1
|
Potassium channelopathies associated with epilepsy-related syndromes and directions for therapeutic intervention. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115413. [PMID: 36646291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of mutations to members of several CNS potassium (K) channel families have been identified which result in rare forms of neonatal onset epilepsy, or syndromes of which one prominent characteristic is a form of epilepsy. Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions or Seizures (BFNC or BFNS), also referred to as Self-Limited Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (SeLNE), results from mutations in 2 members of the KV7 family (KCNQ) of K channels; while generally self-resolving by about 15 weeks of age, these mutations significantly increase the probability of generalized seizure disorders in the adult, in some cases they result in more severe developmental syndromes. Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMSF), or Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy (MMPSI), is a rare severe form of epilepsy linked primarily to gain of function mutations in a member of the sodium-dependent K channel family, KCNT1 or SLACK. Finally, KCNMA1 channelopathies, including Liang-Wang syndrome (LIWAS), are rare combinations of neurological symptoms including seizure, movement abnormalities, delayed development and intellectual disabilities, with Liang-Wang syndrome an extremely serious polymalformative syndrome with a number of neurological sequelae including epilepsy. These are caused by mutations in the pore-forming subunit of the large-conductance calcium-activated K channel (BK channel) KCNMA1. The identification of these rare but significant channelopathies has resulted in a resurgence of interest in their treatment by direct pharmacological or genetic modulation. We will briefly review the genetics, biophysics and pharmacology of these K channels, their linkage with the 3 syndromes described above, and efforts to more effectively target these syndromes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kagho MD, Hintersatz H, Ihle A, Zeng H, Schrey H, Colisi W, Klahn P, Stadler M, Bruhn C, Rüffer T, Lang H, Banert K. Total Synthesis via Biomimetic Late-Stage Heterocyclization: Assignment of the Relative Configuration and Biological Evaluation of the Nitraria Alkaloid (±)-Nitrabirine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14903-14914. [PMID: 34570972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The racemic total synthesis of nitrabirine (5) together with its previously undescribed epimer 2-epi nitrabirine (5') is accomplished via a six-step route based on a biomimetic late-stage heterocyclization. This allowed the assignment of the relative configuration of nitrabirine by the lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS) experiment, which was later on confirmed by X-ray diffraction of obtained single crystals. Furthermore, oxidation studies demonstrated that the direct N-oxidation of nitrabirine does not yield nitrabirine N-oxide as reported earlier. In contrast, the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with nitrabirine (5) yields the salt 24', whereas 2-epi nitrabirine (5') surprisingly leads to a previously uncharacterized product 22 under the same conditions. Finally, a Fischer indole reaction gave access to novel tetracyclic nitrabirine derivatives 26a-d. A comprehensive biological evaluation of nitrabirine (5), 2-epi nitrabirine (5'), and all derivatives synthesized in this study revealed general biofilm dispersal effects against Candida albicans. Moreover, specific compounds showed moderate antibacterial activities as well as potent cytotoxic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervic D Kagho
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Helen Hintersatz
- Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Haoxuan Zeng
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hedda Schrey
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wera Colisi
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Klaus Banert
- Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marín-Luna M, Sánchez-Andrada P, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Torralba MC, Delgado-Martínez P, Santa María D, Claramunt RM. A structural analysis of 2,5-diaryl-4H-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones: NMR in the solid state, X-ray crystallography, and GIPAW calculations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:423-438. [PMID: 33464666 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 1 H, 13 C, 15 N, and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 11 2,5-diaryl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones have been acquired in DMSO-d6 solution and the 13 C, 15 N, and 19 F NMR spectra have also been acquired in the solid state (solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [SSNMR] and magic angle spinning [MAS]). The X-ray structures of Compounds 3, 5, and 6 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations at the gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO)/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level have provided a set of 321 chemical shifts that were compared with 310 experimental values in DMSO-d6 . To obtain good agreements, some effects need to be included. The SSNMR chemical shifts have been compared with gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations and with the heavy atom-light atom (HALA) effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Andrada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Torralba
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Delgado-Martínez
- Unidad de Difracción de Rayos X - CAI técnicas físicas y químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Santa María
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-Tubercular Properties of 4-Amino-5-(4-Fluoro-3- Phenoxyphenyl)-4 H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol and Its Schiff Bases: Computational Input and Molecular Dynamics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090559. [PMID: 32878018 PMCID: PMC7560126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the parent compound 4-amino-5-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (1) and its Schiff bases 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to whole-cell anti-TB against H37Rv and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) plate method. Test compound 1 exhibited promising anti-TB activity against H37Rv and MDR strains of MTB at 5.5 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL, respectively. An attempt to identify the suitable molecular target for compound 1 was performed using a set of triazole thiol cellular targets, including β-ketoacyl carrier protein synthase III (FABH), β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KasA), CYP121, dihydrofolate reductase, enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. MTB β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KasA) was identified as the cellular target for the promising anti-TB parent compound 1 via docking and molecular dynamics simulation. MM(GB/PB)SA binding free energy calculation revealed stronger binding of compound 1 compared with KasA standard inhibitor thiolactomycin (TLM). The inhibitory mechanism of test compound 1 involves the formation of hydrogen bonding with the catalytic histidine residues, and it also impedes access of fatty-acid substrates to the active site through interference with α5–α6 helix movement. Test compound 1-specific structural changes at the ALA274–ALA281 loop might be the contributing factor underlying the stronger anti-TB effect of compound 1 when compared with TLM, as it tends to adopt a closed conformation for the access of malonyl substrate to its binding site.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pathak P, Shukla PK, Naumovich V, Grishina M, Verma A, Potemkin V. 1,2,4‐Triazole‐conjugated 1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrid scaffolds: A potent ameliorant of carrageenan‐induced inflammation by lessening proinflammatory mediators. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 353:e1900233. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological SchoolSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Parjanya K. Shukla
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad India
- Krishnarpit Institute of PharmacyUttar Pradesh Technical University Allahabad India
| | - Vladislav Naumovich
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological SchoolSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological SchoolSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad India
| | - Vladimir Potemkin
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological SchoolSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phakhodee W, Duangkamol C, Wiriya N, Pattarawarapan M. A convenient one-pot synthesis of N-substituted amidoximes and their application toward 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38281-38288. [PMID: 35559089 PMCID: PMC9090163 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first direct one-pot approach for the synthesis of N-substituted amidoximes from secondary amides or the intermediate amides has been developed. Through the Ph3P–I2-mediated dehydrative condensation, a variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl amidoximes (R1(C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
NOH)NHR2, where R1 or R2 = aryl, alkyl, or benzyl) were readily afforded under mild conditions and short reaction times. The synthetic application of the obtained amidoximes has also been demonstrated through the formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazolones via base-mediated carbonylative cyclization with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole. Ph3P–I2 mediated one-pot synthesis of N-substituted amidoximes via imidoyl iodide was developed. The synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones was also demonstrated.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wong Phakhodee
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| | - Chuthamat Duangkamol
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| | - Nitaya Wiriya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| | - Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mityanov VS, Kuz'mina LG, Perevalov VP, Tkach II. Regioselective synthesis of 2-unsubstituted 1-aryl-4- and 1-aryl-5-acylimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Mityanov VS, Perevalov VP, Tkach II. Synthesis of 2-unsubstituted 1-arylimidazoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang W, Zhu Y, Wei D, Tang M. Mechanisms of the cascade synthesis of substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-one from huisgen zwitterion and aldehyde hydrazone: A DFT study. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:715-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Upmanyu N, Gupta JK, Shah K, Mishra P. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive evaluation of newly synthesized 4-(substituted ethanoyl) amino-3-mercapto-5-(4-methoxy) phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2011; 3:259-65. [PMID: 21687356 PMCID: PMC3103922 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.80783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: 1,2,4-triazoles and its derivatives have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, openers of Ca-activated potassium (Maxi-K) channels, antiviral properties, hypoglycemic, anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. Therefore, 1,2,4-triazole seems to be an important pharmacophore. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of 4-(substituted ethanoyl) amino-3-mercapto-5-(4-methoxy) phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles (6a-o) were prepared following six step starting 4-methoxy benzoic acid and using different secondary amines and were characterized with the help of FT-IR,1H,13C NMR, FAB Mass and nitrogen analysis. These synthesized compounds (6a-o) were then evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method.Out of these synthesized compounds, some (6f, i and k) were evaluated for antinociceptive activity by Hot plate method and Tail immersion method. Results and Discussion: The synthesis of 4-(substituted amino)-3-mercapto-5-(4-methoxy) phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles (6a-o) was accomplished. The IR spectra exhibited characteristic bands for C-N, C=N, SH and C=O at 1350-1360, 1511-1548, 2520-2594.3 and 1650-1719 cm-1. The C-O-C asymmetric and symmetric str. was at 1250-1254 and 1027-1079.3 cm-1 respectively. In1H-NMR spectra, a singlet of CONH was found in the range of δ 9.92-10.18 ppm and another singlet of thiol group was observed in the range of δ 8.63-9.92 ppm. A singlet of Ar-OCH3 was also found between δ 3.57-3.91 ppm. In13 C- NMR spectra, C-3 and C-5 of the 1,2,4 - triazole nucleus were observed in the range of δ 147-166.9 ppm. Carbonyl carbon and methylene carbon of –NHCOCH2 N< were found between δ 166.5-177.5 and δ 47.1-62 ppm respectively. Acute toxicity study was donr following OECD-423 and cut-off dose was found to be between 1000-1500 mg/kg body weight. At the dose level of 100 mg/kg, 6f, 6i and 6k exhibited appreciable inhibition of oedema especially 6k exhibiting a percentage of oedema inhibition of 40.28%, which was comparable to that of the standard drug indomethacin (62.50% at 10mg/kg dose). Among the compounds tested, compound 6k exhibited good anti-nociceptive activity in both methods used. Pethidine (20mg/kg body weight s.c) is used as the standard drug. Conclusion: SAR of these synthesized compounds shows that substitution with heterocyclic moiety at C-2 of the acetamido group at position 4 of the 1,2,4-triazole produces appreciable activity as compared to substitution with aliphatic moieties since among all the synthesized compounds, the most active ones are 6f, 6i and 6k that have piperdine, 1-benzyl piperazine and morpholine group, respectively at C-2 of the acetamido group at position 4 of the 1,2,4-triazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upmanyu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar - 470 003, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(substituted)-acetylamino-3-mercapto-5-(4-substituted) phenyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
One pot cascade synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Park JY, Chae JH. Facile Access to a Variety of 2,5-Biaryl-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones via Regioselective N-Arylation of Triazolones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.8.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Su Y, Jiang Z, Hong D, Lu P, Wang Y, Lin X. Cascade synthesis of substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones from aldehyde hydrazones and azodicarboxylates. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Abu-Shanab FA, Sherif SM, Mousa SAS. Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal as a building block in heterocyclic synthesis. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
17
|
N-substituted bis-C-alkyloxadiazolones as dual effectors: Efficient intermediates to amidoximes or amidines and prodrug candidates of potent antimalarials. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5233-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Liu Z, Mu Y, Song Z. Solid Phase Synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazol-3-one Derivatives from resin-bound Acylhydrazines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x314725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for solid-phase synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 2,4-dihydro-3 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones has been developed. The 4-substituted 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-one derivatives were synthesised from resin-bound acylhydrazines in several steps, in good overall yields and purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China
| | - Zhaosheng Song
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Romine JL, Martin SW, Meanwell NA, Gribkoff VK, Boissard CG, Dworetzky SI, Natale J, Moon S, Ortiz A, Yeleswaram S, Pajor L, Gao Q, Starrett JE. 3-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one, BMS-191011: opener of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (maxi-K) channels, identification, solubility, and SAR. J Med Chem 2007; 50:528-42. [PMID: 17266205 DOI: 10.1021/jm061006n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compound 8a (BMS-191011), an opener of the cloned large-conductance, Ca2+-activated potassium (maxi-K) channel, demonstrated efficacy in in vivo stroke models, which led to its nomination as a candidate for clinical evaluation. Its maxi-K channel opening properties were consistent with its structural topology, being derived by combining elements from other known maxi-K openers. However, 8a suffered from poor aqueous solubility, which complicated elucidation of SAR during in vitro evaluation. The activity of 8a in in vivo stroke models and studies directed toward improving its solubility are reported herein. Enhanced solubility was achieved by appending heterocycles to the 8a scaffold, and a notable observation was made that inclusion of a simple amino group (anilines 8k and 8l) yielded excellent in vitro maxi-K ion channel opening activity and enhanced brain-to-plasma partitioning compared to the appended heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Romine
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Calderone V, Fiamingo FL, Giorgi I, Leonardi M, Livi O, Martelli A, Martinotti E. Heterocyclic analogs of benzanilide derivatives as potassium channel activators. IX. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:761-7. [PMID: 16626840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous works, addressed to synthesise new activators of BK potassium channels, and of many suggestions from the international literature, a simple pharmacophoric model, consisting of two suitably substituted phenyl rings bound to various kinds of linkers, was hypothesised. In particular, the effectiveness of the amidic linker was demonstrated, since several benzanilide derivatives showed interesting BK-opener properties. As a development of these benzanilides, in this work we introduced heterocyclic substituents, replacing the aryl ring on the acid side or on the basic one of the amide linker of the above pharmacophore. The pharmacological results indicated some relevant remarks about the structural requirements, needed for a satisfactory BK-opener activity. In particular, the presence of a phenolic function, with a possible H-bond donor role, has been confirmed. Furthermore, the presence of nitrogen heterocycles on the acid side of the amide linker seems to be a negative requirement, while furan and thiophene were well tolerated. On the contrary, the introduction of insaturated heterocyclic rings (pyridine and thiazole) on the basic side of the amide linker, led to satisfactory biological activity, while the presence of aliphatic heterocycles lowered the pharmacological effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Navidpour L, Shafaroodi H, Abdi K, Amini M, Ghahremani MH, Dehpour AR, Shafiee A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of substituted 3-alkylthio-4,5-diaryl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2507-17. [PMID: 16337127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new type of 4,5-diaryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, possessing C-3 thio and alkylthio (SH, SMe or SEt) substituents, was designed and synthesized for evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors with in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The compound, 3-ethylthio-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (10d), exhibited a high in vitro selectivity (COX-1 IC50=20.5 nM; COX-2 IC50=1.8 nM; SI=11.39) relative to the reference drug celecoxib (COX-1 IC50=3.7 nM; COX-2 IC50=2.2 nM; SI=1.68) and also showed good anti-inflammatory activity compared to celecoxib in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifeh Navidpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gribkoff VK, Winquist RJ. Voltage-gated cation channel modulators for the treatment of stroke. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:579-92. [PMID: 15926865 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.5.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated cation channels regulate the transmembrane flux of calcium, sodium and potassium. Neuronal ischaemia occurring during acute ischaemic stroke results in the breakdown in the normal function of these ion channels, contributing to a series of pathological events leading to cell death. A dramatic increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium during neuronal ischaemia plays a particularly important role in the neurotoxic cascade resulting in stroke-related acute neurodegeneration. One approach to provide therapeutic benefit following ischaemic stroke has been to target neuronal voltage-gated cation channels, and particularly blockers of calcium and sodium channels, for post-stroke neuroprotection. A recent development has been the identification of openers of large-conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium channels (maxi-K channels), which hyperpolarize ischaemic neurons, reduce excitatory amino acid release, and reduce ischaemic calcium entry. Thus far, targeting these voltage-gated cation channels has not yet yielded significant clinical benefit. The reasons for this may involve the lack of small-molecule blockers of many neuronal members of these ion channel families and the design of preclinical stroke models, which do not adequately emulate the clinical condition and hence lack sufficient rigor to predict efficacy in human stroke. Furthermore, there may be a need for changes in clinical trial designs to optimise the selection of patients and the course of drug treatment to protect neurons during all periods of potential neuronal sensitivity to neuro-protectants. Clinical trials may also have to be powered to detect small effect sizes or be focused on patients more likely to respond to a particular therapy. The development of future solutions to these problems should result in an improved probability of success for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Biology, Scion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 3600, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Calderone V, Giorgi I, Livi O, Martinotti E, Martelli A, Nardi A. 1,4- and 2,4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles as potential potassium channel activators. VII. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:367-75. [PMID: 15910810 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New 1,4- and 2,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized and tested as potential BK(Ca) channel openers, as a part of a research program, which hypothesizes a pharmacophoric structure containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The structure-activity relationships were studied introducing some structural changes concerning molecular geometry and the presence of a hydrogen bond donor as a primary amino group and a phenolic or alcoholic hydroxy function. The compounds were prepared by nucleophilic substitution on the 1,2,3-triazole ring and by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides to selected alkynes and to phenylacetone. The new compounds tested on rat aortic rings did not exhibit any significant vasorelaxing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Katritzky AR, Hayden AE, Kirichenko K, Pelphrey P, Ji Y. A Novel Route to Imidoylbenzotriazoles and Their Application for the Synthesis of Enaminones. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5108-11. [PMID: 15255745 DOI: 10.1021/jo0496594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of secondary amides 2a-i with 1-chloro-1H-benzotriazole and triphenylphosphine give imidoylbenzotriazoles 3a-i. The treatment of 3a,b,e,g with silyl enol ethers 5a,b in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide provides a new general approach to enaminoketones 6a-h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Biagi G, Calderone V, Giorgi I, Livi O, Martinotti E, Martelli A, Nardi A. 1,5-Diarylsubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as potassium channel activators. VI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:397-404. [PMID: 15120319 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2003] [Accepted: 01/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As part of our program toward designing potassium channel openers, synthesis of a novel series of 1,5-diphenylsubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, as potential activators of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK), as well as their vasorelaxant activity are presented. The functional effect of these potential structurally novel BK-openers on vascular contractile function were studied in vitro, using isolated rat aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl 20 mM. Among the target compounds, only 16 showed appreciable effectiveness, exhibiting an efficacy parameter (57%) lower than that of NS1619 and a comparable potency index (pIC50: 5.58).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Navidpour L, Karimi L, Amini M, Vosooghi M, Shafiee A. Syntheses of 5-alkylthio-1,3-diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Tricarico D, Barbieri M, Mele A, Carbonara G, Camerino DC. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are specific openers of skeletal muscle BK channel of K+-deficient rats. FASEB J 2004; 18:760-1. [PMID: 14766795 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0722fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic-anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are used in the treatment of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) and related channelopathies but their mechanism of action is unknown. Patch-clamp experiments and molecular modeling investigations were performed to evaluate the mechanism of actions of CA inhibitors on skeletal muscle Ca2+-activated-K+ (BK) channel of K+-deficient rats used as animal model of hypoPP. CA inhibitors showing different degree of CA inhibition such as acetazolamide (ACTZ), dichlorphenamide (DCP), hydrochlorthiazide (HCT), etoxzolamide (ETX), methazolamide (MTZ), and bendroflumethiazide (BFT), which lacks inhibitory effects on CA enzymes, were tested in vitro on BK channels. The application of ACTZ, BFT, ETX, and DCP to excised patches activated the BK channel with potency: ACTZ(DE50=7.3x10(-6)M)>BFT(DE50=5.93x10(-5)M)>ETX(DE50=1.17x10(-4)M)>>DCP. In contrast, MTZ and HCT failed to activate the BK channel. Molecular modeling studies showed that the capability of CA inhibitors to open the BK channel was related to the presence in their structures of an intra-molecular hydrogen bond with calculated inter-atomic distances ranging between 1.82 A degrees and 3.01 A degrees and of an aromatic ring poor of electrons. ACTZ, BFT, ETX, and DCP showed these pharmacofores, while MTZ and HCT did not. Our data indicate that the activation of BK channel is a property of CA inhibitors that interact with the channel subunit/s and that this effect is not related to their capability to inhibit the CA enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricarico
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, Johnson G, Romine JL, Meanwell NA, Martin SW, Dworetzky SI, Boissard CG, Gribkoff VK, Starrett JE. Novel openers of Ca2+-dependent large-conductance potassium channels: symmetrical pharmacophore and electrophysiological evaluation of bisphenols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1437-9. [PMID: 12668007 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological evaluation of symmetrical analogues of the known maxi-K opener NS-004 (1) led to the discovery of bisphenols 2a, 3a and 4a as openers of cloned maxi-K channels expressed in oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Computer-Assisted Drug Design, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang XF, Gopalakrishnan M, Shieh CC. Modulation of action potential firing by iberiotoxin and NS1619 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroscience 2003; 122:1003-11. [PMID: 14643767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of iberiotoxin (IbTx), a peptide toxin blocker of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels and NS1619, a BK(Ca) channel opener, on action potential firing of small and medium size afferent neurons from L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia of adult rats. Application of IbTx (100 nM) reduced whole-cell outward currents in 67% of small and medium size neurons. Analysis of action potential profile revealed that IbTx significantly prolonged the duration of action potential and increased firing frequency of afferent neurons. IbTx did not significantly alter the resting membrane potential, threshold for action potential activation and action potential amplitude. The benzimidazolone NS1619 (10 microM) increased opening activity of a Ca(2+)-dependent channel as assessed by single channel measurements. In contrast to IbTx, NS1619 reversibly suppressed action potential firing, attributable to increases in threshold for evoking action potential, reduction in action potential amplitude and increases in amplitude of afterhyperpolarization. The effect of NS1619 on neuronal firing was sensitive to IbTx, indicating the attenuation of neuronal firing by NS1619 was mediated by opening BK(Ca) channels. NS1619 also reduced neuronal hyperexcitability evoked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a transient-inactivated K(+) channel (A-current) blocker, in an IbTx-sensitive manner. These results indicate that IbTx-sensitive BK(Ca) channels exist in both small and medium diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and play important roles in the repolarization of action potential and firing frequency. NS1619 modulates action potential firing and suppresses 4-AP-evoked hyperexcitability in DRG neurons, in part, by opening BK(Ca) channels. These results suggest that opening BK(Ca) channels might be sufficient to suppress hyperexcitability of afferent neurons as those evoked by stimulants or by disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-F Zhang
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department R4PM, Building AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|