1
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Synthesis and evaluation of a new class of MIF-inhibitors in activated macrophage cells and in experimental septic shock in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115050. [PMID: 36587420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with enzymatic activities. Anti-inflammatory effects of MIF enzyme inhibitors indicate a link between its cytokine- and catalytic activities. Herein the synthesis, docking, and bioactivity of substituted benzylidene-1-indanone and -1-tetralone derivatives as MIF-tautomerase inhibitors is reported. Many of these substituted benzylidene-1-tetralones and -indan-1-ones were potent MIF-tautomerase inhibitors (IC50 < 10 μmol/L), and the most potent inhibitors were the 1-indanone derivatives 16 and 20. Some of these compounds acted as selective enolase or ketonase inhibitors. In addition, compounds 16, 20, 26, 37 and 61 efficiently inhibited NO, TNFα and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. Compound 20, 37 and 61 also inhibited ROS generation, and compound 26 and 37 abolished activation of NF-κB. Compound 37 significantly augmented hypothermia induced by high dose of lipopolysaccharide in mice. The possible mechanisms of action were explored using molecular modelling and docking, as well as molecular dynamics simulations.
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2
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Silver J, Al-Jaff G, Wilson MT, den Engelsen D, Fern GR, Ireland TG. Studies on the binding of nitrogenous bases to protoporphyrin IX iron(II) in aqueous solution at high pH values. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:297-313. [PMID: 35235042 PMCID: PMC8960585 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies are reported on the formation of low-spin six-coordinate [Fe(PPIX)L2] complexes from iron(II) protoporphyrin where L is one of a series of nitrogenous ligands (aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic). The bonding constants have been determined by titration of the metal complex with these ligands and are compared in relation to previous studies. The adduct formation was monitored utilising optical spectroscopy. In addition, Mӧssbauer spectroscopic experiments were conducted to monitor the electronic environment around the central iron atom in these complexes. The two complementary spectroscopic methods indicated that all nitrogen ligands formed low-spin octahedral complexes. The magnitude of the overall binding constants (β2 values) are discussed and related to (a) the pKa values of the free ligands and (b) the Mössbauer parameter ΔEQ, which represents the quadrupole splitting of the haem iron. The β2 and ΔEQ values are also discussed in terms of the structure of the ligand. Cooperative binding was observed for nearly all the ligands with Hill coefficients close to 2 for iron(II) protoporphyrin; one of these ligands displayed a much greater affinity than any we previously studied, and this was a direct consequence of the structure of the ligand. Overall conclusions on these and previous studies are drawn in terms of aliphatic ligands versus aromatic ring structures and the absence or presence of sterically hindered nitrogen atoms. The implications of the work for the greater understanding of haem proteins in general and in particular how the nitrogenous ligand binding results are relevant to and aid the understanding of the binding of inhibitor molecules to the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (for therapeutic purposes) are also discussed. Changes in the electronic absorption spectra of five-coordinate [Fe(II)(PPIX)(2-MeIm)] that occurred as the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 78° K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Silver
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK
| | - Golzar Al-Jaff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, Essex, UK.,Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, Essex, UK
| | - Daniel den Engelsen
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK
| | - George R Fern
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK
| | - Terry G Ireland
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK.
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3
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Structure-based design and synthesis of conformationally constrained derivatives of methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP) with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105554. [PMID: 34923243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Estrogen receptors (ER) are cytoplasmic proteins; translocated to the nucleus to induce transcriptional signals after getting bound to the estrogen hormone. ER activation implicated in cancer cell proliferation of female reproductive organs. Thus, the discovery of ER antagonists is a reliable strategy to combat estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the complications encountered upon long-term therapy by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TMX) and methyl piperidinopyrazole (MPP). Thus, the ER-full antagonist is a solution to improve the safety of this class of therapeutics during the treatment of breast cancer. We selected MPP as a lead structure to design conformationally constrained analogs. Structural rigidification is a proven strategy to transform the SERMs into full antagonists. Accordingly, we synthesized 7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indazoles (4), (6a-c),(8-12) along with the biphenolic counterparts(13-19)that are the anticipated active metabolites. The 4-nitrophenyl derivative(4)is with the most balanced profile regardingthe in vivoanti-uterotrophic potential (EC50 = 4.160 μM); and the cytotoxicity assay of the corresponding active metabolite(13)against ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 IC50 = 7.200 μM, T-47D IC50 = 11.710 μM). The inconsiderable uterotrophic activities of the elaborated ER-antagonists and weak antiproliferative activity of the compound(13)against ovarian cancer (SKOV-3 IC50 = 29.800 μM) highlighted it as a good start point to elaborate potential ER-full antagonists devoid of endometrial carcinoma. Extending the pendant chain that protrudes from the 2-(4-(substituted)-phenyl) ring of the new benzo-indazoles is recommended for enhancing the potency based on the binding mode of compound(13)in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ER.
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4
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Research progress in pharmacological activities and structure-activity relationships of tetralone scaffolds as pharmacophore and fluorescent skeleton. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113964. [PMID: 34743062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The tetralone and tetralone derivatives, as crucial structural scaffolds of potential novel drugs targeted at multiple biological end-points, are normally found in several natural compounds and also, it can be used as parental scaffold and/or intermediate for the synthesis of a series of pharmacologically active compounds with a broad-spectrum of bioactivities including antibacterial, antitumor, CNS effect and so on. Meanwhile, SAR information of its analogues has drawn attentions among medicinal chemists, which could contribute to the further research related to tetralone derivatives aimed at multiple targets. This review encompasses pharmacological activities, SAR analysis and docking study of tetralone and its derivatives, expecting to provide a general retrospect and prospect on tetralone derivatives.
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5
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Ranjbar S, Kamarei MM, Khoshneviszadeh M, Hosseinpoor H, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M. Benzylidene-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenone chalconoids as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:425-435. [PMID: 34447450 PMCID: PMC8356711 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.319580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Tyrosinase enzyme has a key role in melanin biosynthesis by converting tyrosine into dopaquinone. It also participates in the enzymatic browning of vegetables by polyphenol oxidation. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors are useful in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. Many tyrosinase inhibitors having drawbacks have been reported to date; so, finding new inhibitors is a great need. Experimental approach: A variety of 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenone chalcone-like analogs (C1-C10) have been synthesized by aldol condensation of 6-hydroxy tetralone and differently substituted benzaldehydes. The compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase by a spectrophotometric method. Moreover, the inhibition manner of the most active compound was determined by Lineweaver-Burk plots. Docking study was done using AutoDock 4.2. The drug-likeness scores and ADME features of the active derivatives were also predicted. Results/Findings: Most of the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activity against the tyrosinase enzyme. 6-Hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (C2) was the most potent derivative amongst the series with an IC50 value of 8.8 μM which was slightly more favorable to that of the reference kojic acid (IC50 = 9.7 μM). Inhibitory kinetic studies revealed that C2 behaves as a competitive inhibitor. According to the docking results, compound C2 formed the most stable enzyme-inhibitor complex, mainly via establishing interactions with the two copper ions in the active site. In silico drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics predictions for the proposed tyrosinase inhibitors revealed that most of the compounds including C2 have proper drug-likeness scores and pharmacokinetic properties. Conclusion and implications: Therefore, C2 could be suggested as a promising tyrosinase inhibitor that might be a good lead compound in medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry, and further drug development of this compound might be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Hona Hosseinpoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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6
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Caleffi GS, Brum JDOC, Costa AT, Domingos JLO, Costa PRR. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Arylidene-Substituted Chromanones and Tetralones Catalyzed by Noyori–Ikariya Ru(II) Complexes: One-Pot Reduction of C═C and C═O bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4849-4858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana de O. C. Brum
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T. Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L. O. Domingos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. R. Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Chang MY, Lai KX, Chang YL. In(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of α-phenylallyl β-ketosulfones – synthesis of sulfonyl 1-benzosuberones and 1-tetralones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18231-18244. [PMID: 35517185 PMCID: PMC9053753 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of α-phenylallyl β-ketosulfones provides sulfonyl 1-benzosuberones and 1-tetralones in moderate to good yields in refluxing (CH2Cl)2 under open-vessel and easy-operation reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. This highly regioselective protocol provides an atom-economic ring-closure route. In(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of α-phenylallyl β-ketosulfones provides sulfonyl 1-benzosuberones and 1-tetralones in moderate to good yields in refluxing (CH2Cl)2 under open-vessel and easy-operation reaction conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Kai-Xiang Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
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8
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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9
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Fang J, Li L, Yang C, Chen J, Deng GJ, Gong H. Tandem Oxidative Ring-Opening/Cyclization Reaction in Seconds in Open Atmosphere for the Synthesis of 1-Tetralones in Water-Acetonitrile. Org Lett 2018; 20:7308-7311. [PMID: 30398881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical tandem oxidative ring-opening/cyclization reaction mediated by Ce4+ for the synthesis of 1-tetralones is presented. This rapid transformation was completed within 30 s and conducted in an open reactor at 0 °C in a water-acetonitrile mixture. Various cyclobutanol derivatives are transformed into desired products in good to high yields, and this reaction can be easily scaled up to the gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Fang
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Lesong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Chu Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Jinping Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Hang Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
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10
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Wang GF, Sun SW, Wang YC. Structural Characterization of Two Copper Complexes with 2-Arylidenebenzocycloalkanone Ligands. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Baddeley TC, Gomes LR, Low JN, Turner AB, Wardell JL, Watson GJR. Structural studies of ( E)-2-(benzylidene)-1-tetralone derivatives: crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2017-2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Crystal structures are reported from data collected at 100 K of (E)-2-(X-benzylidene)-1-tetralone (2: X=3-O2N; 3: X=4-O2N; 5: X=4-HO; 6: X=4-Me2N; 7: 4-NC), (E)-2-(X-benzylidene)-6-MeO-1-tetralone, 8, and (E)-2-(X-benzylidene)-5-MeO-1-tetralone 9. Also reported herein are the Hirshfeld surface calculations for these compounds as well as those of (E)-2-(X-benzylidene)-1-tetralone (1: X=H; 4: X=4-MeO), whose structures were previously reported. The molecules are not planar as shown by the dihedral angles of 45.66(5)–69.78(5)° between the phenyl groups and by the puckered cyclohexenyl rings. A common feature of the molecular conformations is the C–H···O1(carbonyl) intramolecular hydrogen bond. The carbonyl oxygen atom plays significant roles in the interactions in all compounds baring compound 8. However, there is no consistent set of intermolecular interaction in this group of compounds. Intermolecular interactions present in each compound are some of the O–H···O, C–H···A (A=O, N or π), A–O···π (A=C or N) and π···π interactions. The only compound exhibiting a classical O–H···O hydrogen bond is compound 5. C–H···π interactions are found in all compounds, and while π···π interactions are present in compounds 2, 3, 7 and 9, no consistent type of stacking arrangement is shown. The Hirshfeld surface calculations, while generally concurring with the intermolecular interactions indicated by PLATON analyses, also reveal short interactions, which fall below the PLATON cut-off parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Baddeley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk , Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE , UK
| | - Ligia R. Gomes
- FP-ENAS-Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde da UFP , Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 , P-4200-150 Porto , Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 , Porto , Portugal
| | - John N. Low
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk , Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE , UK
| | - Alan B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk , Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE , UK
| | - James L. Wardell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk , Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE , UK
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos e Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ , Brazil
| | - Graeme J. R. Watson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk , Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE , UK
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12
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Baddeley TC, Gomes LR, Low JN, Skakle JM, Turner AB, Wardell JL, Watson GJ. Structural studies of ( E)-2-(benzylidene)- 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one derivatives: crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Crystal structures are reported of (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, 1, (E)-2-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-2,3- dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, 2, (E)-2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, 3, and monoclinic-(E)- 2-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, monoclinic-4, all from data collected at 100 K and (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indan-1-one, 6, from data collected at 299 K. An earlier triclinic form of 4 has been reported. Also reported herein are the Hirshfeld suface calculations for these five compounds, as well as that of 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, 5,whose crystal structure has been previously reported. The three rings in each of the compounds, 1–4 and 6, are essentially planar, including the five-membered ring containing a formally hydridized sp3 atom. The molecules exhibit slight deviations from overall planarity as shown by the dihedral angles, >8.15(6)° between the 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one fragments and the phenyl fragments. The main intermolecular interactions in compounds 1 and are classical O–H···O1(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds. The carbonyl oxygen atom in compounds 1–4 are involved in non-classical C–H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular C–H---π interactions are present in 2, 3 and 6, while π···π are present in 2–4 and 6. As noted in the structure determinations of these compounds, different π···π motifs are possible. The Hirshfeld surface calculations, while generally concurring with the intermolecular interactions indicated by PLATON analyses, also reveal significant interactions, which fall below the PLATON radar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Baddeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Ligia R. Gomes
- FP-ENAS-Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde da UFP, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, P-4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - John N. Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Janet M.S. Skakle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Alan B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - James L. Wardell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos e Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graeme J.R. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
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13
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Asadipour A, Pourshojaei Y, Eskandari K, Foroumadi A. A short synthesis of 7-amino alkoxy homoisoflavonoides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel derivatives of homoisoflavonoids as potentially interesting medicinally important heterocycles in an efficient catalytic alternative two-step route has been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center
- Institute of Neuropharmacology
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center
- Institute of Neuropharmacology
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
| | - Khalil Eskandari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center
- Institute of Neuropharmacology
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
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14
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Sun SW, Zhang X, Wang GF. Synthesis of 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones containing N-donor heterocyclic rings. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774516070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Zingales SK, Moore ME, Goetz AD, Padgett CW. Crystal structure of (E)-2-[(2-bromopyridin-3-yl)methyl-idene]-6-meth-oxy-3,4-di-hydro-naphthalen-1(2H)-one and 3-[(E)-(6-meth-oxy-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-naphthalen-2-ylidene)meth-yl]pyridin-2(1H)-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:955-8. [PMID: 27555939 PMCID: PMC4992914 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016009300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds C17H14BrNO2, (I), and C17H15NO3, (II), were obtained from the reaction of 6-meth-oxy-3,4-di-hydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one and 2-bromo-nicotinaldehyde in ethanol. Compound (I) was the expected product and compound (II) was the oxidation product from air exposure. In the crystal structure of compound (I), there are no short contacts or hydrogen bonds. The structure does display π-π inter-actions between adjacent benzene rings and adjacent pyridyl rings. Compound (II) contains two independent mol-ecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit; both are non-planar, the dihedral angles between the meth-oxy-benzene and 1H-pyridin-2-one mean planes being 35.07 (9)° in A and 35.28 (9)°in B. In each mol-ecule, the 1H-pyridin-2-one unit participates in inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding to another mol-ecule of the same type (A to A or B to B). The structure also displays π-π inter-actions between the pyridyl and the benzene rings of non-equivalent mol-ecules (viz., A to B and B to A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Zingales
- Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn St. Savanah GA 31419, USA
| | - Morgan E. Moore
- Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn St. Savanah GA 31419, USA
| | - Andrew D. Goetz
- Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn St. Savanah GA 31419, USA
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Improved Homology Model of the Human all-trans Retinoic Acid Metabolizing Enzyme CYP26A1. Molecules 2016; 21:351. [PMID: 26999080 PMCID: PMC6274249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new CYP26A1 homology model was built based on the crystal structure of cyanobacterial CYP120A1. The model quality was examined for stereochemical accuracy, folding reliability, and absolute quality using a variety of different bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, the docking capabilities of the model were assessed by docking of the natural substrate all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), and a group of known azole- and tetralone-based CYP26A1 inhibitors. The preferred binding pose of atRA suggests the (4S)-OH-atRA metabolite production, in agreement with recently available experimental data. The distances between the ligands and the heme group iron of the enzyme are in agreement with corresponding distances obtained for substrates and azole inhibitors for other cytochrome systems. The calculated theoretical binding energies agree with recently reported experimental data and show that the model is capable of discriminating between natural substrate, strong inhibitors (R116010 and R115866), and weak inhibitors (liarozole, fluconazole, tetralone derivatives).
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17
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Karlsson M, Strid Å, Sirsjö A, Eriksson LA. Homology Models and Molecular Modeling of Human Retinoic Acid Metabolizing Enzymes Cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1) and P450 26B1 (CYP26B1). J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 4:1021-7. [PMID: 26621242 DOI: 10.1021/ct800033x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homology models of cytochrome P450 26A1 and cytochrome P450 26B1 were constructed using the crystal structures of human, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 as templates for the model building. The homology models generated were investigated for their docking capacities against the natural substrate all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), five different tetralone-derived retinoic acid metabolizing blocking agents (RAMBAs), and R115866. Interaction energies (IE) and linear interaction energies (LIE) were calculated for all inhibitors in both homology models after molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the enzyme-ligand complexes. The results revealed that the homologues had the capacity to distinguish between strong and weak inhibitors. Important residues in the active site were identified from the CYP26A1/B1-atRA complexes. Residues involved in hydrophobic interactions with atRA were Pro113, Phe222, Phe299, Val370, Pro371, and Phe374 in CYP26A1 and Leu88, Pro118, Phe222, Phe295, Ile368, and Tyr272 in CYP26B1. Hydrogen bonding interactions were observed between the atRA carboxylate group and Arg 90 in CYP26A1 and with Arg76, Arg95, and Ser369 in CYP26B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Natural Sciences and Örebro Life Science Center, Modeling and Simulation Research Center, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åke Strid
- Department of Natural Sciences and Örebro Life Science Center, Modeling and Simulation Research Center, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Department of Natural Sciences and Örebro Life Science Center, Modeling and Simulation Research Center, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Natural Sciences and Örebro Life Science Center, Modeling and Simulation Research Center, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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18
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Nelson CH, Buttrick BR, Isoherranen N. Therapeutic potential of the inhibition of the retinoic acid hydroxylases CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 by xenobiotics. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 13:1402-28. [PMID: 23688132 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611313120004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is an important endogenous signaling molecule regulating cell cycle and maintenance of epithelia. RA isomers are also used as drugs to treat various cancers and dermatological diseases. However, the therapeutic uses of RA isomers are limited due to side effects such as teratogenicity and resistance to treatment emerging mainly from autoinduction of RA metabolism. To improve the therapeutic usefulness of retinoids, RA metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs) have been developed. These inhibitors generally target the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes because RA clearance is predominantly mediated by P450s. Since the initial identification of inhibitors of RA metabolism, CYP26 enzymes have been characterized as the main enzymes responsible for RA clearance. This makes CYP26 enzymes an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics for cancer and dermatological conditions. The basic principle of development of CYP26 inhibitors is that endogenous RA concentrations will be increased in the presence of a CYP26 inhibitor, thus, potentiating the activity of endogenous RA in a cell-type specific manner. This will reduce side effects compared to administration of RA and allow for more targeted therapy. In clinical trials, inhibitors of RA metabolism have been effective in treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological conditions as well as in some cancers. However, no CYP26 inhibitor has yet been approved for clinical use. This review summarizes the history of development of RAMBAs, the clinical and preclinical studies with the various structural series and the available knowledge of structure activity relationships of CYP26 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara H Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Deck LM, Greenberg JA, Busby TS, Bright ER, Whalen LJ, Vander Jagt DL, Royer RE. Synthesis of naphthalene and indene precursors to naphthoic and indenoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Kósa JP, Horváth P, Wölfling J, Kovács D, Balla B, Mátyus P, Horváth E, Speer G, Takács I, Nagy Z, Horváth H, Lakatos P. CYP24A1 inhibition facilitates the anti-tumor effect of vitamin D3 on colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2621-8. [PMID: 23674869 PMCID: PMC3645380 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: The effects of vitamin D3 have been investigated on various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), the enzyme that inactivates the active vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), is considered to be the main enzyme determining the biological half-life of 1,25-D3. During colorectal carcinogenesis, the expression and concentration of CYP24A1 increases significantly, suggesting that this phenomenon could be responsible for the proposed efficacy of 1,25-D3 in the treatment of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D3 on the human CRC cell line Caco-2 after inhibition of the cytochrome P450 component of CYP24A1 activity.
METHODS: We examined the expression of CYP24A1 mRNA and the effects of 1,25-D3 on the cell line Caco-2 after inhibition of CYP24A1. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by means of sulforhodamine-B staining and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, respectively, while cytotoxicity was estimated via the lactate dehydrogenase content of the cell culture supernatant. CYP24A1 expression was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A number of tetralone compounds were synthesized to investigate their CP24A1 inhibitory activity.
RESULTS: In response to 1,25-D3, CYP24A1 mRNA expression was enhanced significantly, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caco-2 cell viability and proliferation were not influenced by the administration of 1,25-D3 alone, but were markedly reduced by co-administration of 1,25-D3 and KD-35, a CYP24A1-inhibiting tetralone. Our data suggest that the mechanism of action of co-administered KD-35 and 1,25-D3 does not involve a direct cytotoxic effect, but rather the inhibition of cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the selective inhibition of CYP24A1 by compounds such as KD-35 may be a new approach for enhancement of the anti-tumor effect of 1,25-D3 on CRC.
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21
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Li F, Zhao D, Ren J, Hao F, Liu G, Jin S, Jing Y, Cheng M. 2-(2-Methylfuran-3-carboxamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid, a potential CYP26A1 inhibitor to enhance all-trans retinoic acid-induced leukemia cell differentiation based on virtual screening and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3256-61. [PMID: 23601821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop new CYP26A1 inhibitors, a three-cycle virtual screening was carried out based on the constructed homology model of human CYP26A1 using Dock, Fred, Gold and AutoDock. Twenty-two compounds exhibited high scores and reasonable binding modes in molecular docking were purchased from Specs Company. Eighteen compounds were tested their abilities to enhance ATRA-induced differentiation in human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. Eight of them enhanced the ability of ATRA to induce differentiation at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM. Among these compounds, 2-(2-methylfuran-3-carboxamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid (S8) is of most effective in blocking ATRA breaking down in NB4 cells based on the LC-MS/MS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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22
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Saenz-Méndez P, Elmabsout AA, Sävenstrand H, Awadalla MKA, Strid Å, Sirsjö A, Eriksson LA. Homology Models of Human All-Trans Retinoic Acid Metabolizing Enzymes CYP26B1 and CYP26B1 Spliced Variant. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:2631-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ci300264u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saenz-Méndez
- Computational Chemistry and Biology
Group, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ali Ateia Elmabsout
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro,
Sweden
| | - Helena Sävenstrand
- Department of Science
and Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Åke Strid
- Department of Science
and Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro,
Sweden
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412
96 Göteborg, Sweden
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23
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Deck LM, Mgani Q, Martinez A, Martinic A, Whalen LJ, Vander Jagt DL, Royer RE. Synthesis of benzyl substituted naphthalenes from benzylidene tetralones. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:373-376. [PMID: 23794758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient synthesis of novel highly substituted dimethoxybenzylnaphthalenes, which are precursors to several dihydroxynaphthoic acids, is described. The approach involves the use of aldol chemistry to provide a number of benzylidene tetralones, which are converted to the target naphthalenes in three steps, with good to excellent yields. Grignard reaction of intermediate benzyl tetralones provided 1-substituted benzyl naphthalenes. The reported synthesis is flexible and scalable and provides access to naphthalenes having a variety of substitution patterns. These benzyl substituted naphthalenes are being converted to naphthoic acids and the bioactivities of these compounds are currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Deck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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24
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Valkonen A, Laihia K, Kolehmainen E, Kauppinen R, Perjési P. Structural studies of seven homoisoflavonoids, six thiohomoisoflavonoids, and four structurally related compounds. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Thatcher JE, Buttrick B, Shaffer SA, Shimshoni JA, Goodlett DR, Nelson WL, Isoherranen N. Substrate specificity and ligand interactions of CYP26A1, the human liver retinoic acid hydroxylase. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:228-39. [PMID: 21521770 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.072413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. atRA is also used as a drug, and synthetic atRA analogs and inhibitors of retinoic acid (RA) metabolism have been developed. The hepatic clearance of atRA is mediated primarily by CYP26A1, but design of CYP26A1 inhibitors is hindered by lack of information on CYP26A1 structure and structure-activity relationships of its ligands. The aim of this study was to identify the primary metabolites of atRA formed by CYP26A1 and to characterize the ligand selectivity and ligand interactions of CYP26A1. On the basis of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry data, four metabolites formed from atRA by CYP26A1 were identified as 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA, 16-OH-RA and 18-OH-RA. 9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA were also substrates of CYP26A1. Forty-two compounds with diverse structural properties were tested for CYP26A1 inhibition using 9-cis-RA as a probe, and IC(50) values for 10 inhibitors were determined. The imidazole- and triazole-containing inhibitors [S-(R*,R*)]-N-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)propyl]-phenyl]2-benzothiazolamine (R116010) and (R)-N-[4-[2-ethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butyl]phenyl]-2-benzothiazolamine (R115866) were the most potent inhibitors of CYP26A1 with IC(50) values of 4.3 and 5.1 nM, respectively. Liarozole and ketoconazole were significantly less potent with IC(50) values of 2100 and 550 nM, respectively. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ agonist CD1530 was as potent an inhibitor of CYP26A1 as ketoconazole with an IC(50) of 530 nM, whereas the RARα and RARβ agonists tested did not significantly inhibit CYP26A1. The pan-RAR agonist 4-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]benzoic acid and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands rosiglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited CYP26A1 with IC(50) values of 3.7, 4.2, and 8.6 μM, respectively. These data demonstrate that CYP26A1 has high ligand selectivity but accepts structurally related nuclear receptor agonists as inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Box 357610, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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26
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Pautus S, Aboraia AS, Bassett CE, Brancale A, Coogan MP, Simons C. Design and synthesis of substituted imidazole and triazole N-phenylbenzo[d]oxazolamine inhibitors of retinoic acid metabolizing enzyme CYP26. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:487-98. [PMID: 18608743 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802218334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of N-phenylbenzo[d]oxazolamines as CYP26A1 inhibitors involved ligand docking experiments using molecular modeling (FlexX) and analysis of ligand interactions at the binding domain. The synthesis of the benzooxazol-2-yl-[phenyl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)phenyl]amines was achieved by cyclisation of the corresponding isothiocyanates with subsequent introduction of the haem-binding heterocycle. Triazole and tetrazole derivatives were also prepared for comparison with the lead imidazole derivative. The benzooxazol-2-yl-[phenyl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)phenyl]amines with small substituents in the phenyl ring were moderately potent CYP26A1 inhibitors (IC(50) 8 and 12 microM) and comparable with liarozole (IC(50) 7 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Pautus
- Medicinal Chemistry, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
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27
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a critical signaling molecule that regulates gene transcription and the cell cycle. Understanding of RA signaling has increased dramatically over the past decades, but the connection between whole body RA homeostasis and gene regulation in individual cells is still unclear. It has been proposed that cytochrome P450 family 26 (CYP26) enzymes have a role in determining the cellular exposure to RA by inactivating RA in cells that do not need RA. The CYP26 enzymes have been shown to metabolize RA efficiently and they are also inducible by RA in selected systems. However, their expression patterns in different cell types and a mechanistic understanding of their function is still lacking. Based on preliminary kinetic data and protein expression levels, one may predict that if CYP26A1 is expressed in the liver at even very low levels, it will be the major RA hydroxylase in this tissue. As such, it is an attractive pharmacological target for drug development when one aims to increase circulating or cellular RA concentrations. To further the understanding of how CYP26 enzymes contribute to the regulation of RA homeostasis, structural information of the CYP26s, commercially available recombinant enzymes and good specific and sensitive antibodies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E. Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Wang B. Synthesis of 3-alkylidene-piperidin-4-ones via one-pot cascade transylidation–olefination. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Wang B, Zhong Z, Lin GQ. Efficient Construction of Stereodefined α-Alkylidene Aza-cycloketones via β-Amino-alkenyllithium: Straightforward and Protection-Free Synthesis of Allopumiliotoxin 267A. Org Lett 2009; 11:2011-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900452n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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30
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Novel azolyl-(phenylmethyl)]aryl/heteroarylamines: potent CYP26 inhibitors and enhancers of all-trans retinoic acid activity in neuroblastoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:8301-13. [PMID: 18722776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and potent inhibitory activity of novel 4-[(imidazol-1-yl and triazol-1-yl)(phenyl)methyl]aryl-and heteroaryl amines versus a MCF-7 CYP26A1 cell assay is described. Biaryl imidazole ([4-(imidazol-1-yl-phenyl-methyl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl-amine (8), IC(50)=0.5 microM; [4-(imidazol-1-yl-phenyl-methyl)-phenyl]-indan-5-yl-amine (9), IC(50)=1.0 microM) and heteroaryl imidazole derivatives ((1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-{4-[(5H-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl-methyl]-phenyl}-amine (15), IC(50)=2.5 microM; benzooxazol-2-yl-{4-[(5H-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl-methyl]-phenyl}-amine (16), IC(50)=0.9 microM; benzothiazol-2-yl-{4-[(5H-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl-methyl]-phenyl}-amine (17), IC(50)=1.5 microM) were the most potent CYP26 inhibitors. Using a CYP26A1 homology model differences in activity were investigated. Incubation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the imidazole aryl derivative 8, and the imidazole heteroaryl derivatives 16 and 17 potentiated the atRA-induced expression of CYP26B1. These data suggest that further structure-function studies leading to clinical development are warranted.
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31
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Oppenheimer O, Cheung NK, Gerald WL. TheREToncogene is a critical component of transcriptional programs associated with retinoic acid–induced differentiation in neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1300-9. [PMID: 17431108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation is a key feature in pathologic classification and prognosis of neuroblastic tumors, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well defined. To identify key differentiation-related molecules and pathways, we evaluated gene expression during retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of seven neuroblastic tumor cell lines. Transcriptional response to RA was highly variable among cell lines despite the fact that six of seven showed similar morphologic changes. RA consistently altered expression of a small set of genes, some of which are known to play a role in neurogenesis and differentiation. Expression of genes that were regulated by RA was associated with important clinical subgroups of neuroblastic tumors and were differentially expressed by stroma-rich and stroma-poor subtypes. RET, a receptor tyrosine kinase involved with differentiation, was consistently up-regulated throughout the time course of RA treatment in the majority of neuroblastic tumor cell lines. Interference with RET activation abrogated RA-induced transcriptional programs and differentiation, suggesting a key role of RET in this process. The core set of RA-regulated genes includes critical molecular components of pathways necessary for neuroblastic tumor differentiation and have potential as therapeutic targets and molecular markers of response to differentiating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Oppenheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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32
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Pautus S, Yee SW, Jayne M, Coogan MP, Simons C. Synthesis and CYP26A1 inhibitory activity of 1-[benzofuran-2-yl-(4-alkyl/aryl-phenyl)-methyl]-1H-triazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3643-53. [PMID: 16458519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methodology previously described by our group was applied to the preparation of a series of 4-alkyl/aryl-substituted 1-[benzofuran-2-yl-phenylmethyl]-1H-triazoles. The [1,2,4]-triazole derivatives were prepared for a range of alkyl and aryl substituents, and for the 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-(i)propyl, 4-(t)butyl, 4-phenyl and 4-chlorophenyl derivatives, the minor [1,3,4]-triazole isomer also isolated. All the triazole derivatives were evaluated for CYP26A1 inhibitory activity using a MCF-7 cell-based assay. The 4-ethyl and 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives displayed inhibitory activity (IC(50) 4.5 and 7 microM, respectively) comparable with that of the CYP26 inhibitor liarozole (IC(50) 7 microM). Using a CYP26A1 homology model (based on CYP3A4) template, docking experiments were performed with MOE with multiple hydrophobic interactions observed in addition to coordination between the triazole nitrogen and the haem transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Pautus
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
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Njar VCO, Gediya L, Purushottamachar P, Chopra P, Vasaitis TS, Khandelwal A, Mehta J, Huynh C, Belosay A, Patel J. Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs) for treatment of cancer and dermatological diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4323-40. [PMID: 16530416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring retinoids and their synthetic analogs play a key role in differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and their use/potential in oncology, dermatology and a variety of diseases are well documented. This review focuses on the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the principal endogenous metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) and its metabolism in oncology and dermatology. ATRA has been used successfully in differentiated therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia, skin cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and also in the treatment of acne and psoriasis. However, its usefulness is limited by the rapid emergence of acquired ATRA resistance involving multifactoral mechanisms. A key mechanism of resistance involves ATRA-induced catabolism of ATRA. Thus, a novel strategy to overcome the limitation associated with exogenous ATRA therapy has been to modulate and/or increase the levels of endogenous ATRA by inhibiting the cytochrome P450-dependent ATRA-4-hydroxylase enzymes (particularly CYP26s) responsible for ATRA metabolism. These inhibitors are also referred to as retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs). This review highlights development in the design, synthesis, and evaluation of RAMBAs. Major emphasis is given to liarozole, the most studied and only RAMBA in clinical use and also the new RAMBAs in development and with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201-1559, USA.
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Yee SW, Campbell MJ, Simons C. Inhibition of Vitamin D3 metabolism enhances VDR signalling in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 98:228-35. [PMID: 16483768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction of growth arrest and differentiation by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) occurs in non-malignant cell types but is often reduced in cancer cells. For example, androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, DU-145 and PC-3, are relatively insensitive to the anti-proliferative action of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). This appears to be due to increased 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-metabolism, as a result of CYP24 enzyme-induction, which in turn leads to decreased anti-proliferative efficacy. In the in vitro rat kidney mitochondria assay, the 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (4) was found to be a potent inhibitor of Vitamin D(3) metabolising enzymes (IC(50) 3.5 microM), and was shown to be a more potent inhibitor than the broad spectrum P450 inhibitor ketoconazole (IC(50) 20 microM). The combination of the inhibitor and 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) caused a greater inhibition of proliferation in DU-145 cells than when treated with both agents alone. Examination of the regulation of VDR target gene mRNA in DU-145 cells revealed that co-treatment of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) plus inhibitor of Vitamin D(3) metabolising enzymes co-ordinately upregulated CYP24, p21(waf1/cip1) and GADD45alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
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