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Sun Y, He Q, Lv X, Zhang N, Yan W, Sun J, Zhuang L. Switchable Site-Selective Benzanilide C(sp 2)-H Bromination via Promoter Regulation. Molecules 2024; 29:2861. [PMID: 38930925 PMCID: PMC11206611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regioselective benzanilide bromination that generates either regioisomer from the same starting material is desirable. Herein, we develop switchable site-selective C(sp2)-H bromination by promoter regulation. This protocol leads to regiodivergent brominated benzanilide starting from the single substrate via selection of promoters. The protocol demonstrates excellent regioselectivity and good tolerance of functional groups with high yields. The utility effectiveness of this method has been well exemplified in the late-stage modification of biologically important molecules.
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2
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Alazemi AM, Dawood KM, Al-Matar HM, Tohamy WM. Microwave-assisted chemoselective synthesis and photophysical properties of 2-arylazo-biphenyl-4-carboxamides from hydrazonals. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25054-25068. [PMID: 37614785 PMCID: PMC10442861 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals with acetoacetanilide in an equimolar ratio, under DBU/1,4-dioxane/microwave irradiation reaction conditions, resulted in chemoselective formation of 4-arylazo-5-hydroxy-benzamide derivatives. The structures of the obtained biphenyl-4-carboxamides were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, MS and HRMS, and X-ray single crystals of three examples. The photophysical properties of the new products were also evaluated, with a particular focus on their absorption and emission spectra, which provided valuable information regarding their optical properties. The new compounds emitted 513-549 nm green fluorescence in acetone solution under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Alazemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait P.O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait +965 24816482
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556
| | - Hamad M Al-Matar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait P.O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait +965 24816482
| | - Wael M Tohamy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait P.O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait +965 24816482
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
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3
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Kesternich V, Pérez-Fehrmann M, Quezada V, Castroagudín M, Nelson R, Martínez R. A simple and efficient synthesis of N-[3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide, rafoxanide. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2023; 77:1-5. [PMID: 37362790 PMCID: PMC10176281 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of rafoxanide 6, a halogenated salicylanilide used as an efficient anthelmintic in sheep and cattle, is presented. Rafoxanide 6 was synthesized in only three steps from readily available 4-chlorophenol with 74% overall yield. The synthesis has two key stages: the first was salicylic acid iodination, adding iodine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which allowed obtaining a 95% yield. The second key stage was the reaction of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid 5 with aminoether 4, where salicylic acid chloride was formed in situ with PCl3 achieving 82% yield. Chemical characterization of both intermediates and final product was achieved through physical and spectroscopic (IR, NMR and MS) techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02846-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Kesternich
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Marcia Pérez-Fehrmann
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Víctor Quezada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mariña Castroagudín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ronald Nelson
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rolando Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
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4
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Gargantilla M, Persoons L, Kauerová T, del Río N, Daelemans D, Priego EM, Kollar P, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Hybridization Approach to Identify Salicylanilides as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:835. [PMID: 35890135 PMCID: PMC9318074 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The superimposition of the X-ray complexes of cyclohexanediones (i.e., TUB015), described by our research group, and nocodazole, within the colchicine binding site of tubulin provided an almost perfect overlap of both ligands. This structural information led us to propose hybrids of TUB015 and nocodazole using a salicylanilide core structure. Interestingly, salicylanilides, such as niclosamide, are well-established signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) inhibitors with anticancer properties. Thus, different compounds with this new scaffold have been synthesized with the aim to identify compounds inhibiting tubulin polymerization and/or STAT3 signaling. As a result, we have identified new salicylanilides (6 and 16) that showed significant antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells. Both compounds were able to reduce the levels of p-STAT3Tyr705 without affecting the total expression of STAT3. While compound 6 inhibited tubulin polymerization and arrested the cell cycle of DU145 cells at G2/M, similar to TUB015, compound 16 showed a more potent effect on inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and arrested the cell cycle at G1/G0, similar to niclosamide. In both cases, no toxicity towards PBMC cells was detected. Thus, the salicylanilides described here represent a new class of antiproliferative agents affecting tubulin polymerization and/or STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gargantilla
- Instituto de Quimica Medica (IQM, CSIC) c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.); (N.d.R.); (E.-M.P.)
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Tereza Kauerová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Natalia del Río
- Instituto de Quimica Medica (IQM, CSIC) c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.); (N.d.R.); (E.-M.P.)
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Quimica Medica (IQM, CSIC) c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.); (N.d.R.); (E.-M.P.)
| | - Peter Kollar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - María-Jesús Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Quimica Medica (IQM, CSIC) c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.); (N.d.R.); (E.-M.P.)
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5
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A small molecule, C24H17ClN4O2S, inhibits the function of the type III secretion system in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:54. [PMID: 35380331 PMCID: PMC8982747 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans and food-producing animals. The type III secretion system (T3SS) has been known to be a potent virulence mechanism by injecting effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells. S. Typhimurium encodes two T3SSs by Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2. Previous studies showed that T3SS shared a potent virulence mechanism and molecular structure among several gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, T3SS has been identified as an attractive target in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections. Several studies reported that small-molecule compounds are able to inhibit functions of bacterial T3SSs. A small molecule, C24H17ClN4O2S, has been shown the ability to inhibit the activity of Yersinia pestis T3SS ATPase, YscN, resulting to block the secretion of effector proteins. In this study, we studied the effects and mechanism for SPI-1 T3SS inhibition of this compound in S. Typhimurium. Results We demonstrated that this compound prohibited the secretion of effector proteins from Salmonella via SPI-1 T3SS at 100 μM. As the result, bacterial invasion ability into epithelial cell cultures was reduced. In contrast with previous study, the C24H17ClN4O2S molecule did not inactivate the activity of SPI-1 T3SS ATPase, InvC, in Salmonella. However, we studied the global cellular effects of S. Typhimurium after being treated with this compound using a quantitative proteomic technique. These proteomic results showed that the main SPI-1 transcription regulator, InvF, and two effector proteins, SipA and SipC, were reduced in bacterial cells treated with the compound. Conclusions It may explain that action of the small-molecule compound, C24H17ClN4O2S, for blocking the secretion of SPI-1 T3SS in Salmonella is through inhibition of SPI-1 regulator, InvF, expression. Further studies are necessary to identify specific mechanisms for inhibition between this small-compound and InvF SPI-1 regulator protein.
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La M, Liu D, Chen X, Zhang FL, Zhou Y. Monodentate Transient Directing Group-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Direct ortho-C-H Iodination of Benzaldehydes for Total Synthesis of Hernandial. Org Lett 2021; 23:9184-9188. [PMID: 34787425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed direct o-C-H iodination of benzaldehydes was successfully developed with the assistance of commercially available 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline as the optimal monodentate transient directing group (MonoTDG). Moderate to excellent yields and good selectivity were achieved for a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. More importantly, the synthetic application was demonstrated by a concise two-step total synthesis of the natural product hernandial, which was accomplished by merging this new MonoTDG-assisted C-H iodination and subsequent copper-catalyzed cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming La
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.,Chemistry and Environment Engineering College, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 475000, People's Republic of China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Chemistry and Environment Engineering College, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 475000, People's Republic of China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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7
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Hotinger JA, Pendergrass HA, May AE. Molecular Targets and Strategies for Inhibition of the Bacterial Type III Secretion System (T3SS); Inhibitors Directly Binding to T3SS Components. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020316. [PMID: 33669653 PMCID: PMC7922566 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus used by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to cause infections. Pathogens utilizing a T3SS are responsible for millions of infections yearly. Since many T3SS knockout strains are incapable of causing systemic infection, the T3SS has emerged as an attractive anti-virulence target for therapeutic design. The T3SS is a multiprotein molecular syringe that enables pathogens to inject effector proteins into host cells. These effectors modify host cell mechanisms in a variety of ways beneficial to the pathogen. Due to the T3SS’s complex nature, there are numerous ways in which it can be targeted. This review will be focused on the direct targeting of components of the T3SS, including the needle, translocon, basal body, sorting platform, and effector proteins. Inhibitors will be considered a direct inhibitor if they have a binding partner that is a T3SS component, regardless of the inhibitory effect being structural or functional.
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Esterification of Salicylic acid with Succinylated Dextran Using ZrOCl2.8H2O over MCM-41: A Novel Strategy to Design Polysaccharide-Based Macromolecular Prodrugs. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Shchur IV, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Triandafilova GA, Maslova VV, Solodnikov SY, Krasnykh OP, Borisevich SS, Khursan SL, Saloutin VI. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-Cycloaminopolyfluorosalicylic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Shchur
- The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis; S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620990 Russia
| | - Evgenii V. Shchegolkov
- The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis; S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620990 Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Mira Str., 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Yanina V. Burgart
- The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis; S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620990 Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Mira Str., 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- The Russian Academy of Sciences; Ufa Institute of Chemistry; Octyabrya Av., 71 Ufa 450078 Russia
| | - Sergey L. Khursan
- The Russian Academy of Sciences; Ufa Institute of Chemistry; Octyabrya Av., 71 Ufa 450078 Russia
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis; S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620990 Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Mira Str., 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
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10
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Hakobyan S, Rzhepishevska O, Barbero DR, Ramstedt M. Functionalization of zwitterionic polymer brushes, do they remain antifouling? SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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The salicylidene acylhydrazide INP0341 attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in vitro and in vivo. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:937-943. [PMID: 28588224 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can be very hard to treat because of high resistance to different antibiotics and alternative treatment regimens are greatly needed. An alternative or a complement to traditional antibiotic is to inhibit virulence of the bacteria. The salicylidene acylhydrazide, INP0341, belongs to a class of compounds that has previously been shown to inhibit virulence in a number of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the virulence blocking effect of INP0341 on P. aeruginosa was studied in vitro and in vivo. Two important and closely related virulence system were examined, the type III secretion system (T3SS) that translocates virulence effectors into the cytosol of the host cell to evade immune defense and facilitate colonization and the flagella system, needed for motility and biofilm formation. INP0341 was shown to inhibit expression and secretion of the T3SS toxin exoenzyme S (ExoS) and to prevent bacterial motility on agar plates and biofilm formation. In addition, INP0341 showed an increased survival of P. aeruginosa-infected mice. In conclusion, INP0341 attenuates P. aeruginosa virulence.
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12
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Zapotoczna M, Boksmati N, Donohue S, Bahtiar B, Boland A, Somali HA, Cox A, Humphreys H, O'Gara JP, Brennan M, O'Neill E. Novel anti-staphylococcal and anti-biofilm properties of two anti-malarial compounds: MMV665953 {1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea} and MMV665807 {5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide}. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:377-387. [PMID: 28327271 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of device-related infections is challenging and current anti-microbial compounds have poor anti-biofilm activity. We aimed to identify and characterize novel compounds effective in the eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. METHODOLOGY Two novel compounds, MMV665953 {1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea} and MMV665807{5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide}, effective in killing S. aureus biofilms, were identified by screening of the open access 'malaria box' chemical library. The minimum bactericidal concentrations, half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values and minimal biofilm killing concentrations effective in the killing of biofilm were determined against meticillin-resistant S. aureus and meticillin-sensitive S. aureus. Fibrin-embedded biofilms were grown under in vivo-relevant conditions, and viability was measured using a resazurin-conversion assay and confocal microscopy. The potential for the development of resistance and cytotoxicity was also assessed. RESULTS MMV665953 and MMV665807 were bactericidal against S. aureus isolates. The IC50 against S. aureus biofilms was at 0.15-0.58 mg l-1 after 24 h treatment, whereas the concentration required to eradicate all tested biofilms was 4 mg l-1, making the compounds more bactericidal than conventional antibiotics. The cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes and primary endothelial cells was determined as IC50 7.47 and 0.18 mg l-1 for MMV665953, and as 1.895 and 0.076 mg l-1 for MMV665807. Neither compound was haemolytic nor caused platelet activation. MMV665953 and MMV665807 derivatives with reduced cytotoxicity exhibited a concomitant loss in anti-staphylococcal activity. CONCLUSION MMV665953 and MMV665807 are more bactericidal against S. aureus biofilms than currently used anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and represent a valuable structural basis for further investigation in the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zapotoczna
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nabila Boksmati
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Donohue
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baizurina Bahtiar
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Boland
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamzah Al Somali
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alysia Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P O'Gara
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marian Brennan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Lin S, Xian Y, Xun Z, Li S, Liu X, Du W, Huang J, Guo X, Dong H. Solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine seven halogenated salicylanilides in cosmetics. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of seven halogenated salicylanilides in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyu Lin
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Zhiqing Xun
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Siyan Li
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Xinjia Liu
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Weifeng Du
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Xindong Guo
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
| | - Hao Dong
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
- Guangzhou 511447
- China
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14
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Wu D, Ding W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang L. Oleanolic Acid Induces the Type III Secretion System of Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1466. [PMID: 26732647 PMCID: PMC4686671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, can naturally infect a wide range of host plants. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence determinant in this bacterium. Studies have shown that plant-derived compounds are able to inhibit or induce the T3SS in some plant pathogenic bacteria, though no specific T3SS inhibitor or inducer has yet been identified in R. solanacearum. In this study, a total of 50 different compounds were screened and almost half of them (22 of 50) significantly inhibited or induced the T3SS expression of R. solanacearum. Based on the strong induction activity on T3SS, the T3SS inducer oleanolic acid (OA) was chosen for further study. We found that OA induced the expression of T3SS through the HrpG-HrpB pathway. Some type III effector genes were induced in T3SS inducing medium supplemented with OA. In addition, OA targeted only the T3SS and did not affect other virulence determinants. Finally, we observed that induction of T3SS by OA accelerated disease progress on tobacco. Overall our results suggest that plant-derived compounds are an abundant source of R. solanacearum T3SS regulators, which could prove useful as tools to interrogate the regulation of this key virulence pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dousheng Wu
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing, China
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15
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McShan AC, De Guzman RN. The bacterial type III secretion system as a target for developing new antibiotics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 85:30-42. [PMID: 25521643 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in pathogens requires new targets for developing novel antibacterials. The bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) is an attractive target for developing antibacterials as it is essential in the pathogenesis of many Gram-negative bacteria. The T3SS consists of structural proteins, effectors, and chaperones. Over 20 different structural proteins assemble into a complex nanoinjector that punctures a hole on the eukaryotic cell membrane to allow the delivery of effectors directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Defects in the assembly and function of the T3SS render bacteria non-infective. Two major classes of small molecules, salicylidene acylhydrazides and thiazolidinones, have been shown to inhibit multiple genera of bacteria through the T3SS. Many additional chemically and structurally diverse classes of small molecule inhibitors of the T3SS have been identified as well. While specific targets within the T3SS of a few inhibitors have been suggested, the vast majority of specific protein targets within the T3SS remain to be identified or characterized. Other T3SS inhibitors include polymers, proteins, and polypeptides mimics. In addition, T3SS activity is regulated by its interaction with biologically relevant molecules, such as bile salts and sterols, which could serve as scaffolds for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C McShan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Charro N, Mota LJ. Approaches targeting the type III secretion system to treat or prevent bacterial infections. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:373-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1019860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Charro
- 1UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departmento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Luís Jaime Mota
- 2UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departmento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal ;
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Li J, Sun W, Guo Z, Lu C, Shen Y. Fusaric acid modulates Type Three Secretion System of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:455-9. [PMID: 24853802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural small-molecule products are promising lead compounds for developing a generation of novel antimicrobials agents to meet the challenge of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. To facilitate the search for novel anti-virulence agents, we chose a virulence factor of Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) as a drug target to screen candidates from a small-molecule library in our laboratory. This study demonstrated fusaric acid had dramatically inhibitory effects on secretion of Salmonella island 1 (SPI-1) effector proteins and invasion of Salmonella into HeLa cells. Moreover, fusaric acid had no inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and viability of host cells. Protein HilA is a key regulator of SPI-1 in Salmonella, which affects transcription of SPI-1 effectors and SPI-1 apparatus genes. In this study, fusaric acid (FA) did not affect secretion of SPI-1 effectors in HilA over-expressed strain, suggesting it did not affect the transcription of SPI-1. In addition, fusaric acid did not affect the protein level of apparatus protein PrgH in SPI-1 needle complex. As a result, we proposed fusaric acid had an inhibitory effect on SPI-1 probably depending on its influence on SicA/InvF. In summary, fusaric acid is a novel inhibitor of T3SS with potential for further developing novel anti-virulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhixing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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He D, Ma J, Shi X, Zhao C, Hou M, Guo Q, Ma S, Li X, Zhao P, Liu W, Yang Z, Mou J, Song P, Zhang Y, Li J. Design, Synthesis, and Potent Antiepileptic Activity with Latent Nerve Rehabilitation of Novel γ-Aminobutyric Acid Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:967-78. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian He
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Xiuxiao Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Meng Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Qingxin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Shangxian Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Peicheng Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Zhuqing Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Jianping Mou
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Pengfei Song
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University
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The resveratrol tetramer (-)-hopeaphenol inhibits type III secretion in the gram-negative pathogens Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81969. [PMID: 24324737 PMCID: PMC3853165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Society faces huge challenges, as a large number of bacteria have developed resistance towards many or all of the antibiotics currently available. Novel strategies that can help solve this problem are urgently needed. One such strategy is to target bacterial virulence, the ability to cause disease e.g., by inhibition of type III secretion systems (T3SSs) utilized by many clinically relevant gram-negative pathogens. Many of the antibiotics used today originate from natural sources. In contrast, most virulence-blocking compounds towards the T3SS identified so far are small organic molecules. A recent high-throughput screening of a prefractionated natural product library identified the resveratrol tetramer (-)-hopeaphenol as an inhibitor of the T3SS in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. In this study we have investigated the virulence blocking properties of (-)-hopeaphenol in three different gram-negative bacteria. (-)-Hopeaphenol was found to have micromolar activity towards the T3SSs in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cell-based infection models. In addition (-)-hopeaphenol reduced cell entry and subsequent intracellular growth of Chlamydia trachomatis.
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20
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Marshall NC, Finlay BB. Targeting the type III secretion system to treat bacterial infections. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:137-52. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.855199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Mariamma KC, Varghese HT, Panicker CY, John K, Vinsova J, Van Alsenoy C. Vibrational spectroscopic investigations and computational study of 5-chloro-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]phenyl acetate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 112:161-168. [PMID: 23666351 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimized molecular structure, vibrational frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 5-Chloro-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]phenyl acetate have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Gaussian09 software package. Potential energy distribution of the normal modes of the vibrations was done using GAR2PED program. The HOMO and LUMO analysis is used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interaction and charge delocalization have been analyzed using NBO analysis. The calculated geometrical parameters are in agreement with that of similar derivatives. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of nonlinear optics. The red shift of the NH stretching wave number in the IR spectrum with a strong intensity from the computed wave number indicates the weakening of the NH bond resulting in proton transfer to the neighboring oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Mariamma
- Department of Chemistry, M.E.S. College, Nedumkandam, Kerala, India.
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Cytosporone B, an inhibitor of the type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2191-8. [PMID: 23459474 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02421-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial virulence factors have been increasingly regarded as attractive targets for development of novel antibacterial agents. Virulence inhibitors are less likely to generate bacterial resistance, which makes them superior to traditional antibiotics that target bacterial viability. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an important food-borne human pathogen, has type III secretion system (T3SS) as its major virulence factor. T3SS secretes effector proteins to facilitate invasion into host cells. In this study, we identified several analogs of cytosporone B (Csn-B) that strongly block the secretion of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-associated effector proteins, without affecting the secretion of flagellar protein FliC in vitro. Csn-B and two other derivatives exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on SPI-1-mediated invasion to HeLa cells, while no significant toxicity to bacteria was observed. Nucleoid proteins Hha and H-NS bind to the promoters of SPI-1 regulator genes hilD, hilC, and rtsA to repress their expression and consequently regulate the expression of SPI-1 apparatus and effector genes. We found that Csn-B upregulated the transcription of hha and hns, implying that Csn-B probably affected the secretion of effectors through the Hha-H-NS regulatory pathway. In summary, this study presented an effective SPI-1 inhibitor, Csn-B, which may have potential in drug development against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella.
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Kang S, Min HJ, Kang MS, Jung MG, Kim S. Discovery of novel 2-hydroxydiarylamide derivatives as TMPRSS4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1748-51. [PMID: 23414802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TMPRSS4 is a novel type II transmembrane serine protease that has been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells. In this study, a novel series of 2-hydroxydiarylamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for inhibiting TMPRSS4 serine protease activity and suppressing cancer cell invasion. These derivatives demonstrated good inhibitory activity against TMPRSS4 serine protease, which correlated with the promising anti-invasive activity of colon cancer cells overexpressing TMPRSS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Kang
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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25
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Lee IY, Gruber TD, Samuels A, Yun M, Nam B, Kang M, Crowley K, Winterroth B, Boshoff HI, Barry CE. Structure-activity relationships of antitubercular salicylanilides consistent with disruption of the proton gradient via proton shuttling. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:114-26. [PMID: 23211970 PMCID: PMC3525752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of salicylanilides was synthesized based on a high-throughput screening hit against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A free phenolic hydroxyl on the salicylic acid moeity is required for activity, and the structure-activity relationship of the aniline ring is largely driven by the presence of electron withdrawing groups. We synthesized 94 analogs exploring substitutions of both rings and the linker region in this series and we have identified multiple compounds with low micromolar potency. Unfortunately, cytotoxicity in a murine macrophage cell line trends with antimicrobial activity, suggesting a similar mechanism of action. We propose that salicylanilides function as proton shuttles that kill cells by destroying the cellular proton gradient, limiting their utility as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Young Lee
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Jang-Dong100, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Todd D. Gruber
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amanda Samuels
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Minhan Yun
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Jang-Dong100, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Jang-Dong100, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kang
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Jang-Dong100, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathryn Crowley
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Benjamin Winterroth
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCID, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bldg. 33, Rm 2W20C, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Small molecule screening for inhibitors of the YopH phosphatase of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 954:357-63. [PMID: 22782782 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Chemical inhibitors of the type three secretion system: disarming bacterial pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:5433-41. [PMID: 22850518 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00975-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent and dramatic rise of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens underlies the fear that standard treatments for infectious disease will soon be largely ineffective. Resistance has evolved against nearly every clinically used antibiotic, and in the near future, we may be hard-pressed to treat bacterial infections previously conquered by "magic bullet" drugs. While traditional antibiotics kill or slow bacterial growth, an important emerging strategy to combat pathogens seeks to block the ability of bacteria to harm the host by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors. One such virulence factor, the type three secretion system (T3SS), is found in over two dozen Gram-negative pathogens and functions by injecting effector proteins directly into the cytosol of host cells. Without T3SSs, many pathogenic bacteria are unable to cause disease, making the T3SS an attractive target for novel antimicrobial drugs. Interdisciplinary efforts between chemists and microbiologists have yielded several T3SS inhibitors, including the relatively well-studied salicylidene acylhydrazides. This review highlights the discovery and characterization of T3SS inhibitors in the primary literature over the past 10 years and discusses the future of these drugs as both research tools and a new class of therapeutic agents.
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Derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline—antibacterial agents that target intra- and extracellular Gram-negative pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3550-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang D, Zetterström CE, Gabrielsen M, Beckham KSH, Tree JJ, Macdonald SE, Byron O, Mitchell TJ, Gally DL, Herzyk P, Mahajan A, Uvell H, Burchmore R, Smith BO, Elofsson M, Roe AJ. Identification of bacterial target proteins for the salicylidene acylhydrazide class of virulence-blocking compounds. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29922-31. [PMID: 21724850 PMCID: PMC3191033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of anti-virulence compounds, the salicylidene acylhydrazides, has been widely reported to block the function of the type three secretion system of several Gram-negative pathogens by a previously unknown mechanism. In this work we provide the first identification of bacterial proteins that are targeted by this group of compounds. We provide evidence that their mode of action is likely to result from a synergistic effect arising from a perturbation of the function of several conserved proteins. We also examine the contribution of selected target proteins to the pathogenicity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and to expression of virulence genes in Escherichia coli O157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Swietnicki W, Carmany D, Retford M, Guelta M, Dorsey R, Bozue J, Lee MS, Olson MA. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Yersinia pestis Type III secretion system YscN ATPase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19716. [PMID: 21611119 PMCID: PMC3097197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is a Gram negative zoonotic pathogen responsible for causing bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. The pathogen uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence factors directly from bacterium into host mammalian cells. The system contains a single ATPase, YscN, necessary for delivery of virulence factors. In this work, we show that deletion of the catalytic domain of the yscN gene in Y. pestis CO92 attenuated the strain over three million-fold in the Swiss-Webster mouse model of bubonic plague. The result validates the YscN protein as a therapeutic target for plague. The catalytic domain of the YscN protein was made using recombinant methods and its ATPase activity was characterized in vitro. To identify candidate therapeutics, we tested computationally selected small molecules for inhibition of YscN ATPase activity. The best inhibitors had measured IC50 values below 20 µM in an in vitro ATPase assay and were also found to inhibit the homologous BsaS protein from Burkholderia mallei animal-like T3SS at similar concentrations. Moreover, the compounds fully inhibited YopE secretion by attenuated Y. pestis in a bacterial cell culture and mammalian cells at µM concentrations. The data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting and inhibiting a critical protein transport ATPase of a bacterial virulence system. It is likely the same strategy could be applied to many other common human pathogens using type III secretion system, including enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, and Burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Swietnicki
- The Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Garner AL, Gloeckner C, Tricoche N, Zakhari JS, Samje M, Cho-Ngwa F, Lustigman S, Janda KD. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of closantel analogues: structural promiscuity and its impact on Onchocerca volvulus. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3963-72. [PMID: 21534605 DOI: 10.1021/jm200364n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 37 million people worldwide, primarily in Africa and Central and South America. We have disclosed evidence that the larval-stage-specific chitinase, OvCHT1, may be a potential biological target for affecting nematode development. On the basis of screening efforts, closantel, a known anthelmintic drug, was discovered as a potent and highly specific OvCHT1 inhibitor. Originally, closantel's anthelmintic mode of action was believed to rely solely on its role as a proton ionophore; thus, the impact of each of its biological activities on O. volvulus L3 molting was investigated. Structure-activity relationship studies on an active closantel fragment are detailed, and remarkably, by use of a simple salicylanilide scaffold, compounds acting only as protonophores or chitinase inhibitors were identified. From these data, unexpected synergistic protonophore and chitinase inhibition activities have also been found to be critical for molting in O. volvulus L3 larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Garner
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Investigating spectrum of biological activity of 4- and 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides. Molecules 2011; 16:2414-30. [PMID: 21403599 PMCID: PMC6259751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of twenty-two 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides and ten 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides is described. The compounds were analyzed using RP-HPLC to determine lipophilicity. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal strains. They were also evaluated for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. The compounds showed biological activity comparable with or higher than the standards isoniazid, fluconazole, penicillin G or ciprofloxacin. For all the compounds, the relationships between the lipophilicity and the chemical structure of the studied compounds as well as their structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Yin S, Davis RA, Shelper T, Sykes ML, Avery VM, Elofsson M, Sundin C, Quinn RJ. Pseudoceramines A–D, new antibacterial bromotyrosine alkaloids from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6755-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Krátký M, Vinšová J, Buchta V, Horvati K, Bösze S, Stolaříková J. New amino acid esters of salicylanilides active against MDR-TB and other microbes. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:6106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Otevrel J, Mandelova Z, Pesko M, Guo J, Kralova K, Sersen F, Vejsova M, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Coffey A, Csollei J, Richardson DR, Jampilek J. Investigating the spectrum of biological activity of ring-substituted salicylanilides and carbamoylphenylcarbamates. Molecules 2010; 15:8122-42. [PMID: 21072023 PMCID: PMC6259458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of twelve ring-substituted salicylanilides and carbamoylphenylcarbamates were prepared and characterized. The compounds were analyzed using RP-HPLC to determine lipophilicity. They were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Moreover, their site of action in the photosynthetic apparatus was determined. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal strains. Several compounds showed biological activity comparable with or higher than the standards 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, isoniazid, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin or fluconazole. The most active compounds showed minimal anti-proliferative activity against human cells in culture, indicating they would have low cytotoxicity. For all compounds, the relationships between lipophilicity and the chemical structure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Otevrel
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mandelova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Zentiva k.s., U kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Pesko
- Department of Ecosozology and Physiotactics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Sersen
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jozef Csollei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Zentiva k.s., U kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420267243695; Fax: +420272701331
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Small molecule inhibitors of LcrF, a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis transcription factor, attenuate virulence and limit infection in a murine pneumonia model. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4683-90. [PMID: 20823209 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01305-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LcrF (VirF), a transcription factor in the multiple adaptational response (MAR) family, regulates expression of the Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS). Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lcrF-null mutants showed attenuated virulence in tissue culture and animal models of infection. Targeting of LcrF offers a novel, antivirulence strategy for preventing Yersinia infection. A small molecule library was screened for inhibition of LcrF-DNA binding in an in vitro assay. All of the compounds lacked intrinsic antibacterial activity and did not demonstrate toxicity against mammalian cells. A subset of these compounds inhibited T3SS-dependent cytotoxicity of Y. pseudotuberculosis toward macrophages in vitro. In a murine model of Y. pseudotuberculosis pneumonia, two compounds significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs and afforded a dramatic survival advantage. The MAR family of transcription factors is well conserved, with members playing central roles in pathogenesis across bacterial genera; thus, the inhibitors could have broad applicability.
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Nayak M, Kim BH, Kwon J, Park S, Seo J, Chung J, Park S. Gelation-Induced Enhanced Fluorescence Emission from Organogels of Salicylanilide-Containing Compounds Exhibiting Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2010; 16:7437-47. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dahlgren MK, Zetterström CE, Gylfe Å, Linusson A, Elofsson M. Statistical molecular design of a focused salicylidene acylhydrazide library and multivariate QSAR of inhibition of type III secretion in the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2686-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Larzábal M, Mercado EC, Vilte DA, Salazar-González H, Cataldi A, Navarro-Garcia F. Designed coiled-coil peptides inhibit the type three secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9046. [PMID: 20140230 PMCID: PMC2816223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are two categories of E. coli strains associated with human disease. A major virulence factor of both pathotypes is the expression of a type three secretion system (TTSS), responsible for their ability to adhere to gut mucosa causing a characteristic attaching and effacing lesion (A/E). The TTSS translocates effector proteins directly into the host cell that subvert mammalian cell biochemistry. Methods/Principal Findings We examined synthetic peptides designed to inhibit the TTSS. CoilA and CoilB peptides, both representing coiled-coil regions of the translocator protein EspA, and CoilD peptide, corresponding to a coiled–coil region of the needle protein EscF, were effective in inhibiting the TTSS dependent hemolysis of red blood cells by the EPEC E2348/69 strain. CoilA and CoilB peptides also reduced the formation of actin pedestals by the same strain in HEp-2 cells and impaired the TTSS-mediated protein translocation into the epithelial cell. Interestingly, CoilA and CoilB were able to block EspA assembly, destabilizing the TTSS and thereby Tir translocation. This blockage of EspA polymerization by CoilA or CoilB peptides, also inhibited the correct delivery of EspB and EspD as detected by immunoblotting. Interestingly, electron microscopy of bacteria incubated with the CoilA peptide showed a reduction of the length of EspA filaments. Conclusions Our data indicate that coiled-coil peptides can prevent the assembly and thus the functionality of the TTSS apparatus and suggest that these peptides could provide an attractive tool to block EPEC and EHEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Larzábal
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa C. Mercado
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Vilte
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hector Salazar-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), México DF, Mexico
| | - Angel Cataldi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (AC); (FN-G)
| | - Fernando Navarro-Garcia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), México DF, Mexico
- * E-mail: (AC); (FN-G)
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Férriz JM, Vávrová K, Kunc F, Imramovský A, Stolaríková J, Vavríková E, Vinsová J. Salicylanilide carbamates: antitubercular agents active against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:1054-61. [PMID: 20060303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 27 salicylanilide-based carbamates was prepared as a part of our ongoing search for new antituberculosis drugs. These compounds exhibited very good in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium and, in particular, against five multidrug-resistant strains, with MIC values between 0.5-2 micromol/L. Moreover, they displayed moderate toxicity against intestinal cells with the selectivity index being up to 96. Furthermore, acid stability and a half-life of 43h at pH 7.4 were shown. Thus, these novel salicylanilide derivatives are drug candidates which should be seriously consider for further screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana M Férriz
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Stanley SA, Hung DT. Chemical tools for dissecting bacterial physiology and virulence. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8776-86. [PMID: 19653697 DOI: 10.1021/bi9009083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, chemical biology is being used in the context of bacterial virulence and the host-pathogen interaction, as small molecule inhibitors provide a number of unique advantages for the study of bacterial pathogens that complement powerful, existing classical genetic approaches. Small molecules have the potential to inhibit targets rapidly and reversibly, with a high degree of specificity. They are therefore well suited for studying the role of essential genes in bacterial physiology and virulence in both genetically tractable and intractable organisms, with the capacity to reveal novel phenotypes and insights into the function of essential factors during infection. The use of small molecule inhibitors during infection is also deepening our understanding of the role that host factors play in bacterial pathogenesis. In the future, the utility of chemical biology will grow as technologies for rapid identification of targets of interesting bioactive small molecules are developed. In this review, we highlight recent work in which small molecule inhibitors are used to study essential genes and genetically intractable organisms, to reveal novel phenotypes related to bacterial physiology, and to probe the role of bacterial and host factors during infection. In addition, we review recent advances in biochemical, genetic, and genomic techniques for target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stanley
- Infectious Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Skála P, Macháček M, Vejsová M, Kubicová L, Kuneš J, Waisser K. Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of hydroxy-3-phenyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones and their thioanalogs. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Imramovský A, Vinsová J, Férriz JM, Dolezal R, Jampílek J, Kaustová J, Kunc F. New antituberculotics originated from salicylanilides with promising in vitro activity against atypical mycobacterial strains. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3572-9. [PMID: 19403314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 30 N-protected amino acid esters were prepared as a part of ongoing search for new anti-tuberculosis active salicylanilides. The esters possess high in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and two strains of Mycobacterium kansasii, where one is an isolate from the patient, with MIC in the range 1-32 micromol/L for all tested strains. The prepared esters can be considered as prodrugs with better bio-availability and as more efficient transport forms through the mycobacterial cell membranes due to the higher lipophilicity. The experimental and calculated lipophilicity, stability, antituberculotic activity, cytotoxicity as well as the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) explored by the Intelligent Problem Solver (IPS) in Trajan Neural Network Simulator 6.0 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Imramovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs. Legii 565, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Madhavan VS, Varghese HT, Mathew S, Vinsova J, Panicker CY. FT-IR, FT-Raman and DFT calculations of 4-chloro-2-(3,4-dichlorophenylcarbamoyl)phenyl acetate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 72:547-553. [PMID: 19119059 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-chloro-2-(3,4-dichlorophenylcarbamoyl)phenyl acetate were recorded and analyzed. Synthesis and elemental analysis are also reported. The vibrational wavenumbers of the compound have been computed on the basis of density functional theory using B3LYP/6-31G* basis set. The predicted infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Madhavan
- Department of Physics, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani South, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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Imramovský A, Vinsová J, Férriz JM, Buchta V, Jampílek J. Salicylanilide esters of N-protected amino acids as novel antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:348-51. [PMID: 19081718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel, highly antimicrobial salicylanilide esters of N-protected amino acids were synthesized and characterized. Their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight fungal strains and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined. The compounds had the highest level of activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and these levels were higher than that of the standard drug fluconazole. In addition, three compounds showed interesting antituberculosis activity, with inhibition ranging from 89% to 99%. (S)-4-Chloro-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl 2-benzyloxy-carbonylamino-propionate had the highest level of both antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. The structure-activity relationships of the new compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Imramovský
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, utilizes a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) to aid it with its resistance to host defenses. This system injects a set of effector proteins known as Yops (Yersinia outer proteins) into the cytosol of host cells that come into contact with the bacteria. T3SS is absolutely required for the virulence of Y. pestis, making it a potential target for new therapeutics. Using a novel and simple high-throughput screening method, we examined a diverse collection of chemical libraries for small molecules that inhibit type III secretion in Y. pestis. The primary screening of 70,966 compounds and mixtures yielded 421 presumptive inhibitors. We selected eight of these for further analysis in secondary assays. Four of the eight compounds effectively inhibited Yop secretion at micromolar concentrations. Interestingly, we observed differential inhibition among Yop species with some compounds. The compounds did not inhibit bacterial growth at the concentrations used in the inhibition assays. Three compounds protected HeLa cells from type III secretion-dependent cytotoxicity. Of the eight compounds examined in secondary assays, four show good promise as leads for structure-activity relationship studies. They are a diverse group, with each having a chemical scaffold not only distinct from each other but also distinct from previously described candidate type III secretion inhibitors.
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Dolle RE, Bourdonnec BL, Goodman AJ, Morales GA, Thomas CJ, Zhang W. Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:753-802. [PMID: 18991466 DOI: 10.1021/cc800119z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E. Dolle
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Bertrand Le Bourdonnec
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Allan J. Goodman
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Guillermo A. Morales
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Wei Zhang
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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Keyser P, Elofsson M, Rosell S, Wolf-Watz H. Virulence blockers as alternatives to antibiotics: type III secretion inhibitors against Gram-negative bacteria. J Intern Med 2008; 264:17-29. [PMID: 18393958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years mounting problems related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria have resulted in the prediction that we are entering the preantibiotic era. A way of preventing such a development would be to introduce novel antibacterial medicines with modes of action distinct from conventional antibiotics. Recent studies of bacterial virulence factors and toxins have resulted in increased understanding of the way in which pathogenic bacteria manipulate host cellular processes. This knowledge may now be used to develop novel antibacterial medicines that disarm pathogenic bacteria. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is known to be a potent virulence mechanism shared by a broad spectrum of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that interact with human, animal and plant hosts by injecting effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells. Diseases, such as bubonic plague, shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, pulmonary infections, sexually transmitted chlamydia and diarrhoea largely depend on the bacterial proteins injected by the T3SS machinery. Recently a number of T3SS inhibitors have been identified using screening-based approaches. One class of inhibitors, the salicylidene acylhydrazides, has been subjected to chemical optimization and evaluation in several in vitro and ex vivo assays in multiple bacterial species including Yersinia spp., Chlamydia spp., Salmonella spp. and Pseudotuberculosis aeruginosa. Reports published up to date indicate that T3SS inhibitors have the potential to be developed into novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keyser
- Innate Pharmaceuticals AB, Umestan Företagspark, Umeå, Sweden.
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Zaneveld J, Turnbaugh PJ, Lozupone C, Ley RE, Hamady M, Gordon JI, Knight R. Host-bacterial coevolution and the search for new drug targets. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2008; 12:109-14. [PMID: 18280814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the coevolution between humans and our microbial symbionts and pathogens requires complementary approaches, ranging from community analysis to in-depth analysis of individual genomes. Here we review the evidence for coevolution between symbionts and their hosts, the role of horizontal gene transfer in coevolution, and genomic and metagenomic approaches to identify drug targets. Recent studies have shown that our symbiotic microbes confer many metabolic capabilities that our mammalian genomes lack, and that targeting mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer is a promising new direction for drug discovery. Gnotobiotic ('germ-free') mice are an especially exciting new tool for unraveling the function of microbes, whether individually or in the context of complex communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zaneveld
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
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