1
|
Karami P, Gholamin D, Fathi F, Afsar T, Johari-Ahar M. Anti-CCP biosensors in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119767. [PMID: 38857671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors are unique analytical tools for the detection of biomarkers. Of these, autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are useful for the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The autoantibodies may be detected by immunoassay technology using synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP), ie, anti-CCP. Recently, several biosensors have been developed for anti-CCP using CCP and mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) as recognition elements. In this review we highlight all currently available ACPA biosensor technology including those based on fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA), and electrochemical. We explore various peptides as recognition elements, electrode modifiers and signal amplification systems thus providing new opportunities for next-generation biosensor design in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pari Karami
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Danial Gholamin
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Taha Afsar
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frade-Sosa B, Ponce A, Ruiz-Ortiz E, De Moner N, Gómara MJ, Azuaga AB, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Morlà R, Ruiz-Esquide V, Macías L, Sapena N, Tobalina L, Ramirez J, Cañete JD, Yague J, Auge JM, Gomez-Puerta JA, Viñas O, Haro I, Sanmarti R. Neutrophilic Activity Biomarkers (Plasma Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Calprotectin) in Established Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Biological or JAK Inhibitors: A Clinical and Ultrasonographic Study. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:501-521. [PMID: 38430455 PMCID: PMC11111434 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-024-00650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses the accuracy of neutrophil activation markers, including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and calprotectin, as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also analyse the relationship between NETs and various types of therapies as well as their association with autoimmunity. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study of patients with RA receiving treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors) for at least 3 months. Plasma calprotectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit and NETs by measuring their remnants in plasma (neutrophil elastase-DNA and histone-DNA complexes). We also assessed clinical disease activity, joint ultrasound findings and autoantibody status [reumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP)]. Associations between neutrophilic biomarkers and clinical or ultrasound scores were sought using correlation analysis. The discriminatory capacity of both neutrophilic biomarkers to detect ultrasound synovitis was analysed through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS One hundred fourteen patients were included. Two control groups were included to compare NET levels. The active control group consisted of 15 patients. The second control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Plasma NET levels did not correlate with clinical disease status, regardless of the clinic index analysed or the biological therapy administered. No significant correlation was observed between NET remnants and ultrasound synovitis. There was no correlation between plasma NET and autoantibodies. In contrast, plasma calprotectin positively correlated with clinical parameters (swollen joint count [SJC] rho = 0.49; P < 0.001, Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] rho = 0.30; P < 0.001) and ultrasound parameters (rho > 0.50; P < 0.001). Notably, this correlation was stronger than that observed with acute phase reactants. CONCLUSION While NET formation induced by neutrophils may play a role in RA pathogenesis, our study raises questions about the utility of NET remnants in peripheral circulation as a biomarker for inflammatory activity. In contrast, this study strongly supports the usefulness of calprotectin as a biomarker of inflammatory activity in patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Frade-Sosa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ponce
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Ruiz-Ortiz
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí De Moner
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Azuaga
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Sarmiento-Monroy
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Morlà
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Esquide
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Macías
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sapena
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lola Tobalina
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramirez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Yague
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Auge
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Gomez-Puerta
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odette Viñas
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmarti
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Carrer Villarroel 170, 08170, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Implications of Post-Translational Modifications in Autoimmunity with Emphasis on Citrullination, Homocitrullination and Acetylation for the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415803. [PMID: 36555449 PMCID: PMC9781636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) influence cellular processes and consequently, their dysregulation is related to the etiologies of numerous diseases. It is widely known that a variety of autoimmune responses in human diseases depend on PTMs of self-proteins. In this review we summarize the latest findings about the role of PTMs in the generation of autoimmunity and, specifically, we address the most relevant PTMs in rheumatic diseases that occur in synovial tissue. Citrullination, homocitrullination (carbamylation) and acetylation are responsible for the generation of Anti-Modified Protein/Peptide Antibodies (AMPAs family), autoantibodies which have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synthetic peptides provide complete control over the exact epitopes presented as well as the specific positions in their sequence where post-translationally modified amino acids are located and are key to advancing the detection of serological RA biomarkers that could be useful to stratify RA patients in order to pursue a personalized rheumatology. In this review we specifically address the latest findings regarding synthetic peptides post-translationally modified for the specific detection of autoantibodies in RA patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Trejo-Zambrano MI, Gómez-Bañuelos E, Andrade F. Redox-Mediated Carbamylation As a Hapten Model Applied to the Origin of Antibodies to Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:389-409. [PMID: 33906423 PMCID: PMC8982126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The production of antibodies to posttranslationally modified antigens is a hallmark in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, the presence of citrullination-associated antibodies, targeting both citrullinating enzymes (the peptidylarginine deiminases [PADs]) and citrullinated antigens (anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPAs]), has suggested that dysregulated citrullination is relevant for disease pathogenesis. Antibodies to other protein modifications with physicochemical similarities to citrulline, such as carbamylated-lysine and acetylated-lysine, have also gained interest in RA, but their mechanistic relation to ACPAs remains unclear. Recent Advances: Recent studies using RA-derived monoclonal antibodies have found that ACPAs are cross-reactive to carbamylated and acetylated peptides, challenging our understanding of the implications of such cross-reactivity. Critical Issues: Analogous to the classic antibody response to chemically modified proteins, we examine the possibility that antibodies to modified proteins in RA are more likely to resemble antihapten antibodies rather than autoantibodies. This potential shift in the autoantibody paradigm in RA offers the opportunity to explore new mechanisms involved in the origin and cross-reactivity of pathogenic antibodies in RA. In contrast to citrullination, carbamylation is a chemical modification associated with oxidative stress, it is highly immunogenic, and is considered in the group of posttranslational modification-derived products. We discuss the possibility that carbamylated proteins are antigenic drivers of cross-reacting antihapten antibodies that further create the ACPA response, and that ACPAs may direct the production of antibodies to PAD enzymes. Future Directions: Understanding the complexity of autoantibodies in RA is critical to develop tools to clearly define their origin, identify drivers of disease propagation, and develop novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 389-409.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peptides Bearing Multiple Post-Translational Modifications as Antigenic Targets for Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413290. [PMID: 34948087 PMCID: PMC8707147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that are of paramount importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Proteins resulting from post-translational modifications (PTMs) are capable of triggering autoimmune responses important for the development of RA. In this work, we investigate serum antibody reactivity in patients with an established RA against a panel of chimeric peptides derived from fibrin and filaggrin proteins and bearing from one to three PTMs (citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation) by home-designed ELISA tests (anti-AMPA autoantibodies). The role of anti-AMPAs as biomarkers linked to the presence of a more severe RA phenotype (erosive disease with radiological structural damage) and to the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a severe extra-articular manifestation in RA patients entailing a high mortality, was also analyzed. In general, the association with the clinical phenotype of RA was confirmed with the different autoantibodies, and especially for IgA and IgM isotypes. The prevalence of severe joint damage was only statistically significant for the IgG isotype when working with the peptide bearing three PTMs. Furthermore, the median titers were significantly higher in patients with RA-ILD, a finding not observed for the IgG isotype when working with the single- and double-modified peptides.
Collapse
|
6
|
Castellanos-Moreira R, Rodriguez-Garcia SC, Cabrera-Villalba S, Gomara MJ, Salvador G, Ruiz-Esquide V, Ramirez J, Inciarte-Mundo J, Morla R, Garcia-Moreno C, Cuervo A, Gómez-Puerta JA, Cañete JD, Haro I, Sanmarti R. Anti-carbamylated protein antibody isotype pattern differs between palindromic rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20978139. [PMID: 33354232 PMCID: PMC7734508 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20978139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A restricted response against citrullinated peptides/proteins, with less isotype usage, has been found in palindromic rheumatism (PR) in comparison with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that this different antibody response may be observed for other post-translational modified proteins. We compared the prevalence and isotype usage of two specificities of anti-carbamylated peptide/protein antibodies (Anti-CarP) in patients with PR and RA. Methods Cross-sectional study including 54 patients with pure PR and 53 patients with RA, matched by sex, age, disease duration and ACPA. Anti-CarP specificities were determined by home-made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests using a synthetic chimeric fibrin/filaggrin homocitrullinated peptide (CFFHP) and fetal calf serum (FCS) homocitrullinated protein as antigens. IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes were measured. Results Anti-CarP were positive (CFFHP or FCS) in 24% and 64% of patients with PR and RA, respectively (p < 0.005). All Anti-CarP isotype proportions were significantly lower in PR than in RA: Anti-CarP-IgG (24% versus 51%), Anti-CarP-IgA (7% versus 34%) and Anti-CarP-IgM (7% versus 36%). Mean titers of Anti-CarP isotypes were also lower in PR. In Anti-CarP positive patients, the isotype distribution differed between PR and RA: IgG Anti-CarP was used in all PR patients and in 79% of RA patients. By contrast, a significantly lower isotype usage of both IgA (31% versus 53%) and IgM (31% versus 56%) was observed in PR patients. No significant differences in clinical or demographic characteristics were observed according to Anti-CarP status in PR patients, except for a higher prevalence of ACPA and higher mean titers of ACPA and rheumatoid factor in Anti-CarP positive patients. Conclusion Anti-CarP are found in patients with PR but in a lower proportion and with a different isotype usage from in RA, suggesting a distinct B cell response to homocitrullinated antigens in PR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María José Gomara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Salvador
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Mutua Tarrasa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Esquide
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramirez
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Inciarte-Mundo
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Morla
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Moreno
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cuervo
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A. Gómez-Puerta
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D. Cañete
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castellanos-Moreira R, Rodríguez-García SC, Gomara MJ, Ruiz-Esquide V, Cuervo A, Casafont-Solé I, Ramírez J, Holgado S, Gómez-Puerta JA, Cañete JD, Haro I, Sanmarti R. Anti-carbamylated proteins antibody repertoire in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of a new autoantibody linked to interstitial lung disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:587-594. [PMID: 32156708 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (Anti-CarP) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study including RA patients fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. The main population comprised two groups: (1) RA patients diagnosed with RA-ILD (RA-ILD group); (2) RA patients without ILD (non-ILD RA group). Non-ILD RA patients in whom ILD was suspected underwent a diagnostic work-up and, if ILD was diagnosed, were switched to the RA-ILD group. ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography and confirmed by a multidisciplinary committee. An independent replication sample was also obtained. Three Anti-CarP IgG autoantibodies against fetal calf serum (Anti-FCS), fibrinogen (Anti-Fib) and chimeric fibrine/filagrine homocitrullinated peptide (Anti-CFFHP) and one Anti-CarP IgA against FCS (Anti-FCS-IgA) were determined by home-made ELISA. Associations between Anti-CarP and ILD were analysed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted by smoking, sex, age, RA disease duration, rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies. RESULTS We enrolled 179 patients: 37 (21%) were finally diagnosed with RA-ILD. Anti-CarP specificities were more frequent in RA-ILD patients (Anti-FCS 70% vs 43%; Anti-Fib 73% vs 51%; Anti-CFFHP 38% vs 19%; Anti-CarP-IgA 51% vs 20%, p<0.05 for all comparisons). Serum titers of Anti-CarP were significantly higher in RA-ILD patients. Anti-CarP specificities showed a robust effect towards increasing the odds of ILD in the multivariate analysis (Anti-FCS (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.13 to 10.40), Anti-Fib (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 0.83 to 9.70), Anti-CFFHP (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.06 to 9.14) and Anti-FCS-IgA (OR: 4.30; 95% CI: 1.41 to 13.04)). Similar findings were observed in the replication sample. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CarP were strongly associated with ILD. The role of homocitrullination in RA-ILD merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Jose Gomara
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, CSIC-IQAC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Esquide
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cuervo
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julio Ramírez
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Holgado
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose A Gómez-Puerta
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, CSIC-IQAC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmarti
- Rheumatology Department, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma M, Damgaard D, Senolt L, Svensson B, Bay-Jensen AC, Nielsen CH, Hägglund P. Expanding the citrullinome of synovial fibrinogen from rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103484. [PMID: 31408709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is a post-translational protein modification, which is associated with inflammation in general and is thought to play an important pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was applied to identify citrullination sites in synovial fluid fibrinogen from four RA patients. In general, high disease activity correlated with increased number of identified citrullination sites and higher relative citrulline occupancy. Altogether, 23 sites were identified, of which 9 have not been previously reported to be citrullinated in vivo. Citrullination at site α84, α123, α129, α547, α573, α591, β334 and γ134 was identified in more than one patient, and these positions were therefore regarded as hotspots. Following citrullination of fibrinogen in vitro using human recombinant peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2), a total of 46 citrullination sites were identified, including 6 hitherto unreported in vitro citrullination sites. Twenty-two out of the 23 citrullination sites identified in vivo were also detected in vitro, supporting the validity of the identifications. SIGNIFICANCE: This work provides information about previously uncharacterized citrullination sites in synovial fluid fibrinogen from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Detection of these novel citrullination sites may prove to have diagnostic or prognostic value in RA and enhance our understanding of the immune pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
García-Moreno C, Gómara MJ, Bleda MJ, Sanmartí R, Haro I. Development of a multiplex assay based on chimeric citrullinated peptides as proof of concept for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215927. [PMID: 31048864 PMCID: PMC6497438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs) are the most specific serological biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They have both diagnostic and prognostic value, and are related to more aggressive joint disease in RA. However, a single biomarker cannot differentiate RA subtypes. So, simultaneous analysis of target citrullinated peptides, using a multiplex array based on chimeric peptides composed of several domains of human proteins, could be useful. In this work, eight chimeric peptides and the corresponding native arginine-containing control peptides were obtained by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The study included RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients attending the Rheumatology Unit of the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, as well as healthy blood donors (BD) at the same hospital. Our main aim was to explore the diagnostic value of the novel multiplex array compared to a commercial ELISA-based ACPA assay in a serum-saving way. Using the combination of the eight chimeric peptide antigens in the multiplex array, 61.4% of the RA cohort were positive for 3 or more peptides; while, the healthy BD and PsA cohorts did not show any reactivity with the tested peptides. These results indicate that we have developed a highly specific multiplex assay based of chimeric citrullinated peptides derived from filaggrin, fibrin, vimentin and human enolase proteins for the detection of ACPAs in a serum-saving way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Moreno
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Bleda
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comparative study of the diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric citrullinated synthetic peptides and CCP3/CCP3.1 assays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:285-293. [PMID: 28850543 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic yield of home-made ELISA tests based on synthetic chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated peptides (CFFCPs) with CCP3 and CCP3.1 commercial tests to detect anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The prognostic value is also studied in a cohort of patients with early RA. Moreover, we transfer immunological assays from microtiter plates to microarray formats to allow the simultaneous analysis of several peptide sequences and reduce the volume of serum from patients. METHODS The diagnostic study includes: 100 RA patients who fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria; 100 healthy blood donors; 35 patients with SLE according ACR criteria; 35 patients with PsA fulfilling the Wright and Moll criteria and 30 patients with HCV infection. The prognostic value study includes 50 patients with early RA with follow-up data available. All samples are from outpatients attending the Rheumatology Department of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. RESULTS Similar sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis of RA of CCFCPs compared to CCP3/CCP3.1 were obtained. Although a high concordance is observed between anti-CFFCPs and anti-CCP3/CCP3.1 in the early patients that rendered Larsen radiographic progression, CFFCPs could be a better marker of radiographic outcome. Strong correlations between the microarray and ELISA results were found for individual CFFCPs peptides. CONCLUSIONS The development of multiplexing techniques combining a different spectrum of markers in a single analysis, including CFFCP peptides, could allow a more detailed analysis of the autoantibodies reactivity found in the sera of patients suffering of this heterogeneous disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai ZW, Wang ZH, Dong YY, Wu Y, Wang HL, Wang DG, Wang B, Ye DQ. Diagnostic value of anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibody in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:599-607. [PMID: 30729755 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the overall diagnostic value of anti-citrullinated fibrinogen (ACF) antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Published studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, China Biology Medicine (CBM) disc, and Chinese VIP databases. QUADAS-2 tool was applied to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test was used to evaluate for the presence of publication bias. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio of ACF were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.57-0.64), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92-0.94), 9.33 (95% CI: 5.15-16.92), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.30-0.53) and 24.58 (95% CI: 11.47-52.64), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.8018. The results of subgroup analysis and meta-regression indicated that the factors we analyzed might not be the leading causes of heterogeneity. No significant publication bias was found. CONCLUSION The ACF antibody had a moderate diagnostic accuracy on RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schrimpf A, Brödje D, Pfefferle P, Geyer A. A set of conformationally well-defined L/D-peptide epitopes provides a serological bar code for autoantibody subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201735. [PMID: 30075018 PMCID: PMC6075753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Which conformational parameters lead to an antibody-affine peptide antigen? And in how many different conformations can we actually present the respective conformational epitope? To provide answers from a chemical point of view, we direct the bending and tethering of peptide backbones by the utilisation of a hydrophobic cluster, disulfides, and d-amino acids. Each mutation is employed pairwise on directly opposite sides of a β-hairpin. In combination, these synthetic modules guide the formation of complementary β-sheet-like structures, whereby the oppositely configured (l/d-)bi-disulfide pairs form with high regioselectivity. The conformational properties of the peptides are assessed by NMR spectroscopy and correlated with their antibody affinity in ELISA. From a pool of thus designed peptide antigens with distinctive complementary affinities against known rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibodies, we select a set of epitopes for an immunoassay with sera of RA patients. We want to put emphasis on the idea, that the different conformational properties of the chosen antigens, containing the same epitope sequence, are mirrored in the distribution of autoantibody subtypes (or of the antibody polyclonality, respectively). Such directly comparable information can only be delivered by a set of peptides, rather than a single one. The hairpin-restriction technology of l/d-configured bi-disulfide amino acid pairs is not limited to RA but applicable to other shape-persistent hairpin motifs which are supposed to identify subgroups of protein receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schrimpf
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dörte Brödje
- Department of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cabrera-Villalba S, Gomara MJ, Cañete JD, Ramírez J, Salvador G, Ruiz-Esquide V, Hernández MV, Inciarte-Mundo J, Haro I, Sanmartí R. Differing specificities and isotypes of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies in palindromic rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:141. [PMID: 28619044 PMCID: PMC5472877 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze differences in the recognition of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) citrullinated epitopes and isotypes in patients with palindromic rheumatism (PR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods ACPA fine specificities (citrullinated peptides of enolase, fibrin, and vimentin) and isotypes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were analyzed in 54 patients with longstanding PR and 54 patients with established RA. Results CCP2 tested positive in 66.7% of patients with PR and RA. The ACPA distribution of fine specificities and isotypes differed between PR and RA patients. PR patients had a lower frequency of fine ACPA specificities than RA patients, which was significant in the case of a peptide derived from vimentin (PR 24.1% vs. 59.3% RA; p < 0.001). The mean number of ACPA specificities was lower in PR than in RA patients, and only 25.9% of PR patients recognized ≥2 additional specificities compared with 46.3% of RA patients. Significantly less isotype usage, especially IgA, was observed in PR patients. Conclusion The ACPA immune response differed in patients with PR and RA, with fewer fine specificities and isotype usage in patients with PR. Some patients with PR may have impaired maturation of the B-cell response against citrullinated peptides with no progression to RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cabrera-Villalba
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Gomara
- Unidad de Síntesis y Aplicaciones Biomédicas de Péptidos, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramírez
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Ruiz-Esquide
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Hernández
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Inciarte-Mundo
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unidad de Síntesis y Aplicaciones Biomédicas de Péptidos, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmartí
- Unidad de Artritis, Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Joshua V, Schobers L, Titcombe PJ, Israelsson L, Rönnelid J, Hansson M, Catrina AI, Pruijn GJM, Malmström V. Antibody responses to de novo identified citrullinated fibrinogen peptides in rheumatoid arthritis and visualization of the corresponding B cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:284. [PMID: 27906052 PMCID: PMC5133744 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA can appear before disease onset and target many self-antigens. Citrullinated fibrin/fibrinogen represents a classical ACPA target antigen, and mass spectrometry of RA synovial fluid reveals elevated citrullinated (cit) fibrinogen (Fib) peptides compared to non-RA controls. We investigated the extent to which these less-studied peptides represent autoantibody targets and sought to visualize the corresponding cit-Fib-reactive B cells in RA patients. METHODS An in-house ELISA was established against four cit-Fib α-subunit peptides (cit-Fib α-35; cit-Fib α-216,218; cit-Fib α-263,271 and cit-Fib α-425,426) and serum from patients with established RA (n = 347) and disease controls with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 236) were analyzed. RA patients were genotyped for HLA-DR alleles, PTPN22 R620W and screened for anti-CCP2 and cit-Fib protein antibodies. The cit-Fib peptides were also used to assemble antigen tetramers to identify cit-Fib-reactive B cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequencies of autoantibodies against different cit-Fib epitopes in RA patients compared to PsA/AS patients were: cit-Fib α-35 (RA 20%, vs PsA/AS 1%); cit-Fib α-216,218 (13% vs 0.5%); cit-Fib α-263,271 (21% vs 0.5%) and cit-Fib α-425,426 (17% vs 1%). The presence of autoantibodies against these peptides was associated with presence of anti-CCP2 and anti-cit-Fib protein antibodies. No association was found between HLA-DR shared epitope and antibodies to the different cit-Fib peptides. However, association was observed between the PTPN22 risk allele and positivity to cit-Fib α-35 and cit-Fib α-263,271. B cells carrying surface Ig reactive to these cit-Fib peptides were found in RA peripheral blood and these tend to be more common in PTPN22 risk allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that several cit-Fib peptides are targeted by autoantibodies in RA, but not in PsA/AS, implicating that these are not due to arthritis but more specific for RA etiology. The RA-associated anti-cit protein response is broad with many parallel immune responses. The association between cit-Fib autoantibodies and the PTPN22 R620W risk allele supports the hypothesis of altered B cell regulation, such as autoreactive B cells evading tolerance checkpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loes Schobers
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Philip J Titcombe
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pozsgay J, Babos F, Uray K, Magyar A, Gyulai G, Kiss É, Nagy G, Rojkovich B, Hudecz F, Sármay G. In vitro eradication of citrullinated protein specific B-lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients by targeted bifunctional nanoparticles. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:15. [PMID: 26780830 PMCID: PMC4718042 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoreactive B cells are crucial players in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Autoantibodies specific for citrullinated proteins (ACPA), present in the serum of approximately 60-70 % of patients, have a pathogenic role in the disease. B cell depleting therapies may result in a transient immunosuppression, increasing the risk of infections. Our aim was to develop a new therapeutic approach to selectively deplete the ACPA producing autoreactive B cells. METHODS To target B cells synthetic citrullinated peptide derived from the β chain of fibrin, β60-74Cit 60,72,74 (β60-74Cit), the predominant epitope recognized by ACPA was used. Complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was induced by a modified peptide derived from gp120 of HIV-1. To trigger CDC both the targeting peptide and the complement activating peptide were covalently coupled in multiple copies to the surface of poly (DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs). Ex vivo antibody synthesis was examined by ELISA and ELISpot. CDC was tested after dead cell staining by flow cytometry. RESULTS The β60-74Cit peptide was selectively recognized by a small subset of B cells from RA patients having high level of peptide specific serum antibody, suggesting that the peptide can target diseased B cells. The modified gp120 peptide covalently coupled to NPs induced the formation of the complement membrane attack complex, C5b-9 in human serum. We show here for the first time that bifunctional NPs coupled to multiple copies of both the targeting peptide and the complement activating effector peptide on their surface significantly reduce β60-74Cit peptide specific ex vivo ACPA production, by inducing complement dependent lysis of the citrullinated peptide specific B cells of seropositive RA patients. CONCLUSIONS Bifunctional NPs covalently coupled to autoantigen epitope peptide and to a lytic peptide activating complement may specifically target and deplete the peptide specific autoreactive B-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Pozsgay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina Babos
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Uray
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Anna Magyar
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Gyulai
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God, Budapest, 1023, Hungary.
| | - Bernadette Rojkovich
- Department of Rheumatology, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God, Budapest, 1023, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trier NH, Dam CE, Olsen DT, Hansen PR, Houen G. Contribution of Peptide Backbone to Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody Reactivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144707. [PMID: 26657009 PMCID: PMC4684344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 1–2% of the world population. One of the characteristic features of RA is the presence of autoantibodies. Especially the highly specific anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), which have been found in up to 70% of RA patients’ sera, have received much attention. Several citrullinated proteins are associated with RA, suggesting that ACPAs may react with different sequence patterns, separating them from traditional antibodies, whose reactivity usually is specific towards a single target. As ACPAs have been suggested to be involved in the development of RA, knowledge about these antibodies may be crucial. In this study, we examined the influence of peptide backbone for ACPA reactivity in immunoassays. The antibodies were found to be reactive with a central Cit-Gly motif being essential for ACPA reactivity and to be cross-reactive between the selected citrullinated peptides. The remaining amino acids within the citrullinated peptides were found to be of less importance for antibody reactivity. Moreover, these findings indicated that the Cit-Gly motif in combination with peptide backbone is essential for antibody reactivity. Based on these findings it was speculated that any amino acid sequence, which brings the peptide into a properly folded structure for antibody recognition is sufficient for antibody reactivity. These findings are in accordance with the current hypothesis that structural homology rather than sequence homology are favored between citrullinated epitopes. These findings are important in relation to clarifying the etiology of RA and to determine the nature of ACPAs, e.g. why some Cit-Gly-containing sequences are not targeted by ACPAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Catharina Essendrup Dam
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Tange Olsen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Paul Robert Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Development of synthetic anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and its arthritogenic role. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e51. [PMID: 26682058 PMCID: PMC4673436 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to develop a novel anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and to investigate its arthritogenicity in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The novel ACPA, 12G1, was developed by injecting cyclic citrullinated antigen in mice and subsequently hybridizing the B cells producing citrullinated peptide-specific antibodies with a myeloma cell line. The arthritic joints of mice with CIA and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) as well as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout (KO) mice were stained immunohistochemically using the 12G1 antibody. Confocal immunostaining was used to identify colocalization of 12G1 with various citrullinated proteins. 12G1 in the presence or absence of chelating beads was administered to CIA mice on days 21 and 28 after type II collagen (CII) immunization to investigate 12G1 arthritogenecity. 12G1 detected citrullinated proteins in the arthritic joints of all the experimental arthritis models used. Confocal immunostaining showed that 12G1 was colocalized with well-known citrullinated proteins, including vimentin, collagen, anti-immunoglobulin binding protein and fibronectin. Staining of citrullinated proteins using 12G1 was more diffuse in CIA mice compared with CAIA and IL-1Ra KO mice. 12G1 injection apparently acted as a booster of immunization in CIA mice in combination with a single CII immunization, with this effect being abolished when 12G1 was injected with chelating beads. The novel ACPA, 12G1, identified various citrullinated proteins in the arthritic joints of three experimental arthritis models. 12G1-treated mice developed arthritis following a single CII immunization, suggesting an arthritogenic potential for ACPA in CIA mice.
Collapse
|
18
|
A cyclic GB virus C derived peptide with anti-HIV-1 activity targets the fusion peptide of HIV-1. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:589-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
19
|
Domènech O, Ortiz A, Pujol M, Haro I, Muñoz M, Alsina M, Prat J, Busquets M, Girona V. Modification of FP-HIV activity by peptide sequences of GB virus C: A biophysical approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1274-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Differences in synovial fluid cytokine levels but not in synovial tissue cell infiltrate between anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibody-positive and -negative rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R182. [PMID: 24485167 PMCID: PMC3978623 DOI: 10.1186/ar4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Comparative data on synovial cell infiltrate and cytokine levels in anti citrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA)-positive and ACPA negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are scarce. Our aim was to analyze synovial cell infiltrate and synovial fluid (SF) levels of cytokines in patients with RA according to the presence or absence of ACPA in serum. Methods A cross-sectional study in a single center including consecutive RA patients was performed. Patients were defined as 'ACPA negative' if serum was negative to two different ACPAs [second generation commercial anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP2) and chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated antibodies]. Parallel synovial tissue (ST) biopsies and SF were obtained by knee arthroscopy. Synovial cell infiltrate and endothelial cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and SF levels of Th1, Th2, Th17 and pro-inflammatory cytokines by Quantibody(R) Human Array. Results A total of 83 patients underwent arthroscopy, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 12 years, and mean disease duration of 45 months (interquartile range, IQR 10.8 to 122). 62% were female and 77% were ACPA positive. No significant differences were found in clinical variables, acute phase reactants, synovial cell infiltrate or lymphoid neogenesis (LN) between ACPA positive and negative patients. However ACPA positive patients had significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17 F and CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL-20) than ACPA negative patients. Conclusions In our cohort of patients with RA no significant differences were found in synovial cell infiltrate or synovial LN according to ACPA status. However, ACPA positive patients had higher levels of T-cell derived and pro-inflammatory cytokines than ACPA negative patients. As systemic and local inflammation was similar in the two groups, these findings support a distinct synovial physiopathology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yan X. Screening citrullinated proteins in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis using 2-dimensional western blotting. J Rheumatol 2012; 40:219-27. [PMID: 23242181 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Citrullination, a reaction converting arginine residue into citrulline residue, is essential for autoimmunity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted 2-dimensional Western blot analyses (2-D WB) to screen for novel citrullinated proteins in synovial tissues from patients with RA. METHODS Total proteins were extracted from the synovial membranes of patients with RA (n = 10) and pooled. Four identical 2-D electrophoresis (2-DE) gels were prepared, and 2 gels were transblotted to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes that were separately probed with sera from patients with RA (n = 10) or an anticitrulline antibody. The protein profiles of the 2-DE gels were compared with the hybridization results on a global level. The immunoreactive protein spots were collected from the 2-DE gels and identified using mass spectrometry. Proteins that were detected by both RA sera and anticitrulline antibody were considered citrullinated proteins. The result was confirmed through routine WB, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA. Autoantibodies against these potential antigens were also examined in the blood of patients with RA by ELISA. RESULTS RA sera and the anticitrulline antibody on 2-D WB detected α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), dynein heavy-chain 3, fibrinogen β chain, keratin type II cuticular Hb4 (KRT84), lumican, tubulin β-chain (TUBB), and vimentin. A1AT, KRT84, and TUBB had high expression in the synovial membranes (n = 5) of patients with RA and A1AT and KRT84 had high expression in RA synovial fluids (n = 40). A1AT, KRT84, and TUBB immunoprecipitated from synovial tissues showed citrullination. A high level of autoantibodies against KRT84 was detected in the blood of patients with RA (n = 92) compared to that of healthy controls (n = 92). CONCLUSION Our study identified some new citrullinated proteins in RA synovial tissues using 2-D WB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center and the Orthopedic Surgery Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates: solid-phase synthesis under acidic conditions and use in ELISA assays. Molecules 2012; 17:13825-43. [PMID: 23174899 PMCID: PMC6268656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we used solid-phase methods to prepare oligonucleotides carrying fibrin/ filaggrin citrullinated peptides. Post-synthetic conjugation protocols were successfully applied for the synthesis of oligonucleotides carrying small peptides. A stepwise protocol using acid treatment for the final deprotection allowed the preparation of polypyrimidine oligonucleotides carrying longer and arginine-rich peptides. An ELISA-based test using the oligonucleotide-citrullinated peptide conjugates was developed for the detection of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies in human serum from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
Trier NH, Leth ML, Hansen PR, Houen G. Cross-reactivity of a human IgG₁ anticitrullinated fibrinogen monoclonal antibody to a citrullinated profilaggrin peptide. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1929-41. [PMID: 23076998 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune rheumatic disease. It is characterized by persistent joint inflammation, resulting in loss of joint function, morbidity and premature mortality. The presence of antibodies against citrullinated proteins is a characteristic feature of RA and up to 70% of RA patients are anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive. ACPA responses have been widely studied and are suggested to be heterogeneous, favoring antibody cross-reactivity to citrullinated proteins. In this study, we examined factors that may influence cross-reactivity between a commercial human anticitrullinated fibrinogen monoclonal antibody and a citrullinated peptide. Using a citrullinated profilaggrin sequence (HQCHQEST- Cit-GRSRGRCGRSGS) as template, cyclic and linear truncated peptide versions were tested for reactivity to the monoclonal antibody. Factors such as structure, peptide length and flanking amino acids were found to have a notable impact on antibody cross-reactivity. The results achieved contribute to the understanding of the interactions between citrullinated peptides and ACPA, which may aid in the development of improved diagnostics of ACPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kobylyansky AG, Nekrasov AN, Kozlova VI, Sandin MY, Alikhanov BA, Demkin VV. Detection of new epitopes of antibodies to filaggrin in filaggrin protein molecule. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:615-8. [PMID: 22462059 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic characteristics of filaggrin protein molecule as an antigen for antibodies to filaggrin, markers of early rheumatoid arthritis, were studied. Two new peptide motives, possible epitopes for antibodies to filaggrin, were shown in the filaggrin molecule by predictive analysis using programmed algorithms. Only IMG-3 and its cyclic form IMG-4 exhibited antigenic reactivity with sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients, differing significantly from the reactivity with donor sera. The immunogenic characteristics of IMG-3 differed from the characteristics of a previously described epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Kobylyansky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The discovery, in 2006, that loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are the cause of ichthyosis vulgaris-the most common disorder of keratinization-and also a strong genetic risk factor for atopic eczema, marked a significant breakthrough in the understanding of eczema pathogenesis. Subsequent investigations of the role of FLG-null mutations have identified a series of significant associations with atopic disease phenotypes, including atopic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and peanut allergy. However, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the precise mechanisms by which deficiency of an intracellular protein expressed primarily in the differentiating epidermis may contribute to the development of cutaneous and systemic pathology. This review aims to highlight the key milestones in filaggrin research over the past 25 years, to discuss the mechanistic, clinical, and therapeutic implications, and to consider possible future directions for ongoing investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Brown
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malakoutikhah M, Gómara MJ, Gómez-Puerta JA, Sanmartí R, Haro I. The use of chimeric vimentin citrullinated peptides for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7486-92. [PMID: 21981664 DOI: 10.1021/jm200563u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and, in many cases, destruction of the joints. To prevent progressive and irreversible structural damage, early diagnosis of RA is of paramount importance. The present study addresses the search of new RA citrullinated antigens that could supplement or complement diagnostic/prognostic existing tests. With this aim, the epitope anticitrullinated vimentin antibody response was mapped using synthetic peptides. To improve the sensitivity/specificity balance, a vimentin peptide that was selected, and its cyclic analogue, were combined with fibrin- and filaggrin-related peptides to render chimeric peptides. Our findings highlight the putative application of these chimeric peptides for the design of RA diagnosis systems and imply that more than one serological test is required to classify RA patients based on the presence or absence of ACPAs. Each of the target molecules reported here (fibrin, vimentin, filaggrin) has a specific utility in the identification of a particular subset of RA patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
de Gracia Villa M, Jiménez-Jorquera C, Haro I, Gomara MJ, Sanmartí R, Fernández-Sánchez C, Mendoza E. Carbon nanotube composite peptide-based biosensors as putative diagnostic tools for rheumatoid arthritis. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Iobagiu C, Magyar A, Nogueira L, Cornillet M, Sebbag M, Arnaud J, Hudecz F, Serre G. The antigen specificity of the rheumatoid arthritis-associated ACPA directed to citrullinated fibrin is very closely restricted. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:263-72. [PMID: 21872430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The major targets of the disease-specific autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are borne by the citrullinated α- and β-chains of fibrin. We demonstrated that ACPA target a limited set of citrullinated fibrin peptides and particularly four multicitrullinated peptides which present the major epitopes. In this study, we established the clear immunodominance of the peptides α36-50Cit(38,42) and β60-74Cit(60,72,74) which were recognised by 51/81 (63%) and 61/81 (75%) of ACPA-positive patients, respectively, more than 90% recognising one, the other or both peptides. We also identified the citrullyl residues αCit(42), βCit(72) and βCit(74) as essential for antigenicity, and at a lesser degree αCit(38). Then, we assayed on overlapping 7-mer peptides encompassing the sequences of the two peptides, 3 series of sera recognising either α36-50Cit(38,42) or β60-74Cit(60,72,74) or both peptides. In each series, the reactivity profiles of the sera, largely superimposable, allowed identification of the two 4/5-mer overlapping epitopes (α: VECit(42)HQ and α': Cit(38)VVE), and the single 5-mer epitope (β: GYCit(72)ACit(74)), all located to a flexible globular domain of fibrin on a topological 3D model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that only 3 immunodominant epitopes are targeted by ACPA on citrullinated fibrin stressing their actual oligoclonality. However, the reactivity to the 3 epitopes distinguishes three subgroups of patients. The closely restricted antigen specificity suggests that the autoimmune reaction to citrullinated fibrin is antigen-driven. The accessibility of the epitopes reinforces the hypothesis of a pathogenic role for ACPA via immune complexe formation in the synovial tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Iobagiu
- Laboratory of "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", UMR 5165 CNRS-Toulouse III University, Purpan Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Darrah E, Rosen A, Giles JT, Andrade F. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2, 3 and 4 have distinct specificities against cellular substrates: novel insights into autoantigen selection in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 71:92-8. [PMID: 21859690 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2011.151712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the relationship between autoantigen citrullination and different peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Citrullinated autoantigens were identified by immunoblotting control and ionomycin-activated human primary neutrophil lysate with RA sera. Autoantigen identity and citrullination sites were defined by mass spectrometry. PAD isoenzyme expression in human neutrophils was determined by immunoblotting. PAD substrate specificity was addressed in HL-60 cell lysates co-incubated with human recombinant PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4. RESULTS Although prominent protein citrullination is observed in ionomycin-activated neutrophils, RA sera only recognised a limited number of these citrullinated molecules. Among these, the authors identified that β and γ-actins are citrullinated on at least 10 arginine residues, generating a novel 47 kDa species that is frequently recognised by RA autoantibodies. Interestingly, the authors showed that the PAD enzymes expressed in human neutrophils (ie, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4) have unique substrate specificities, independent of their subcellular distribution. Thus, only PAD2 was able to citrullinate native β/γ-actin, while histone H3 was only citrullinated by PAD4. CONCLUSION These studies identified β and γ-actins as novel citrullinated autoantigens in RA, allowing enzyme specificity against intracellular substrates to be addressed. The studies provide evidence that PAD enzymes have the intrinsic capacity to select unique protein targets. The authors propose that unique PAD specificity may play a role in autoantigen selection in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Darrah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gilliam BE, Reed MR, Chauhan AK, Dehlendorf AB, Moore TL. Evidence of fibrinogen as a target of citrullination in IgM rheumatoid factor-positive polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011; 9:8. [PMID: 21439056 PMCID: PMC3071779 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have noted the significance of measuring anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as an important indicator for destructive disease, as is the case in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the role of anti-CCP antibodies in RA and JIA has become better understood, the identity of the target proteins of this modification has remained elusive. In this study, we evaluated serum from patients with various subtypes of JIA to investigate the presence of anti-deiminated (citrullinated) fibrinogen and anti-citrullinated α-enolase antibodies, and their association with RF and anti-CCP antibody isotypes. METHODS Sera were obtained from 96 JIA patients, 19 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and 10 healthy children. All sera were measured for antibodies against citrullinated and native fibrinogen and α-enolase by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, all sera were assayed for anti-CCP antibody isotypes and rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes by ELISA. The relationship between anti-citrullinated fibrinogen and anti-α-enolase antibodies and disease activity and joint damage were also investigated. All results were correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify which variables were associated with joint erosions and diagnosis of JIA. RESULTS Thirty-one JIA patients (32%) demonstrated reactivity to citrullinated fibrinogen and 9 (9%) to citrullinated α-enolase. Reactivity to citrullinated fibrinogen and α-enolase was predominantly found in IgM RF-positive polyarthritis patients. Fourteen JIA patients reacted with native α-enolase and a higher percentage of SLE patients reacted with citrullinated α-enolase when compared to JIA patients. Anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies correlated with the presence of IgG anti-CCP antibodies and IgA and IgM RF. The presence of anti-citrullinated α-enolase antibodies correlated with IgA anti-CCP antibodies. IgG anti-CCP antibodies were significantly associated with joint damage and anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies were strongly associated with JIA when compared to control groups. Anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies demonstrated high sensitivity (81%) for IgM RF-positive polyarticular JIA. IgG anti-CCP antibodies had the highest specificity (95%) for JIA, with anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies, IgA anti-CCP antibodies and IgA RF all following at 84%. CONCLUSIONS JIA patient sera exhibited strong reactivity to anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for JIA, primarily in IgM RF-positive polyarthritis patients. Fibrinogen is one of several protein targets for citrullination in JIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Gilliam
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Melinda R Reed
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Anil K Chauhan
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Amanda B Dehlendorf
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Terry L Moore
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Room 211A Doisy Hall, 1402 South Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haro I, Gómara MJ, Pérez ML, Viñas O, Ercilla G, Gómez-Puerta JA, Sanmartí R. Antibodies against β-fibrin synthetic peptides: a study of their association with the immunogenetic background and disease course of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1095-102. [PMID: 21295379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have shown the potential application for the diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients with a severe disease course of an epitopic domain of β-fibrin. The aim of the present work was the analysis of the presence of antibodies against several β-fibrin synthetic peptides in relation to the immunogenetic background and disease course in a clinically well-defined RA patient cohort. Our results indicated that positive patients against anti-β-fibrin synthetic peptides have a higher percentage of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) than negative patients. We also observed that the presence of SE alleles was significantly associated with a higher level of anti-[Cit(376)]βfib(365-383) antibodies. When analyzing the effect of different SE alleles, we found a significant positive association between carriers of QRRAA allele and [Cit(376)]βfib(365-383) (Odds ratio 3.77; CI95%: 1.41-10.08). These results suggest that the anti-β-fibrin status is associated with the immunogenetic background of RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mapping of citrullinated fibrinogen B-cell epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis by imaging surface plasmon resonance. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R219. [PMID: 21182780 PMCID: PMC3046532 DOI: 10.1186/ar3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently involves the loss of tolerance to citrullinated antigens, which may play a role in pathogenicity. Citrullinated fibrinogen is commonly found in inflamed synovial tissue and is a frequent target of autoantibodies in RA patients. To obtain insight into the B-cell response to citrullinated fibrinogen in RA, its autoepitopes were systematically mapped using a new methodology. METHODS Human fibrinogen was citrullinated in vitro by peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD), subjected to proteolysis and the resulting peptides were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. The peptide composition of the citrullinated peptide-containing fractions was determined by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The recognition of these fractions by patient sera was subsequently analyzed by imaging surface plasmon resonance on microarrays. RESULTS In total about two-thirds of the 81 arginines of human fibrinogen were found to be susceptible to citrullination by the human PAD2, the human PAD4 or the rabbit PAD2 enzymes. Citrullination sites were found in all three polypeptide chains of fibrinogen, although the α-chain appeared to contain most of them. The analysis of 98 anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive RA sera using the new methodology allowed the identification of three major citrullinated epitope regions in human fibrinogen, two in the α- and one in the β-chain. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive overview of citrullination sites in human fibrinogen was generated. The multiplex analysis of peptide fractions derived from a post-translationally modified protein, characterized by mass spectrometry, with patient sera provides a versatile system for mapping modified amino acid-containing epitopes. The citrullinated epitopes of human fibrinogen most efficiently recognized by RA autoantibodies are confined to three regions of its polypeptides.
Collapse
|
33
|
Uysal H, Nandakumar KS, Kessel C, Haag S, Carlsen S, Burkhardt H, Holmdahl R. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins: molecular interactions and arthritogenicity. Immunol Rev 2010; 233:9-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
34
|
Ho PP, Lee LY, Zhao X, Tomooka BH, Paniagua RT, Sharpe O, BenBarak MJ, Chandra PE, Hueber W, Steinman L, Robinson WH. Autoimmunity against fibrinogen mediates inflammatory arthritis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:379-90. [PMID: 19949094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune synovitis characterized by the presence of anticitrullinated protein Abs, although the exact targets and role of anticitrullinated protein autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA remain to be defined. Fibrinogen, which can be citrullinated, has recently emerged as a candidate autoantigen. To determine whether autoimmunity against fibrinogen can mediate inflammatory arthritis, we immunized a variety of common mouse strains with fibrinogen and found that DBA/1 and SJL mice developed an inflammatory and erosive arthritis. Mice with fibrinogen-induced arthritis (FIA) possess fibrinogen-reactive T cells that produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. FIA can be adoptively transferred with either plasma or fibrinogen-specific T cells from diseased mice. Mice with FIA possess rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide Abs, all of which are characteristic of human RA. These observations demonstrate that fibrinogen is arthritogenic in mice and that the pathogenesis of FIA is mediated by both autoantibodies and fibrinogen-reactive T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy P Ho
- Department of Neurological and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanmartí R, Graell E, Perez ML, Ercilla G, Viñas O, Gómez-Puerta JA, Gratacós J, Balsa A, Gómara MJ, Larrosa M, Cañete JD, Haro I. Diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated synthetic peptides in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R135. [PMID: 19725967 PMCID: PMC2787276 DOI: 10.1186/ar2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that citrullinated fibrin(ogen) may be a potential in vivo target of anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We compared the diagnostic yield of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests by using chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated synthetic peptides (CFFCP1, CFFCP2, CFFCP3) with a commercial CCP2-based test in RA and analyzed their prognostic values in early RA. METHODS Samples from 307 blood donors and patients with RA (322), psoriatic arthritis (133), systemic lupus erythematosus (119), and hepatitis C infection (84) were assayed by using CFFCP- and CCP2-based tests. Autoantibodies also were analyzed at baseline and during a 2-year follow-up in 98 early RA patients to determine their prognostic value. RESULTS With cutoffs giving 98% specificity for RA versus blood donors, the sensitivity was 72.1% for CFFCP1, 78.0% for CFFCP2, 71.4% for CFFCP3, and 73.9% for CCP2, with positive predictive values greater than 97% in all cases. CFFCP sensitivity in RA increased to 80.4% without losing specificity when positivity was considered as any positive anti-CFFCP status. Specificity of the three CFFCP tests versus other rheumatic populations was high (> 90%) and similar to those for the CCP2. In early RA, CFFCP1 best identified patients with a poor radiographic outcome. Radiographic progression was faster in the small subgroup of CCP2-negative and CFFCP1-positive patients than in those negative for both autoantibodies. CFFCP antibodies decreased after 1 year, but without any correlation with changes in disease activity. CONCLUSIONS CFFCP-based assays are highly sensitive and specific for RA. Early RA patients with anti-CFFCP1 antibodies, including CCP2-negative patients, show greater radiographic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Sanmartí
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|