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Kumari A, Yadav P, Rawat V, Maurya RA, Islam MS, Eldesoky GE, Puri SK, Verma VP. Novel saturated 1,2,4-trioxanes and their antimalarial activity against multidrug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice model via oral route. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 108:129801. [PMID: 38777279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Novel saturated 6-(4'-aryloxy phenyl) vinyl 1,2,4-trioxanes 12a(1-3)-12d(1-3) and 13a(1-3)-13d(1-3) have been designed and synthesized, in one single step from diimide reduction of 11a(1-3)-11d(1-3). All the newly synthesized trioxanes were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis via oral route. Cyclopentane-based trioxanes 12b1, 12c1 and 12d1, provided 100 % protection to the infected mice at 24 mg/kg × 4 days. The most active compound of the series, trioxane 12b1, provided 100 % protection even at 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 60 % protection at 6 mg/kg × 4 days. The currently used drug, β-arteether provides only 20 % protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Avatar Maurya
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | | | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India; Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM), Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar 751022, India.
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2
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Rathi K, Shukla M, Hassam M, Shrivastava R, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Recent advances in the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107043. [PMID: 38134523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of various malarial parasite strains to drugs has made the production of a new, rapid-acting, and efficient antimalarial drug more necessary, as the demand for such drugs is growing rapidly. As a major global health concern, various methods have been implemented to address the problem of drug resistance, including the hybrid drug concept, combination therapy, the development of analogues of existing medicines, and the use of drug resistance reversal agents. Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently used against multidrug- resistant P. falciparum species. However, due to its natural origin, its use has been limited by its scarcity in natural resources. As a result, finding a substitute becomes more crucial, and the peroxide group in artemisinin, responsible for the drugs biological action in the form of 1,2,4-trioxane, may hold the key to resolving this issue. The literature suggests that 1,2,4-trioxanes have the potential to become an alternative to current malaria drugs, as highlighted in this review. This is why 1,2,4-trioxanes and their derivatives have been synthesized on a large scale worldwide, as they have shown promising antimalarial activity in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium species. Consequently, the search for a more convenient, environment friendly, sustainable, efficient, and effective synthetic pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes continues. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and mechanism of action of 1,2,4-trioxanes. This systematic review highlights the most recent summaries of derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxane compounds and dimers with potential antimalarial activity from January 1988 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (Rajasthan), VPO- Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan 30300, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Kumari A, Karnatak M, Singh AS, Hassam M, Rawat V, Islam MS, Al-Majid AM, Singh M, Verma VP. Mechanistic Evaluation of the Stability of Arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes under Acidic Conditions for Their Oral Administration as an Antimalarial Drug. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17984-17994. [PMID: 35664617 PMCID: PMC9161402 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic approach to understand the course of metabolism for synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes, potent antimalarial compounds, to evaluate their bioavailability for antimalarial action has been studied in the present work. It is an important parameter to study the course of metabolism of a drug candidate molecule when administered via oral route during its journey from oral intake to its target site. From the pharmacokinetics point of view, it determines the bioavailability of an active drug or a prodrug at the target point. In this work, synthetic arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes 1a-u have been evaluated under various acidic conditions to mimic the milieu of the stomach (pH between 1.5 and 3.5) through which they have to pass when administered orally. The effect of acid on trioxanes led to their degradation into corresponding ketones and glyoxal. Under such acidic conditions glyoxal polymerized to form a nonisolable condensate product. The study indicates that the actual bioavailability of the drug is far less than the administered dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Defence
Materials and Stores Research Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur 208013, India
| | | | - Varun Rawat
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Nuchem
Sciences, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R2N6, Canada
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
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5
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Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Reduction of the Double Bond of 6-Arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes Leads to a Remarkable Increase in Their Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss Mice Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30790-30799. [PMID: 34805707 PMCID: PMC8600630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel 6-arylethyl-1,2,4-trioxanes6a-i and 7a-i are easily accessible in one step from the diimide reduction of 6-arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes 5a-i. All of these new trioxanes were assessed for their oral antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss mice model. Most of the saturated trioxanes 6c, 6f, 6g, 6h, and 6i, the active compounds of the series, provided 100% protection to the malaria-infected mice at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days. Further, trioxane 6i, the most active compound of the series, also showed 100% protection even at a dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 20% protection at a dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days. In this model, β-arteether provided 100% protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 20% protection at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via the oral route, which was found to exhibit 4-fold antimalarial activity compared with the currently used drug β-arteether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Parasitology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
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6
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Banu S, Singh K, Tyagi S, Yadav A, Yadav PP. Harnessing selective PET and EnT catalysis by chlorophyll to synthesize N-alkylated quinoline-2(1 H)-ones, isoquinoline-1(2 H)-ones and 1,2,4-trioxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9433-9438. [PMID: 34676851 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01865e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic syntheses of quinoline-2(1H)-ones, isoquinoline-1(2H)-ones and 1,2,4-trioxanes were achieved by selective photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (EnT), respectively, by chlorophyll under visible light irradiation. Quinoline-2(1H)-ones, isoquinoline-1(2H)-ones and 1,2,4-trioxanes are biologically potent scaffolds and their syntheses following mild reaction protocols are highly sought after. This work showcases the divergent photocatalytic roles of chlorophyll viz., electron transfer in the case of quinolines or isoquinolines and energy transfer with allyl alcohols as substrates, affording their aerobic oxidation under green reaction conditions. The mechanistic investigations affirm that the catalytic cycle follows the electron-transfer pathway in carrying out the oxidation of N-alkyl(iso)quinolinium salts. Furthermore, the method provides an environmentally benign, simple reaction strategy for organic transformations of (N)-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Banu
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaifali Tyagi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
| | - Prem P Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
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7
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Karnatak M, Hassam M, Vanangamudi M, Sharma S, Kumar Yadav D, Singh C, Puri SK, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Novel naphthyl based 1,2,4-trioxanes: Synthesis and in vivo efficacy in the Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 51:128372. [PMID: 34547418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 1,2,4-trioxanes 9a1-a4, 9b1-b4, 10-13 and 9c1-c4 were synthesized and evaluated against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice via oral and intramuscular (i.m.) routes. Adamantane-based trioxane 9b4, the most active compound of the series, provided 100% protection to the infected mice at the dose 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 100% clearance of parasitemia at the dose 24 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route. Adamantane-based trioxane 9b4, is twice active than artemisinin. We have also studied the photooxygenation behaviour of allylic alcohols 6a-b (3-(4-alkoxynaphthyl)-but-2-ene-1-ols) and 6c (3-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-naphthalen-1-yl]-but-2-en-1-ol). Being behaving as dienes, they furnished corresponding endoperoxides, while behaving as allylic alcohols, they yielded β-hydroxyhydroperoxides. All the endoperoxides (7a-c) and β-hydroxyhydroperoxides (8a-c) have been separately elaborated to the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxanes, except from endoperoxide 7c. It is worthy to note that TBDMS protected naphthoyl endoperoxide 7c unable to deliver 1,2,4-trioxane, which demonstrated the strength of the O-Si bond is not easy to cleave under acidic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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8
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Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-trioxanes and antimalarial evaluation against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128305. [PMID: 34365007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria epidemics represent one of the life-threatening diseases to low-income lying countries which subsequently affect the economic and social condition of mankind. In continuation in the development of a novel series of 1,2,4-trioxanes 13a1-c1, 13a2-c2, and 13a3-c3 have been prepared and further converted into their hemisuccinate derivatives 14a1-c1, 14a2-c2, and 14a3-c3 respectively. All these new compounds were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in mice by both oral and intramuscular (im) routes. Hydroxy-functionalized trioxane 13a1 showed 80% protection and its hemisuccinate derivative 14a1 showed 100% protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days by both routes, which is twice active than artemisinin by oral route.
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9
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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10
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Zhang M, Han Y, Niu JL, Zhang ZH. A General and Practical Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Trioxanes Catalyzed by Silica-Ferric Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Liang Niu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
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11
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Yadav L, Tiwari MK, Kumar Shyamlal BR, Mathur M, Swami AK, Puri SK, Naikade NK, Chaudhary S. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of novel bicyclic and tricyclic aza-peroxides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic and tricyclic aza-peroxides were synthesized and assessed for theirin vitroandin vivoantimalarial activities againstPlasmodium falciparum(3D7 strain) andPlasmodium yoelii nigeriensisin Swiss mice by an oral route, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | - Mohit K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | | | - Manas Mathur
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology
- Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd
- Jaipur-302015
- India
| | - Ajit K. Swami
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology
- Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd
- Jaipur-302015
- India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Parasitology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Sandoz India Pvt. Ltd
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
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12
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Sonawane DP, Corbett Y, Dhavale DD, Taramelli D, Trombini C, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M. D-Glucose-Derived 1,2,4-Trioxepanes: Synthesis, Conformational Study, and Antimalarial Activity. Org Lett 2015; 17:4074-7. [PMID: 26237035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New enantiomerically pure 1,2,4-trioxepanes 10a,b/11a,b were synthesized from D-glucose. Their conformational behavior was studied by low-temperature NMR and substantiated by DFT calculations. On evaluation of in vitro antimalarial activity, the adamantyl derivative 11b showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range, particularly against the W2 chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.12 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Sonawane
- †Department of Chemistry, Garware Research Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune 411 007, India
| | - Y Corbett
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D D Dhavale
- †Department of Chemistry, Garware Research Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune 411 007, India
| | - D Taramelli
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Trombini
- #Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Quintavalla
- #Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Lombardo
- #Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Peng J, Chen C, Chen J, Su X, Xi C, Chen H. Cu-catalyzed arylcarbocyclization of alkynes with diaryliodonium salts through C-C bond formation on inert C(sp3)-H bond. Org Lett 2014; 16:3776-9. [PMID: 25008539 DOI: 10.1021/ol501655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed arylcarbocyclization reaction of alkynes was realized with diaryliodonium salts through C-C bond formation on an inert C(sp3)-H bond. This method provides an efficient cyclization of alkyl alkynes to generate carbocycles with good step-economy. Theoretical study revealed an interesting Cu-catalyzed concerted pathway of the C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Biamonte MA, Wanner J, Le Roch KG. Recent advances in malaria drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2829-43. [PMID: 23587422 PMCID: PMC3762334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This digest covers some of the most relevant progress in malaria drug discovery published between 2010 and 2012. There is an urgent need to develop new antimalarial drugs. Such drugs can target the blood stage of the disease to alleviate the symptoms, the liver stage to prevent relapses, and the transmission stage to protect other humans. The pipeline for the blood stage is becoming robust, but this should not be a source of complacency, as the current therapies set a high standard. Drug discovery efforts directed towards the liver and transmission stages are in their infancy but are receiving increasing attention as targeting these stages could be instrumental in eradicating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Biamonte
- Drug Discovery for Tropical Diseases, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Malik S, Khan SA, Ahuja P, Arya SK, Sahu S, Sahu K. Singlet oxygen-mediated synthesis of malarial chemotherapeutic agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Maurya R, Soni A, Anand D, Ravi M, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Naikade NK, Puri SK, Wahajuddin, Kanojiya S, Yadav PP. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 3,3-spiroanellated 5,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-trioxanes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:165-9. [PMID: 24900640 DOI: 10.1021/ml300188t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 3,3-spiroanellated 5-aryl, 6-arylvinyl-substituted 1,2,4-trioxanes 19-34 have been synthesized and appraised for their antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice by oral route at doses ranging from 96 mg/kg × 4 days to 24 mg/kg × 4 days. The most active compound of the series (compound 25) provided 100% protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days, and other 1,2,4-trioxanes 22, 26, 27, and 30 also showed promising activity. In this model, β-arteether provided 100 and 20% protection at 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 24 mg/kg × 4 days, respectively, by oral route. Compound 25 displayed a similar in vitro pharmacokinetic profile to that of reference drug β-arteether. The activity results demonstrated the importance of an aryl moiety at the C-5 position on the 1,2,4-trioxane pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Devireddy Anand
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Makthala Ravi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Kanumuri S. R. Raju
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - S. K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Wahajuddin
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Prem P. Yadav
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Singh C, Hassam M, Verma VP, Singh AS, Naikade NK, Puri SK, Maulik PR, Kant R. Bile Acid-Based 1,2,4-Trioxanes: Synthesis and Antimalarial Assessment. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10662-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301323k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ajit Shanker Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Niraj Krishna Naikade
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Prakas R. Maulik
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Parasitic diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and represent major health problems. Treatment is becoming extremely difficult due to the emergence of drug resistance, the absence of effective vaccines, and the spread of insecticide-resistant vectors. Thus, identification of affordable and readily available drugs against resistant parasites is of global demand. RECENT ADVANCES Susceptibility of many parasites to oxidative stress is a well-known phenomenon. Therefore, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inhibition of endogenous antioxidant enzymes would be a novel therapeutic approach to develop antiparasitic drugs. This article highlights the unique metabolic pathways along with redox enzymes of unicellular (Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania donovani, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis) and multicellular parasites (Schistosoma mansoni), which could be utilized to promote ROS-mediated toxicity. CRITICAL ISSUES Enzymes involved in various vital redox reactions could be potential targets for drug development. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of redox-active antiparasitic drugs along with their mode of action will help researchers around the world in designing novel drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Ghadari R, Hajishaabanha F, Mahyari M, Shaabani A, Khavasi HR. An unexpected route toward the synthesis of spiro-benzo[b]acridine-furan derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Persico M, Quintavalla A, Rondinelli F, Trombini C, Lombardo M, Fattorusso C, Azzarito V, Taramelli D, Parapini S, Corbett Y, Chianese G, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. A new class of antimalarial dioxanes obtained through a simple two-step synthetic approach: rational design and structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8526-40. [PMID: 22054038 DOI: 10.1021/jm201056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of simple endoperoxides, characterized by a 3-methoxy-1,2-dioxane scaffold, was designed on the basis of a previously developed pharmacophore. Through a simplified and versatile scheme of synthesis, which utilizes cheap and commercially available starting materials, it was possible to obtain several structurally and stereochemically different compounds that were tested against P. falciparum. Most of compounds showed antimalarial activity in the low micromolar range and no cellular toxicity, all being significantly more active on chloroquine resistant (CQ-R) than on chloroquine sensitive (CQ-S) strains. Resulting structure-activity relationships were analyzed by means of experimental and computational techniques, validating our design rationale and tailoring it for the new scaffold. Our study demonstrated that according to the hypothesized mechanism of action, the antimalarial activity can be improved through rational structural modifications, paving the way for the development of new simplified antimalarial endoperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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