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Bampali K, Koniuszewski F, Silva LL, Rehman S, Vogel FD, Seidel T, Scholze P, Zirpel F, Garon A, Langer T, Willeit M, Ernst M. Tricyclic antipsychotics and antidepressants can inhibit α5-containing GABA A receptors by two distinct mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3675-3692. [PMID: 35088415 PMCID: PMC9314015 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Many psychotherapeutic drugs, including clozapine, display polypharmacology and act on GABAA receptors. Patients with schizophrenia show alterations in function, structure and molecular composition of the hippocampus, and a recent study demonstrated aberrant levels of hippocampal α5 subunit‐containing GABAA receptors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tricyclic compounds on α5 subunit‐containing receptor subtypes. Experimental Approach Functional studies of effects by seven antipsychotic and antidepressant medications were performed in several GABAA receptor subtypes by two‐electrode voltage‐clamp electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Computational structural analysis was employed to design mutated constructs of the α5 subunit, probing a novel binding site. Radioligand displacement data complemented the functional and mutational findings. Key Results The antipsychotic drugs clozapine and chlorpromazine exerted functional inhibition on multiple GABAA receptor subtypes, including those containing α5‐subunits. Based on a chlorpromazine binding site observed in a GABA‐gated bacterial homologue, we identified a novel site in α5 GABAA receptor subunits and demonstrate differential usage of this and the orthosteric sites by these ligands. Conclusion and Implications Despite high molecular and functional similarities among the tested ligands, they reduce GABA currents by differential usage of allosteric and orthosteric sites. The chlorpromazine site we describe here is a new potential target for optimizing antipsychotic medications with beneficial polypharmacology. Further studies in defined subtypes are needed to substantiate mechanistic links between the therapeutic effects of clozapine and its action on certain GABAA receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Bampali
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filip Koniuszewski
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca L Silva
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian D Vogel
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Zirpel
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Garon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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de Gaetano M, Butler E, Gahan K, Zanetti A, Marai M, Chen J, Cacace A, Hams E, Maingot C, McLoughlin A, Brennan E, Leroy X, Loscher CE, Fallon P, Perretti M, Godson C, Guiry PJ. Asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazole- and oxazole-containing synthetic lipoxin A4 mimetics (sLXms). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:80-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Medicinal chemistry of vicinal diaryl scaffold: A mini review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:1-17. [PMID: 30396033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The privileged structures have been widely used as a valuable template in new drug discovery. 1,2-Diaryl or vicinal diaryl is a simple scaffold found in many drugs and naturally occurring compounds. From synthetic point of view, the vicinal diaryl derivatives are easily accessible due to their facile and expedient syntheses. These scaffolds have shown numerous interesting pharmacological activities against various diseases with lot of clinical potentials. This review aims to highlight the evidence of vicinal diaryl motif as a privileged scaffold in COX-2 inhibitors and CA-4 analogs.
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4
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Hu Z, Dong J, Xu X. Silver-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Isocyanides for Imidazole Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Hu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhuan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
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Catatonia Secondary to Sudden Clozapine Withdrawal: A Case with Three Repeated Episodes and a Literature Review. Case Rep Psychiatry 2017; 2017:2402731. [PMID: 28396815 PMCID: PMC5370482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2402731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A literature search identified 9 previously published cases that were considered as possible cases of catatonia secondary to sudden clozapine withdrawal. Two of these 9 cases did not provide enough information to make a diagnosis of catatonia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5). The Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Causality Scale was modified to assess ADRs secondary to drug withdrawal. From the 7 published cases which met DSM-5 catatonia criteria, using the modified scale, we established that 3 were definitive and 4 were probable cases of catatonia secondary to clozapine withdrawal. A new definitive case is described with three catatonic episodes which (1) occurred after sudden discontinuation of clozapine in the context of decades of follow-up, (2) had ≥3 of 12 DSM-5 catatonic symptoms and serum creatinine kinase elevation, and (3) required medical hospitalization and intravenous fluids. Clozapine may be a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist; sudden clozapine withdrawal may explain a sudden decrease in GABA activity that may contribute to the development of catatonic symptoms in vulnerable patients. Based on the limited information from these cases, the pharmacological treatment for catatonia secondary to sudden clozapine withdrawal can include benzodiazepines and/or restarting clozapine.
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6
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Huang X, Cong X, Mi P, Bi X. Azomethine-isocyanide [3+2] cycloaddition to imidazoles promoted by silver and DBU. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3858-3861. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new silver-promoted [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with isocyanides has been described to construct a variety of 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles of vital bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Huang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
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7
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Copper-catalyzed domino reaction between 1-(2-halophenyl)methanamines and amidines or imidates for the synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Hershberger PM, Hedrick MP, Peddibhotla S, Mangravita-Novo A, Gosalia P, Li Y, Gray W, Vicchiarelli M, Smith LH, Chung TDY, Thomas JB, Caron MG, Pinkerton AB, Barak LS, Roth GP. Imidazole-derived agonists for the neurotensin 1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:262-7. [PMID: 24332089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A scaffold-hop program seeking full agonists of the neurotensin-1 (NTR1) receptor identified the probe molecule ML301 (1) and associated analogs, including its naphthyl analog (14) which exhibited similar properties. Compound 1 showed full agonist behavior (79-93%) with an EC50 of 2.0-4.1μM against NTR1. Compound 1 also showed good activity in a Ca mobilization FLIPR assay (93% efficacy at 298nM), consistent with it functioning via the Gq coupled pathway, and good selectivity relative to NTR2 and GPR35. In further profiling, 1 showed low potential for promiscuity and good overall pharmacological data. This report describes the discovery, synthesis, and SAR of 1 and associated analogs. Initial in vitro pharmacologic characterization is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Hershberger
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Michael P Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Arianna Mangravita-Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yujie Li
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wilson Gray
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James B Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Roth
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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9
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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10
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Patil UD, Mahulikar PP. A Convenient, TiCl 4 /SnCl 4 -Mediated Synthesis of N-Phenyl or N-Aryl Benzamidines and N-Phenylpicolinamidines. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:963195. [PMID: 24052858 PMCID: PMC3767339 DOI: 10.5402/2012/963195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new, TiCl4-or SnCl4-mediated, solvent-free method was developed for the synthesis of N-Aryl benzamidines and N-phenylpicolinamidines, in moderate-to-good yield, using suitable amines and nitriles as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D Patil
- School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, India
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11
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Koutentis PA, Mirallai SI. Reinvestigating the synthesis of N-arylbenzamidines from benzonitriles and anilines in the presence of AlCl3. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Caron S, Wei L, Douville J, Ghosh A. Preparation and Utility of Trihaloethyl Imidates: Useful Reagents for the Synthesis of Amidines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:945-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902159z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Caron
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Global R&D, MS-8118D/4002, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Lulin Wei
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Global R&D, MS-8118D/4002, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Jasmin Douville
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Global R&D, MS-8118D/4002, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Arun Ghosh
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Global R&D, MS-8118D/4002, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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13
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Bellina F, Cauteruccio S, Di Fiore A, Marchetti C, Rossi R. Highly selective synthesis of 4(5)-aryl-, 2,4(5)-diaryl-, and 4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles via Pd-catalyzed direct C-5 arylation of 1-benzyl-1H-imidazole. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Skilbeck KJ, O'Reilly JN, Johnston GAR, Hinton T. Antipsychotic drug administration differentially affects [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam GABA(A) receptor binding sites. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:492-8. [PMID: 17976880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem studies of the human brain indicate that certain GABA(A) receptor subtypes may be differentially altered in schizophrenia. Increased binding to the total population of GABA(A) receptors using [3H]muscimol is observed in the post-mortem schizophrenic brain, yet a proportion of these receptors which bind benzodiazepines and are labelled with [3H]flunitrazepam, show decreased or unaltered expression. Data from animal studies suggest that antipsychotic drugs alter GABA(A) receptor expression in a subtype selective manner, but in the opposite direction to that observed in schizophrenia. To broaden our understanding of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on GABA(A) receptors, we examined the saturation binding maximum (B(max)) and binding affinity (K(D)) of [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and thalamus of male SD rats that received a sucrose solution containing either haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg), olanzapine (6.5 mg/kg) or no drug daily for up to 28 days using quantitative receptor autoradiography. [3H]Muscimol binding density was increased most prominently in the PFC after 7 days, with larger and more prolonged effects being induced by the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine in subcortical regions. While no changes were observed in [3H]muscimol binding in any region after 28 days of drug administration, [3H]flunitrazepam binding density (B(max)) was increased for both antipsychotic treatments in the PFC only. These findings confirm that the subset of GABA(A) receptors sensitive to benzodiazepines are regulated differently from other GABA(A) receptor subtypes following antipsychotic drug administration, in a time- and region-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Skilbeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Blackburn D06, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Bellina F, Cauteruccio S, Rossi R. Synthesis and biological activity of vicinal diaryl-substituted 1H-imidazoles. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Denora N, Laquintana V, Lopedota A, Serra M, Dazzi L, Biggio G, Pal D, Mitra AK, Latrofa A, Trapani G, Liso G. Novel L-Dopa and Dopamine Prodrugs Containing a 2-Phenyl-imidazopyridine Moiety. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1309-24. [PMID: 17404814 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain insight into the feasibility of enhancing the delivery of L-Dopa and dopamine to the brain by linking these neurotransmitters and L-Dopa ethyl ester to 2-phenyl-3-carboxymethyl-imidazopyridine compounds giving rise to the so-called Dopimid compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of Dopimid compounds were synthesized and both stability and binding studies to dopaminergic and benzodiazepine receptors were performed. To evaluate whether Dopimid compounds are P-gp substrates, [(3)H]ritonavir uptake experiments and bi-directional transport studies on confluent MDCKII-MDR1 monolayers were carried out. The brain penetration properties of Dopimid compounds were estimated by the Clark's computational model and evaluated by investigation of their transport across BBMECs monolayers. The dopamine levels following the intraperitoneal administration of the selected Dopimid compounds were measured in vivo by using brain microdialysis in rat. RESULTS Tested compounds were adequately stable in solution buffered at pH 7.4 but undergo faster cleavage in dilute rat serum at 37 degrees C. Receptor binding studies showed that Dopimid compounds are essentially devoid of affinity for dopaminergic and benzodiazepine receptors. [(3)H]ritonavir uptake experiments indicated that selected Dopimid compounds, like L-Dopa and dopamine hydrochloride, are not substrates of P-gp and it was also confirmed by bi-directional transport experiments across MDCKII-MDR1 monolayers. By Clark's model a significant brain penetration was deduced for L-Dopa ethyl ester and dopamine derivatives. Transport studies involving BBMECs monolayers indicated that some of these compounds should be able to cross the BBB. Interestingly, the rank order of apparent permeability (P (app)) values observed in these assays parallels that calculated by the computational approach. Brain microdialysis experiments in rat showed that intraperitoneal acute administration of some Dopimid compounds induced a dose-dependent increase in cortical dopamine output. CONCLUSION Based on these results, it may be concluded that some Dopimid compounds can be proposed as novel L-Dopa and dopamine prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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17
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Zhang A, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ. Recent progress in development of dopamine receptor subtype-selective agents: potential therapeutics for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Chem Rev 2007; 107:274-302. [PMID: 17212477 DOI: 10.1021/cr050263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Singhal SK, Zhang L, Morales M, Oz M. Antipsychotic clozapine inhibits the function of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuropharmacology 2006; 52:387-94. [PMID: 17161853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the antipsychotic clozapine on the function of the cloned alpha(7) subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes was investigated by using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Clozapine reversibly inhibited nicotine (10 microM)-induced currents in a concentration-dependent manner (300 nM to 90 microM), with an IC(50) value of 3.2+/-0.4 microM. The effect of clozapine was not dependent on the membrane potential. Clozapine did not affect the activity of endogenous Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels since the inhibition by clozapine was unaltered by the intracellularly injected Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA and perfusion with Ca(2+)-free bathing solution containing 2mM Ba(2+). Clozapine decreased the maximal nicotine-induced responses without significantly affecting its potency, indicating that it acts as a noncompetitive antagonist on alpha(7)-nACh receptors. In hippocampal slices, the whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons indicated that the increases in the frequency and amplitudes of the GABA-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents induced by bath application of 2 mM choline, a specific agonist for alpha(7)-nACh receptors, were abolished after 10 min application of 5 microM clozapine. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that clozapine inhibits the function of alpha(7)-nACh receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Singhal
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH/DHHS, 12501 Washington Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-8205, USA
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Sasikumar TK, Burnett DA, Zhang H, Smith-Torhan A, Fawzi A, Lachowicz JE. Hydrazides of clozapine: a new class of D1 dopamine receptor subtype selective antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4543-7. [PMID: 16809034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acylated and aroylated hydrazinoclozapines are highly potent dopamine D(1) antagonists that show remarkable selectivity over other dopamine receptors. The most potent compound in this series is the 2,6-dimethoxybenzhydrazide 33 with a D(1)K(i) of 1.6 nM and 212-fold selectivity over D(2) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Sasikumar
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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20
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Zhang A, Kan Y, Li F. Recent advances towards the discovery of dopamine receptor ligands. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.5.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bellina F, Cauteruccio S, Mannina L, Rossi R, Viel S. Regiocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2-Diaryl-1H-imidazoles by Palladium- and Copper-Mediated Direct Coupling of 1-Aryl-1H-imidazoles with Aryl Halides under Ligandless Conditions. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Catalytic processes for the functionalisation and desymmetrisation of malononitrile derivatives. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Asproni B, Talani G, Busonero F, Pau A, Sanna S, Cerri R, Mascia MP, Sanna E, Biggio G. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships at the GABA(A) receptor in rat brain, and differential electrophysiological profile at the recombinant human GABA(A) receptor of a series of substituted 1,2-diphenylimidazoles. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2638-45. [PMID: 15801854 DOI: 10.1021/jm049120y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 1,2-diphenylimidazole derivatives (1a-x) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to potentiate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-evoked currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing recombinant human GABA(A) receptors. Many of these compounds enhanced GABA action with potencies (EC(50) = 0.19-19 muM) and efficacies (maximal efficacies of up to 640%) similar to or greater than those of anesthetics such as etomidate, propofol, and alphaxalone. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of an ester moiety in the imidazole ring was required for full agonist properties, while modifications made in the phenyl rings affected potency and efficacy, with ethyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-4-imidazolecarboxylate showing the highest potency. These compounds potentiated the [(3)H]GABA binding to rat brain membranes, suggesting a site of interaction different from that of GABA. As for etomidate, mutation of asparagine-265 in the beta2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor into serine reduced the ability of derivative 1i to modulate the GABA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battistina Asproni
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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