1
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Paulus J, Sewald N. Small molecule- and peptide-drug conjugates addressing integrins: A story of targeted cancer treatment. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3561. [PMID: 38382900 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment should avoid side effects and damage to healthy cells commonly encountered during traditional chemotherapy. By combining small molecule or peptidic ligands as homing devices with cytotoxic drugs connected by a cleavable or non-cleavable linker in peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) or small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), cancer cells and tumours can be selectively targeted. The development of highly affine, selective peptides and small molecules in recent years has allowed PDCs and SMDCs to increasingly compete with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Integrins represent an excellent target for conjugates because they are overexpressed by most cancer cells and because of the broad knowledge about native binding partners as well as the multitude of small-molecule and peptidic ligands that have been developed over the last 30 years. In particular, integrin αVβ3 has been addressed using a variety of different PDCs and SMDCs over the last two decades, following various strategies. This review summarises and describes integrin-addressing PDCs and SMDCs while highlighting points of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Paulus
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Slack RJ, Macdonald SJF, Roper JA, Jenkins RG, Hatley RJD. Emerging therapeutic opportunities for integrin inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:60-78. [PMID: 34535788 PMCID: PMC8446727 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion and signalling proteins crucial to a wide range of biological functions. Effective marketed treatments have successfully targeted integrins αIIbβ3, α4β7/α4β1 and αLβ2 for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease/multiple sclerosis and dry eye disease, respectively. Yet, clinical development of others, notably within the RGD-binding subfamily of αv integrins, including αvβ3, have faced significant challenges in the fields of cancer, ophthalmology and osteoporosis. New inhibitors of the related integrins αvβ6 and αvβ1 have recently come to the fore and are being investigated clinically for the treatment of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The design of integrin drugs may now be at a turning point, with opportunities to learn from previous clinical trials, to explore new modalities and to incorporate new findings in pharmacological and structural biology. This Review intertwines research from biological, clinical and medicinal chemistry disciplines to discuss historical and current RGD-binding integrin drug discovery, with an emphasis on small-molecule inhibitors of the αv integrins. Integrins are key signalling molecules that are present on the surface of subsets of cells and are therefore good potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, Hatley and colleagues discuss the development of integrin inhibitors, particularly the challenges in developing inhibitors for integrins that contain an αv-subunit, and suggest how these challenges could be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R G Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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3
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Lazarovici P, Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI. From Snake Venom's Disintegrins and C-Type Lectins to Anti-Platelet Drugs. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050303. [PMID: 31137917 PMCID: PMC6563238 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are attractive natural sources for drug discovery and development, with a number of substances either in clinical use or in research and development. These drugs were developed based on RGD-containing snake venom disintegrins, which efficiently antagonize fibrinogen activation of αIIbβ3 integrin (glycoprotein GP IIb/IIIa). Typical examples of anti-platelet drugs found in clinics are Integrilin (Eptifibatide), a heptapeptide derived from Barbourin, a protein found in the venom of the American Southeastern pygmy rattlesnake and Aggrastat (Tirofiban), a small molecule based on the structure of Echistatin, and a protein found in the venom of the saw-scaled viper. Using a similar drug discovery approach, linear and cyclic peptides containing the sequence K(R)TS derived from VP12, a C-type lectin protein found in the venom of Israeli viper venom, were used as a template to synthesize Vipegitide, a novel peptidomimetic antagonist of α2β1 integrin, with anti-platelet activity. This review focus on drug discovery of these anti-platelet agents, their indications for clinical use in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention based on several clinical trials, as well as their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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4
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Adorno-Cruz V, Liu H. Regulation and functions of integrin α2 in cell adhesion and disease. Genes Dis 2018; 6:16-24. [PMID: 30906828 PMCID: PMC6411621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that are composed of an alpha (α) subunit and a beta (β) subunit with affinity for different extracellular membrane components. The integrin family includes 24 known members that actively regulate cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Each integrin heterodimer has a particular function in defined contexts as well as some partially overlapping features with other members in the family. As many reviews have covered the general integrin family in molecular and cellular studies in life science, this review will focus on the specific regulation, function, and signaling of integrin α2 subunit (CD49b, VLA-2; encoded by the gene ITGA2) in partnership with β1 (CD29) subunit in normal and cancer cells. Its roles in cell adhesion, cell motility, angiogenesis, stemness, and immune/blood cell regulations are discussed. The pivotal role of integrin α2 in many diseases such as cancer suggests its potential to be used as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Adorno-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pharmacology Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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5
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Pharmacological characterisation of a tool αvβ1 integrin small molecule RGD-mimetic inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:239-247. [PMID: 30389632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compound 8 is a selective αvβ1 small molecule inhibitor that has been used in pre-clinical studies to identify and characterise the αvβ1 integrin as a potential target in fibrotic disease. In this study we further investigated the selectivity and pharmacokinetics of compound 8 to determine a link between the levels of αvβ1 engagement required to achieve in vivo pharmacodynamic efficacy. The selectivity of compound 8 for the arginyl-glycinyl-aspartic acid and β1 integrins was measured using purified integrin protein preparations in radioligand binding studies with both labelled ([3H]compound 8) and unlabelled versions. The pharmacokinetic profile of compound 8 was completed in in vitro blood protein binding assays and in in vivo studies using male C57BL/6 mouse following i.v. dosing. The high selectivity of compound 8 for αvβ1 over the other αv integrins was confirmed, however a reduced selectivity was demonstrated for the β1 integrin family, with high affinity observed for α4β1 (comparable to αvβ1), moderate affinity for α2β1, α3β1 and α8β1, and low affinity for α5β1 and α9β1. Compound 8 was shown to be cleared quickly from the blood with a short half-life of 0.5 h. In conclusion, the data in this study suggest that compound 8 has the potential to engage a number of integrins in vivo beyond αvβ1, that raises a degree of uncertainty regarding its mechanism of action in models of fibrotic disease.
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6
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. An αv-RGD Integrin Inhibitor Toolbox: Drug Discovery Insight, Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3298-3321. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
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7
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. Ein Instrumentarium von αv-RGD-Integrin-Inhibitoren: Wirkstoffsuche, Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
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8
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Sanchez EF, Flores-Ortiz RJ, Alvarenga VG, Eble JA. Direct Fibrinolytic Snake Venom Metalloproteinases Affecting Hemostasis: Structural, Biochemical Features and Therapeutic Potential. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120392. [PMID: 29206190 PMCID: PMC5744112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are predominant in viperid venoms, which provoke hemorrhage and affect hemostasis and thrombosis. P-I class enzymes consist only of a single metalloproteinase domain. Despite sharing high sequence homology, only some of them induce hemorrhage. They have direct fibrin(ogen)olytic activity. Their main biological substrate is fibrin(ogen), whose Aα-chain is degraded rapidly and independently of activation of plasminogen. It is important to understand their biochemical and physiological mechanisms, as well as their applications, to study the etiology of some human diseases and to identify sites of potential intervention. As compared to all current antiplatelet therapies to treat cardiovascular events, the SVMPs have outstanding biochemical attributes: (a) they are insensitive to plasma serine proteinase inhibitors; (b) they have the potential to avoid bleeding risk; (c) mechanistically, they are inactivated/cleared by α2-macroglobulin that limits their range of action in circulation; and (d) few of them also impair platelet aggregation that represent an important target for therapeutic intervention. This review will briefly highlight the structure–function relationships of these few direct-acting fibrinolytic agents, including, barnettlysin-I, isolated from Bothrops barnetti venom, that could be considered as potential agent to treat major thrombotic disorders. Some of their pharmacological advantages are compared with plasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renzo J Flores-Ortiz
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil.
| | - Valeria G Alvarenga
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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9
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Reed NI, Tang YZ, McIntosh J, Wu Y, Molnar KS, Civitavecchia A, Sheppard D, DeGrado WF, Jo H. Exploring N-Arylsulfonyl-l-proline Scaffold as a Platform for Potent and Selective αvβ1 Integrin Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:902-907. [PMID: 27774126 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One small molecule inhibitor of αvβ1 integrin, c8, shows antifibrotic effects in multiple in vivo mouse models. Here we synthesized c8 analogues and systematically investigate their structure-activity relationships (SAR) in αvβ1 integrin inhibition. N-Phenylsulfonyl-l-homoproline analogues of c8 maintained excellent potency against αvβ1 integrin while retaining good selectivity over other RGD integrins. In addition, 2-aminopyridine or cyclic guanidine analogues were shown to be equally potent to c8. A rigid phenyl linker increased the potency compared to c8, but the selectivity over other RGD integrins diminished. These results can provide further insights on design of αvβ1 integrin inhibitors as antifibrotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Isik Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94153, United States
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Joel McIntosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yibing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kathleen S. Molnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Annafelicia Civitavecchia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94153, United States
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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10
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Nissinen L, Rappu P, Ollikka P, Nieminen J, Marjamäki A, Heino J. Platelet response to a small molecule inhibitor of α2β1 integrin is associated with ITGA2 C807T dimorphism. Platelets 2015; 27:378-80. [PMID: 26556301 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1095877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the collagen receptor, α2β1 integrin, on platelets of ITGA2 807T-allele carriers has been identified as a risk factor for thromboembolic conditions, and α2β1 inhibitors are considered to be potential therapeutic agents. In 59 genotyped individuals, we measured α2 expression levels on platelets and analyzed platelet adhesion to collagen under flow conditions. A sulfonamide-type small-molecule inhibitor of α2β1 integrin decreased average platelet adhesion in individuals with the C/T807T genotype but not in those harboring C807C. Thus, genotype can be used to select a human subpopulation that has the highest probability of showing a positive response to α2β1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Nissinen
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,b BioTie Therapies Corp ., Turku , Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | | | | | - Anne Marjamäki
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,b BioTie Therapies Corp ., Turku , Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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11
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Nissinen L, Ojala M, Langen B, Dost R, Pihlavisto M, Käpylä J, Marjamäki A, Heino J. Sulfonamide inhibitors of α2β1 integrin reveal the essential role of collagen receptors in in vivo models of inflammation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00146. [PMID: 26171226 PMCID: PMC4492762 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of α2β1 integrin, a major cellular collagen receptor, have been reported to inhibit platelet function, kidney injury, and angiogenesis. Since α2β1 integrin is abundantly expressed on various inflammation-associated cells, we tested whether recently developed α2β1 blocking sulfonamides have anti-inflammatory properties. Integrin α2β1 inhibitors were shown to reduce the signs of inflammation in arachidonic acid-induced ear edema, PAF stimulated air pouch, ovalbumin-induced skin hypersensitivity, adjuvant arthritis, and collagen-induced arthritis. Thus, these sulfonamides are potential drugs for acute and allergic inflammation, hypersensitivity, and arthritis. One sulfonamide with potent anti-inflammatory activity has previously been reported to be selective for activated integrins, but not to inhibit platelet function. Thus, the experiments also revealed fundamental differences in the action of nonactivated and activated α2β1 integrins in inflammation when compared to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku 20014, Turku, Finland ; Biotie Therapies Corp Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Rita Dost
- BioTie Therapies GmbH Radebeul, Germany
| | | | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Marjamäki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku 20014, Turku, Finland ; Biotie Therapies Corp Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku 20014, Turku, Finland
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12
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Momic T, Katzhendler J, Shai E, Noy E, Senderowitz H, Eble JA, Marcinkiewicz C, Varon D, Lazarovici P. Vipegitide: a folded peptidomimetic partial antagonist of α2β1 integrin with antiplatelet aggregation activity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:291-304. [PMID: 25609915 PMCID: PMC4294129 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s72844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear peptides containing the sequence WKTSRTSHY were used as lead compounds to synthesize a novel peptidomimetic antagonist of α2β1 integrin, with platelet aggregation-inhibiting activity, named Vipegitide. Vipegitide is a 13-amino acid, folded peptidomimetic molecule, containing two α-aminoisobutyric acid residues at positions 6 and 8 and not stable in human serum. Substitution of glycine and tryptophan residues at positions 1 and 2, respectively, with a unit of two polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules yielded peptidomimetic Vipegitide-PEG2, stable in human serum for over 3 hours. Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 showed high potency (7×10(-10) M and 1.5×10(-10) M, respectively) and intermediate efficacy (40% and 35%, respectively) as well as selectivity toward α2 integrin in inhibition of adhesion of α1/α2 integrin overexpressing cells toward respective collagens. Interaction of both peptidomimetics with extracellular active domain of α2 integrin was confirmed in cell-free binding assay with recombinant α2 A-domain. Integrin α2β1 receptor is found on the platelet membrane and triggers collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 inhibited α2β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of human and murine platelets under the flow condition, by 50%. They efficiently blocked adenosine diphosphate- and collagen I-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma and whole human blood. Higher potency of Vipegitide than Vipegitide-PEG2 is consistent with results of computer modeling of the molecules in water. These peptidomimetic molecules were acutely tolerated in mice upon intravenous bolus injection of 50 mg/kg. These results underline the potency of Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 molecules as platelet aggregation-inhibiting drug lead compounds in antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Momic
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jehoshua Katzhendler
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Noy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Cao B, Hutt OE, Zhang Z, Li S, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Smith JA, Haylock DN, Savage GP, Nilsson SK. Design, synthesis and binding properties of a fluorescent α₉β₁/α₄β₁ integrin antagonist and its application as an in vivo probe for bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:965-78. [PMID: 24363056 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The α9β1 and α4β1 integrin subtypes are expressed on bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells and have important roles in stem cell regulation and trafficking. Although the roles of α4β1 integrin have been thoroughly investigated with respect to HSC function, the role of α9β1 integrin remains poorly characterised. Small molecule fluorescent probes are useful tools for monitoring biological processes in vivo, to determine cell-associated protein localisation and activation, and to elucidate the mechanism of small molecule mediated protein interactions. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and integrin-dependent cell binding properties of a new fluorescent α9β1 integrin antagonist (R-BC154), which was based on a series of N-phenylsulfonyl proline dipeptides and assembled using the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Using transfected human glioblastoma LN18 cells, we show that R-BC154 exhibits high nanomolar binding affinities to α9β1 integrin with potent cross-reactivity against α4β1 integrin under physiological mimicking conditions. On-rate and off-rate measurements revealed distinct differences in the binding kinetics between α9β1 and α4β1 integrins, which showed faster binding to α4β1 integrin relative to α9β1, but more prolonged binding to the latter. Finally, we show that R-BC154 was capable of binding rare populations of bone marrow haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells when administered to mice. Thus, R-BC154 represents a useful multi-purpose fluorescent integrin probe that can be used for (1) screening small molecule inhibitors of α9β1 and α4β1 integrins; (2) investigating the biochemical properties of α9β1 and α4β1 integrin binding and (3) investigating integrin expression and activation on defined cell phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cao
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton Sth MDC, VIC 3169, Australia.
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14
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Momic T, Katzehendler J, Benny O, Lahiani A, Cohen G, Noy E, Senderowitz H, Eble JA, Marcinkiewicz C, Lazarovici P. Vimocin and vidapin, cyclic KTS peptides, are dual antagonists of α1β1/α2β1 integrins with antiangiogenic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:506-19. [PMID: 24939421 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtustatin and viperistatin, members of the disintegrin protein family, served as lead compounds for the synthesis of linear and cyclic peptides containing the KTS binding motif. The most active linear peptide, a viperistatin analog, indicated the importance of Cys(19) and Cys(29), as well as the presence of Arg at position 24 for their biologic activity, and was used as the basic sequence for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Vimocin (compound 6) and vidapin (compound 10) showed a high potency (IC50 = 0.17 nM) and intermediate efficacy (20 and 40%) in inhibition of adhesion of α1/α2 integrin overexpressor cells to respective collagens. Vimocin was more active in inhibition of the wound healing (53%) and corneal micropocket (17%) vascularization, whereas vidapin was more potent in inhibition of migration in the Matrigel tube formation assay (90%). Both compounds similarly inhibited proliferation (50-90%) of endothelial cells, and angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (80%) and glioma (55%) in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. These peptides were not toxic to endothelial cell cultures and caused no acute toxicity upon intravenous injection in mice, and were stable for 10-30 hours in human serum. The in vitro and in vivo potency of the peptides are consistent with conformational ensembles and "bioactive" space shared by obtustatin and viperistatin. These findings suggest that vimocin and vidapin can serve as dual α1β1/α2β1 integrin antagonists in antiangiogenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Momic
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Jehoshua Katzehendler
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Ofra Benny
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Adi Lahiani
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Gadi Cohen
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Efrat Noy
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Johannes A Eble
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.M., J.K., O.B., A.L., G.C., P.L.); Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.); Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (E.N., H.S.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt, Germany (J.A.E.); and Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.)
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15
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Anil Kumar KS, Misra A, Siddiqi TI, Srivastava S, Jain M, Bhatta RS, Barthwal M, Dikshit M, Dikshit DK. Synthesis and identification of chiral aminomethylpiperidine carboxamides as inhibitor of collagen induced platelet activation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:456-72. [PMID: 24859764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of chiral lactam carboxamides of aminomethylpiperidine were synthesized and investigated for the collagen induced in vitro anti-platelet efficacy and collagen plus epinephrine induced in vivo pulmonary thromboembolism. The compound 31a (30 μM/kg) displayed a remarkable antithrombotic efficacy (60% protection) which was sustained for more than 24 h and points to its excellent bioavailability. The compounds 31a (IC50 = 6.6 μM) and 32a (IC50 = 37 μM), as well as their racemic mixture 28i (IC50 = 16 μM) significantly inhibited collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro. Compound 34c displayed dual mechanism of action against both collagen (IC50 = 3.3 μM) and U46619 (IC50 = 2.7 μM) induced platelet aggregation. The pharmacokinetic study of 31a indicated very faster absorption, prolonged and constant systemic exposure and thereby exhibiting better therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Anil Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Tanveer Irshad Siddiqi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Stuti Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Manoj Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
| | - Dinesh K Dikshit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec-10, Janakipuram Ext., Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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16
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Kapp TG, Rechenmacher F, Sobahi TR, Kessler H. Integrin modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 23:1273-95. [PMID: 24050747 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.818133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors, which enable adhesion, proliferation, and migration of cells by recognizing binding motifs in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. As transmembrane linkers between the cytoskeleton and the ECM, they are able to recruit a huge variety of proteins and to influence signaling pathways bidirectionally, thereby regulating gene expression and cell survival. Hence, integrins play a key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes, which has turned them into an attractive target for pharmaceutical research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest therapeutic developments of drug candidates and recently patented integrin ligands are summarized. EXPERT OPINION Integrins have been proven to be valuable therapeutic targets in the treatment of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, where leukocyte adhesion processes are regulated by them. Furthermore, they play an important role in pathological angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, being a promising target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Kapp
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching , Germany
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17
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Qiu L, Wang D, Lv F, Guo X, Hu W, Yang L, Liu S. Three-component reactions based on trapping ammonium ylides with N-sulfonyl aldimines via cooperative catalysis of squaramides and Rh2(OAc)4. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Nissinen L, Koivunen J, Käpylä J, Salmela M, Nieminen J, Jokinen J, Sipilä K, Pihlavisto M, Pentikäinen OT, Marjamäki A, Heino J. Novel α2β1 integrin inhibitors reveal that integrin binding to collagen under shear stress conditions does not require receptor preactivation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44694-702. [PMID: 23132859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.309450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between α2β1 integrin (GPIa/IIa, VLA-2) and vascular collagen is one of the initiating events in thrombus formation. Here, we describe two structurally similar sulfonamide derivatives, BTT-3033 and BTT-3034, and show that, under static conditions, they have an almost identical effect on α2-expressing CHO cell adhesion to collagen I, but only BTT-3033 blocks platelet attachment under flow (90 dynes/cm(2)). Differential scanning fluorimetry showed that both molecules bind to the α2I domain of the recombinant α2 subunit. To further study integrin binding mechanism(s) of the two sulfonamides, we created an α2 Y285F mutant containing a substitution near the metal ion-dependent adhesion site motif in the α2I domain. The action of BTT-3033, unlike that of BTT-3034, was dependent on Tyr-285. In static conditions BTT-3034, but not BTT-3033, inhibited collagen binding by an α2 variant carrying a conformationally activating E318W mutation. Conversely, in under flow conditions (90 dynes/cm(2)) BTT-3033, but not BTT-3034, inhibited collagen binding by an α2 variant expressing E336A loss-of-function mutation. Thus, the binding sites for BTT-3033 and BTT-3034 are differentially available in distinct integrin conformations. Therefore, these sulfonamides can be used to study the biological role of different functional stages of α2β1. Furthermore, only the inhibitor that recognized the non-activated conformation of α2β1 integrin under shear stress conditions effectively blocked platelet adhesion, suggesting that the initial interaction between integrin and collagen takes place prior to receptor activation.
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20
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Abstract
The use of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models to address problems in drug discovery has a mixed history, generally resulting from the misapplication of QSAR models that were either poorly constructed or used outside of their domains of applicability. This situation has motivated the development of a variety of model performance metrics (r(2), PRESS r(2), F-tests, etc.) designed to increase user confidence in the validity of QSAR predictions. In a typical workflow scenario, QSAR models are created and validated on training sets of molecules using metrics such as Leave-One-Out or many-fold cross-validation methods that attempt to assess their internal consistency. However, few current validation methods are designed to directly address the stability of QSAR predictions in response to changes in the information content of the training set. Since the main purpose of QSAR is to quickly and accurately estimate a property of interest for an untested set of molecules, it makes sense to have a means at hand to correctly set user expectations of model performance. In fact, the numerical value of a molecular prediction is often less important to the end user than knowing the rank order of that set of molecules according to their predicted end point values. Consequently, a means for characterizing the stability of predicted rank order is an important component of predictive QSAR. Unfortunately, none of the many validation metrics currently available directly measure the stability of rank order prediction, making the development of an additional metric that can quantify model stability a high priority. To address this need, this work examines the stabilities of QSAR rank order models created from representative data sets, descriptor sets, and modeling methods that were then assessed using Kendall Tau as a rank order metric, upon which the Shannon entropy was evaluated as a means of quantifying rank-order stability. Random removal of data from the training set, also known as Data Truncation Analysis (DTA), was used as a means for systematically reducing the information content of each training set while examining both rank order performance and rank order stability in the face of training set data loss. The premise for DTA ROE model evaluation is that the response of a model to incremental loss of training information will be indicative of the quality and sufficiency of its training set, learning method, and descriptor types to cover a particular domain of applicability. This process is termed a "rank order entropy" evaluation or ROE. By analogy with information theory, an unstable rank order model displays a high level of implicit entropy, while a QSAR rank order model which remains nearly unchanged during training set reductions would show low entropy. In this work, the ROE metric was applied to 71 data sets of different sizes and was found to reveal more information about the behavior of the models than traditional metrics alone. Stable, or consistently performing models, did not necessarily predict rank order well. Models that performed well in rank order did not necessarily perform well in traditional metrics. In the end, it was shown that ROE metrics suggested that some QSAR models that are typically used should be discarded. ROE evaluation helps to discern which combinations of data set, descriptor set, and modeling methods lead to usable models in prioritization schemes and provides confidence in the use of a particular model within a specific domain of applicability.
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Koivunen JT, Nissinen L, Käpylä J, Jokinen J, Pihlavisto M, Marjamäki A, Heino J, Huuskonen J, Pentikäinen OT. Fluorescent Small Molecule Probe to Modulate and Explore α2β1 Integrin Function. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14558-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Jokinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
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22
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Modeling the molecular basis for α4β1 integrin antagonism. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5903-11. [PMID: 21889349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3D QSAR study of almost 300 structurally diverse small molecule antagonists of the integrin α4β1 whose biological activity spans six orders of magnitude. The alignment of the molecules was based on the conformation of a structurally related ligand bound to the αIIBβ3 and αvβ3 integrins in X-ray crystallographic studies. The molecular field method, CoMSIA, was used to generate the 3D QSAR models. The resulting models showed that the lipophilic properties were the most important, with hydrogen bond donor and steric properties less relevant. The models were highly significant (r(2)=0.89, q2(LOO)=0.67, r(2) (test set)=0.76), and could make robust predictions of the data (SEE=0.46, SEP=0.78, SEP (test set)=0.66). We predicted the antagonist activities of a further ten compounds with useful accuracy. The model appears capable of predicting α4β1 integrin antagonist activity to within a factor of five for compounds within its domain of applicability. The implications for design of improved integrin antagonists will be discussed.
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23
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Viso A, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Tortosa M, García A, Flores A. Update 1 of: α,β-Diamino Acids: Biological Significance and Synthetic Approaches. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR1-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100127y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariola Tortosa
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Flores
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Koivunen JT, Nissinen L, Juhakoski A, Pihlavisto M, Marjamäki A, Huuskonen J, Pentikäinen OT. Blockage of collagen binding to integrin α2β1: structure–activity relationship of protein–protein interaction inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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San Antonio JD, Zoeller JJ, Habursky K, Turner K, Pimtong W, Burrows M, Choi S, Basra S, Bennett JS, DeGrado WF, Iozzo RV. A key role for the integrin alpha2beta1 in experimental and developmental angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1338-47. [PMID: 19700757 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The alpha2beta1 integrin receptor plays a key role in angiogenesis. Here we investigated the effects of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) designed to disrupt integrin alpha2 I or beta1 I-like domain function on angiogenesis. In unchallenged endothelial cells, fibrillar collagen induced robust capillary morphogenesis. In contrast, tube formation was significantly reduced by SMI496, a beta1 I-like domain inhibitor and by function-blocking anti-alpha2beta1 but not -alpha1beta1 antibodies. Endothelial cells bound fluorescein-labeled collagen I fibrils, an interaction specifically inhibited by SMI496. Moreover, SMI496 caused cell retraction and cytoskeletal collapse of endothelial cells as well as delayed endothelial cell wound healing. SMI activities were examined in vivo by supplementing the growth medium of zebrafish embryos expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 promoter. SMI496, but not a control compound, interfered with angiogenesis in vivo by reversibly inhibiting sprouting from the axial vessels. We further characterized zebrafish alpha2 integrin and discovered that this integrin is highly conserved, especially the I domain. Notably, a similar vascular phenotype was induced by morpholino-mediated knockdown of the integrin alpha2 subunit. By live videomicroscopy, we confirmed that the vessels were largely nonfunctional in the absence of alpha2beta1 integrin. Collectively, our results provide strong biochemical and genetic evidence of a central role for alpha2beta1 integrin in experimental and developmental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D San Antonio
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, 1020 Locust Street, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Small-molecule inhibitors of integrin alpha2beta1 that prevent pathological thrombus formation via an allosteric mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:719-24. [PMID: 19141632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811622106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a grave need for safer antiplatelet therapeutics to prevent heart attack and stroke. Agents targeting the interaction of platelets with the diseased vessel wall could impact vascular disease with minimal effects on normal hemostasis. We targeted integrin alpha(2)beta(1), a collagen receptor, because its overexpression is associated with pathological clot formation whereas its absence does not cause severe bleeding. Structure-activity studies led to highly potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors. Responses of integrin alpha(2)beta(1) mutants to these compounds are consistent with a computational model of their mode of inhibition and shed light on the activation mechanism of I-domain-containing integrins. A potent compound was proven efficacious in an animal model of arterial thrombosis, which demonstrates in vivo efficacy for inhibition of this platelet receptor. These results suggest that targeting integrin alpha(2)beta(1) could be a potentially safe, effective approach to long-term therapy for cardiovascular disease.
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27
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Valdramidou D, Humphries MJ, Mould AP. Distinct roles of beta1 metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS), adjacent to MIDAS (ADMIDAS), and ligand-associated metal-binding site (LIMBS) cation-binding sites in ligand recognition by integrin alpha2beta1. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32704-14. [PMID: 18820259 PMCID: PMC3329621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802066200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-ligand interactions are regulated in a complex manner by divalent cations, and previous studies have identified ligand-competent, stimulatory, and inhibitory cation-binding sites. In collagen-binding integrins, such as alpha2beta1, ligand recognition takes place exclusively at the alpha subunit I domain. However, activation of the alphaI domain depends on its interaction with a structurally similar domain in the beta subunit known as the I-like or betaI domain. The top face of the betaI domain contains three cation-binding sites: the metal-ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS), the ADMIDAS (adjacent to MIDAS), and LIMBS (ligand-associated metal-binding site). The role of these sites in controlling ligand binding to the alphaI domain has yet to be elucidated. Mutation of the MIDAS or LIMBS completely blocked collagen binding to alpha2beta1; in contrast mutation of the ADMIDAS reduced ligand recognition but this effect could be overcome by the activating monoclonal antibody TS2/16. Hence, the MIDAS and LIMBS appear to be essential for the interaction between alphaI and betaI, whereas occupancy of the ADMIDAS has an allosteric effect on the conformation of betaI. An activating mutation in the alpha2 I domain partially restored ligand binding to the MIDAS and LIMBS mutants. Analysis of the effects of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Mn(2+) on ligand binding to these mutants showed that the MIDAS is a ligand-competent site through which Mn(2+) stimulates ligand binding, whereas the LIMBS is a stimulatory Ca(2+)-binding site, occupancy of which increases the affinity of Mg(2+) for the MIDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Valdramidou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Dolle RE, Bourdonnec BL, Goodman AJ, Morales GA, Thomas CJ, Zhang W. Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:753-802. [PMID: 18991466 DOI: 10.1021/cc800119z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E. Dolle
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Bertrand Le Bourdonnec
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Allan J. Goodman
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Guillermo A. Morales
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Wei Zhang
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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