1
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Padilla-Martínez II, Cruz A, García-Báez EV, Rosales-Hernández MC, Mendieta Wejebe JE. N-substitution Reactions of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles to Access Pharmacophores. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:177-219. [PMID: 35272598 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220310124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole (BI) and its derivatives are interesting molecules in medicinal chemistry because several of these compounds have a diversity of biological activities and some of them are even used in clinical applications. In view of the importance of these compounds, synthetic chemists are still interested in finding new procedures for the synthesis of these classes of compounds. Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative), and Rabendazole (fungicide) are important examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI nuclei. It is interesting to observe that several of these compounds contain 2-aminobenzimidazole (2ABI) as the base nucleus. The structures of 2ABI derivatives are interesting because they have a planar delocalized structure with a cyclic guanidine group, which have three nitrogen atoms with free lone pairs and labile hydrogen atoms. The 10-π electron system of the aromatic BI ring conjugated with the nitrogen lone pair of the hexocyclic amino group, making these heterocycles to have an amphoteric character. Synthetic chemists have used 2ABI as a building block to produce BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. In view of the importance of the BIs, and because no review was found in the literature about this topic, we reviewed and summarized the procedures related to the recent methodologies used in the N-substitution reactions of 2ABIs by using aliphatic and aromatic halogenides, dihalogenides, acid chlorides, alkylsulfonic chlorides, carboxylic acids, esters, ethyl chloroformates, anhydrides, SMe-isothioureas, alcohols, alkyl cyanates, thiocyanates, carbon disulfide and aldehydes or ketones to form Schiff bases. The use of diazotized 2ABI as intermediate to obtain 2-diazoBIs was included to produce Nsubstituted 2ABIs of pharmacological interest. Some commentaries about their biological activity were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Efrén V García-Báez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Martha C Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Distrito Federal 11340, México
| | - Jessica E Mendieta Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Distrito Federal 11340, México
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2
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Aamir Bin Riyaz M, Swu T. Bismuth‐catalyzed N‐Arylation of 2‐Aminobenzimidazole and Phosphorylation of Substituted Coumarins via C−H functionalization. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Swu
- Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University Puducherry 605014 India
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3
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Wan Y, Wu H, Ma N, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Gao W, Zhang G. De novo design and synthesis of dipyridopurinone derivatives as visible-light photocatalysts in productive guanylation reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15988-15997. [PMID: 35024122 PMCID: PMC8672711 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Described here is the de novo design and synthesis of a series of 6H-dipyrido[1,2-e:2',1'-i]purin-6-ones (DPs) as a new class of visible-light photoredox catalysts (PCs). The synthesized DP1-5 showed their λ Abs(max) values in 433-477 nm, excited state redox potentials in 1.15-0.69 eV and -1.41 to -1.77 eV (vs. SCE), respectively. As a representative, DP4 enables the productive guanylation of various amines, including 1°, 2°, and 3°-alkyl primary amines, secondary amines, aryl and heteroaryl amines, amino-nitrile, amino acids and peptides as well as propynylamines and α-amino esters giving diversities in biologically important guanidines and cyclic guanidines. The photocatalytic efficacy of DP4 in the guanylation overmatched commonly used Ir and Ru polypyridyl complexes, and some organic PCs. Other salient merits of this method include broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, gram-scale synthesis, and versatile late-stage derivatizations that led to a derivative 81 exhibiting 60-fold better anticancer activity against Ramos cells with the IC50 of 0.086 μM than that of clinical drug ibrutinib (5.1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Nana Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University 46 East of Construction Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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4
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Sang W, Gavi AJ, Yu BY, Cheng H, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Lommens P, Chen C, Verpoort F. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Free C-N Coupling Reactions: Selective Diheteroarylation of Amines with 2-Halobenzimidazoles. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:129-135. [PMID: 31762212 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminobenzimidazoles are widely present in a number of bioactive molecules. Generally, the preparation of these molecules could be realized by the mono-substitution of 2-halobenzimidazoles with amines. However, rare examples were reported for the di-substituted products and the selectivity of mono- vs. di-substitution was relatively low. Considering the potential values of the di-substituted products, we accomplished the first selective diheteroarylation of amines with 2-halobenzimidazoles. Notably, this Pd-catalyzed transformation was realized under ligand-free conditions. Accordingly, numerous target products were efficiently produced from various aromatic or aliphatic amines and 2-halobenzimidazoles. It was worth noting that two representative products were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. More significantly, this catalytic process could be applied to the synthesis and discovery of new bioactive compounds, which demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this newly developed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ayao Jean Gavi
- Odisee/KU Leuven Technology Campus, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bao-Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beinong Road 7, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, 441053, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Petra Lommens
- Odisee/KU Leuven Technology Campus, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Ghent University Global Campus, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 21985, Korea
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5
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Ghosh P, Das S. Ligand Free Approach for the Copper(II)‐Mediated C‐NH
2
Arylation of 4‐Quinolone Derivatives Under Ambient Condition. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of chemistryUniversity of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013 West Bengal
| | - Sajal Das
- Department of chemistryUniversity of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013 West Bengal
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6
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Wang Z, Zhao Q, Hou J, Yu W, Chang J. Iodine-mediated direct synthesis of multifunctional 2-aminobenzimidazoles from N-substituted o-diaminoarenes and isothiocyanates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Özil M, Emirik M, Beldüz A, Ülker S. Molecular docking studies and synthesis of novel bisbenzimidazole derivatives as inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5103-5114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Rao DN, Rasheed S, Kumar KA, Reddy AS, Das P. Copper-Catalyzed CNH2Arylation of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles and Related C-Amino-NH-azoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Kumar KA, Kannaboina P, Rao DN, Das P. Nickel-catalyzed Chan–Lam cross-coupling: chemoselective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8989-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A complementary set of Ni- and Cu-based catalyst systems for the chemoselective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Anil Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - D. Nageswar Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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10
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Bahrami F, Panahi F, Daneshgar F, Yousefi R, Shahsavani MB, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Synthesis of new α-aminophosphonate derivatives incorporating benzimidazole, theophylline and adenine nucleobases using l-cysteine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (LCMNP) as magnetic reusable catalyst: evaluation of their anticancer properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of α-aminophosphonate derivatives incorporating benzimidazole, theophylline and adenine nucleobases were synthesized in a three-step process and the anticancer activities of selected ligands were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71454
- Iran
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71454
- Iran
| | - Fatemeh Daneshgar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71454
- Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL)
- Department of Biology
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71454
| | | | - Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71454
- Iran
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11
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Pu S, Liang Q, Luo X, Luo J. Convenient Two-step One-pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using 2-nitroanilines and Thiourea Dioxide. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13896361235211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new convenient method for the conversion of 2-nitroanilines into benzimidazoles by two-step one-pot procedure is reported. The procedure involves the reduction of nitro group followed by the intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding o-phenylenediamines utilising thiourea dioxide and sodium hydroxide at 70 °C in mixed solvents of H2O and EtOH (v/v, 3/1). The yields are good to excellent and the workup is simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Liang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Juan Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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12
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Nageswar Rao D, Rasheed S, Vishwakarma RA, Das P. Copper-catalyzed sequential N-arylation of C-amino-NH-azoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12911-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05628k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper(ii)-catalyzed boronic acid promoted C–N bond cross-coupling reactions have been developed for sequential N-arylation of C-amino-NH-azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nageswar Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
| | - Sk. Rasheed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu-180001, India
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13
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Ueda S, Buchwald SL. Catalyst-controlled chemoselective arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10364-7. [PMID: 22969040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Ueda S, Buchwald SL. Catalyst-Controlled Chemoselective Arylation of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Hua Z, Huang X, Bregman H, Chakka N, DiMauro EF, Doherty EM, Goldstein J, Gunaydin H, Huang H, Mercede S, Newcomb J, Patel VF, Turci SM, Yan J, Wilson C, Martin MW. 2-Phenylamino-6-cyano-1H-benzimidazole-based isoform selective casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1γ) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5392-5. [PMID: 22877629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Screening of the Amgen compound library led to the identification of 2-phenylamino-6-cyano-1H-benzimidazole 1a as a potent CK1 gamma inhibitor with excellent kinase selectivity and unprecedented CK1 isoform selectivity. Further structure-based optimization of this series resulted in the discovery of 1h which possessed good enzymatic and cellular potency, excellent CK1 isoform and kinase selectivity, and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Hua
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Phosphonium-mediated cyclization of N-(2-aminophenyl)thioureas: efficient synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Aina OH, Maeda Y, Harrison M, Zwingenberger AL, Walker NJ, Lam KS, Kent MS. Canine malignant melanoma alpha-3 integrin binding peptides. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 143:11-9. [PMID: 21722969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop novel targeted imaging and therapeutic agents that can aid in early diagnosis, detection of metastasis and treatment of melanoma. Alpha-3 integrin is overexpressed in 82% of metastatic melanomas in humans and may be a potential target for peptide ligands carrying therapeutic agents. Five melanoma cell lines were generated from canine primary oral and metastatic canine tumors, grown in mice, and validated with melanoma markers Melan A, S-100, Micropthalmia transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase, and MART-1. The melanoma cell lines were tested for binding affinity to previously published alpha-3 integrin-binding peptides containing the cdGXGXXc motif. Fluorescent conjugates of the alpha-3 integrin binding OA02 peptide were used to quantify receptor affinity in the cell lines, a specimen of canine primary oral melanoma, and melanoma xenografts. Alpha-3 integrin was expressed by all 5 canine melanoma cell lines. Four of the 5 lines as well as the primary canine tumor showed affinity to alpha-3 integrin binding peptides with the cdGXGXXc motif. Optical imaging of canine melanoma xenografts in nude mice indicates rapid, strong uptake of the optical tracer in the tumor with an average persistence of approximately 48 h. Ex vivo images showed high tumor-to-background ratio, with tumor signals more than twice that of the kidney and other vital organs. We propose that integrin alpha-3 integrin binding ligands could potentially become useful probes for imaging and delivery of cytotoxic agents for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olulanu H Aina
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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18
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19
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Carpenter RD, Natarajan A, Lau EY, Andrei M, Solano DM, Lightstone FC, DeNardo SJ, Lam KS, Kurth MJ. Halogenated benzimidazole carboxamides target integrin alpha4beta1 on T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5448-56. [PMID: 20530664 PMCID: PMC3166240 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha(4)beta(1) is an attractive but poorly understood target for selective diagnosis and treatment of T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. This report focuses on the rapid microwave preparation, structure-activity relationships, and biological evaluation of medicinally pertinent benzimidazole heterocycles as integrin alpha(4)beta(1) antagonists. We documented tumor uptake of derivatives labeled with (125)I in xenograft murine models of B-cell lymphoma. Molecular homology models of integrin alpha(4)beta(1) predicted that docked halobenzimidazole carboxamides have the halogen atom in a suitable orientation for halogen-hydrogen bonding. The high-affinity halogenated ligands identified offer attractive tools for medicinal and biological use, including fluoro and iodo derivatives with potential radiodiagnostic ((18)F) or radiotherapeutic ((131)I) applications, or chloro and bromo analogues that could provide structural insights into integrin-ligand interactions through photoaffinity, cross-linking/mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Radiodiagnosis and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Edmond Y. Lau
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Mirela Andrei
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Danielle M. Solano
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Felice C. Lightstone
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Sally J. DeNardo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Radiodiagnosis and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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21
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Carpenter RD, Andrei M, Aina OH, Lau EY, Lightstone FC, Liu R, Lam KS, Kurth MJ. Selectively targeting T- and B-cell lymphomas: a benzothiazole antagonist of alpha4beta1 integrin. J Med Chem 2009; 52:14-9. [PMID: 19072684 DOI: 10.1021/jm800313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer chemotherapeutic agents clinically deployed today are designed to be indiscriminately cytotoxic, however, achieving selective targeting of cancer malignancies would allow for improved diagnostic and chemotherapeutic tools. Integrin alpha(4)beta(1), a heterodimeric cell surface receptor, is believed to have a low-affinity conformation in resting normal lymphocytes and an activated high-affinity conformation in cancerous cells, specifically T- and B-cell lymphomas. This highly attractive yet poorly understood receptor has been selectively targeted with the bisaryl urea peptidomimetic antagonist 1. However, concerns regarding its preliminary pharmacokinetic (PK) profile provided an impetus to change the pharmacophore from a bisaryl urea to a 2-arylaminobenzothiazole moiety, resulting in an analogue with improved physicochemical properties, solubility, and kidney:tumor ratio while maintaining potency (6; IC(50) = 53 pM). The results presented herein utilized heterocyclic and solid-phase chemistry, cell adhesion assay, and in vivo optical imaging using the cyanine dye Cy5.5 conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Thomas JD, Hofer T, Rader C, Burke TR. Application of a trifunctional reactive linker for the construction of antibody-drug hybrid conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5785-8. [PMID: 18922692 PMCID: PMC3461582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, trifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)-succinamide-Lysine-Lysine-maleimide (PEG-SU-Lys-Lys-mal) linker was employed to simultaneously allow biotin tagging and cell-surface targeting through an integrin alpha(4)beta(1)-binding peptidomimetic that was regiospecifically conjugated to an IgG1-derived Fc fragment with an engineered C-terminal selenocysteine residue. The resulting antibody derivative mediates Fc receptor binding by virtue of the Fc protein and selectively targets cancer cells expressing human integrin alpha(4)beta(1). The PEG-SU-Lys-Lys-mal linker may have general utility as an organic tether for the construction of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Thomas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Asymmetric Catalysis: Resin-Bound Hydroxyprolylthreonine Derivatives in Enamine-Mediated Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6407-10. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Asymmetric Catalysis: Resin-Bound Hydroxyprolylthreonine Derivatives in Enamine-Mediated Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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