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Patel KB, Patel DV, Patel NR, Kanhed AM, Teli DM, Gandhi B, Shah BS, Chaudhary BN, Prajapati NK, Patel KV, Yadav MR. Carbazole-based semicarbazones and hydrazones as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10278-10299. [PMID: 34215173 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1942212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to combat a multi-faceted neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD), a series of carbazole-based semicarbazide and hydrazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and assessed for their cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory, antioxidant and biometal chelating activity. Among them, (E)-2-((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (62) and (E)-2-((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (63) emerged as the premier candidates with good ChE inhibitory activities (IC50 values of 1.37 µM and 1.18 µM for hAChE, IC50 values of 2.69 µM and 3.31 µM for EqBuChE, respectively). All the test compounds displayed excellent antioxidant activity (reduction percentage of DPPH values for compounds (62) and (63) were 85.67% and 84.49%, respectively at 100 µM concentration). Compounds (62) and (63) conferred specific copper ion chelating property in metal chelation study. Molecular docking studies of compounds (62) and (63) indicate strong interactions within the active sites of both the ChE enzymes. Besides that, these compounds also exhibited significant in silico drug-like pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, taken together, they can serve as a starting point in the designing of multifunctional ligands in pursuit of potential anti-AD agents that might further prevent the progression of ADs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan B Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dushyant V Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav R Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish M Kanhed
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel - School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Divya M Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavik S Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat N Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Navnit K Prajapati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti V Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.,Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Fouad MA, Zaki MY, Lotfy RA, Mahmoud WR. Insight on a new indolinone derivative as an orally bioavailable lead compound against renal cell carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104985. [PMID: 34020239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-indolinone-thiazolidinones and oxazolidinones 4a-k was synthesized via molecular hybridization approach and sequentially evaluated to explore its cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity screening pointed toward the N-cyclohexyl thiazolidinone derivative 4f that revealed promising renal cytotoxicity against CAKI-1 and UO-31 renal cancer cell lines with IC50 values 4.74 and 3.99 µM, respectively, which were comparable to those of sunitinib along with good safety threshold against normal renal cells. Further emphasis on compound 4f renal cytotoxicity was achieved via different enzyme assays and CAKI-1 and UO-31 cell cycle analysis. The results were supported by in silico studies to explore its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. Finally, compound 4f was subjected to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study through two different routes of administration showing excellent oral bioavailability. This research represents compound 4f as a promising candidate against renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mayssoune Y Zaki
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Raghda A Lotfy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Deb PK, Deka S, Borah P, Abed SN, Klotz KN. Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of A1 Adenosine Receptor: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2697-2715. [PMID: 31333094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, responsible for the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions by binding with four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, A1 AR is ubiquitously present, mediating a variety of physiological processes throughout the body, thus represents a promising drug target for the management of various pathological conditions. Agonists of A1 AR are found to be useful for the treatment of atrial arrhythmia, angina, type-2 diabetes, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, depression and Huntington's disease, whereas antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of diuresis, congestive heart failure, asthma, COPD, anxiety and dementia. However, treatment with full A1 AR agonists has been associated with numerous challenges like cardiovascular side effects, off-target activation as well as desensitization of A1 AR leading to tachyphylaxis. In this regard, partial agonists of A1 AR have been found to be beneficial in enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently reducing blood glucose level, while avoiding severe CVS side effects and tachyphylaxis. Allosteric enhancer of A1 AR is found to be potent for the treatment of neuropathic pain, culminating the side effects related to off-target tissue activation of A1 AR. This review provides an overview of the medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of various agonists/partial agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators of A1 AR, with a particular emphasis on their current status and future perspectives in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sara N Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Adenosine Receptor Agonists Exhibit Anti-Platelet Effects and the Potential to Overcome Resistance to P2Y 12 Receptor Antagonists. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010130. [PMID: 31905703 PMCID: PMC6982709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Large inter-individual variation in platelet response to endogenous agonists and pharmacological agents, including resistance to antiplatelet therapy, prompts a search for novel platelet inhibitors and development new antithrombotic strategies. The present in vitro study evaluates the beneficial effects of three adenosine receptor (AR) agonists (regadenoson, LUF 5835 and NECA), different in terms of their selectivity for platelet adenosine receptors, when used alone and in combination with P2Y12 inhibitors, such as cangrelor or prasugrel metabolite. The anti-platelet effects of AR agonists were evaluated in healthy subjects (in the whole group and after stratification of individuals into high- and low-responders to P2Y12 inhibitors), using whole blood techniques, under flow (thrombus formation) and static conditions (study of platelet activation and aggregation). Compared to P2Y12 antagonists, AR agonists were much less or not effective under static conditions, but demonstrated similar antiplatelet activity in flow. In most cases, AR agonists significantly enhanced the anti-platelet effect of P2Y12 antagonists, despite possessing different selectivity profiles and antiplatelet activities. Importantly, their inhibitory effects in combination with P2Y12 antagonists were similar in high- and low-responders to P2Y12 inhibitors. In conclusion, a combination of anti-platelet agents acting via the P1 and P2 purinergic receptors represents a promising alternative to existing antithrombotic therapy.
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Landman IR, Acuña-Bolomey E, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Synthesis and Properties of 1-Acyl Triazenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:6408-6412. [PMID: 31361494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1-Acyl triazenes can be prepared by acid-catalyzed hydration, gold/iodine-catalyzed oxidation, or oxyhalogenation of 1-alkynyl triazenes. Crystallographic analyses reveal a pronounced effect of the acyl group on the electronic structure of the triazene function. 1-Acyl triazenes display high thermal stability, and only moderate sensitivity toward hydrolysis. They are compatible with basic and oxidative conditions, allowing subsequent transformation. Under acidic conditions, 1-acyl triazenes act as acylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R Landman
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Emilio Acuña-Bolomey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Sashidhara KV, Singh LR, Shameem M, Shakya S, Kumar A, Laxman TS, Krishna S, Siddiqi MI, Bhatta RS, Banerjee D. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of dihydropyrimidinone–semicarbazone hybrids as potential human DNA ligase 1 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of rationally designed new class of hLig1 inhibitors with potentin vitroanti-cancer properties is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V. Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - L. Ravithej Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Sarika Shakya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | - Shagun Krishna
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Rabi S. Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
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Arin RM, Vallejo AI, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by rabbit parietal cell A2B adenosine receptor activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C823-34. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00224.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine modulates different functional activities in many cells of the gastrointestinal tract; some of them are believed to be mediated by interaction with its four G protein-coupled receptors. The renewed interest in the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) subtype can be traced by studies in which the introduction of new genetic and chemical tools has widened the pharmacological and structural knowledge of this receptor as well as its potential therapeutic use in cancer and inflammation- or hypoxia-related pathologies. In the acid-secreting parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, the use of various radioligands for adenosine receptors suggested the presence of the A2 adenosine receptor subtype(s) on the cell surface. Recently, we confirmed A2BR expression in native, nontransformed parietal cells at rest by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In this study, we show that A2BR is functional in primary rabbit gastric parietal cells, as indicated by the fact that agonist binding to A2BR increased adenylate cyclase activity and acid production. In addition, both acid production and radioligand binding of adenosine analogs to isolated cell membranes were potently blocked by selective A2BR antagonists, whereas ligands for A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors failed to abolish activation. We conclude that rabbit gastric parietal cells possess functional A2BR proteins that are coupled to Gs and stimulate HCl production upon activation. Whether adenosine- and A2BR-mediated functional responses play a role in human gastric pathophysiology is yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Arin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Vallejo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yuri Rueda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Topological sub-structural molecular design (TOPS-MODE): a useful tool to explore key fragments of human $$\mathbf{A}_{3}$$ A 3 adenosine receptor ligands. Mol Divers 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Bogolubsky AV, Moroz YS, Mykhailiuk PK, Dmytriv YV, Pipko SE, Babichenko LN, Konovets AI, Tolmachev A. Facile one-pot synthesis of 4-substituted semicarbazides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple one-pot approach to 4-substituted semicarbazides allowed us to synthesize a 25 member library.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurii S. Moroz
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- ChemBioCenter
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
| | | | - Sergey E. Pipko
- ChemBioCenter
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | | | - Anzhelika I. Konovets
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- The Institute of High Technologies
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
| | - Andrey Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- ChemBioCenter
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
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10
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Preparation of substituted semicarbazides from corresponding amines and hydrazines via phenyl carbamates. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Stariat J, Suprunová V, Roh J, Šesták V, Eisner T, Filipský T, Mladěnka P, Nobilis M, Šimůnek T, Klimeš J, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Kovaříková P. Simultaneous determination of the novel thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer agent, Bp4eT, and its main phase I metabolites in plasma: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:621-9. [PMID: 24254882 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel thiosemicarbazone metal chelators are extensively studied anti-cancer agents with marked and selective activity against a wide variety of cancer cells, as well as human tumor xenografts in mice. This study describes the first validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT) and its main metabolites (E/Z isomers of the semicarbazone structure, M1-E and M1-Z, and the amidrazone metabolite, M2) in plasma. Separation was achieved using a C18 column with ammonium formate/acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase. Plasma samples were treated using solid-phase extraction on 96-well plates. This method was validated over the concentration range of 0.18-2.80 μM for Bp4eT, 0.02-0.37 μM for both M1-E and M1-Z, and 0.10-1.60 μM for M2. This methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from in vivo experiments, allowing for the concentration-time profile to be simultaneously assessed for the parent drug and its metabolites. The current study addresses the lack of knowledge regarding the quantitative analysis of thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer drugs and their metabolites in plasma and provides the first pharmacokinetic data on a lead compound of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Stariat
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Qi B, Tao H, Wu D, Bai J, Shi Y, Gong P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-Phenoxy-6,7-disubstituted Quinolines Possessing Semicarbazone Scaffolds as Selective c-Met Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:596-609. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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Functional selectivity of adenosine A1 receptor ligands? Purinergic Signal 2012; 9:91-100. [PMID: 23054444 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of functional selectivity offers great potential for the development of drugs that selectively activate a specific intracellular signaling pathway. During the last few years, it has become possible to systematically analyse compound libraries on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for this 'biased' form of signaling. We screened over 800 compounds targeting the class of adenosine A(1) receptors using a β-arrestin-mediated signaling assay in U2OS cells as a G protein-independent readout for GPCR activation. A selection of compounds was further analysed in a G protein-mediated GTPγS assay. Additionally, receptor affinity of these compounds was determined in a radioligand binding assay with the agonist [(3)H]CCPA. Of all compounds tested, only LUF5589 9 might be considered as functionally selective for the G protein-dependent pathway, particularly in view of a likely overestimation of β-arrestin signaling in the U2OS cells. Altogether, our study shows that functionally selective ligands for the adenosine A(1) receptor are rare, if existing at all. A thorough analysis of biased signaling on other GPCRs also reveals that only very few compounds can be considered functionally selective. This might indicate that the concept of functional selectivity is less common than speculated.
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Wang B, Ke S, Kishore B, Xu X, Zou Z, Li Z. A Facile Synthesis of Pyrimidone Derivatives and Single-Crystal Characterization of Pymetrozine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.551869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Wang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Babu Kishore
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhuyan Zou
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhong Li
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
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15
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Attia MI, Maklad YA, Amin KM, Abdel-Rehim M, El-Behairy MF. Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 47:360-9. [PMID: 22118828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Khankischpur M, Hansen FK, Meurer R, Mauz T, Bergmann B, Walter RD, Geffken D. Facile Synthesis and In-Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Novel α-Hydroxy Hydrazonates. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:755-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Chou C, Guin J, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Grimme S, Studer A. Radical‐Transfer Hydroamination of Olefins with N‐Aminated Dihydropyridines. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1197-209. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Ming Chou
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251‐8336523
| | - Joyram Guin
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251‐8336523
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251‐8336523
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251‐8336523
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251‐8336523
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Fredholm BB, IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Linden J, Müller CE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors--an update. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:1-34. [PMID: 21303899 PMCID: PMC3061413 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1015] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 10 years since our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors, no developments have led to major changes in the recommendations. However, there have been so many other developments that an update is needed. The fact that the structure of one of the adenosine receptors has recently been solved has already led to new ways of in silico screening of ligands. The evidence that adenosine receptors can form homo- and heteromultimers has accumulated, but the functional significance of such complexes remains unclear. The availability of mice with genetic modification of all the adenosine receptors has led to a clarification of the functional roles of adenosine, and to excellent means to study the specificity of drugs. There are also interesting associations between disease and structural variants in one or more of the adenosine receptors. Several new selective agonists and antagonists have become available. They provide improved possibilities for receptor classification. There are also developments hinting at the usefulness of allosteric modulators. Many drugs targeting adenosine receptors are in clinical trials, but the established therapeutic use is still very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil B Fredholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Nell PG, Albrecht-Küpper B. The adenosine A1 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 47:163-201. [PMID: 19328291 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Nell
- Global Drug Discovery - Operations, Bayer HealthCare AG, Bayer Schering Pharma, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Yogeeswari P, Ragavendran JV, Sriram D, Nageswari Y, Kavya R, Sreevatsan N, Vanitha K, Stables J. Discovery of 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives possessing anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities: a hybrid pharmacophore approach. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2459-67. [PMID: 17451232 DOI: 10.1021/jm061431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs are often utilized in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The present study aims at the design and synthesis of newer gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with the combination of aryl semicarbazone and the GABA pharmacophores in order to develop a multifunctional drug useful in the treatment of neurological disorders like epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Various GABA semicarbazones were synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant, peripheral analgesic, antiallodynic, and antihyperalgesic activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the use of their spectral data in addition to elemental analysis. The synthesized derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA produced anticonvulsant and antinociceptive actions in the acetic acid induced writhing test and peripheral nerve injury (chronic constriction injury and L5 spinal nerve ligation) models of neuropathic pain. The underlying mechanisms are expected to be enhancement of peripheral GABAergic neurotransmission owing to their activity in the scPIC screen and due to various reports on the involvement of GABAergic pathway in peripheral models of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani-333031, India.
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21
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Elzein E, Kalla R, Li X, Perry T, Marquart T, Micklatcher M, Li Y, Wu Y, Zeng D, Zablocki J. N6-Cycloalkyl-2-substituted adenosine derivatives as selective, high affinity adenosine A1 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:161-6. [PMID: 17045477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of new selective, high affinity A(1)-AdoR agonists is reported. Compound 23 that incorporated a carboxylic acid functionality in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring displayed K(iL) value of 1 nM for the A(1)-AdoR and >5000-fold selectivity over the A(3) and A(2A)-AdoRs. In addition, compound 19 that incorporated a carboxamide functionality in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring displayed subnanomolar affinity for the A(1)-AdoR (K(iL)=0.6 nM) and >600-fold selectivity over the A(3) and A(2A)-AdoRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfatih Elzein
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CV Therapeutics Inc., 3172 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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22
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Ravyn V, Bostwick JR. Functional coupling of the Galpha(olf) variant XLGalpha(olf) with the human adenosine A2A receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2006; 26:241-58. [PMID: 16818375 DOI: 10.1080/10799890600710592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A recently identified novel Galphaolf variant, XLGalphaolf, is shown to functionally couple to the human adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). In Sf9 cells expressing A2AR, beta1, and gamma2, co-expression of XLGalphaolf increased NECA-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding from approximately 130% to 300% of basal levels. Pharmacological characteristics of A2AR ligands on these cells were evaluated by using [3H]ZM241385- and [35S]GTPgammaS- binding assays. The rank order of the equilibrium binding constants (Kd or Ki) of adenosine receptor ligands were [3H]ZM241385 approximately CGS15943 < MRS1220 < < CV1808 approximately NECA < CGS21680 approximately adenosine < IBMECA < HEMADO approximately CPA approximately CCPA. The rank order of EC50 values for agonists were CV1808 approximately NECA < adenosine approximately CGS26180 < IBMECA < HEMADO approximately CPA approximately CCPA. This pharmacology is consistent with the literature for A2AR and suggests that Sf9 cells co-expressing A2AR, beta1, gamma2, and XLGalphaolf could serve as a heterologous expression system for A2AR drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipa Ravyn
- Lead Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, USA
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23
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Invited Lectures : Overviews Purinergic signalling: past, present and future. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:1-324. [PMID: 18404494 PMCID: PMC2096525 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Thirumurugan R, Raghavendran JV, Sudhan K, Pavana RK, Stables J. Discovery of N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-Substituted Semicarbazones as Anticonvulsants: Hybrid Pharmacophore-Based Design. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6202-11. [PMID: 16190747 DOI: 10.1021/jm050283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common primary neurological disorder known. In the past decade, various aryl semicarbazones have been designed that were structurally dissimilar from many common anticonvulsants containing the dicarboximide function (CONRCO), which may contribute to toxic side effects. In the present work various N4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) semicarbazones were designed as pharmacophore hybrids between the aryl semicarbazones and ameltolide. A three-dimensional four-point pharmacophore model was developed for anticonvulsants, and the title compounds were found to match with ralitoline. All of the compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock test when administered by both intraperitoneal and oral routes. Compound N1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N4-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) semicarbazone (9) emerged as a prototype with wide spectrum anticonvulsant agent active in five models of seizure with no neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Compound 9 increased the 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by 118% and inhibited the GABA transaminase enzyme both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.
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25
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Bhattacharya P, Leonard JT, Roy K. Exploring QSAR of thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives as potent and selective human adenosine A3 receptor antagonists using FA and GFA techniques. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1159-65. [PMID: 15670924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Binding affinity data of thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives (n=30) for human adenosine A3 receptor subtype have been subjected to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis using quantum chemical and hydrophobicity parameters. Wang-Ford charges of the common atoms of the compounds [calculated from molecular electrostatic potential surface of energy minimized geometry using Austin Model 1 (AM1) technique] were used as independent variables apart from partition coefficient (logP) and suitable dummy parameters. The variables for the multiple regression analyses were selected based on principal component factor analysis (FA), and generated equations were statistically validated using leave-one-out technique. The best equation thus obtained explained and predicted 74.4% and 68.9% respectively of the variance of the binding affinity. The results suggested importance of Wang-Ford charges of atoms C2, C5 and C7. Furthermore, the A3 binding affinity increases with decrease of lipophilicity of the compounds and in the presence of methyl or ethyl substituent at R position. Again, the binding affinity decreases in the presence of tert-butyloxy group at R position. When factor scores were used as predictor variables in principal component regression analysis, the resulted model showed 87.0% predicted variance and 89.5% explained variance. The data set was also modeled using genetic function approximation (GFA) technique. The best two equations derived from GFA show better predicted variance values (0.753 and 0.739) than that found in case of the best equation derived from FA. However, considerable intercorrelation was found between two predictor variables in case of GFA derived equations. GFA derived equations show importance of Wang-Ford charges of different atoms of the thiazole/thiadiazole nucleus and phenyl ring (S9, X8 and C2, the effects of the first two being predominant) along with similar impact of lipophilicity and R group on the binding affinity as found in case of the FA derived relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Bhattacharya
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Lab, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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26
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Rodenko B, Koch M, van der Burg AM, Wanner MJ, Koomen GJ. The Mechanism of Selective Purine C-Nitration Revealed: NMR Studies Demonstrate Formation and Radical Rearrangement of an N7-Nitramine Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:5957-63. [PMID: 15839695 DOI: 10.1021/ja042590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modified purine derivatives are of great importance in biomedical sciences, and substitution reactions on the purine skeleton are intensively studied. In our laboratory, an efficient and selective purine C2-nitration reaction was developed using a mixture of tetrabutylammonium nitrate and trifluoroacetic anhydride. The resulting 2-nitro moiety appeared to be a versatile handle to introduce a variety of pharmacophores onto the purine skeleton. Since the mechanism of this selective purine C2-nitration reaction has remained unclear, we now present an extensive NMR study leading to its elucidation, using N9-Boc-protected 6-chloropurine as a model compound. Direct electrophilic aromatic nitration of the highly electron-deficient C2 position was excluded, and we demonstrate that this reaction occurs in a three-step process. Electrophilic attack by trifluoroacetyl nitrate on the purine N7 position results in a nitrammonium species that is trapped by a trifluoroacetate anion furnishing N7-nitramine intermediate 11. This intermediate was characterized at -50 degrees C by (1)H, (13)C, (15)N, and (19)F NMR. At T > -40 degrees C, the N7-nitramine intermediate undergoes a nitramine rearrangement, which generates a C2-nitro species that immediately eliminates TFA to give 2-nitro-6-chloro-9-Boc purine 10. The involvement of radicals during the nitramine rearrangement was unequivocally established by (15)N-CIDNP. Moreover, the emission signal observed for the rearranged product, 2-nitropurine 10, showed that it is primarily formed in an intermolecular process. A quantitative radical trapping experiment finally disclosed that 65-70% of the nitramine rearrangement takes place intermolecularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rodenko
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Yan L, Burbiel JC, Maass A, Müller CE. Adenosine receptor agonists: from basic medicinal chemistry to clinical development. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005; 8:537-76. [PMID: 14662005 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.8.2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3). Adenosine plays an important role in many (patho)physiological conditions in the CNS as well as in peripheral organs and tissues. Adenosine receptors are present on virtually every cell. However, receptor subtype distribution and densities vary greatly. Adenosine itself is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and arrhythmias and as a vasodilatatory agent in cardiac imaging. During the past 20 years, a number of selective agonists for A(1), A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptors have been developed, all of them structurally derived from adenosine. Several such compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (A(1)and A(2A)), pain (A(1)), wound healing (A(2A)), diabetic foot ulcers (A(2A)), colorectal cancer (A(3)) and rheumatoid arthritis (A(3)). Clinical evaluation of some A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors; low brain penetration, which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases; short half-lifes of compounds; or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitisation or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Partial agonists, inhibitors of adenosine metabolism (adenosine kinase and deaminase inhibitors) or allosteric activators of adenosine receptors may be advantageous for certain indications, as they may exhibit fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Yan
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute Poppelsdorf, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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28
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Wanner MJ, Koch M, Koomen GJ. Synthesis and antitumor activity of methyltriazene prodrugs simultaneously releasing DNA-methylating agents and the antiresistance drug O(6)-benzylguanine. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6875-83. [PMID: 15615536 DOI: 10.1021/jm049556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Active resistance of tumor cells against DNA alkylating agents arises by the production of high levels of the DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). This resistance during treatment with, for example, the anticancer agent temozolomide can be reversed by administration of O(6)-benzylguanine, a purine that transfers its benzyl group to AGT and irreversibly inactivates it. Stimulated by the favorable therapeutic properties of temozolomide we designed and synthesized DNA-methylating triazenes built on the antiresistance benzylguanine ring system. The condensation reaction between 2-nitrosopurines and acylhydrazines proved to be very suitable to prepare acylated methyltriazenes. Fine-tuning of the release rate of both the methylating agent (diazomethane) and of O(6)-benzylguanine was accomplished by variation of the hydrolysis-sensitive acyl substituent in 5. Hydrolysis studies were performed with (1)H NMR and revealed that the p-nitrophenyl substituted triazene 26 showed an optimal hydrolysis rate (t(1/2) = 23 min) and almost 100% selectivity for the desired fragmentation route. In vitro antitumor studies in the 60 human tumor cell line panel of the National Cancer Institute confirmed the superior properties of p-nitrophenyl-protected methyl triazene 26, showing mean IC(50) values of 10 microM compared to 100 microM for temozolomide. In analogy with temozolomide, triazene 26 showed however low preference for each of the cancer subpanels, with IC(50) values between 8 and 14 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Wanner
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Van't Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam
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29
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Wanner MJ, Rodenko B, Koch M, Koomen GJ. New (1-deaza)purine derivatives via efficient C-2 nitration of the (1-deaza)purine ring. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 23:1313-20. [PMID: 15571251 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200027566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of substituted (1-deaza)purines using a mixture of tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TBAN) and trifluoracetic acid anhydride (TFAA) was applied to prepare nitrosubstituted (1-deaza)purines at low temperature. The nitro group influences the system twofold: 1) it activates other substituents towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution and 2) it can be substituted itself leading to a variety of di-substituted (1-deaza)purines, also via solid phase syntheses. Several of the molecules obtained were studied for their antiprotozoal activity and for interactions with the different human adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wanner
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Wittendorp MC, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel J, Ijzerman AP, Boddeke HWGM, Biber K. The mouse brain adenosine A1 receptor: functional expression and pharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 487:73-9. [PMID: 15033378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The adenosinergic system is involved in many important physiological functions. Adenosine exerts its extracellular effects through four types of G-protein-coupled receptors: A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3). Adenosine acts as an important regulator of metabolic processes. In the brain adenosine mediates prominent neuroprotective functions via the adenosine A(1) receptor. Whereas the pharmacological characteristics of the rat and human adenosine A(1) receptor have been intensively studied, the mouse adenosine A(1) receptor has not yet been characterised. Accordingly, we have cloned the mouse brain adenosine A(1) receptor and present here a pharmacological characterisation of the mouse adenosine A(1) receptor using functional studies and radioligand binding assays. The results show that the binding affinities of several ligands for the mouse adenosine A(1) receptor are similar to the affinities for the rat and human adenosine A(1) receptor with some exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Wittendorp
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Beukers MW, Chang LCW, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, Spanjersberg RF, Brussee J, IJzerman AP. New, non-adenosine, high-potency agonists for the human adenosine A2B receptor with an improved selectivity profile compared to the reference agonist N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3707-9. [PMID: 15239649 DOI: 10.1021/jm049947s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A(2B) receptor is the least well characterized of the four known adenosine receptor subtypes because of the absence of potent, selective agonists. Here, we present five non-adenosine agonists. Among them, 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile, 17, LUF5834, is a high-efficacy partial agonist with EC(50) = 12 nM and 45-fold selectivity over the adenosine A(3) receptor but lacking selectivity versus the A(1) and A(2A) subtypes. Compound 18, LUF5835, the 3-hydroxyphenyl analogue, is a full agonist with EC(50) = 10 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot W Beukers
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Quadrelli P, Scrocchi R, Caramella P, Rescifina A, Piperno A. From cyclopentadiene to isoxazoline–carbocyclic nucleosides: a rapid access to biological molecules through nitrosocarbonyl chemistry. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Jagtap PG, Chen Z, Szabó C, Klotz KN. 2-(N-Acyl) and 2-N-acyl-N6-substituted analogues of adenosine and their affinity at the human adenosine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1495-8. [PMID: 15006389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(N-acyl) and 2-(N-acyl)-N(6)-alkyladenosine analogues have been synthesized from the intermediate 2-amino-6-chloroadenosine derivatives (2b and 7) and evaluated for their affinity at the human A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors. We found that 2-(N-acyl) derivatives of adenosine showed relatively low affinity at A(2A) and A(3) receptors, while the N(6)-cyclopentyl substituent in 4h and 4i induced high potency [A(1) (K(i))=20.7 and 31.8 nM respectively] at the A(1) receptor and resulted therefore in increased selectivity for this subtype. The general synthetic methods and their binding studies are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Jagtap
- Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 419E, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
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34
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Raymond JW, Jalaie M, Bradley MP. Conditional Probability: A New Fusion Method for Merging Disparate Virtual Screening Results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 44:601-9. [PMID: 15032541 DOI: 10.1021/ci034234o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new consensus scoring approach for merging the results of different virtual screening methods based on conditional probabilities. The technique is experimentally evaluated using several ligand-based virtual screening methods and compared to two variations of the established Sum-rank fusion method where it performs as well or better than the Sum-rank methods. Our experiments confirm that consensus scoring increases the number of active compounds retrieved with respect to the best individual methods on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Raymond
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Discovery Technologies, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
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