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Kızılcan DŞ, Güzel Y, Türkmenoğlu B. Clustering of atoms relative to vector space in the Z-matrix coordinate system and 'graphical fingerprint' analysis of 3D pharmacophore structure. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10798-1. [PMID: 38280974 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The behavior of a molecule within its environment is governed by chemical fields present in 3D space. However, beyond local descriptors in 3D, the conformations a molecule assumes, and the resulting clusters also play a role in influencing structure-activity models. This study focuses on the clustering of atoms according to the vector space of four atoms aligned in the Z-Matrix Reference system for molecular similarity. Using 3D-QSAR analysis, it was aimed to determine the pharmacophore groups as interaction points in the binding region of the β2-adrenoceptor target of fenoterol stereoisomers. Different types of local reactive descriptors of ligands have been used to elucidate points of interaction with the target. Activity values for ligand-receptor interaction energy were determined using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Using the Molecular Comparative Electron Topology method, the 3D pharmacophore model (3D-PhaM) was obtained after aligning and superimposing the molecules and was further validated by the molecular docking method. Best guesses were calculated with a non-output validation (LOO-CV) method. Finally, the data were calculated using the 'graphic fingerprint' technique. Based on the eLKlopman (Electrostatic LUMO Klopman) descriptor, the Q2 value of this derivative set was calculated as 0.981 and the R2ext value is calculated as 0.998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Şeyma Kızılcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yahya Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burçin Türkmenoğlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.
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2
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Maciag M, Plazinski W, Pulawski W, Kolinski M, Jozwiak K, Plazinska A. A comprehensive pharmacological analysis of fenoterol and its derivatives to unravel the role of β 2-adrenergic receptor in zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114355. [PMID: 36739761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) belong to a key molecular targets that regulate the most important processes occurring in the human organism. Although over the last decades a zebrafish model has been developed as a model complementary to rodents in biomedical research, the role of β2AR in regulation of pathological and toxicological effects remains to elucidate. Therefore, the study aimed to clarify the role of β2AR with a particular emphasis on the distinct role of subtypes A and B of zebrafish β2AR. As model compounds selective β2AR agonists - (R,R)-fenoterol ((R,R)-Fen) and its new derivatives: (R,R)-4'-methoxyfenoterol ((R,R)-MFen) and (R,R)-4'-methoxy-1-naphtylfenoterol ((R,R)-MNFen) - were tested. We described dose-dependent changes observed after fenoterols exposure in terms of general toxicity, cardiotoxicity and neurobehavioural responses. Subsequently, to better characterise the role of β2-adrenergic stimulation in zebrafish, we have performed a series of molecular docking simulations. Our results indicate that (R,R)-Fen displays the highest affinity for subtype A of zebrafish β2AR and β2AAR might be involved in pigment depletion. (R,R)-MFen shows the lowest affinity for zebrafish β2ARs out of the tested fenoterols and this might be associated with its cardiotoxic and anxiogenic effects. (R,R)-MNFen displays the highest affinity for subtype B of zebrafish β2AR and modulation of this receptor might be associated with the development of malformations, increases locomotor activity and induces a negative chronotropic effect. Taken together, the presented data offer insights into the functional responses of the zebrafish β2ARs confirming their intraspecies conservation, and support the translation of the zebrafish model in pharmacological and toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Maciag
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Plazinski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek Street, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pulawski
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, e Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kolinski
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, e Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Plazinska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Xing G, Li D, Woo AYH, Zhi Z, Ji L, Xing R, Lv H, He B, An H, Zhao H, Lin B, Pan L, Cheng M. Discovery of a Highly Selective β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonist with a 2-Amino-2-phenylethanol Scaffold as an Oral Antiasthmatic Agent. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5514-5527. [PMID: 35360904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma patients in resource-poor countries cannot obtain adequate basic asthma medications because most asthma medications are supplied as inhalants. An alternative approach is to create oral antiasthmatic drugs with high β2/β1-selectivity, which should reduce treatment costs. In this study, we designed a cohort of compounds 1 using 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethan-1-ol hydrogen chloride (1a) as the lead compound with an aim to expand the library of compounds possessing the 2-amino-2-phenylethanol scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies on these compounds revealed that compounds created showed remarkable β2 selectivity compared to isoproterenol and gave additional insights on the rational design of β2-adrenoceptor agonists. Moreover, 1a was found as the best candidate compound showing the greatest potential for drug development. Cell-based assays showed that 1a was about 10 times more selective than salbutamol toward the β2-adrenoceptor. Moreover, 1a exhibited good oral bioavailability and low acute oral toxicity. These data reveal 1a as an oral antiasthmatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dahong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hailiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Deprogramming metabolism in pancreatic cancer with a bi-functional GPR55 inhibitor and biased β2 adrenergic agonist. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3618. [PMID: 35256673 PMCID: PMC8901637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to oncogenesis, tumor growth, and treatment resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we report the effects of (R,S′)-4′-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF), a GPR55 antagonist and biased β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist on cellular signaling implicated in proliferation and metabolism in PDAC cells. The relative contribution of GPR55 and β2-AR in (R,S′)-MNF signaling was explored further in PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the effect of (R,S′)-MNF on tumor growth was determined in a PANC-1 mouse xenograft model. PANC-1 cells treated with (R,S′)-MNF showed marked attenuation in GPR55 signal transduction and function combined with increased β2-AR/Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling, both of which contributing to lower MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling. (R,S′)-MNF administration significantly reduced PANC-1 tumor growth and circulating l-lactate concentrations. Global metabolic profiling of (R,S′)-MNF-treated tumor tissues revealed decreased glycolytic metabolism, with a shift towards normoxic processes, attenuated glutamate metabolism, and increased levels of ophthalmic acid and its precursor, 2-aminobutyric acid, indicative of elevated oxidative stress. Transcriptomics and immunoblot analyses indicated the downregulation of gene and protein expression of HIF-1α and c-Myc, key initiators of metabolic reprogramming in PDAC. (R,S′)-MNF treatment decreased HIF-1α and c-Myc expression, attenuated glycolysis, shifted fatty acid metabolism towards β-oxidation, and suppressed de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in PANC-1 tumors. The results indicate a potential benefit of combined GPR55 antagonism and biased β2-AR agonism in PDAC therapy associated with the deprogramming of altered cellular metabolism.
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Chen J, Liu J, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang F, Pu X. Molecular Mechanisms of Diverse Activation Stimulated by Different Biased Agonists for the β2-Adrenergic Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:5175-5192. [PMID: 34802238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β2AR is an important drug target protein involving many diseases. Biased drugs induce specific signaling and provide additional clinical utility to optimize β2AR-based therapies. However, the biased signaling mechanism has not been elucidated. Motivated by the issue, we chose four agonists with divergent bias (balanced agonist, G-protein-biased agonist, and β-arrestin-biased agonists) and utilized Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulation coupled with a dynamic network to probe the molecular mechanisms of distinct biased activation induced by the structural differences between the four agonists. Our simulations reveal that the G-protein-biased agonist induces an open conformation with the outward shifts of TM6 and TM7 for the intracellular domain, which will be beneficial to couple G protein. In contrast, the β-arrestin-biased agonists regulate an occluded conformation with a slightly outward movement of TM6 and an inward shift of TM7, which should favor β-arrestin signaling. The balanced agonist does not induce an observable outward shift for TM6 but, along with a slight tilt for TM7, leads to an inactive-like conformation. In addition, our results reveal the first time that ICL3 presents specific conformations with different agonists. The G-protein-biased agonist drives ICL3 to open so that the G protein-binding pocket can be available, while the β-arrestin-biased agonists induce ICL3 to form a closed conformation with a stable local α-helix. MM/PBSA analysis further reveals that the hydroxyl groups in the resorcinol of the G-protein-biased agonist form strong interactions with Y5.38 and S5.42, thus preventing tilting of the TM5 extracellular end. The catechol of the balanced agonist and the β-arrestin-biased ones induces the rearrangement of two hydrophobic residues F6.52 and W6.48. However, different from the balanced agonist, the ethyl substituent of β-arrestin-biased agonists forms additional hydrophobic interactions with W6.48 and F6.51 after the rearrangement, which should contribute to the β-arrestin bias. The shortest pathway analysis further reveals that the three residues Y7.43, N7.45, and N7.49 are crucial for allosterically regulating G-protein-biased signaling, while the two residues W6.48 and F6.44 make an important contribution to regulate β-arrestin-biased signaling. For the balanced agonist NE, the allosteric regulation pathway simultaneously involves the residue associated with G-protein-biased signaling like S5.46 and the residues related to β-arrestin-biased signaling like W6.48 and F6.44, thus producing unbiased signaling. The observations could advance our understanding of the biased activation mechanism on class A GPCRs and provide a useful guideline for the design of biased drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiangting Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Management, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fuhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Xing G, Zhi Z, Yi C, Zou J, Jing X, Yiu-Ho Woo A, Lin B, Pan L, Zhang Y, Cheng M. 8-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues as potential β 2-agonists: Design, synthesis and activity study. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113697. [PMID: 34273662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β2-Agonists that bind to plasmalemmal β2-adrenoceptors causing cAMP accumulation are widely used as bronchodilators in chronic respiratory diseases. Here, we designed and synthesized a group of 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues and studied their β2-agonistic activities with a cellular cAMP assay. Compounds B05 and C08 were identified as potent (EC50 < 20 pM) and selective β2-agonists among the compounds tested. They behaved as partial β2-agonists in non-overexpressed HEK293 cells, and possessed rapid smooth muscle relaxant actions and long duration of action in isolated guinea pig tracheal strip preparations. In summary, B05 and C08 are β2-agonists with potential applicability in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ce Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jitian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuefeng Jing
- General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fuxin, 12300, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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7
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Jóźwiak K, Płazińska A. Structural Insights into Ligand-Receptor Interactions Involved in Biased Agonism of G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040851. [PMID: 33561962 PMCID: PMC7915493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile signaling proteins that mediate complex cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters. Ligand directed signaling is observed when agonists, upon binding to the same receptor, trigger significantly different configuration of intracellular events. The current work reviews the structurally defined ligand – receptor interactions that can be related to specific molecular mechanisms of ligand directed signaling across different receptors belonging to class A of GPCRs. Recent advances in GPCR structural biology allow for mapping receptors’ binding sites with residues particularly important in recognition of ligands’ structural features that are responsible for biased signaling. Various studies show particular role of specific residues lining the extended ligand binding domains, biased agonists may alternatively affect their interhelical interactions and flexibility what can be translated into intracellular loop rearrangements. Studies on opioid and angiotensin receptors indicate importance of residues located deeper within the binding cavity and direct interactions with receptor residues linking the ortosteric ligand binding site with the intracellular transducer binding domain. Collection of results across different receptors may suggest elements of common molecular mechanisms which are responsible for passing alternative signals from biased agonists.
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8
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Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Baydaş Y, Kalay E, Şahin E. Production of enantiomerically enriched chiral carbinols using whole-cell biocatalyst. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1837782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Baydaş
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Erbay Kalay
- Kars Vocational School, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Engin Şahin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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Discovery of β-arrestin-biased β 2-adrenoceptor agonists from 2-amino-2-phenylethanol derivatives. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1095-1105. [PMID: 30643208 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are a small family of proteins important for signal transduction at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). β-Arrestins are involved in the desensitization of GPCRs. Recently, biased ligands possessing different efficacies in activating the G protein- versus the β-arrestin-dependent signals downstream of a single GPCR have emerged, which can be used to selectively modulate GPCR signal transduction in such a way that desirable signals are enhanced to produce therapeutic effects while undesirable signals of the same GPCR are suppressed to avoid side effects. In the present study, we evaluated agonist bias for compounds developed along a drug discovery project of β2-adrenoceptor agonists. About 150 compounds, including derivatives of fenoterol, 2-amino-1-phenylethanol and 2-amino-2-phenylethanol, were obtained or synthesized, and initially screened for their β-adrenoceptor-mediated activities in the guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle relaxation assay or the cardiomyocyte contractility assay. Nineteen bioactive compounds were further assessed using both the HTRF cAMP assay and the PathHunter β-arrestin assay. Their concentration-response data in stimulating cAMP synthesis and β-arrestin recruitment were applied to the Black-Leff operational model for ligand bias quantitation. As a result, three compounds (L-2, L-4, and L-12) with the core structure of 5-(1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one were identified as a new series of β-arrestin-biased β2-adrenoceptor agonists, whereas salmeterol was found to be Gs-biased. These findings would facilitate the development of novel drugs for the treatment of both heart failure and asthma.
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Computer-Aided Drug Design Approaches to Study Key Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7404-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Bernier M, Catazaro J, Singh NS, Wnorowski A, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Jozwiak K, Powers R, Wainer IW. GPR55 receptor antagonist decreases glycolytic activity in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line and tumor xenografts. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2131-2142. [PMID: 28741686 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a predominant metabolic pathway in cancer cells characterized by enhanced glucose uptake and its conversion to l-lactate and is associated with upregulated expression of HIF-1α and activation of the EGFR-MEK-ERK, Wnt-β-catenin, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol ((R,R')-MNF) significantly reduces proliferation, survival, and motility of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of the GPR55 receptor. We examined (R,R')-MNF's effect on glycolysis in PANC-1 cells and tumors. Global NMR metabolomics was used to elucidate differences in the metabolome between untreated and (R,R')-MNF-treated cells. LC/MS analysis was used to quantify intracellular concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, carnitine, and l-lactate. Changes in target protein expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Data was also obtained from mouse PANC-1 tumor xenografts after administration of (R,R')-MNF. Metabolomics data indicate that (R,R')-MNF altered fatty acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism and increased intracellular concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and carnitine while reducing l-lactate content. The cellular content of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and hexokinase 2 was reduced consistent with diminished PI3K-AKT signaling and glucose metabolism. The presence of the GLUT8 transporter was established and found to be attenuated by (R,R')-MNF. Mice treated with (R,R')-MNF had significant accumulation of l-lactate in tumor tissue relative to vehicle-treated mice, together with reduced levels of the selective l-lactate transporter MCT4. Lower intratumoral levels of EGFR, pyruvate kinase M2, β-catenin, hexokinase 2, and p-glycoprotein were also observed. The data suggest that (R,R')-MNF reduces glycolysis in PANC-1 cells and tumors through reduced expression and function at multiple controlling sites in the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224.,Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, CT, 06484
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13
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García-Jacas CR, Marrero-Ponce Y, Hernández-Ortega T, Martinez-Mayorga K, Cabrera-Leyva L, Ledesma-Romero JC, Aguilera-Fernández I, Rodríguez-León AR. Tensor algebra-based geometric methodology to codify central chirality on organic molecules. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:541-556. [PMID: 28705027 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1344729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel mathematical procedure to codify chiral features of organic molecules in the QuBiLS-MIDAS framework is introduced. This procedure constitutes a generalization to that commonly used to date, where the values 1 and -1 (correction factor) are employed to weight the molecular vectors when each atom is labelled as R (rectus) or S (sinister) according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules. Therefore, values in the range [Formula: see text] with steps equal to 0.25 may be accounted for. The atoms labelled R or S can have negative and positive values assigned (e.g. -3 for an R atom and 1 for an S atom, or vice versa), opposed values (e.g. -3 for an R atom and 3 for an S atom, or vice versa), positive values (e.g. 3 for an R atom and 1 for an S atom) or negative values (e.g. -3 for an R atom and -1 for an S atom). These proposed Chiral QuBiLS-MIDAS 3D-MDs are real numbers, non-symmetric and reduced to 'classical' (non-chiral) QuBiLS-MIDAS 3D-MDs when symmetry is not codified (correction factor equal to zero). In this report, only the factors with opposed values were considered with the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of this proposal. From QSAR modelling carried out on four chemical datasets (Cramer's steroids, fenoterol stereoisomer derivatives, N-alkylated 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-piperidines, and perindoprilat stereoisomers), it was demonstrated that the use of several correction factors contributes to the building of models with greater robustness and predictive ability than those reported in the literature, as well as with respect to the models exclusively developed with QuBiLS-MIDAS 3D-MDs based on the factor 1 | -1. In conclusion, it can be stated that this novel strategy constitutes a suitable alternative to computed chirality-based descriptors, contributing to the development of good models to predict properties depending on symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R García-Jacas
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Ciudad de México , México
- b Escuela de Sistemas y Computación , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas (PUCESE) , Esmeraldas , Ecuador
- g Grupo de Investigación de Bioinformática , Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) , La Habana , Cuba
| | - Y Marrero-Ponce
- c Computer-Aided Molecular "Biosilico" Discovery and Bioinformatics Research International Network (CAMD-BIR IN) , Quito , Ecuador
- d Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional (MeM&T), Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Escuela de Medicina , Quito , Pichincha , Ecuador
- e Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ) , Quito , Pichincha , Ecuador
- f Grupo de Investigación Ambiental (GIA) , Programas Ambientales, Facultad de Ingenierías, Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico de Comfenalco (COMFENALCO) , Cartagena de Indias , Bolívar , Colombia
| | - T Hernández-Ortega
- g Grupo de Investigación de Bioinformática , Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) , La Habana , Cuba
| | - K Martinez-Mayorga
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Ciudad de México , México
| | - L Cabrera-Leyva
- h Grupo de Investigación de Inteligencia Artificial (AIRES), Facultad de Informática , Universidad de Camagüey , Camagüey , Cuba
| | - J C Ledesma-Romero
- g Grupo de Investigación de Bioinformática , Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) , La Habana , Cuba
| | - I Aguilera-Fernández
- g Grupo de Investigación de Bioinformática , Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) , La Habana , Cuba
| | - A R Rodríguez-León
- g Grupo de Investigación de Bioinformática , Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) , La Habana , Cuba
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14
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Xia X, Meng J, Wu H, Cheng T, Liu G. Integration of multiple active sites on large-pore mesoporous silica for enantioselective tandem reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1638-1641. [PMID: 28097273 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Facile construction of a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst through the assembly of Au/carbene and chiral ruthenium/diamine dual complexes in large-pore mesoporous silica was developed. This enables an efficient one-pot hydration-asymmetric transfer hydrogenation enantioselective tandem reaction of haloalkynes, affording chiral halohydrins with up to 99% enantioselectivity. Combined multifunctionalities, such as substrate-promoted silanol-functionality, BF4- anion-bonding gold/carbene and covalent-bonding chiral ruthenium/diamine active centers, contributed cooperatively to the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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15
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Plazinska A, Plazinski W. Stereoselective binding of agonists to the β2-adrenergic receptor: insights into molecular details and thermodynamics from molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:910-920. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics simulations show the molecular details of stereospecific binding of agonists to the β2-adrenergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Plazinska
- Department of Biopharmacy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medical University of Lublin
- 20-093 Lublin
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Plazinski
- J. Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-239 Cracow
- Poland
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16
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Singh NS, Bernier M, Wainer IW. Selective GPR55 antagonism reduces chemoresistance in cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:757-766. [PMID: 27423937 PMCID: PMC5026616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) possesses pro-oncogenic activity and its function can be competitively inhibited with (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) through poorly defined signaling pathways. Here, the anti-tumorigenic effect of MNF was investigated in the human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1, by focusing on the expression of known cancer biomarkers and the expression and function of multidrug resistance (MDR) exporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Incubation of PANC1 cells with MNF (1μM) for 24h significantly decreased EGF receptor, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and β-catenin protein levels and was accompanied by significant reduction in nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α and the phospho-active forms of PKM2 and β-catenin. Inhibition of GPR55 with either MNF or the GPR55 antagonist CID 16020046 lowered the amount of MDR proteins in total cellular extracts while diminishing the nuclear expression of Pgp and BCRP. There was significant nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin in PANC-1 cells treated with MNF and the pre-incubation with MNF increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and gemcitabine in these cells. Potentiation of doxorubicin cytotoxicity by MNF was also observed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and U87MG glioblastoma cells, which express high levels of GPR55. The data suggest that inhibition of GPR55 activity produces antitumor effects via attenuation of the MEK/ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways leading to a reduction in the expression and function of MDR proteins.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/metabolism
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Fenoterol/analogs & derivatives
- Fenoterol/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Cannabinoid
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Gemcitabine
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, CT 06484, USA.
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17
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Ichikawa O, Fujimoto K, Yamada A, Okazaki S, Yamazaki K. G-Protein/β-Arrestin-Linked Fluctuating Network of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors for Predicting Drug Efficacy and Bias Using Short-Term Molecular Dynamics Simulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155816. [PMID: 27187591 PMCID: PMC4871340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and bias of signal transduction induced by a drug at a target protein are closely associated with the benefits and side effects of the drug. In particular, partial agonist activity and G-protein/β-arrestin-biased agonist activity for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, the family with the most target proteins of launched drugs, are key issues in drug discovery. However, designing GPCR drugs with appropriate efficacy and bias is challenging because the dynamic mechanism of signal transduction induced by ligand—receptor interactions is complicated. Here, we identified the G-protein/β-arrestin-linked fluctuating network, which initiates large-scale conformational changes, using sub-microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) with a diverse collection of ligands and correlation analysis of their G protein/β-arrestin efficacy. The G-protein-linked fluctuating network extends from the ligand-binding site to the G-protein-binding site through the connector region, and the β-arrestin-linked fluctuating network consists of the NPxxY motif and adjacent regions. We confirmed that the averaged values of fluctuation in the fluctuating network detected are good quantitative indexes for explaining G protein/β-arrestin efficacy. These results indicate that short-term MD simulation is a practical method to predict the efficacy and bias of any compound for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichikawa
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma. Co. Ltd, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Okazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma. Co. Ltd, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Ye Q, Cheng T, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Jin R, Liu G. One-Pot Cascade Hydration-Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation as a Practical Strategy to Construct Chiral β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Cioc RC, van der Niet DJH, Janssen E, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Substituted β-Amino Alcohols from Aldehydes and Isocyanides. Chemistry 2015; 21:7808-13. [PMID: 25868115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A practical two-stage one-pot synthesis of N-substituted β-amino alcohols using aldehydes and isocyanides as starting materials has been developed. This method features mild reaction conditions, broad scope, and general tolerance of functional groups. Based on a less common central carbon-carbon bond disconnection, this protocol complements traditional approaches that involve amines and various carbon electrophiles (epoxides, α-halo ketones, β-halohydrins). Medicinally relevant products can be prepared in a concise and efficient way from simple building blocks, as demonstrated in the synthesis of the antiasthma drug salbutamol. Upgrading the synthesis to an enantioselective variant is also feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
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20
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Wnorowski A, Sadowska M, Paul RK, Singh NS, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Jimenez L, Abdelmohsen K, Toll L, Jozwiak K, Bernier M, Wainer IW. Activation of β2-adrenergic receptor by (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol inhibits proliferation and motility of melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:997-1007. [PMID: 25703025 PMCID: PMC4361792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
(R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol [(R,R')-MNF] is a highly-selective β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Incubation of a panel of human-derived melanoma cell lines with (R,R')-MNF resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of motility as assessed by in vitro wound healing and xCELLigence migration and invasion assays. Activity of (R,R')-MNF positively correlated with the β2-AR expression levels across tested cell lines. The anti-motility activity of (R,R')-MNF was inhibited by the β2-AR antagonist ICI-118,551 and the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 mimicked the ability of (R,R')-MNF to inhibit migration of melanoma cell lines in culture, highlighting the importance of cAMP for this phenomenon. (R,R')-MNF caused significant inhibition of cell growth in β2-AR-expressing cells as monitored by radiolabeled thymidine incorporation and xCELLigence system. The MEK/ERK cascade functions in cellular proliferation, and constitutive phosphorylation of MEK and ERK at their active sites was significantly reduced upon β2-AR activation with (R,R')-MNF. Protein synthesis was inhibited concomitantly both with increased eEF2 phosphorylation and lower expression of tumor cell regulators, EGF receptors, cyclin A and MMP-9. Taken together, these results identified β2-AR as a novel potential target for melanoma management, and (R,R')-MNF as an efficient trigger of anti-tumorigenic cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling in β2-AR-expressing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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21
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Woo AYH, Song Y, Zhu W, Xiao RP. Advances in receptor conformation research: the quest for functionally selective conformations focusing on the β2-adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5477-88. [PMID: 25537131 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven-transmembrane receptors, also called GPCRs, represent the largest class of drug targets. Upon ligand binding, a GPCR undergoes conformational rearrangement and thereby changes its interaction with effector proteins including the cognate G-proteins and the multifunctional adaptor proteins, β-arrestins. These proteins, by initiating distinct signal transduction mechanisms, mediate one or several functional responses. Recently, the concept of ligand-directed GPCR signalling, also called functional selectivity or biased agonism, has been proposed to explain the phenomenon that chemically diverse ligands exhibit different efficacies towards the different signalling pathways of a single GPCR, and thereby act as functionally selective or 'biased' ligands. Current concepts support the notion that ligand-specific GPCR conformations are the basis of ligand-directed signalling. Multiple studies using fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-molecule force spectroscopy and other techniques have provided the evidence to support this notion. It is anticipated that these techniques will ultimately help elucidate the structural basis of ligand-directed GPCR signalling at a precision meaningful for structure-based drug design and how a specific ligand molecular structure induces a unique receptor conformation leading to biased signalling. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in experimental techniques applied in the study of functionally selective GPCR conformations and breakthrough data obtained in these studies particularly those of the β2-adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Interaction of fenoterol stereoisomers with β2-adrenoceptor-G sα fusion proteins: antagonist and agonist competition binding. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:517-24. [PMID: 25637582 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific interaction between G-protein-coupled receptors and ligand is the starting point for downstream signaling. Fenoterol stereoisomers were successfully used to probe ligand-specific activation (functional selectivity) of the β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) (Reinartz et al. 2015). In the present study, we extended the pharmacological profile of fenoterol stereoisomers using β2AR-Gsα fusion proteins in agonist and antagonist competition binding assays. Dissociations between binding affinities and effector potencies were found for (R,S')- and (S,S')-isomers of 4'-methoxy-1-naphthyl-fenoterol. Our data corroborate former studies on the importance of the aminoalkyl moiety of fenoterol derivatives for functional selectivity.
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23
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Woo AYH, Song Y, Xiao RP, Zhu W. Biased β2-adrenoceptor signalling in heart failure: pathophysiology and drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:5444-56. [PMID: 25298054 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The body is constantly faced with a dynamic requirement for blood flow. The heart is able to respond to these changing needs by adjusting cardiac output based on cues emitted by circulating catecholamine levels. Cardiac β-adrenoceptors transduce the signal produced by catecholamine stimulation via Gs proteins to their downstream effectors to increase heart contractility. During heart failure, cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body; catecholamine levels are high and β-adrenoceptors become hyperstimulated. The hyperstimulated β1-adrenoceptors induce a cardiotoxic effect, which could be counteracted by the cardioprotective effect of β2-adrenoceptor-mediated Gi signalling. However, β2-adrenoceptor-Gi signalling negates the stimulatory effect of the Gs signalling on cardiomyocyte contraction and further exacerbates cardiodepression. Here, further to the localization of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors and β2-adrenoceptor-mediated β-arrestin signalling in cardiomyocytes, we discuss features of the dysregulation of β-adrenoceptor subtype signalling in the failing heart, and conclude that Gi-biased β2-adrenoceptor signalling is a pathogenic pathway in heart failure that plays a crucial role in cardiac remodelling. In contrast, β2-adrenoceptor-Gs signalling increases cardiomyocyte contractility without causing cardiotoxicity. Finally, we discuss a novel therapeutic approach for heart failure using a Gs-biased β2-adrenoceptor agonist and a β1-adrenoceptor antagonist in combination. This combination treatment normalizes the β-adrenoceptor subtype signalling in the failing heart and produces therapeutic effects that outperform traditional heart failure therapies in animal models. The present review illustrates how the concept of biased signalling can be applied to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases and in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
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24
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Structure-bias relationships for fenoterol stereoisomers in six molecular and cellular assays at the β2-adrenoceptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:51-65. [PMID: 25342094 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional selectivity is well established as an underlying concept of ligand-specific signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Functionally, selective drugs could show greater therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Dual coupling of the β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) triggers a signal transduction via Gsα and Giα proteins. Here, we examined 12 fenoterol stereoisomers in six molecular and cellular assays. Using β2AR-Gsα and β2AR-Giα fusion proteins, (R,S')- and (S,S')-isomers of 4'-methoxy-1-naphthyl-fenoterol were identified as biased ligands with preference for Gs. G protein-independent signaling via β-arrestin-2 was disfavored by these ligands. Isolated human neutrophils constituted an ex vivo model of β2AR signaling and demonstrated functional selectivity through the dissociation of cAMP accumulation and the inhibition of formyl peptide-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species. Ligand bias was calculated using an operational model of agonism and revealed that the fenoterol scaffold constitutes a promising lead structure for the development of Gs-biased β2AR agonists.
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25
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Reprint of: fRMSDchiral: a novel algorithm to represent differences between positions of stereoisomers in complex with dissymmetric binding site. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:26-31. [PMID: 24929899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of molecules to distinguish between optical isomers is crucial for living systems. The change of position of one enantiomer in respect to the position of the second enantiomer within an asymmetric binding site may be analyzed on different levels. Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) may be used for such analyses with low precision. Additional fragment level variants of RMSD allow for more precise definition of differences in location of the main molecular features responsible for recognition of stereoisomers by a selector. Three fRMSDchiral parameters appear to be very useful to precisely quantify the change in orientations of stereoisomers. Proposed calculation emerges as interesting assistance in interpretation of consequences of formation differential interaction(s) responsible for a chiral recognition process.
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26
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Melsom CB, Ørstavik Ø, Osnes JB, Skomedal T, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Gi proteins regulate adenylyl cyclase activity independent of receptor activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106608. [PMID: 25203113 PMCID: PMC4159282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Despite the view that only β2- as opposed to β1-adrenoceptors (βARs) couple to Gi, some data indicate that the β1AR-evoked inotropic response is also influenced by the inhibition of Gi. Therefore, we wanted to determine if Gi exerts tonic receptor-independent inhibition upon basal adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in cardiomyocytes. Experimental approach We used the Gs-selective (R,R)- and the Gs- and Gi-activating (R,S)-fenoterol to selectively activate β2ARs (β1AR blockade present) in combination with Gi inactivation with pertussis toxin (PTX). We also determined the effect of PTX upon basal and forskolin-mediated responses. Contractility was measured ex vivo in left ventricular strips and cAMP accumulation was measured in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult Wistar rats. Key results PTX amplified both the (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol-evoked maximal inotropic response and concentration-dependent increases in cAMP accumulation. The EC50 values of fenoterol matched published binding affinities. The PTX enhancement of the Gs-selective (R,R)-fenoterol-mediated responses suggests that Gi regulates AC activity independent of receptor coupling to Gi protein. Consistent with this hypothesis, forskolin-evoked cAMP accumulation was increased and inotropic responses to forskolin were potentiated by PTX treatment. In non-PTX-treated tissue, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibition or removal of either constitutive muscarinic receptor activation of Gi with atropine or removal of constitutive adenosine receptor activation with CGS 15943 had no effect upon contractility. However, in PTX-treated tissue, PDE3 and 4 inhibition alone increased basal levels of cAMP and accordingly evoked a large inotropic response. Conclusions and implications Together, these data indicate that Gi exerts intrinsic receptor-independent inhibitory activity upon AC. We propose that PTX treatment shifts the balance of intrinsic Gi and Gs activity upon AC towards Gs, enhancing the effect of all cAMP-mediated inotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull Melsom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Ørstavik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Bjørn Osnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Skomedal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Woo AYH, Jozwiak K, Toll L, Tanga MJ, Kozocas JA, Jimenez L, Huang Y, Song Y, Plazinska A, Pajak K, Paul RK, Bernier M, Wainer IW, Xiao RP. Tyrosine 308 is necessary for ligand-directed Gs protein-biased signaling of β2-adrenoceptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19351-63. [PMID: 24831005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of a given G protein-coupled receptor to multiple different G proteins is a widespread phenomenon. For instance, β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) couples dually to Gs and Gi proteins. Previous studies have shown that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of β2-AR causes a switch in receptor coupling from Gs to Gi. More recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of β2-AR by G protein-coupled receptor kinases, particularly GRK2, markedly enhances the Gi coupling. We have previously shown that although most β2-AR agonists cause both Gs and Gi activation, (R,R')-fenoterol preferentially activates β2-AR-Gs signaling. However, the structural basis for this functional selectivity remains elusive. Here, using docking simulation and site-directed mutagenesis, we defined Tyr-308 as the key amino acid residue on β2-AR essential for Gs-biased signaling. Following stimulation with a β2-AR-Gs-biased agonist (R,R')-4'-aminofenoterol, the Gi disruptor pertussis toxin produced no effects on the receptor-mediated ERK phosphorylation in HEK293 cells nor on the contractile response in cardiomyocytes expressing the wild-type β2-AR. Interestingly, Y308F substitution on β2-AR enabled (R,R')-4'-aminofenoterol to activate Gi and to produce these responses in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner without altering β2-AR phosphorylation by PKA or G protein-coupled receptor kinases. These results indicate that, in addition to the phosphorylation status, the intrinsic structural feature of β2-AR plays a crucial role in the receptor coupling selectivity to G proteins. We conclude that specific interactions between the ligand and the Tyr-308 residue of β2-AR stabilize receptor conformations favoring the receptor-Gs protein coupling and subsequently result in Gs-biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- From the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China, the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centers for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science and
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- the Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lawrence Toll
- the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, and
| | | | | | | | - Ying Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China, the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centers for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Song
- From the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China, the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centers for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anita Plazinska
- the Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Pajak
- the Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Michel Bernier
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centers for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
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28
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Stereochemical and conformational study on fenoterol by ECD spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:92-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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fRMSDchiral: a novel algorithm to represent differences between positions of stereoisomers in complex with dissymmetric binding site. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:110-5. [PMID: 24631819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of molecules to distinguish between optical isomers is crucial for living systems. The change of position of one enantiomer in respect to the position of the second enantiomer within an asymmetric binding site may be analyzed on different levels. Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) may be used for such analyses with low precision. Additional fragment level variants of RMSD allow for more precise definition of differences in location of the main molecular features responsible for recognition of stereoisomers by a selector. Three fRMSDchiral parameters appear to be very useful to precisely quantify the change in orientations of stereoisomers. Proposed calculation emerges as interesting assistance in interpretation of consequences of formation differential interaction(s) responsible for a chiral recognition process.
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30
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Plazinska A, Plazinski W, Jozwiak K. Fast, metadynamics-based method for prediction of the stereochemistry-dependent relative free energies of ligand-receptor interactions. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:876-82. [PMID: 24615679 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The computational approach applicable for the molecular dynamics (MD)-based techniques is proposed to predict the ligand-protein binding affinities dependent on the ligand stereochemistry. All possible stereoconfigurations are expressed in terms of one set of force-field parameters [stereoconfiguration-independent potential (SIP)], which allows for calculating all relative free energies by only single simulation. SIP can be used for studying diverse, stereoconfiguration-dependent phenomena by means of various computational techniques of enhanced sampling. The method has been successfully tested on the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) binding the four fenoterol stereoisomers by both metadynamics simulations and replica-exchange MD. Both the methods gave very similar results, fully confirming the presence of stereoselective effects in the fenoterol-β2-AR interactions. However, the metadynamics-based approach offered much better efficiency of sampling which allows for significant reduction of the unphysical region in SIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Plazinska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki Street, 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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31
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Paul RK, Wnorowski A, Gonzalez-Mariscal I, Nayak SK, Pajak K, Moaddel R, Indig FE, Bernier M, Wainer IW. (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol targets GPR55-mediated ligand internalization and impairs cancer cell motility. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:547-61. [PMID: 24355564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(R,R')-4'-Methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) promotes growth inhibition and apoptosis of human HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells via cannabinoid receptor (CBR) activation. The synthetic CB1R inverse agonist, AM251, has been shown to block the anti-mitogenic effect of MNF in these cells; however, AM251 is also an agonist of the recently deorphanized, lipid-sensing receptor, GPR55, whose upregulation contributes to carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of MNF in GPR55 signaling in human HepG2 and PANC-1 cancer cell lines in culture by focusing first on internalization of the fluorescent ligand Tocrifluor 1117 (T1117). Initial results indicated that cell pretreatment with GPR55 agonists, including the atypical cannabinoid O-1602 and l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol, dose-dependently reduced the rate of cellular T1117 uptake, a process that was sensitive to MNF inhibition. GPR55 internalization and signaling mediated by O-1602 was blocked by MNF in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 and PANC-1 cells with MNF significantly abrogated the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to AM251 and O-1602. Moreover, MNF exerted a coordinated negative regulation of AM251 and O-1602 inducible processes, including changes in cellular morphology and cell migration using scratch wound healing assay. This study shows for the first time that MNF impairs GPR55-mediated signaling and, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | - Karolina Pajak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Fred E Indig
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Michel Bernier
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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32
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Bernier M, Paul RK, Dossou KSS, Wnorowski A, Ramamoorthy A, Paris A, Moaddel R, Cloix JF, Wainer IW. Antitumor activity of (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol in a rat C6 glioma xenograft model in the mouse. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2013; 1:e00010. [PMID: 25505565 PMCID: PMC4186428 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(R,R’)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through cell-type specific modulation of β2-adrenergic receptor and/or cannabinoid receptor function. Here, we report an investigation into antitumor activity of MNF in rat C6 glioma cells. The potent antiproliferative action of MNF in these cells (IC50 of ∼1 nmol/L) was refractory to pharmacological inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor while a synthetic inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 significantly blocked MNF activity. The antitumor activity of MNF was then assessed in a C6 glioblastoma xenograft model in mice. Three days after subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells into the lower flank of nude mice, these animals were subjected to i.p. injections of saline or MNF (2 mg/kg) for 19 days and tumor volumes were measured over the course of the experiment. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot assays were performed on the tumors after treatment. Significant reduction in mean tumor volumes was observed in mice receiving MNF when compared with the saline-treated group. We identified clusters in expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, as well as molecular markers for glioblastoma that were significantly downregulated in tumors of MNF-treated mice as compared to saline-injected controls. The efficacy of MNF against C6 glioma cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro was accompanied by marked reduction in the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. This study is the first demonstration of MNF-dependent chemoprevention of a glioblastoma xenograft model and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Katina S S Dossou
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anuradha Ramamoorthy
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Arnaud Paris
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, CNRS UMR7311 BP6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Jean-François Cloix
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, CNRS UMR7311 BP6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
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33
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Comparative molecular field analysis of fenoterol derivatives interacting with an agonist-stabilized form of the β₂-adrenergic receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:234-46. [PMID: 24326276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The β₂-adrenergic receptor (β₂-AR) agonist [(3)H]-(R,R')-methoxyfenoterol was employed as the marker ligand in displacement studies measuring the binding affinities (Ki values) of the stereoisomers of a series of 4'-methoxyfenoterol analogs in which the length of the alkyl substituent at α' position was varied from 0 to 3 carbon atoms. The binding affinities of the compounds were additionally determined using the inverse agonist [(3)H]-CGP-12177 as the marker ligand and the ability of the compounds to stimulate cAMP accumulation, measured as EC₅₀ values, were determined in HEK293 cells expressing the β₂-AR. The data indicate that the highest binding affinities and functional activities were produced by methyl and ethyl substituents at the α' position. The results also indicate that the Ki values obtained using [(3)H]-(R,R')-methoxyfenoterol as the marker ligand modeled the EC₅₀ values obtained from cAMP stimulation better than the data obtained using [(3)H]-CGP-12177 as the marker ligand. The data from this study was combined with data from previous studies and processed using the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis approach to produce a CoMFA model reflecting the binding to the β₂-AR conformation probed by [(3)H]-(R,R')-4'-methoxyfenoterol. The CoMFA model of the agonist-stabilized β₂-AR suggests that the binding of the fenoterol analogs to an agonist-stabilized conformation of the β₂-AR is governed to a greater extend by steric effects than binding to the [(3)H]-CGP-12177-stabilized conformation(s) in which electrostatic interactions play a more predominate role.
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34
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Plazinska A, Kolinski M, Wainer IW, Jozwiak K. Molecular interactions between fenoterol stereoisomers and derivatives and the β₂-adrenergic receptor binding site studied by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4919-30. [PMID: 24043542 PMCID: PMC3825559 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) has become a model system for studying the ligand recognition process and mechanism of the G protein coupled receptors activation. In the present study stereoisomers of fenoterol and some of its derivatives (N = 94 molecules) were used as molecular probes to identify differences in stereo-recognition interactions between β2-AR and structurally similar agonists. The present study aimed at determining the 3D molecular models of the fenoterol derivative-β2-AR complexes. Molecular models of β2-AR have been developed by using the crystal structure of the human β2-AR T4 lysozyme fusion protein with bound (S)-carazolol (PDB ID: 2RH1) and more recently reported structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β2-AR with the bound full agonist BI-167107 (PDB ID: 3P0G). The docking procedure allowed us to study the similarities and differences in the recognition binding site(s) for tested ligands. The agonist molecules occupied the same binding region, between TM III, TM V, TM VI and TM VII. The residues identified by us during docking procedure (Ser203, Ser207, Asp113, Lys305, Asn312, Tyr308, Asp192) were experimentally indicated in functional and biophysical studies as being very important for the agonist-receptor interactions. Moreover, the additional space, an extension of the orthosteric pocket, was identified and described. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the molecular mechanism of interaction between ligands ((R,R')- and (S,S')-fenoterol) and β2-AR. Our research offers new insights into the ligand stereoselective interaction with one of the most important GPCR member. This study may also facilitate the design of improved selective medications, which can be used to treat, prevent and control heart failure symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Plazinska
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Kolinski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irving W. Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Sanghvi M, Ramamoorthy A, Strait J, Wainer IW, Moaddel R. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of fenoterol in human plasma and urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 933:37-43. [PMID: 23872161 PMCID: PMC3767123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of sensitivity in current methods for the determination of fenoterol (Fen), a rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of (R,R')-Fen and (R,R';S,S')-Fen in plasma and urine. The method was fully validated and was linear from 50pg/ml to 2000pg/ml for plasma and from 2.500ng/ml to 160ng/ml for urine with a lower limit of quantitation of 52.8pg/ml in plasma. The coefficient of variation was <15% for the high QC standards and <10% for the low QC standards in plasma and was <15% for the high and low QC standards in urine. The relative concentrations of (R,R')-Fen and (S,S')-Fen were determined using a chirobiotic T chiral stationary phase. The method was used to determine the concentration of (R,R')-Fen in plasma and urine samples obtained in an oral cross-over study of (R,R')-Fen and (R,R';S,S')-Fen formulations. The results demonstrated a potential pre-systemic enantioselective interaction in which the (S,S')-Fen reduces the sulfation of the active (R,R')-Fen. The data suggest that a non-racemic mixture of the Fen enantiomers may provide better bioavailability of the active (R,R')-Fen for use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sanghvi
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - A. Ramamoorthy
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - J. Strait
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD. 21224, USA
| | - I. W. Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - R. Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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36
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Schmitt V, Moschel S, Detert H. Diaryldistyrylpyrazines: Solvatochromic and Acidochromic Fluorophores. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Iyer LV, Ramamoorthy A, Rutkowska E, Furimsky AM, Tang L, Catz P, Green CE, Jozwiak K, Wainer IW. The stereoselective sulfate conjugation of 4'-methoxyfenoterol stereoisomers by sulfotransferase enzymes. Chirality 2012; 24:796-803. [PMID: 22744891 PMCID: PMC6131691 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The presystemic sulfate conjugation of the stereoisomers of 4'-methoxyfenoterol, (R,R')-MF, (S,S')-MF, (R,S')-MF, and (S,R')-MF, was investigated using commercially available human intestinal S9 fractions, a mixture of sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. The results indicate that the sulfation was stereospecific and that an S-configuration at the β-OH carbon of the MF molecule enhanced the maximal formation rates with (S,R')-MF (S,S')-MF (R,S')-MF ≈ (R,R')-MF, and competition studies demonstrated that (S,R')-MF is an effective inhibitor of (R,R')-MF sulfation (IC(50) = 60 μM). In addition, the results from a cDNA-expressed human SULT isoform screen indicated that SULT1A1, SULT1A3, and SULT1E1 can mediate the sulfation of all four MF stereoisomers. Previously published molecular models of SULT1A3 and SULT1A1 were used in docking simulations of the MF stereoisomers using Molegro Virtual Docker. The models of the MF-SULT1A3 and MF-SULT1A1 complexes indicate that each of the two chiral centers of MF molecule plays a role in the observed relative stabilities. The observed stereoselectivity is the result of multiple hydrogen bonding interactions and induced conformational changes within the substrate-enzyme complex. In conclusion, the results suggest that a formulation developed from a mixture of (R,R')-MF and (S,R')-MF may increase the oral bioavailability of (R,R')-MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha V. Iyer
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Anuradha Ramamoorthy
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ewelina Rutkowska
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Liang Tang
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Paul Catz
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Carol E. Green
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irving W. Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yeung JCY, de Lannoy I, Gien B, Vuckovic D, Yang Y, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J. Semi-automated in vivo solid-phase microextraction sampling and the diffusion-based interface calibration model to determine the pharmacokinetics of methoxyfenoterol and fenoterol in rats. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 742:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Paul RK, Ramamoorthy A, Scheers J, Wersto RP, Toll L, Jimenez L, Bernier M, Wainer IW. Cannabinoid receptor activation correlates with the proapoptotic action of the β2-adrenergic agonist (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:157-66. [PMID: 22776956 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cell proliferation by fenoterol and fenoterol derivatives in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells is consistent with β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) stimulation. However, the events that result in fenoterol-mediated control of cell proliferation in other cell types are not clear. Here, we compare the effect of the β(2)-AR agonists (R,R')-fenoterol (Fen) and (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) on signaling and cell proliferation in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells by using Western blotting and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays. Despite the expression of β(2)-AR, no cAMP accumulation was observed when cells were stimulated with isoproterenol or Fen, although the treatment elicited both mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation. Unexpectedly, isoproterenol and Fen promoted HepG2 cell growth, but MNF reduced proliferation together with increased apoptosis. The mitogenic responses of Fen were attenuated by 3-(isopropylamino)-1-[(7-methyl-4-indanyl)oxy]butan-2-ol (ICI 118,551), a β(2)-AR antagonist, whereas those of MNF were unaffected. Because of the coexpression of β(2)-AR and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and their impact on HepG2 cell proliferation, these Gα(i)/Gα(o)-linked receptors may be implicated in MNF signaling. Cell treatment with (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2), a synthetic agonist of CB(1)R and CB(2)R, led to growth inhibition, whereas inverse agonists of these receptors blocked MNF mitogenic responses without affecting Fen signaling. MNF responses were sensitive to pertussis toxin. The β(2)-AR-deficient U87MG cells were refractory to Fen, but responsive to the antiproliferative actions of MNF and WIN 55,212-2. The data indicate that the presence of the naphthyl moiety in MNF results in functional coupling to the CBR pathway, providing one of the first examples of a dually acting β(2)-AR-CBR ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Ahmet I, Turner T, Lakatta EG, Talan MI. Fenoterol enantiomers do not possess beneficial therapeutic properties of their racemic mixture in the rat model of post myocardial infarction dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012; 26:101-8. [PMID: 22328006 PMCID: PMC4530616 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A salutary effect of β(2) adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, fenoterol has been demonstrated in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recent reports on single cardiomyocyte experiments suggested that out of two enantiomers, RR and SS, that constitute a racemic mixture of fenoterol, only RR-enantiomer is an active component that might be a promising new drug for treatment of chronic heart failure. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the RR enantiomer of fenoterol with efficacy of racemic fenoterol, and SS, an inactive enantiomer, in whole animal experimental models of DCM. METHODS Two weeks after induction of MI by permanent ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery early cardiac remodeling and MI size were assessed via echocardiography and rats were divided into treatment groups. Treatment (placebo, racemic fenoterol, RR- or SS-enantiomers of fenoterol) continued for 6 months while progression of DCM was followed by serial echocardiography. RESULTS Compared with untreated rats, rats treated with racemic fenoterol demonstrated previously described attenuation of LV remodeling, functional decline and the arrest of the MI expansion during the first 2 months of treatment. On the contrary, the treatment with either RR-, or with SS-enantiomers of fenoterol was completely ineffective. CONCLUSION The conclusion drawn on the basis of previous experiments with single cardiomyocytes that RR-enantiomer of fenoterol represents an active component of racemic fenoterol and can be further investigated as a new drug for treatment of chronic heart failure was not confirmed in the whole animal model of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tia Turner
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark I. Talan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Toll L, Pajak K, Plazinska A, Jozwiak K, Jimenez L, Kozocas JA, Tanga MJ, Bupp JE, Wainer IW. Thermodynamics and docking of agonists to the β(2)-adrenoceptor determined using [(3)H](R,R')-4-methoxyfenoterol as the marker ligand. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:846-54. [PMID: 22434858 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that change conformation after ligand binding so that they can transduce signals from an extracellular ligand to a variety of intracellular components. The detailed interaction of a molecule with a G protein-coupled receptor is a complicated process that is influenced by the receptor conformation, thermodynamics, and ligand conformation and stereoisomeric configuration. To better understand the molecular interactions of fenoterol analogs with the β(2)-adrenergic receptor, we developed a new agonist radioligand for binding assays. [(3)H](R,R')-methoxyfenoterol was used to probe the binding affinity for a series of fenoterol stereoisomers and derivatives. The results suggest that the radioligand binds with high affinity to an agonist conformation of the receptor, which represents approximately 25% of the total β(2)-adrenoceptor (AR) population as determined with the antagonist [(3)H]CGP-12177. The β(2)-AR agonists tested in this study have considerably higher affinity for the agonist conformation of the receptor, and K(i) values determined for fenoterol analogs model much better the cAMP activity of the β(2)-AR elicited by these ligands. The thermodynamics of binding are also different when interacting with an agonist conformation, being purely entropy-driven for each fenoterol isomer, rather than a mixture of entropy and enthalpy when the fenoterol isomers binding was determined using [(3)H]CGP-12177. Finally, computational modeling identified the molecular interactions involved in agonist binding and allow for the prediction of additional novel β(2)-AR agonists. The study underlines the possibility of using defined radioligand structure to probe a specific conformation of such shape-shifting system as the β(2)-adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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Abstract
β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system or circulating catecholamines is broadly involved in peripheral blood circulation, metabolic regulation, muscle contraction, and central neural activities. In the heart, acute βAR stimulation serves as the most powerful means to regulate cardiac output in response to a fight-or-flight situation, whereas chronic βAR stimulation plays an important role in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling.There are three βAR subtypes, β(1)AR, β(2)AR and β(3)AR, in cardiac myocytes. Over the past two decades, we systematically investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the different even opposite functional roles of β(1)AR and β(2)AR subtypes in regulating cardiac structure and function, with keen interest in the development of novel therapies based on our discoveries. We have made three major discoveries, including (1) dual coupling of β(2)AR to G(s) and G(i) proteins in cardiomyocytes, (2) cardioprotection by β(2)AR signaling in improving cardiac function and myocyte viability, and (3) PKA-independent, CaMKII-mediated β(1)AR apoptotic and maladaptive remodeling signaling in the heart. Based on these discoveries and salutary effects of β(1)AR blockade on patients with heart failure, we envision that activation of β(2)AR in combination with clinically used β(1)AR blockade should provide a safer and more effective therapy for the treatment of heart failure.
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Pop N, Igel P, Brennauer A, Cabrele C, Bernhardt G, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Functional reconstitution of human neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2and Y4receptors in Sf9 insect cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:271-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.583253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jozwiak K, Plazinska A, Toll L, Jimenez L, Woo AYH, Xiao RP, Wainer IW. Effect of fenoterol stereochemistry on the β2 adrenergic receptor system: ligand-directed chiral recognition. Chirality 2011; 23 Suppl 1:E1-6. [PMID: 21618615 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) is a model system for studying the ligand recognition process in G protein-coupled receptors. Fenoterol (FEN) is a β(2)-AR selective agonist that has two centers of chirality and exists as four stereoisomers. Radioligand binding studies determined that stereochemistry greatly influences the binding affinity. Subsequent Van't Hoff analysis shows very different thermodynamics of binding depending on the stereoconfiguration of the molecule. The binding of (S,x')-isomers is almost entirely enthalpy controlled whereas binding of (R,x')-isomers is purely entropy driven. Stereochemistry of FEN molecule also affects the coupling of the receptor to different G proteins. In a rat cardiomyocyte contractility model, (R,R')-FEN was shown to selectively activate G(s) protein signaling while the (S,R')-isomer activated both G(i) and G(s) protein. The overall data demonstrate that the chirality at the two chiral centers of the FEN molecule influences the magnitude of binding affinity, thermodynamics of local interactions within the binding site, and the global mechanism of β(2)-AR activation. Differences in thermodynamic parameters and nonuniform G-protein coupling suggest a mechanism of chiral recognition in which observed enantioselectivities arise from the interaction of the (R,x')-FEN stereoisomers with a different receptor conformation than the one with which the (S,x')-isomer interacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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45
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Modeling of ligand binding to G protein coupled receptors: cannabinoid CB1, CB2 and adrenergic β 2 AR. J Mol Model 2011; 17:2353-66. [PMID: 21365223 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-0986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid and adrenergic receptors belong to the class A (similar to rhodopsin) G protein coupled receptors. Docking of agonists and antagonists to CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors revealed the importance of a centrally located rotamer toggle switch and its possible participation in the mechanism of agonist/antagonist recognition. The switch is composed of two residues, F3.36 and W6.48, located on opposite transmembrane helices TM3 and TM6 in the central part of the membranous domain of cannabinoid receptors. The CB(1) and CB(2) receptor models were constructed based on the adenosine A(2A) receptor template. The two best scored conformations of each receptor were used for the docking procedure. In all poses (ligand-receptor conformations) characterized by the lowest ligand-receptor intermolecular energy and free energy of binding the ligand type matched the state of the rotamer toggle switch: antagonists maintained an inactive state of the switch, whereas agonists changed it. In case of agonists of β(2)AR, the (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers of fenoterol, the molecular dynamics simulations provided evidence of different binding modes while preserving the same average position of ligands in the binding site. The (S,S) isomer was much more labile in the binding site and only one stable hydrogen bond was created. Such dynamical binding modes may also be valid for ligands of cannabinoid receptors because of the hydrophobic nature of their ligand-receptor interactions. However, only very long molecular dynamics simulations could verify the validity of such binding modes and how they affect the process of activation.
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Toll L, Jimenez L, Waleh N, Jozwiak K, Woo AYH, Xiao RP, Bernier M, Wainer IW. {Beta}2-adrenergic receptor agonists inhibit the proliferation of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:524-32. [PMID: 21071556 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.173971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas and glioblastomas have been particularly difficult to treat and refractory to chemotherapy. However, significant evidence has been presented that demonstrates a decrease in astrocytoma cell proliferation subsequent to an increase in cAMP levels. The 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line, as well as other astrocytomas and glioblastomas, expresses β(2)-adrenergic receptors (β(2)-ARs) that are coupled to G(s) activation and consequent cAMP production. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the β(2)-AR agonist (R,R')-fenoterol and other β(2)-AR agonists could attenuate mitogenesis and, if so, by what mechanism. Receptor binding studies were conducted to characterize β(2)-AR found in 1321N1 and U118 cell membranes. In addition, cells were incubated with (R,R')-fenoterol and analogs to determine their ability to stimulate intracellular cAMP accumulation and inhibit [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into the cells. 1321N1 cells contain significant levels of β(2)-AR as determined by receptor binding. (R,R')-fenoterol and other β(2)-AR agonists, as well as forskolin, stimulated cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Accumulation of cAMP induced a decrease in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. There was a correlation between concentration required to stimulate cAMP accumulation and inhibit [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. U118 cells have a reduced number of β(2)-ARs and a concomitant reduction in the ability of β(2)-AR agonists to inhibit cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of β(2)-AR agonists for inhibition of growth of the astrocytoma cell lines. Because a significant portion of brain tumors contain β(2)-ARs to a greater extent than whole brain, (R,R')-fenoterol, or some analog, may be useful in the treatment of brain tumors after biopsy to determine β(2)-AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Toll
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
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Talan MI, Ahmet I, Xiao RP, Lakatta EG. β₂ AR agonists in treatment of chronic heart failure: long path to translation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 51:529-33. [PMID: 20888833 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main clinical manifestations of advanced chronic heart failure (CHF), e.g. in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), are reduced systolic and diastolic functions, increased arterial elastance and arterio-ventricular uncoupling, accompanied and exacerbated by an excessive sympathetic activation and extensive abnormalities in the βAR signaling. Loss of cardiomyocytes due to apoptosis is one mechanism that undoubtedly contributes to cardiac remodeling and functional deterioration associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Research during the last decade on the single cardiomyocyte level strongly suggested that selective stimulation of β(1) AR activates the proapoptotic signaling pathways, while selective stimulation of β(2) AR is antiapoptotic, but its precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Extensive research in the rat model of DCM following induction of myocardial infarction (MI) showed that prolonged treatment with of β(2) AR agonist, fenoterol, in combination with a β(1) AR blocker, metoprolol, is more effective than β(1) AR blocker alone and as effective as β(1) AR blocker with ACE inhibitor with respect to survival and cardiac remodeling. This combined regimen of β(2) AR agonists and a β(1) AR blocker might be considered for clinical testing as alternative or adjunct therapy to currently acceptable CHF arsenal. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Talan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Siluk D, Mager DE, Kim HS, Wang Y, Furimsky AM, Ta A, Iyer LV, Green CE, Wainer IW. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of (R,R)-methoxyfenoterol in rat. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:195-206. [PMID: 20039779 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903434533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
(R,R)-fenoterol (Fen), a beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, is under clinical investigation in the treatment of congestive heart disease. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the 4-methoxyphenyl derivative of (R,R)-Fen, (R,R)-MFen, have been determined following intravenous and oral administration to the rat and compared with corresponding results obtained with (R,R)-Fen. Results from the study suggest that (R,R)-MFen can offer pharmacokinetic and metabolic advantages in comparison to an earlier (R,R)-Fen. The oral administration revealed that the net exposure of (R,R)-MFen was about three-fold higher than that of (R,R)-Fen (7.2 versus 2.3 min x nmol ml(-1)), while intravenous administration proved that the clearance was significantly reduced, 48 versus 146 ml min(-1) kg(-1), the T(1/2) was significantly longer, 152.9 versus 108.9 min, and the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly increased, 300 versus 119 min x nmol ml(-1). (R,R)-MFen was primarily cleared by glucuronidation associated with significant presystemic glucuronidation of the compound. After intravenous and oral administration of (R,R)-MFen, (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G were detected in the urine samples indicating that (R,R)-MFen was O-demethylated and subsequently conjugated to (R,R)-Fen-G. The total (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G as a percentage of the dose after intravenous administration was 3.6%, while after oral administration was 0.3%, indicating that only a small fraction of the drug escaped presystemic glucuronidation and was available for O-demethylation. The glucuronidation pattern was confirmed by the results from in vitro studies where incubation of (R,R)-MFen with rat hepatocytes produced (R,R)-MFen-G, (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G, while incubation with rat intestinal microsomes only resulted in the formation of (R,R)-MFen-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Siluk
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Jozwiak K, Toll L, Jimenez L, Woo AYH, Xiao RP, Wainer IW. The effect of stereochemistry on the thermodynamic characteristics of the binding of fenoterol stereoisomers to the beta(2)-adrenoceptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1610-5. [PMID: 20144591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The binding thermodynamics of the stereoisomers of fenoterol, (R,R')-, (S,S')-, (R,S')-, and (S,R')-fenoterol, to the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) have been determined. The experiments utilized membranes obtained from HEK cells stably transfected with cDNA encoding human beta(2)-AR. Competitive displacement studies using [(3)H]CGP-12177 as the marker ligand were conducted at 4, 15, 25, 30 and 37 degrees C, the binding affinities calculated and the standard enthalpic (DeltaH degrees ) and standard entropic (DeltaS degrees ) contribution to the standard free energy change (DeltaG degrees ) associated with the binding process determined through the construction of van't Hoff plots. The results indicate that the binding of (S,S')- and (S,R')-fenoterol were predominately enthalpy-driven processes while the binding of (R,R')- and (R,S')-fenoterol were entropy-driven. All of the fenoterol stereoisomers are full agonists of the beta(2)-AR, and, therefore, the results of this study are inconsistent with the previously described "thermodynamic agonist-antagonist discrimination", in which the binding of an agonist to the beta-AR is entropy-driven and the binding of an antagonist is enthalpy-driven. In addition, the data demonstrate that the chirality of the carbon atom containing the beta-hydroxyl group of the fenoterol molecule (the beta-OH carbon) is a key factor in the determination of whether the binding process will be enthalpy-driven or entropy-driven. When the configuration at the beta-OH carbon is S the binding process is enthalpy-driven while the R configuration produces an entropy-driven process.
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Comparative molecular field analysis of fenoterol derivatives: A platform towards highly selective and effective beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:728-36. [PMID: 20036561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use a previously developed CoMFA model to design a series of new structures of high selectivity and efficacy towards the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. RESULTS Out of 21 computationally designed structures 6 compounds were synthesized and characterized for beta(2)-AR binding affinities, subtype selectivities and functional activities. CONCLUSION the best compound is (R,R)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfelnoterol with K(i)beta(2)-AR=0.28microm, K(i)beta(1)-AR/K(i)beta(2)-AR=573, EC(50cAMP)=3.9nm, EC(50cardio)=16nm. The CoMFA model appears to be an effective predictor of the cardiomocyte contractility of the studied compounds which are targeted for use in congestive heart failure.
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