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Chingle R, Mulumba M, Chung NN, Nguyen TMD, Ong H, Ballet S, Schiller PW, Lubell WD. Solid-Phase Azopeptide Diels–Alder Chemistry for Aza-pipecolyl Residue Synthesis To Study Peptide Conformation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6006-6016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nga N. Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Thi M.-D. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Olson KM, Keresztes A, Tashiro JK, Daconta LV, Hruby VJ, Streicher JM. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Bivalent Selective Antagonist for the Mu-Delta Opioid Receptor Heterodimer that Reduces Morphine Withdrawal in Mice. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6075-6086. [PMID: 29939746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation in the study of the mu-delta opioid receptor heterodimer (MDOR) is that few selective pharmacological tools exist and no heteromer-selective antagonists. We thus designed a series of variable-length (15-41 atoms) bivalent linked peptides with selective but moderate/low-affinity pharmacophores for the mu and delta opioid receptors. We observed a U-shaped MDOR potency/affinity profile in vitro, with the 24-atom spacer length (D24M) producing the highest MDOR potency/affinity (<1 nM) and selectivity (≥89-fold). We further evaluated D24M in mice and observed that D24M dose-dependently antagonized tail flick antinociception produced by the MDOR agonists CYM51010 and Deltorphin-II, without antagonizing the monomer agonists DAMGO and DSLET. We also observed that D24M sharply reduced withdrawal behavior in models of acute and chronic morphine dependence. These findings suggest that D24M is a first-in-class high-potency MDOR-selective antagonist both in vitro and in vivo.
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Gendron L, Cahill CM, von Zastrow M, Schiller PW, Pineyro G. Molecular Pharmacology of δ-Opioid Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:631-700. [PMID: 27343248 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective analgesics available and are the first choice in the treatment of acute severe pain. However, partial efficacy, a tendency to produce tolerance, and a host of ill-tolerated side effects make clinically available opioids less effective in the management of chronic pain syndromes. Given that most therapeutic opioids produce their actions via µ-opioid receptors (MOPrs), other targets are constantly being explored, among which δ-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are being increasingly considered as promising alternatives. This review addresses DOPrs from the perspective of cellular and molecular determinants of their pharmacological diversity. Thus, DOPr ligands are examined in terms of structural and functional variety, DOPrs' capacity to engage a multiplicity of canonical and noncanonical G protein-dependent responses is surveyed, and evidence supporting ligand-specific signaling and regulation is analyzed. Pharmacological DOPr subtypes are examined in light of the ability of DOPr to organize into multimeric arrays and to adopt multiple active conformations as well as differences in ligand kinetics. Current knowledge on DOPr targeting to the membrane is examined as a means of understanding how these receptors are especially active in chronic pain management. Insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms of pharmacological diversity should guide the rational design of more effective, longer-lasting, and better-tolerated opioid analgesics for chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
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Spahn V, Stein C. Targeting delta opioid receptors for pain treatment: drugs in phase I and II clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:155-160. [PMID: 28001096 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1275562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioids are widely used to treat severe pain. Most clinically used opioids activate µ-opioid receptors (MOR). Their ligands induce potent analgesia but also adverse effects. The δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is another member of the opioid receptor family that has been under intense investigation with the aim to avoid MOR-induced side effects. Areas covered: This article reviews DOR ligands which appeared to be promising after preclinical evaluation. A literature search using Pubmed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, EudraCT, AdisInsight database and EBSCO Online Library was conducted. Out of numerous newly synthesized molecules, only few candidates entered phase I and/or II clinical investigation. The publicly accessible results are presented here. Expert opinion: Many compounds showed potent DOR-specific pain inhibition in preclinical studies. ADL5859 and ADL5747 entered clinical trials and successfully passed phase I. However, in phase II studies the primary endpoint (pain reduction) was not met and further investigation was terminated. A third compound, NP2, is in phase II clinical evaluation and results are pending. These findings suggest a potential of DOR ligands according to preclinical studies. Further clinical research and secondary analysis of unpublished data is needed to identify molecules which are useful in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Spahn
- a Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Christoph Stein
- a Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.,b Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine , Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Teltow , Germany
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5
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Bird MF, Vardanyan RS, Hruby VJ, Calò G, Guerrini R, Salvadori S, Trapella C, McDonald J, Rowbotham DJ, Lambert DG. Development and characterisation of novel fentanyl-delta opioid receptor antagonist based bivalent ligands. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114:646-56. [PMID: 25680364 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid tolerance is a limiting factor in chronic pain. Delta opioid peptide (DOP)(δ) receptor antagonism has been shown to reduce tolerance. Here, the common clinical mu opioid peptide (MOP)(µ) receptor agonist fentanyl has been linked to the DOP antagonist Dmt-Tic (2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) to create new bivalent compounds. METHODS Binding affinities of bivalents(#9, #10, #11, #12 and #13) were measured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing recombinant human MOP, DOP, Kappa opioid peptide (KOP)(κ) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptors. Functional studies, measuring GTPγ[(35)S] or β-arrestin recruitment, were performed in membranes or whole cells respectively expressing MOP and DOP. RESULTS The new bivalents bound to MOP (pKi : #9:7.31; #10:7.58; #11:7.91; #12:7.94; #13:8.03) and DOP (#9:8.03; #10:8.16; #11:8.17; #12:9.67; #13:9.71). In GTPγ[(35)S] functional assays, compounds #9(pEC50:6.74; intrinsic activity:0.05) #10(7.13;0.34) and #11(7.52;0.27) showed weak partial agonist activity at MOP. Compounds #12 and #13, with longer linkers, showed no functional activity at MOP. In antagonist assays at MOP, compounds #9 (pKb:6.87), #10(7.55) #11(7.81) #12(6.91) and #13(7.05) all reversed the effects of fentanyl. At DOP, all compounds showed antagonist affinity (#9:6.85; #10:8.06; #11:8.11; #12:9.42; #13:9.00), reversing the effects of DPDPE ([D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin). In β-arrestin assays, compared with fentanyl (with response at maximum concentration (RMC):13.62), all compounds showed reduced ability to activate β-arrestin (#9 RMC:1.58; #10:2.72; #11:2.40; #12:1.29; #13:1.58). Compared with fentanyl, the intrinsic activity was: #9:0.12; #10:0.20; #11:0.18; #12:0.09 and #13:0.12. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a linker between fentanyl and Dmt-Tic did not alter the ability to bind to MOP and DOP, however a substantial loss in MOP functional activity was apparent. This highlights the difficulty in multifunctional opioid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Bird
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - R S Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - V J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - G Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA (Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Salvadori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA (Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA (Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - D J Rowbotham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - D G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
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Jabłkowski M, Szemraj M, Oszajca K, Janiszewska G, Bartkowiak J, Szemraj J. New type of BACE1 siRNA delivery to cells. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2598-606. [PMID: 25491230 PMCID: PMC4266366 DOI: 10.12659/msm.891219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene therapy is a new molecular approach in the search for an efficient therapy for Alzheimer disease (AD), based on the principle of RNA interference. Reducing BACE activity can have great therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD. In this study, receptor-mediated delivery was used to deliver opioid peptide-conjugated BACE 1 to INR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS An INR-32 human neuroblastoma cell line was stably transfected to express the APP cDNA coding fragment containing the predicted sites for cleavage by α, β, or γ-secretase. This was then treated with BACE 1 siRNA to silence BACE gene expression. BACE gene transcription and translation was determined using BACE-1 siRNA cross-linked with opioid peptide, together with RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. RESULTS Receptor-mediated delivery was used to introduce BACE1 siRNA to the APP - INR 32 human neuroblastoma cells. Decreased BACE mRNA and protein expression were observed after the cells were transfected with BACE1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Delivery of BACE1 siRNA appears to specifically reduce the cleavage of APP by inhibiting BACE1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jabłkowski
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grażyna Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Bartkowiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Cai J, Song B, Cai Y, Ma Y, Lam AL, Magiera J, Sekar S, Wyse BD, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Lazarus LH, Smith MT, Li T. Endomorphin analogues with mixed μ-opioid (MOP) receptor agonism/δ-opioid (DOP) receptor antagonism and lacking β-arrestin2 recruitment activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2208-19. [PMID: 24613457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of endomorphin (Dmt-Pro-Xaa-Xaa-NH2) modified at position 4 or at positions 4 and 3, and tripeptides (Dmt-Pro-Xaa-NH2) modified at position 3, with various phenylalanine analogues (Xaa=Trp, 1-Nal, 2-Nal, Tmp, Dmp, Dmt) were synthesized and their effects on in vitro opioid activity were investigated. Most of the peptides exhibited high μ-opioid (MOP) receptor binding affinity (KiMOP=0.13-0.81nM), modest MOP-selectivity (Kiδ-opioid (DOP)/KiMOP=3.5-316), and potent functional MOP agonism (GPI, IC50=0.274-249nM) without DOP and κ-opioid (KOP) receptor agonism. Among them, compounds 7 (Dmt-Pro-Tmp-Tmp-NH2) and 9 (Dmt-Pro-1-Nal-NH2) were opioids with potent mixed MOP receptor agonism/DOP receptor antagonism and devoid of β-arrestin2 recruitment activity. They may offer a unique template for the discovery of potent analgesics that produce less respiratory depression, less gastrointestinal dysfunction and that have a lower propensity to induce tolerance and dependence compared with morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bowen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yunxin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ai-Leen Lam
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julia Magiera
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sunder Sekar
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wyse
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Lawrence H Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Maree T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Tingyou Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Novel glycosylated endomorphin-2 analog produces potent centrally-mediated antinociception in mice after peripheral administration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6673-6. [PMID: 24220171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a novel glycosylated analog of a potent and selective endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonist, endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2, EM-2), obtained by the introduction in position 3 of the tyrosine residue possessing the glucose moiety attached to the phenolic function via a β-glycosidic bond. The improved blood-brain barrier permeability and enhanced antinociceptive effect of the novel glycosylated analog suggest that it may be a promising template for design of potent analgesics. Furthermore, the described methodology may be useful for increasing the bioavailability and delivery of opioid peptides to the CNS.
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9
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Fichna J, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Gach K, Perlikowska R, Janecka A, Wlaź P. The mu-opioid receptor-selective peptide antagonists, antanal-1 and antanal-2, produce anticonvulsant effects in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:126-31. [PMID: 22918032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the mu-opioid receptors (MOR) in the central nervous system has a proconvulsant effect and seizures are a common side effect of high doses of short acting opioids, like morphine or fentanyl. However, the correct assessment of the role of MOR blockade in the initiation and propagation of epilepsy was hampered by the lack of potent and selective MOR antagonists. In this study we aimed at characterizing the effect of MOR blockade on the seizure threshold in mice using recently developed selective antagonists antanal-1 and antanal-2 and a classical MOR antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA). The effect of the centrally administered MOR antagonists was characterized in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST), the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure threshold and the intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure threshold test in mice. The acute effect of the studied compounds on skeletal muscular strength in mice was quantified in the grip-strength test. Antanal-1 and antanal-2 (30 and 50 nmol/mouse, i.c.v.), but not β-FNA significantly increased the seizure threshold in the MEST test in mice. In the 6-Hz test, all tested MOR antagonists significantly increased the psychomotor seizure threshold and the most potent anticonvulsant effect was observed for antanal-2 (2, 10 and 30 nmol/mouse, i.c.v.). The i.c.v. administration of β-FNA (10 and 30 nmol/mouse, i.c.v.), antanal-1 and antanal-2 (both 30, 50 and 100 nmol/mouse, i.c.v.) did not produce any significant effect on PTZ seizure threshold, the generalized clonus or the forelimbs tonus. All tested compounds did not affect muscle strength, as determined in the grip strength test. Our study demonstrated that the novel MOR-selective antagonists antanal-1 and antanal-2 displayed a potent and dose-dependent anticonvulsant action involving non-GABA-ergic, but some other pathways and mechanisms in animal models of epileptic seizures. We suggest that antanals are promising drug templates for future therapeutics, which may be used in the treatment of epilepsy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Wang Y, Xing Y, Liu X, Ji H, Kai M, Chen Z, Yu J, Zhao D, Ren H, Wang R. A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map). J Med Chem 2012; 55:6224-36. [PMID: 22724433 DOI: 10.1021/jm300664y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogues were synthesized by introduction of novel unnatural α-methylene-β-amino acids (Map) at position 3 or/and position 4. Their binding and functional activity, metabolic stability, and antinociceptive activity were determined and compared. Most of these analogues showed high affinities for the μ-opioid receptor and an increased stability in mouse brain homogenates compared with EM-1. Examination of cAMP accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells confirmed the agonist properties of these analogues. Among these new analogues, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-(2-furyl)Map-NH(2) (analogue 12) exhibited the highest binding potency (K(i)(μ) = 0.221 nM) and efficacy (EC(50) = 0.0334 nM, E(max) = 97.14%). This analogue also displayed enhanced antinociceptive activity in vivo in comparison to EM-1. Molecular modeling approaches were then carried out to demonstrate the interaction pattern of these analogues with the opioid receptors. We found that, compared to EM-1, the incorporation of our synthesized Map at position 4 would bring the analogue to a closer binding mode with the μ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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11
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Purington LC, Sobczyk-Kojiro K, Pogozheva ID, Traynor JR, Mosberg HI. Development and in vitro characterization of a novel bifunctional μ-agonist/δ-antagonist opioid tetrapeptide. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1375-81. [PMID: 21958158 DOI: 10.1021/cb200263q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of tolerance to and dependence on opioid analgesics greatly reduces their long-term usefulness. Previous studies have demonstrated that co-administration of a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist can decrease MOR agonist-induced tolerance and dependence development after chronic exposure. Clinically, a single ligand displaying multiple efficacies (e.g., MOR agonism concurrently with DOR antagonism) would be of increased value over two drugs administered simultaneously. Guided by modeling of receptor-ligand complexes we have developed a series of potent non-selective opioid tetrapeptides that have differing efficacy at MOR and DOR. In particular, our lead peptide (KSK-103) binds with equal affinity to MOR and DOR but acts as a MOR agonist with similar efficacy but greater potency than morphine and a DOR antagonist in cellular assays measuring both G protein stimulation and adenylyl cyclase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Purington
- Medical School and College of Pharmacy, Departments of †Pharmacology and ‡Medicinal Chemistry, and §Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarzyna Sobczyk-Kojiro
- Medical School and College of Pharmacy, Departments of †Pharmacology and ‡Medicinal Chemistry, and §Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Irina D. Pogozheva
- Medical School and College of Pharmacy, Departments of †Pharmacology and ‡Medicinal Chemistry, and §Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Medical School and College of Pharmacy, Departments of †Pharmacology and ‡Medicinal Chemistry, and §Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Henry I. Mosberg
- Medical School and College of Pharmacy, Departments of †Pharmacology and ‡Medicinal Chemistry, and §Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Fichna J, Perlikowska R, Wyrębska A, Gach K, Piekielna J, do-Rego JC, Toth G, Kluczyk A, Janecki T, Janecka A. Effect of 2′,6′-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) on pharmacological activity of cyclic endomorphin-2 and morphiceptin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6977-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Zhang L, Chang L, Yu LL, Liu JC, Chen JJ, Li XW, Lazarus LH, Li TY. Endomorphin analogues with balanced affinity for both μ- and δ-opioid receptors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Davis MP. Opioid receptor targeting ligands for pain management: a review and update. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:1007-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.511473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Gach K, do-Rego JC, Fichna J, Storr M, Delbro D, Toth G, Janecka A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs. Peptides 2010; 31:1617-24. [PMID: 20434497 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphiceptin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH(2)), a tetrapeptide present in the enzymatic digest of bovine beta-casein, is a selective ligand of the mu-opioid receptor. In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a series of novel morphiceptin analogs modified in positions 1-3. Two of the obtained analogs, [Dmt(1), D-Ala(2), D-1-Nal(3)]morphiceptin and [Dmt(1), D-NMeAla(2), D-1-Nal(3)]morphiceptin (Dmt-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine and d-1-Nal-3-(1-naphthyl)-D-alanine)) displayed very high mu-receptor affinity, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and remarkable supraspinally mediated analgesia, as shown in the hot-plate test after intracerebroventricular but not intravenous administration, which indicated that they could not cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, these two analogs were further tested in vitro and in vivo towards their possible peripheral analgesic activity and inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal (GI) motility. We report that both peptides showed strong antinociceptive effect in the writhing test after intraperitoneal administration, inhibited smooth muscle contractility in vitro and GI motility in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that the novel morphiceptin analogs which induce peripheral, but not central antinociception, inhibit GI transit, and possess exceptional metabolic stability, may provide an interesting approach to the development of peripherally restricted agents for the treatment of GI motility disorders, such as diarrhea or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidiarrheals/chemical synthesis
- Antidiarrheals/chemistry
- Antidiarrheals/metabolism
- Antidiarrheals/pharmacology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Drug Stability
- Endorphins/administration & dosage
- Endorphins/chemical synthesis
- Endorphins/chemistry
- Endorphins/metabolism
- Endorphins/pharmacology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry
- Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
- Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement
- Peripheral Nerves/drug effects
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/chemical synthesis
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/chemistry
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/metabolism
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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16
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Torino D, Mollica A, Pinnen F, Feliciani F, Lucente G, Fabrizi G, Portalone G, Davis P, Lai J, Ma SW, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin-2 analogues containing (Z)-alpha,beta-didehydrophenylalanine (Delta(Z)Phe) residues. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4550-4. [PMID: 20476738 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New endomorphin-2 (EM-2) analogues incorporating (Z)-alpha,beta-didehydrophenylalanine (Delta(Z)Phe) in place of the native phenylalanine in EM-2 are reported. Tyr-Pro-Delta(Z)Phe-Phe-NH(2) {[Delta(Z)Phe(3)]EM-2} (1), Tyr-Pro-Phe-Delta(Z)Phe-NH(2) {[Delta(Z)Phe(4)]EM-2} (2), and Tyr-Pro-Delta(Z)Phe-Delta(Z)Phe-NH(2) {[Delta(Z)Phe(3,4)]EM-2}(3) have been synthesized, their opioid receptor binding affinities and tissue bioassay activities were determined, and their conformational properties were examined. Compound 2 shows high mu opioid receptor selectivity and mu agonist activity comparable to those of the native peptide. The conformation adopted in solution and in the crystal by N-Boc-Tyr-Pro-Delta(Z)Phe-Phe-NH(2) (8) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Torino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A.Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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Gach K, Szemraj J, Wyrębska A, Janecka A. The influence of opioids on matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 secretion and mRNA levels in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1231-6. [PMID: 20563853 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in degradation of extracellular matrix, a process that initiates uncontrolled spread of proliferating cancer cells and therefore plays a crucial role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Compounds able to modulate MMP activity may become important tools in cancer research. In the present study we examined the effect of two μ-selective opioids, morphine and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) on the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MCF-7 cells. We report that both opioids time- and concentration-dependently inhibited the expression and secretion of these MMPs. The observed effect was not reversed by naloxone (Nal). Further experiments showed that morphine and EM-2 decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA level and nitric oxide (NO) secretion in MCF-7 cells. These findings indicate that attenuation of MMP secretion by opioids was not mediated by opioid receptors but was under the control of nitric oxide system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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18
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Evaluation of N-substitution in 6,7-benzomorphan compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4975-82. [PMID: 20599386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
6,7-benzomorphan derivatives, exhibiting different mu, delta, and kappa receptor selectivity profiles depending on the N-substituent, represent a useful skeleton for the synthesis of new and better analgesic agents. In this work, an aromatic ring and/or alkyl residues have been used with an N-propanamide or N-acetamide spacer for the synthesis of a new series of 5,9-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan derivatives (12-22). Data obtained by competition binding assays showed that the mu opioid receptor seems to prefer an interaction with the 6,7-benzomorphan ligands having an N-substituent with a propanamide spacer and less hindered amide. Highly stringent features are required for delta receptor interaction, while an N-acetamide spacer and/or bulkier amide could preferentially lead to kappa receptor selectivity. In the propanamide series, compound 12 (named LP1) displayed high mu affinity (Ki=0.83 nM), good delta affinity (Ki=29 nM) and low affinity for the kappa receptor (Ki=110 nM), with a selectivity ratio delta/mu and kappa/mu of 35.1 and 132.5, respectively. Further, in the adenylyl cyclase assay, LP1 displayed a mu/delta agonist profile, with IC50 values of 4.8 and 12 nM at the mu and delta receptors, respectively. The antinociceptive potency of LP1 in the tail-flick test after sc administration in rat was comparable with the potency of morphine (ED50=2.03 and 2.7 mg/kg, respectively), and was totally reversed by naloxone. LP1, possessing a mu/delta agonist profile, could represent a lead in further developing benzomorphan-based ligands with potent in vivo analgesic activity and a reduced tendency to induce side effects.
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20
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Fichna J, Perlikowska R, Gach K, Do-Rego JC, Cravezic A, Janecka A, Storr MA. The Novel Endomorphin Degradation Blockers Tyr-Pro-DClPhe-Phe-NH2 (EMDB-1) and Tyr-Pro-Ala-NH2 (EMDB-2) Prolong Endomorphin-2 Action in Rat Ileum In Vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:77-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Perlikowska R, Fichna J, WyrÄbska A, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Toth G, Storr M, do Rego JC, Janecka A. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Endomorphin Analogues with Non-Cyclic Amino Acid Residues in Position 2. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Fichna J, Gach K, Perlikowska R, Cravezic A, Bonnet JJ, do-Rego JC, Janecka A, Storr MA. Novel endomorphin analogues with antagonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor in the gastrointestinal tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 162:109-14. [PMID: 20083143 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioid bowel dysfunction (OBD) summarizes common adverse side effects of opiate-based management of pain. A promising therapeutic approach to prevent OBD and other opioid-related disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the co-administration of opiates with peripherally-restricted mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-selective antagonists. The aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity and efficacy of three novel peptide antagonists: antanal-1, antanal-2, and antanal-2A at MOR in the GI tract in vitro and in vivo. The effects of the antanals on GI motility were studied in vitro, using isolated preparations of mouse ileum and colon and in vivo, by measuring colonic propulsion in mice. Additionally, in vitro stability against enzymatic degradation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability using the hot plate test in mice were examined. The antanals significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of the MOR agonists endomorphin-2, morphine, and loperamide on mouse ileum and colon contractions in vitro and blocked morphine-induced decrease of colonic bead expulsion in vivo. The hot plate test in mice showed that the antagonist activity of all antanals was restricted to the periphery. Antanal-1, antanal-2, and antanal-2A are promising MOR antagonists with limited BBB permeability, which may be developed into future therapeutics of opioid-related GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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23
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Gach K, Szemraj J, Fichna J, Piestrzeniewicz M, Delbro DS, Janecka A. The influence of opioids on urokinase plasminogen activator on protein and mRNA level in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:390-6. [PMID: 19691469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator plays a key role in tumor-associated processes, increasing cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and is therefore used as a marker in cancer prognosis. In this study, we have determined the effect of mu-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists on the urokinase plasminogen activator secretion in MCF-7 cell line. It was shown that mu-opioid receptor agonists, such as morphine and endomorphins, greatly stimulate urokinase plasminogen activator secretion, while naloxone and MOR-selective antagonists elicit the opposite effect. The same tendency was observed also on the urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA level. However, neither agonists nor antagonists had any effect on proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The findings reported in this study may be useful in designing further experiments aimed at elucidating the role of the opioid system in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Torino D, Mollica A, Pinnen F, Lucente G, Feliciani F, Davis P, Lai J, Ma SW, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin analogues modified at the Pro(2) residue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4115-8. [PMID: 19560919 PMCID: PMC2737817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Six new endomorphin analogues, incorporating constrained amino acids in place of native proline have been synthesized. Residues of (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze), 3,4-dehydro-(S)-proline (Delta(3)Pro), azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (3Aze) and dehydro-alanine (DeltaAla) have been used to prepare [Delta(3)Pro(2)]EM-2 (1), [Aze(2)]EM-1 (2), [Aze(2)]EM-2 (3), [3Aze(2)]EM-1 (4), [3Aze(2)]EM-2 (5) and [DeltaAla(2)]EM-2 (6). Binding assays and functional bioactivities for mu- and delta-receptors are reported. The highest affinity, bioactivity and selectivity are shown by peptides 2 and 3 containing the Aze residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Torino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco e Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR Sezione di Roma, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gino Lucente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco e Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR Sezione di Roma, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Feliciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Shou-Wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
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25
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Dietis N, Guerrini R, Calo G, Salvadori S, Rowbotham D, Lambert D. Simultaneous targeting of multiple opioid receptors: a strategy to improve side-effect profile. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:38-49. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Perlikowska R, Gach K, Fichna J, Toth G, Walkowiak B, do-Rego JC, Janecka A. Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3789-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Schiller PW. Bi- or multifunctional opioid peptide drugs. Life Sci 2009; 86:598-603. [PMID: 19285088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the design of bi- or multifunctional drugs are reviewed. A distinction is made between bifunctional drugs interacting in a monovalent fashion with two targets and ligands containing two distinct pharmacophores binding in a bivalent mode to the two binding sites in a receptor heterodimer. Arguments are presented to indicate that some of the so-called "bivalent" ligands reported in the literature are unlikely to simultaneously interact with two binding sites. Aspects related to the development of bi- or multifunctional drugs are illustrated with examples from the field of opioid analgesics. The drug-like properties of the tetrapeptide Dmt(1)[DALDA] with triple action as a micro opioid agonist, norepinephrine uptake inhibitor and releaser of endogenous opioid peptides to produce potent spinal analgesia are reviewed. Rationales for the development of opioid peptides with mixed agonist/antagonist profiles as analgesics with reduced side effects are presented. Progress in the development of mixed micro opioid agonist/delta opioid antagonists with low propensity to produce tolerance and physical dependence is reviewed. Efforts to develop bifunctional peptides containing a micro opioid agonist and a cholecystokinin antagonist or an NK1 receptor antagonist as analgesics expected to produce less tolerance and dependence are also reviewed. A strategy to improve the drug-like properties of bifunctional opioid peptide analgesics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7.
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28
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Fichna J, Gach K, Perlikowska R, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Szemraj J, Janecka A. Identification of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 binding sites in human mu-opioid receptor by antisense oligonucleotide strategy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 72:507-12. [PMID: 19090917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against exons-1, -2, -3 and -4 of the human mu-opioid receptor were studied in the CHO-mu-opioid receptor cells using aequorin luminescence-based calcium assay. All four antisense oligodeoxynucleotides significantly decreased the level of mu-opioid receptor mRNA in comparison with the non-treated cells, used as control. However, no statistically significant differences between antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were observed. antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against exon-2 attenuated endomorphin-1-induced intracellular calcium response in a concentration-dependent manner. antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against exons-1, -2, -3 and -4 inhibited endomorphin-2-induced intracellular calcium response in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against exons-3 and -4 was most pronounced. The mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides against respective exons failed to exert any effect. The selective actions of antisense probes directed against different exons of the human mu-opioid receptor gene, that resulted, at the protein level, in attenuation of calcium responses induced by endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, suggest that the binding sites for endomorphins are structurally and functionally different. The presence of functionally distinct binding sites might play a crucial role in the modulation of pain and may be important clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, Lodz, Poland
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29
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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30
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Ghosh A, Luo J, Liu C, Weltrowska G, Lemieux C, Chung NN, Lu Y, Schiller PW. Novel opioid peptide derived antagonists containing (2S)-2-methyl-3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-carbamoylphenyl)propanoic acid [(2S)-Mdcp]. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5866-70. [PMID: 18800771 DOI: 10.1021/jm8004702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the novel tyrosine analogue (2 S)-2-methyl-3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-carbamoylphenyl)propanoic acid [(2 S)-Mdcp] (15) was developed. In (2 S)-Mdcp, the amino and hydroxyl groups of 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine are replaced by a methyl and a carbamoyl group, respectively, and its substitution for Tyr (1) in opioid agonist peptides resulted in compounds showing antagonism at all three opioid receptors. The cyclic peptide (2 S)-Mdcp-c[D-Cys-Gly-Phe(pNO 2)-D-Cys]NH 2 (1) was a potent and selective mu antagonist, whereas (2 S)-Mdcp-c[D-Pen-Gly-Phe(pF)-Pen]-Phe-OH (3) showed subnanomolar delta antagonist activity and extraordinary delta selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Program, Office of Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
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31
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The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor: a target with broad therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:694-710. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Staniszewska R, Fichna J, Gach K, Toth G, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Janecka A. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Endomorphin-2 Analogs Incorporating Piperidine-2-, 3- or 4-Carboxylic Acids Instead of Proline in Position 2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 72:91-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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New method of preparation of C2F5Li and its reactions with cyclic imines and lactims: Synthesis of α-pentafluoroethyl proline. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fichna J, do-Rego JC, Chung NN, Costentin J, Schiller PW, Janecka A. [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin, a novel opioid peptide analog with high analgesic activity. Peptides 2008; 29:633-8. [PMID: 18234394 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The morphiceptin-derived peptide [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin, labeled mu-opioid receptor (MOP) with very high affinity and selectivity in the receptor binding assays. In the mouse hot plate test, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) produced profound supraspinal analgesia, being approximately 100-fold more potent than the endogenous MOP receptor ligand, endomorphin-2. The antinociceptive effect of this new analog lasted up to 120min. Thus, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin is an interesting and extraordinarily potent analgesic, raising the possibility of novel approaches in the design of clinically useful drugs for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Fichna J, do-Rego JC, Janecki T, Staniszewska R, Poels J, Broeck JV, Costentin J, Schiller PW, Janecka A. Novel highly potent mu-opioid receptor antagonist based on endomorphin-2 structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1350-3. [PMID: 18207400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mu-opioid agonists endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2)) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) exhibit an extremely high selectivity for the mu-opioid receptor and thus represent a potential framework for modification into mu-antagonists. Here we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel [d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 analogs, [Sar(2),d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 and [Dmt(1),Sar(2),d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Dmt=2'6'-dimethyltyrosine; Sar=N-methylglycine, sarcosine; d-2-Nal=3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanine). [Dmt(1),Sar(2),d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 possessed very high affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (IC(50)=0.01+/-0.001 nM) and turned out to be a potent and extremely selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist, as judged by the in vitro aequorin luminescence-based calcium assay (pA(2)=9.19). However, in the in vivo hot plate test in mice this analog was less potent than our earlier mu-opioid receptor antagonist, [Dmt(1),d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (antanal-2). The exceptional mu-opioid receptor in vitro activity and selectivity of [Dmt(1), Sar(2),d-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 makes this analog a valuable pharmacological tool, but further modifications are needed to improve its in vivo profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, PL, Poland
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Fichna J, Staniszewska R, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Janecka A. ?-Opioid Receptor Ligands Lack Receptor Subtype Selectivity in the Aequorin Luminescence-based Calcium Assay. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 70:247-53. [PMID: 17718719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the binding selectivity of the mu-opioid receptor ligands, endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2, and DAMGO, in the in vitro functional assay, based on the changes in intracellular calcium levels. For the experiments Chinese hamster ovary cells, stably expressing human mu-receptor, were used. The mu-agonist-induced calcium responses were significantly inhibited by naloxone, an opioid antagonist with high preference for the mu-opioid receptors. Naloxonazine, a mu1-non-peptide antagonist, inhibited the effect of all tested mu-agonists. However, there was no significant difference in the antagonist effect of naloxonazine on the calcium response induced by mu1- (endomorphin-2) and mu2-agonists (endomorphin-1, DAMGO). [D-Pro2]endomorphin-1 and [D-Pro2]endomorphin-2, putative peptide mu2- and mu1-antagonists, respectively, which had been shown in vivo to inhibit the antinociception induced by mu-agonists, produced no inhibitory effect in our in vitro experiments. Our results demonstrated that there is only one population of the mu-opioid receptors expressed in the Chinese hamster ovary cells. We suggest that the mu-opioid receptors form a homogenous population in the in vitro systems. However, the existence of mu-receptor subtypes in vivo is still pharmacologically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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