects were not blocked by rimonabant, they were active in vivo in CB₁⁻/⁻ mice, and they failed to stimulate guanosine-5'-O-(3-[³⁵S]thio)-triphosphate binding. Several analogs were inverse agonists in the latter assay. Together, these results suggest that this series of 3-substituted pyrazole analogs represent a novel class of CB₁-selective cannabinoids that produce agonist-like effects in mice through a non-CB₁, non-CB₂ mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shonberg J, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Design strategies for bivalent ligands targeting GPCRs. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:963-74. [PMID: 21520422 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bivalent ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimeric structures have become increasingly popular in recent literature. The advantages of the bivalent approach are numerous, including enhanced potency and receptor subtype specificity. However, the use of bivalent ligands as potential pharmacotherapeutics is limited by problematic molecular properties, such as high molecular weight and lipophilicity. This minireview focuses on the design of bivalent ligands recently described in the literature; discussing the choice of lead pharmacophore, the position and nature of the attachment point for linking the two pharmacophore units, and the length and composition of the spacer group. Furthermore, this minireview distils the molecular descriptors of the bivalent ligands that exhibit in vivo activity, as well as highlights their ability to access the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Gilliam A, Maitra R, Damaj MI, Tajuba JM, Seltzman HH, Thomas BF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent ligands for the cannabinoid 1 receptor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7048-60. [PMID: 20845959 DOI: 10.1021/jm1006676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization or oligomerization of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, is now widely accepted and may have significant implications for medications development targeting these receptor complexes. A library of bivalent ligands composed of two identical CB1 antagonist pharmacophores derived from SR141716 linked by spacers of various lengths were developed. The affinities of these bivalent ligands at CB1 and CB2 receptors were determined using radiolabeled binding assays. Their functional activities were measured using GTP-γ-S accumulation and intracellular calcium mobilization assays. The results suggest that the nature of the linker and its length are crucial factors for optimum interactions of these ligands at CB1 receptor binding sites. Finally, selected bivalent ligands (5d and 7b) were able to attenuate the antinociceptive effects of the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 (21) in a rodent tail-flick assay. These novel compounds may serve as probes that will enable further characterization of CB1 receptor dimerization and oligomerization and its functional significance and may prove useful in the development of new therapeutic approaches to G-protein-coupled receptor mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Synthesis, characterization, oxidative degradation, antibacterial activity and acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of some new phosphorus(V) hydrazides. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
Weber KC, De Lima EF, De Mello PH, Da Silva ABF, Honório KM. Research Article: Insights into the Molecular Requirements for the Anti-obesity Activity of a Series of CB1 Ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:320-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Tu G, Xiong F, Huang H, Kuang B, Li S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands derived from the 1,5-diarylpyrazole scaffold. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:222-30. [PMID: 20565336 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.491794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CB1 receptor belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. CB1 antagonism has been considered as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we report the synthesis and in vitro binding affinity assay of some 1,5-diarylpyrazole scaffold compounds. The binding results showed that some of the target compounds had an excellent potency toward the CB1 receptor with IC₅₀ values lying at the nanomole level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuoGang Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, NanChang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, NanChang, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Buznikov G, Nikitina L, Bezuglov V, Francisco M, Boysen G, Obispo-Peak I, Peterson R, Weiss E, Schuel H, Temple B, Morrow A, Lauder J. A putative 'pre-nervous' endocannabinoid system in early echinoderm development. Dev Neurosci 2010; 32:1-18. [PMID: 19907129 PMCID: PMC2866581 DOI: 10.1159/000235758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryos and larvae of sea urchins (Lytechinus variegatus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Dendraster excentricus), and starfish (Pisaster ochraceus) were investigated for the presence of a functional endocannabinoid system. Anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide, AEA), was measured in early L. variegatus embryos by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AEA showed a strong developmental dynamic, increasing more than 5-fold between the 8-16 cell and mid-blastula 2 stage. 'Perturb-and-rescue' experiments in different sea urchin species and starfish showed that AEA blocked transition of embryos from the blastula to the gastrula stage, but had no effect on cleavage divisions, even at high doses. The non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55940, had similar effects, but unlike AEA, also blocked cleavage divisions. CB1 antagonists, AEA transport inhibitors, and the cation channel transient membrane potential receptor V1 (TrpV1) agonist, arachidonoyl vanillic acid (arvanil), as well as arachidonoyl serotonin and dopamine (AA-5-HT, AA-DA) acted as rescue substances, partially or totally preventing abnormal embryonic phenotypes elicited by AEA or CP55940. Radioligand binding of [(3)H]CP55940 to membrane preparations from embryos/larvae failed to show significant binding, consistent with the lack of CB receptor orthologs in the sea urchin genome. However, when binding was conducted on whole cell lysates, a small amount of [(3)H]CP55940 binding was observed at the pluteus stage that was displaced by the CB2 antagonist, SR144528. Since AEA is known to bind with high affinity to TrpV1 and to certain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the ability of arvanil, AA-5-HT and AA-DA to rescue embryos from AEA teratogenesis suggests that in sea urchins AEA and other endocannabinoids may utilize both Trp and GPCR orthologs. This possibility was explored using bioinformatic and phylogenetic tools to identify candidate orthologs in the S. purpuratus sea urchin genome. Candidate TrpA1 and TrpV1 orthologs were identified. The TrpA1 ortholog fell within a monophyletic clade, including both vertebrate and invertebrate orthologs, whereas the TrpV1 orthologs fell within two distinct TrpV-like invertebrate clades. One of the sea urchin TrpV orthologs was more closely related to the vertebrate epithelial calcium channels (TrpV5-6 family) than to the vertebrate TrpV1-4 family, as determined using profile-hidden Markov model (HMM) searches. Candidate dopamine and adrenergic GPCR orthologs were identified in the sea urchin genome, but no cannabinoid GPCRs were found, consistent with earlier studies. Candidate dopamine D(1), D(2) or alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor orthologs were identified as potential progenitors to the vertebrate cannabinoid receptors using HMM searches, depending on whether the multiple sequence alignment of CB receptor sequences consisted only of urochordate and cephalochordate sequences or also included vertebrate sequences.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Computational Biology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocannabinoids
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry
- Nerve Net/drug effects
- Nerve Net/embryology
- Nerve Net/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Sea Urchins/drug effects
- Sea Urchins/embryology
- Sea Urchins/metabolism
- Starfish/drug effects
- Starfish/embryology
- Starfish/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Buznikov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - L.A. Nikitina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - V.V. Bezuglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - G. Boysen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center of Environmental Health and Susceptibility, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
| | | | - R.E. Peterson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
- Confocal Imaging Core, Neuroscience Center, UNCSM
| | - E.R. Weiss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - H. Schuel
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y., USA
| | - B.R.S Temple
- R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
| | - A.L. Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine (UNCSM)
| | - J.M. Lauder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yavari I, Khalili G, Mirzaei A. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 3-Aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles from Hydrazonoyl Chlorides and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Ph3P. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Ye M, Dawson MI. Studies of cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of obesity: Hologram QSAR model for biarylpyrazolyl oxadiazole ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
40
|
Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives as CB1 receptor antagonists, structurally related to rimonabant. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2627-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
41
|
Matiichuk VS, Potopnyk MA, Obushak ND. Molecular design of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008090182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Zhang Y, Burgess JP, Brackeen M, Gilliam A, Mascarella SW, Page K, Seltzman HH, Thomas BF. Conformationally constrained analogues of N-(piperidinyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716): design, synthesis, computational analysis, and biological evaluations. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3526-39. [PMID: 18512901 DOI: 10.1021/jm8000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 1 (SR141716) have been extensively documented, however, the conformational properties of this class have received less attention. In an attempt to better understand ligand conformations optimal for receptor recognition, we have designed and synthesized a number of derivatives of 1, including a four-carbon-bridged molecule (11), to constrain rotation of the diaryl rings. Computational analysis of 11 indicates approximately 20 kcal/mol energy barrier for rotation of the two aryl rings. NMR studies have determined the energy barrier to be approximately 18 kcal/mol and suggested atropisomers could exist. Receptor binding and functional studies with these compounds displayed reduced affinity and potency when compared to 1. This indicates that our structural modifications either constrain the ring systems in a suboptimal orientation for receptor interaction or the introduction of steric bulk leads to disfavored steric interactions with the receptor, and/or the relatively modest alterations in the molecular electrostatic potentials results in disfavored Coulombic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Exploring the binding features of rimonabant analogues and acyclic CB1 antagonists: docking studies and QSAR analysis. J Mol Model 2008; 14:1131-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
van Diepen H, Schlicker E, Michel MC. Prejunctional and peripheral effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist rimonabant (SR 141716). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:345-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
45
|
Kumar Srivastava B, Soni R, Patel JZ, Jha S, Shedage SA, Gandhi N, Sairam KV, Pawar V, Sadhwani N, Mitra P, Jain MR, Patel PR. Facile synthesis, ex-vivo and in vitro screening of 3-sulfonamide derivative of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide (SR141716) a potent CB1 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3882-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Synthesis of ferrocenyl pyrazoles by the reaction of 3-ferrocenylpropynal with hydrazinium salts. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Zora M, Görmen M. Synthesis of ferrocenyl pyrazoles by the reaction of (2-formyl-1-chlorovinyl)ferrocene with hydrazines. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Shen Q, Huang W, Wang J, Zhou X. SmCl3-Catalyzed C-Acylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and Malononitrile. Org Lett 2007; 9:4491-4. [PMID: 17902683 DOI: 10.1021/ol701961z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recyclable, convenient, and efficient catalytic system for C-acylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and malononitrile with acid chlorides has been developed, giving moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. This is the first catalytic example of such reactions. In addition, by applying this protocol as the key step, 3,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate can easily be synthesized in high yields in a one-pot procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kotagiri VK, Suthrapu S, Mukunda Reddy J, Prasad Rao C, Bollugoddu V, Bhattacharya A, Bandichhor R. An Improved Synthesis of Rimonabant: Anti-Obesity Drug. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op700110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Kotagiri
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Sashikanth Suthrapu
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Jambula Mukunda Reddy
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Chitneni Prasad Rao
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Vijaybhaskar Bollugoddu
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Apurba Bhattacharya
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development, Unit-III, Plot No.116, S.V. Co-Op. Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram, Medak District 502 325, A.P., India, and Institute of Science and Technology, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ellsworth BA, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Pendri A, Gerritz SW, Sun C, Carlson KE, Kang L, Baska RA, Yang Y, Huang Q, Burford NT, Cullen MJ, Johnghar S, Behnia K, Pelleymounter MA, Washburn WN, Ewing WR. Discovery of pyrazine carboxamide CB1 antagonists: The introduction of a hydroxyl group improves the pharmaceutical properties and in vivo efficacy of the series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3978-82. [PMID: 17513109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships for a series of pyrazine carboxamide CB1 antagonists are reported. Pharmaceutical properties of the series are improved via inclusion of hydroxyl-containing sidechains. This structural modification sufficiently improved ADME properties of an orally inactive series such that food intake reduction was achieved in rat feeding models. Compound 35 elicits a 46% reduction in food intake in ad libidum fed rats 4-h post-dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Ellsworth
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol Myers Squibb Co., PO Box 5400 Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|