1
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Mihailescu M, Worcester DL, Carroll CL, Chamberlin AR, White SH. DOTAP: Structure, hydration, and the counterion effect. Biophys J 2023; 122:1086-1093. [PMID: 36703558 PMCID: PMC10111261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) is one of the original synthetic cationic lipids used for the liposomal transfection of oligonucleotides in gene therapy. The key structural element of DOTAP is its quaternary ammonium headgroup that is responsible for interactions with both nucleic acids and target cell membranes. Because these interactions are fundamental to the design of a major class of transfection lipids, it is important to understand the structure of DOTAP and how it interacts with halide counterions. Here, we use x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques to examine the structure of DOTAP and how chloride (Cl-) and iodide (I-) counterions alter the hydration properties of the DOTAP headgroup. A problem of particular interest is the poor solubility of DOTAP/I- in water solutions. Our results show that the poor solubility results from very tight binding of the I- counterion to the headgroup and the consequent expulsion of water. The structural principles we report here are important for assessing the suitability of DOTAP and its quaternary ammonium derivatives for transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Mihailescu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - David L Worcester
- Biology Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - A Richard Chamberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Stephen H White
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
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2
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Yamamoto K, Miyamoto K, Ueno M, Takemoto Y, Kuriyama M, Onomura O. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfonylative Desymmetrization of Glycerol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249025. [PMID: 36558158 PMCID: PMC9780796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is the main side product in the biodiesel manufacturing process, and the development of glycerol valorization methods would indirectly contribute the sustainable biodiesel production and decarbonization. Transformation of glycerol to optically active C3 units would be one of the attractive routes for glycerol valorization. We herein present the asymmetric sulfonylative desymmetrization of glycerol by using a CuCN/(R,R)-PhBOX catalyst system to provide an optically active monosulfonylated glycerol in high efficiency. A high degree of enantioselectivity was achieved with a commercially available chiral ligand and an inexpensive carbonate base. The optically active monosulfonylated glycerol was successfully transformed into a C3 unit attached with differentially protected three hydroxy moieties. In addition, the synthetic utility of the present reaction was also demonstrated by the transformation of the monosulfonylated glycerol into an optically active synthetic ceramide, sphingolipid E.
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3
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New Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia Collected in Mayotte Lagoon. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030186. [PMID: 35323485 PMCID: PMC8951328 DOI: 10.3390/md20030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological screening of 44 marine sponge extracts for the research of bioactive molecules, with potential application in the treatment of age-related diseases (cancer and Alzheimer’s disease) and skin aging, resulted in the selection of Scopalina hapalia extract for chemical study. As no reports of secondary metabolites of S. hapalia were found in the literature, we undertook this research to further extend current knowledge of Scopalina chemistry. The investigation of this species led to the discovery of four new compounds: two butenolides sinularone J (1) and sinularone K (2), one phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-pentanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (3) and one lysophospholipid 1-O-(3-methoxy-tetradecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (4) alongside with known lysophospholipids (5 and 6), alkylglycerols (7–10), epidioxysterols (11 and 12) and diketopiperazines (13 and 14). The structure elucidation of the new metabolites (1–4) was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Molecular networking was also explored to complement classical investigation and unravel the chemical classes within this species. GNPS analysis provided further information on potential metabolites with additional bioactive natural compounds predicted.
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4
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Oku N, Hasada A, Kimura K, Honoki H, Katsuta R, Yajima A, Nukada T, Ishigami K, Igarashi Y. Sulfoquinovosylglyceryl ether, a new group of ether lipids from lake ball-forming green alga Aegagropilopsis moravica (family Pithophoraceae). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1493-1498. [PMID: 33871157 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ether lipids are a minor group of glycerolipids but widespread in nature, playing a vital function as membrane lipids, signalling molecules, or buoyant material. We have discovered sulfoquinovosylchimyl alcohol (1), a sulfonate-substituted glyceroglycolipid, from a lake ball-forming green alga Aegagropilopsis moravica (family Pithophoraceae), with the guidance of antimicrobial activity. The structure of 1, including absolute configurations of all sterogenic centers, was established by extensive NMR analysis, chemical degradation studies, and finally by total synthesis. Lipid 1 is an ether variant of a lyso-form of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, a chloroplast-specific membrane lipid, and thus represents a new lipid class, sulfoquinovosylglyceryl ether. A high occurrence of mobile life form in the family Pithophoraceae and a unique behaviour of chloroplasts reported in closely related Aegagropila linnaei, the famous lake-ball alga, implies a possible role of lipid 1 or its acyl derivatives in ecological adaptation to dysphotic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oku
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsumi Hasada
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hideharu Honoki
- Toyama Science Museum, 1-8-31 Nishinakano, Toyama, 939-8034, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Arata Yajima
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nukada
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
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5
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Lou J, Best MD. Strategies for altering lipid self-assembly to trigger liposome cargo release. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104966. [PMID: 32888913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While liposomes have proven to be effective drug delivery nanocarriers, their therapeutic attributes could be improved through the development of clinically viable triggered release strategies in which encapsulated drug contents could be selectively released at the sites of diseased cells. As such, a significant amount of research has been reported involving the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes and a broad range of strategies have been explored for driving content release. These have included the introduction of trigger groups at either the lipid headgroup or within the acyl chains that alter lipid self-assembly properties of known lipids as well as the rational design of lipid analogs programed to undergo conformational changes induced by events such as binding interactions. This review article describes advances in the design of stimuli-responsive liposome strategies with an eye towards emerging trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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6
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Ghavami M, Shiraishi T, Nielsen PE. Enzyme-Triggered Release of the Antisense Octaarginine-PNA Conjugate from Phospholipase A2 Sensitive Liposomes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1018-1025. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghavami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Takehiko Shiraishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter E. Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Molecular Modeling-Guided Design of Phospholipid-Based Prodrugs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092210. [PMID: 31060339 PMCID: PMC6538990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidic prodrug approach is an emerging field for improving a number of biopharmaceutical and drug delivery aspects. Owing to their structure and nature, phospholipid (PL)-based prodrugs may join endogenous lipid processing pathways, and hence significantly improve the pharmacokinetics and/or bioavailability of the drug. Additional advantages of this approach include drug targeting by enzyme-triggered drug release, blood–brain barrier permeability, lymphatic targeting, overcoming drug resistance, or enabling appropriate formulation. The PL-prodrug design includes various structural modalities-different conjugation strategies and/or the use of linkers between the PL and the drug moiety, which considerably influence the prodrug characteristics and the consequent effects. In this article, we describe how molecular modeling can guide the structural design of PL-based prodrugs. Computational simulations can predict the extent of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated activation, and facilitate prodrug development. Several computational methods have been used to facilitate the design of the pro-drugs, which will be reviewed here, including molecular docking, the free energy perturbation method, molecular dynamics simulations, and free density functional theory. Altogether, the studies described in this article indicate that computational simulation-guided PL-based prodrug molecular design correlates well with the experimental results, allowing for more mechanistic and less empirical development. In the future, the use of molecular modeling techniques to predict the activity of PL-prodrugs should be used earlier in the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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8
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Prospects and Challenges of Phospholipid-Based Prodrugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040210. [PMID: 30388756 PMCID: PMC6321354 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the prodrug approach is used already at the early stages of drug development. Lipidic prodrug approach is a growing field for improving a number of drug properties/delivery/therapy aspects, and can offer solutions for various unmet needs. This approach includes drug moiety bound to the lipid carrier, which can be triglyceride, fatty acids, steroid, or phospholipid (PL). The focus of this article is PL-based prodrugs, which includes a PL carrier covalently bound to the active drug moiety. An overview of relevant physiological lipid processing pathways and absorption barriers is provided, followed by drug delivery/therapeutic application of PL-drug conjugates, as well as computational modeling techniques, and a modern bioinformatics tool that can aid in the optimization of PL conjugates. PL-based prodrugs have increased lipophilicity comparing to the parent drug, and can therefore significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profile and overall bioavailability of the parent drug, join the endogenous lipid processing pathways and therefore accomplish drug targeting, e.g., by lymphatic transport, drug release at specific target site(s), or passing the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, an exciting gateway for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer is presented, by utilizing the PL sn-2 position in the prodrug design, aiming for PLA₂-mediated activation. Overall, a PL-based prodrug approach shows great potential in improving different drug delivery/therapy aspects, and is expected to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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9
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Markovic M, Ben‐Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Lipidic prodrug approach for improved oral drug delivery and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:579-607. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Shimon Ben‐Shabat
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology, University of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
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10
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Maji D, Lu J, Sarder P, Schmieder AH, Cui G, Yang X, Pan D, Lew MD, Achilefu S, Lanza GM. Cellular Trafficking of Sn-2 Phosphatidylcholine Prodrugs Studied with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Super-resolution Microscopy. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2018; 1:128-145. [PMID: 31249994 PMCID: PMC6597004 DOI: 10.33218/prnano1(2).180724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the in vivo efficacy of Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs incorporated into targeted, non-pegylated lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles was demonstrated in prior preclinical studies, the microscopic details of cell prodrug internalization and trafficking events are unknown. Classic fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and single-molecule super-resolution microscopy were used to investigate the cellular handling of doxorubicin-prodrug and AlexaFluor™-488-prodrug. Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs delivered by hemifusion of nanoparticle and cell phospholipid membranes functioned as phosphatidylcholine mimics, circumventing the challenges of endosome sequestration and release. Phosphatidylcholine prodrugs in the outer cell membrane leaflet translocated to the inner membrane leaflet by ATP-dependent and ATP-independent mechanisms and distributed broadly within the cytosolic membranes over the next 12 h. A portion of the phosphatidylcholine prodrug populated vesicle membranes trafficked to the perinuclear Golgi/ER region, where the drug was enzymatically liberated and activated. Native doxorubicin entered the cells, passed rapidly to the nucleus, and bound to dsDNA, whereas DOX was first enzymatically liberated from DOX-prodrug within the cytosol, particularly in the perinuclear region, before binding nuclear dsDNA. Much of DOX-prodrug was initially retained within intracellular membranes. In vitro anti-proliferation effectiveness of the two drug delivery approaches was equivalent at 48 h, suggesting that residual intracellular DOX-prodrug may constitute a slow-release drug reservoir that enhances effectiveness. We have demonstrated that Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs function as phosphatidylcholine mimics following reported pathways of phosphatidylcholine distribution and metabolism. Drug complexed to the Sn-2 fatty acid is enzymatically liberated and reactivated over many hours, which may enhance efficacy overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolonchampa Maji
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne H Schmieder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Matthew D Lew
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Thompson AM, O'Connor PD, Marshall AJ, Blaser A, Yardley V, Maes L, Gupta S, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Wan B, Franzblau SG, Ma Z, Cooper CB, Denny WA. Development of (6 R)-2-Nitro-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-6,7-dihydro-5 H-imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]oxazine (DNDI-8219): A New Lead for Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2329-2352. [PMID: 29461823 PMCID: PMC5867678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Discovery
of the potent antileishmanial effects of antitubercular
6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazoles and
7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines
stimulated the examination of further scaffolds (e.g., 2-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepines), but the results for these seemed less
attractive. Following the screening of a 900-compound pretomanid analogue
library, several hits with more suitable potency, solubility, and
microsomal stability were identified, and the superior efficacy of
newly synthesized 6R enantiomers with phenylpyridine-based
side chains was established through head-to-head assessments in a Leishmania donovani mouse model. Two such leads (R-84 and R-89) displayed promising activity in the more stringent Leishmania
infantum hamster model but were unexpectedly found to be
potent inhibitors of hERG. An extensive structure–activity
relationship investigation pinpointed two compounds (R-6 and pyridine R-136)
with better solubility and pharmacokinetic properties that also provided
excellent oral efficacy in the same hamster model (>97% parasite
clearance
at 25 mg/kg, twice daily) and exhibited minimal hERG inhibition. Additional
profiling earmarked R-6 as the favored
backup development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street , London WC1E 7HT , United Kingdom
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Parasitology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street , New York , New York 10005 , United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street , New York , New York 10005 , United States
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
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12
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Kapoor B, Gupta R, Singh SK, Gulati M, Singh S. Prodrugs, phospholipids and vesicular delivery - An effective triumvirate of pharmacosomes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 253:35-65. [PMID: 29454464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the advent from the laboratory bench to patient bedside in last five decades, vesicular systems have now come to be widely accepted as pragmatic means for controlled delivery of drugs. Their success stories include those of liposomes, niosomes and even the lately developed ethosomes and transferosomes. Pharmacosomes, which, as delivery systems offer numerous advantages and have been widely researched, however, remain largely unacknowledged as a successful delivery system. Though a large number of drugs have been derivatized and formulated into self-assembled vesicular systems, the term pharmacosomes has not been widely used while reporting them. Therefore, their relative obscurity may be attributed to the non-usage of the nomenclature of pharmacosomes by the researchers working in the area. We present a review on the scenario that lead to origin of these bio-inspired vesicles composed of self-assembling amphiphilic molecules. Various drugs that have been formulated into pharmacosomes, their characterization techniques, their properties relative to those of other vesicular delivery systems, and the success achieved so far are also discussed.
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13
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Gagnon MC, Dautrey S, Bertrand X, Auger M, Paquin JF. A Flexible Synthetic Approach to Phosphatidylglycerols. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Gagnon
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Sébastien Dautrey
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Michèle Auger
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Paquin
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
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Fouladi F, Steffen KJ, Mallik S. Enzyme-Responsive Liposomes for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:857-868. [PMID: 28201868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nanocarriers that deliver the payloads at the target site, leading to therapeutic drug concentrations at the diseased site and reduced toxic effects in healthy tissues. Several approaches have been used to enhance the ability of the nanocarrier to target the specific tissues, including ligand-targeted liposomes and stimuli-responsive liposomes. Ligand-targeted liposomes exhibit higher uptake by the target tissue due to the targeting ligand attached to the surface, while the stimuli-responsive liposomes do not release their cargo unless they expose to an endogenous or exogenous stimulant at the target site. In this review, we mainly focus on the liposomes that are responsive to pathologically increased levels of enzymes at the target site. Enzyme-responsive liposomes release their cargo upon contact with the enzyme through several destabilization mechanisms: (1) structural perturbation in the lipid bilayer, (2) removal of a shielding polymer from the surface and increased cellular uptake, (3) cleavage of a lipopeptide or lipopolymer incorporated in the bilayer, and (4) activation of a prodrug in the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fouladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kristine J Steffen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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15
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Fabrication of liposomal doxorubicin exhibiting ultrasensitivity against phospholipase A 2 for efficient pulmonary drug delivery to lung cancers. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Pan D, Pham CTN, Weilbaecher KN, Tomasson MH, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Contact-facilitated drug delivery with Sn2 lipase labile prodrugs optimize targeted lipid nanoparticle drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:85-106. [PMID: 26296541 PMCID: PMC4709477 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sn2 lipase labile phospholipid prodrugs in conjunction with contact-facilitated drug delivery offer an important advancement in Nanomedicine. Many drugs incorporated into nanosystems, targeted or not, are substantially lost during circulation to the target. However, favorably altering the pharmacokinetics and volume of distribution of systemic drug delivery can offer greater efficacy with lower toxicity, leading to new prolonged-release nanoexcipients. However, the concept of achieving Paul Erhlich's inspired vision of a 'magic bullet' to treat disease has been largely unrealized due to unstable nanomedicines, nanosystems achieving low drug delivery to target cells, poor intracellular bioavailability of endocytosed nanoparticle payloads, and the substantial biological barriers of extravascular particle penetration into pathological sites. As shown here, Sn2 phospholipid prodrugs in conjunction with contact-facilitated drug delivery prevent premature drug diffusional loss during circulation and increase target cell bioavailability. The Sn2 phospholipid prodrug approach applies equally well for vascular constrained lipid-encapsulated particles and micelles the size of proteins that penetrate through naturally fenestrated endothelium in the bone marrow or thin-walled venules of an inflamed microcirculation. At one time Nanomedicine was considered a 'Grail Quest' by its loyal opposition and even many in the field adsorbing the pains of a long-learning curve about human biology and particles. However, Nanomedicine with innovations like Sn2 phospholipid prodrugs has finally made 'made the turn' toward meaningful translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Cersosimo U, Sgorbissa A, Foti C, Drioli S, Angelica R, Tomasella A, Picco R, Semrau MS, Storici P, Benedetti F, Berti F, Brancolini C. Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization for in Vivo Delivery of a Nonselective Isopeptidase Inhibitor as New Antineoplastic Agent. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1691-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulma Cersosimo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgorbissa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carmen Foti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Drioli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rosario Angelica
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Tomasella
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Stefania Semrau
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area
Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Storici
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area
Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Berti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
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18
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Quach ND, Mock JN, Scholpa NE, Eggert MW, Payré C, Lambeau G, Arnold RD, Cummings BS. Role of the phospholipase A2 receptor in liposome drug delivery in prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3443-51. [PMID: 25189995 PMCID: PMC4186678 DOI: 10.1021/mp500174p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily and can internalize secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) via endocytosis in non-cancer cells. sPLA2 itself was recently shown to be overexpressed in prostate tumors and to be a possible mediator of metastasis; however, little is known about the expression of PLA2R1 or its function in prostate cancers. Thus, we examined PLA2R1 expression in primary prostate cells (PCS-440-010) and human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3), and we determined the effect of PLA2R1 knockdown on cytotoxicity induced by free or liposome-encapsulated chemotherapeutics. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the expression of PLA2R1 was higher in prostate cancer cells compared to that in primary prostate cells. Knockdown of PLA2R1 expression in PC-3 cells using shRNA increased cell proliferation and did not affect the toxicity of cisplatin, doxorubicin (Dox), and docetaxel. In contrast, PLA2R1 knockdown increased the in vitro toxicity of Dox encapsulated in sPLA2 responsive liposomes (SPRL) and correlated with increased Dox and SPRL uptake. Knockdown of PLA2R1 also increased the expression of Group IIA and X sPLA2. These data show the novel findings that PLA2R1 is expressed in prostate cancer cells, that PLA2R1 expression alters cell proliferation, and that PLA2R1 modulates the behavior of liposome-based nanoparticles. Furthermore, these studies suggest that PLA2R1 may represent a novel molecular target for controlling tumor growth or modulating delivery of lipid-based nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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19
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Mellal D, Zumbuehl A. Exit-strategies - smart ways to release phospholipid vesicle cargo. J Mater Chem B 2013; 2:247-252. [PMID: 32261503 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This highlight describes recent trends in fundamental phospholipid research towards possible future drug delivery technology. In particular it focuses on synthetic phospholipids and their vesicular constructs and describes selected "smart" ways to release cargo from liposomes. Various chemical and physical release triggers are discussed such as temperature changes, application of ultrasound, enzyme degradation, changes in pH, redox reactions, photochemical reactions, as well as the effects of shear stress on vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denia Mellal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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20
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Arouri A, Hansen AH, Rasmussen TE, Mouritsen OG. Lipases, liposomes and lipid-prodrugs. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Synthesis, characterization and Akt phosphorylation inhibitory activity of cyclopentanecarboxylate-substituted alkylphosphocholines. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2018-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Membrane-perturbing effect of fatty acids and lysolipids. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Bee venom (BV) (api-toxin) has been widely used in the treatment of some immune-related diseases, as well as in recent times in treatment of tumors. Several cancer cells, including renal, lung, liver, prostate, bladder, and mammary cancer cells as well as leukemia cells, can be targets of bee venom peptides such as melittin and phospholipase A2. The cell cytotoxic effects through the activation of PLA2 by melittin have been suggested to be the critical mechanism for the anti-cancer activity of BV. The induction of apoptotic cell death through several cancer cell death mechanisms, including the activation of caspase and matrix metalloproteinases, is important for the melittin-induced anti-cancer effects. The conjugation of cell lytic peptide (melittin) with hormone receptors and gene therapy carrying melittin can be useful as a novel targeted therapy for some types of cancer, such as prostate and breast cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding potential of bee venom and its compounds such as melittin to induce cytotoxic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic effects in different tumor cells in vivo or in vitro. The recent applications of melittin in various cancers and a molecular explanation for the antiproliferative properties of bee venom are discussed.
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24
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Alam MM, Joh EH, Kim Y, Oh YI, Hong J, Kim B, Kim DH, Lee YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclopentane-linked alkyl phosphocholines as potential anticancer agents that act by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 47:485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Arouri A, Mouritsen OG. Phospholipase A(2)-susceptible liposomes of anticancer double lipid-prodrugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 45:408-20. [PMID: 21946258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to anticancer drug delivery is presented based on lipid-like liposome-forming anticancer prodrugs that are susceptible to secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) that is overexpressed in several cancer types. The approach provides a selective unloading of anticancer drugs at the target tissues, as well as circumvents the necessity for "conventional" drug loading. In our attempts to improve the performance of the liposomes in vivo, several PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomal formulations composed of a retinoid prodrug premixed with the sPLA(2)-hydrolyzable DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) were prepared. Besides favorably modifying the physicochemical properties of the liposomes, the incorporation of DPPC and PEG-lipids in the liposomes should substantially enhance the enzymatic activity, as concluded from literature. In addition, one can reap benefits from the presumed permeability enhancing effect of the liberated fatty acids and lysolipids. The size distribution of the prepared liposomes as well as their phase behavior, enzymatic hydrolysis, and cytotoxicity, in the presence and absence of sPLA(2), were determined. The liposomes were around 100nm in diameter and in the gel/fluid coexistence region at 37°C. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the prodrug was pronouncedly accelerated upon the premixing with DPPC, and the hydrolysis was further enhanced by PEGylation. Interestingly, the faster hydrolysis of the prodrug and the released fatty acids and lysolipids from DPPC did not improve the cytotoxicity of the mixture; the effect of combining the prodrug with DPPC was additive and not synergistic. The data presented here question the significance of the permeability enhancing effects claimed for fatty acids and lysolipids at the target cell membrane, and whether these effects can be achieved using physiologically achievable concentrations of fatty acids and lysolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Arouri
- MEMPHYS(1)-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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26
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Arouri A, Mouritsen OG. Anticancer double lipid prodrugs: liposomal preparation and characterization. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:296-305. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.563365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Andresen TL, Thompson DH, Kaasgaard T. Enzyme-triggered nanomedicine: drug release strategies in cancer therapy. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:353-63. [PMID: 20939771 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.515950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine as a field has emerged from the early success of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, in particular for treatment of cancer, and the advances made in nano- and biotechnology over the past decade. A prerequisite for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to be effective is that the drug payload is released at the target site. A large number of drug release strategies have been proposed that can be classified into certain areas. The simplest and most successful strategy so far, probably due to relative simplicity, is based on utilizing certain physico-chemical characteristics of drugs to obtain a slow drug leakage from the formulations after accumulation in the cancerous site. However, this strategy is only applicable to a relatively small range of drugs and cannot be applied to biologicals. Many advanced drug release strategies have therefore been investigated. Such strategies include utilization of heat, light and ultrasound sensitive systems and in particular pH sensitive systems where the lower pH in endosomes induces drug release. Highly interesting are enzyme sensitive systems where over-expressed disease-associated enzymes are utilized to trigger drug release. The enzyme-based strategies are particularly interesting as they require no prior knowledge of the tumour localization. The basis of this review is an evaluation of the current status of drug delivery strategies focused on triggered drug release by disease-associated enzymes. We limit ourselves to reviewing the liposome field, but the concepts and conclusions are equally important for polymer-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Roskilde, Denmark.
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28
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Park JM, De Castro KA, Ahn HS, Rhee HJ. Facile Syntheses of L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Pedersen PJ, Adolph SK, Subramanian AK, Arouri A, Andresen TL, Mouritsen OG, Madsen R, Madsen MW, Peters GH, Clausen MH. Liposomal Formulation of Retinoids Designed for Enzyme Triggered Release. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3782-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palle J. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sidsel K. Adolph
- LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, Diplomvej 378, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arun K. Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Arouri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole G. Mouritsen
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mogens W. Madsen
- LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, Diplomvej 378, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Temmink OH, Bijnsdorp IV, Prins HJ, Losekoot N, Adema AD, Smid K, Honeywell RJ, Ylstra B, Eijk PP, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Trifluorothymidine resistance is associated with decreased thymidine kinase and equilibrative nucleoside transporter expression or increased secretory phospholipase A2. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1047-57. [PMID: 20371715 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trifluorothymidine (TFT) is part of the novel oral formulation TAS-102, which is currently evaluated in phase II studies. Drug resistance is an important limitation of cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to induce resistance to TFT in H630 colon cancer cells using two different schedules and to analyze the resistance mechanism. Cells were exposed either continuously or intermittently to TFT, resulting in H630-cTFT and H630-4TFT, respectively. Cells were analyzed for cross-resistance, cell cycle, protein expression, and activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidine kinase (TK), thymidylate synthase (TS), equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT), gene expression (microarray), and genomic alterations. Both cell lines were cross-resistant to 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (>170-fold). Exposure to IC(75)-TFT increased the S/G(2)-M phase of H630 cells, whereas in the resistant variants, no change was observed. The two main target enzymes TS and TP remained unchanged in both TFT-resistant variants. In H630-4TFT cells, TK protein expression and activity were decreased, resulting in less activated TFT and was most likely the mechanism of TFT resistance. In H630-cTFT cells, hENT mRNA expression was decreased 2- to 3-fold, resulting in a 5- to 10-fold decreased TFT-nucleotide accumulation. Surprisingly, microarray-mRNA analysis revealed a strong increase of secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2; 47-fold), which was also found by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR; 211-fold). sPLA2 inhibition reversed TFT resistance partially. H630-cTFT had many chromosomal aberrations, but the exact role of sPLA2 in TFT resistance remains unclear. Altogether, resistance induction to TFT can lead to different mechanisms of resistance, including decreased TK protein expression and enzyme activity, decreased hENT expression, as well as (phospho)lipid metabolism. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1047-57. (c)2010 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf H Temmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Romanova SG, Serebrennikova GA, Shtil' AA. [Synthesis and biological activity of homologous piperidine-containing alkyl glycerolipids]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:709-13. [PMID: 19915651 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper provides the synthesis of new phosphorless glycerolipids with an ether bond that contain heterocyclic bases in the polar domain. The physico-chemical characteristics and biological activity of the prepared compounds were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Romanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia.
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Linderoth L, Fristrup P, Hansen M, Melander F, Madsen R, Andresen TL, Peters GH. Mechanistic Study of the sPLA2-Mediated Hydrolysis of a Thio-ester Pro Anticancer Ether Lipid. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12193-200. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Linderoth
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Fristrup
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Günther H. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Puri A, Loomis K, Smith B, Lee JH, Yavlovich A, Heldman E, Blumenthal R. Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers: from concepts to clinic. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2009; 26:523-80. [PMID: 20402623 PMCID: PMC2885142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, various nanotechnology platforms in the area of medical biology, including both diagnostics and therapy, have gained remarkable attention. Moreover, research and development of engineered multifunctional nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers have spurred exponential growth in applications to medicine in the last decade. Design principles of these nanoparticles, including nanoemulsions, dendrimers, nano-gold, liposomes, drug-carrier conjugates, antibody-drug complexes, and magnetic nanoparticles, are primarily based on unique assemblies of synthetic, natural, or biological components, including but not limited to synthetic polymers, metal ions, oils, and lipids as their building blocks. However, the potential success of these particles in the clinic relies on consideration of important parameters such as nanoparticle fabrication strategies, their physical properties, drug loading efficiencies, drug release potential, and, most importantly, minimum toxicity of the carrier itself. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles bear the advantage of being the least toxic for in vivo applications, and significant progress has been made in the area of DNA/RNA and drug delivery using lipid-based nanoassemblies. In this review, we will primarily focus on the recent advances and updates on lipid-based nanoparticles for their projected applications in drug delivery. We begin with a review of current activities in the field of liposomes (the so-called honorary nanoparticles), and challenging issues of targeting and triggering will be discussed in detail. We will further describe nanoparticles derived from a novel class of amphipathic lipids called bolaamphiphiles with unique lipid assembly features that have been recently examined as drug/DNA delivery vehicles. Finally, an overview of an emerging novel class of particles (based on lipid components other than phospholipids), solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers will be presented. We conclude with a few examples of clinically successful formulations of currently available lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Puri
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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Hamad I, Moghimi SM. Critical issues in site-specific targeting of solid tumours: the carrier, the tumour barriers and the bioavailable drug. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:205-19. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Putz T, Ramoner R, Gander H, Rahm A, Bartsch G, Bernardo K, Ramsay S, Thurnher M. Bee venom secretory phospholipase A2 and phosphatidylinositol-homologues cooperatively disrupt membrane integrity, abrogate signal transduction and inhibit proliferation of renal cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:627-40. [PMID: 16947021 PMCID: PMC11030745 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bee venom secretory phospholipase A2 (bv-sPLA2) and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) act synergistically to induce cell death in tumour cells of various origins with concomitant stimulation of the immune system. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in such actions and examined structural requirements of PtdIns-homologues to inhibit tumour cells in combination with bv-sPLA2. Renal cancer cells were treated with bv-sPLA2 alone or in combination with PtdIns-homologues. Inhibitory effects on [(3)H] thymidine incorporation and intracellular signal transduction pathways were tested. Reaction products generated by bv-sPLA2 interaction with PtdIns(3,4)P2 were identified by mass spectrometry. Among the tested PtdIns-homologues those with a phosphate esterified to position 3 of the inositol head group, were most efficient in cooperating with bv-sPLA2 to block tumour cell proliferation. Growth inhibition induced by the combined action of bv-sPLA2 with either PtdIns(3,4)bisphosphate or PtdIns(3,4,5)trisphosphate were synergistic and accompanied by potent cell lysis. In contrast, PtdIns, which lacked the phosphate group at position 3, failed to promote synergistic growth inhibition. The combined administration of PtdIns(3,4)P2 and bv-sPLA2 abrogated signal transduction mediated by extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 and prevented transduction of survival signals mediated by protein kinase B. Surface expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor was reduced after PtdIns(3,4)P2-bv-sPLA2 administration and associated with a blockade of EGF-induced signalling. In addition, mass spectroscopy revealed that bv-sPLA2 cleaves PtdIns(3,4)P2 to generate lyso-PtdIns(3,4)P2. In conclusion, we suggest that the cytotoxic activity mediated by PtdIns(3,4)P2 and bv-sPLA2 is due to cell death that results from disruption of membrane integrity, abrogation of signal transduction and the generation of cytotoxic lyso-PtdIns(3,4)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Putz
- Department of Urology and kompetenzzentrum medizin tirol, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Linderoth L, Peters GH, Jørgensen K, Madsen R, Andresen TL. Synthesis of sn-1 functionalized phospholipids as substrates for secretory phospholipase A2. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 146:54-66. [PMID: 17270166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) represents a family of small water-soluble enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids in the sn-2 position liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Herein we report the synthesis of two new phospholipids (1 and 2) with bulky allyl-substituents attached to the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. The synthesis of phospholipids 1 and 2 is based upon the construction of a key aldehyde intermediate 3 which locks the stereochemistry in the sn-2 position of the final phospholipids. The aldehyde functionality serves as the site for insertion of the allyl-substituents by a zinc mediated allylation. Small unilamellar liposomes composed of phospholipids 1 and 2 were subjected to sPLA2 activity measurements. Our results show that only phospholipid 1 is hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the lack of hydrolysis of phospholipid 2 is due to steric hindrance caused by the bulky side chain of the substrate allowing only limited access of water molecules to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Linderoth
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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