1
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Antibacterial Thiopeptide GE2270-Congeners from Nonomuraea jiangxiensis. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010101. [PMID: 36615295 PMCID: PMC9822014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides are macrocyclic natural products with potent bioactivity. Nine new natural thiopeptides (1−9) were obtained from a Nonomuraea jiangxiensis isolated from a terrestrial soil sample collected in Singapore. Even though some of these compounds were previously synthesized or isolated from engineered strains, herein we report the unprecedented isolation of these thiopeptides from a native Nonomuraea jiangxiensis. A comparison with the literature and a detailed analysis of the NMR and HRMS of compounds 1−9 was conducted to assign their chemical structures. The structures of all new compounds were highly related to the thiopeptide antibiotics GE2270, with variations in the substituents on the thiazole and amino acid moieties. Thiopeptides 1−9 exhibited a potent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus with MIC90 values ranging from 2 µM to 11 µM. In addition, all compounds were investigated for their cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell line A549, none of the compounds were cytotoxic.
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2
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Synthesis of and molecular docking studies of azomethine- tethered sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase II & 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Bird KE, Xander C, Murcia S, Schmalstig AA, Wang X, Emanuele MJ, Braunstein M, Bowers AA. Thiopeptides Induce Proteasome-Independent Activation of Cellular Mitophagy. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2164-2174. [PMID: 32589399 PMCID: PMC7442609 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics are emerging clinical candidates that exhibit potent antibacterial activity against a variety of intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Many thiopeptides directly inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting protein synthesis. However, recent work has shown that one thiopeptide, thiostrepton (TSR), can also induce autophagy in infected macrophages, which has the potential to be exploited for host-directed therapies against intracellular pathogens, such as Mtb. To better define the therapeutic potential of this class of antibiotics, we studied the host-directed effects of a suite of natural thiopeptides that spans five structurally diverse thiopeptide classes, as well as several analogs. We discovered that thiopeptides as a class induce selective autophagic removal of mitochondria, known as mitophagy. This activity is independent of other biological activities, such as proteasome inhibition or antibiotic activity. We also find that many thiopeptides exhibit potent activity against intracellular Mtb in macrophage infection models. However, the thiopeptide-induced mitophagy occurs outside of pathogen-containing autophagosomes and does not appear to contribute to thiopeptide control of intracellular Mtb. These results expand basic understanding of thiopeptide biology and provide key guidance for the development of new thiopeptide antibiotics and host-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Bird
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christian Xander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sebastian Murcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alan A. Schmalstig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xianxi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Miriam Braunstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Albert A. Bowers
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Bogart JW, Kramer NJ, Turlik A, Bleich RM, Catlin DS, Schroeder FC, Nair SK, Williamson RT, Houk KN, Bowers AA. Interception of the Bycroft-Gowland Intermediate in the Enzymatic Macrocyclization of Thiopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13170-13179. [PMID: 32609512 PMCID: PMC7429253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptides are a broad class of macrocyclic, heavily modified peptide natural products that are unified by the presence of a substituted, nitrogen-containing heterocycle core. Early work indicated that this core might be fashioned from two dehydroalanines by an enzyme-catalyzed aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition to give a cyclic-hemiaminal intermediate. This common intermediate could then follow a reductive path toward a dehydropiperidine, as in the thiopeptide thiostrepton, or an aromatization path to yield the pyridine groups observed in many other thiopeptides. Although several of the enzymes proposed to perform this cycloaddition have been reconstituted, only pyridine products have been isolated and any hemiaminal intermediates have yet to be observed. Here, we identify the conditions and substrates that decouple the cycloaddition from subsequent steps and allow interception and characterization of this long hypothesized intermediate. Transition state modeling indicates that the key amide-iminol tautomerization is the major hurdle in an otherwise energetically favorable cycloaddition. An anionic model suggests that deprotonation and polarization of this amide bond by TbtD removes this barrier and provides a sufficient driving force for facile (stepwise) cycloaddition. This work provides evidence for a mechanistic link between disparate cyclases in thiopeptide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Bogart
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kramer
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rachel M. Bleich
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Daniel S. Catlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R. Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Albert A. Bowers
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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5
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Vinogradov AA, Suga H. Introduction to Thiopeptides: Biological Activity, Biosynthesis, and Strategies for Functional Reprogramming. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1032-1051. [PMID: 32698017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptides (also known as thiazolyl peptides) are structurally complex natural products with rich biological activities. Known for over 70 years for potent killing of Gram-positive bacteria, thiopeptides are experiencing a resurgence of interest in the last decade, primarily brought about by the genomic revolution of the 21st century. Every area of thiopeptide research-from elucidating their biological function and biosynthesis to expanding their structural diversity through genome mining-has made great strides in recent years. These advances lay the foundation for and inspire novel strategies for thiopeptide engineering. Accordingly, a number of diverse approaches are being actively pursued in the hope of developing the next generation of natural-product-inspired therapeutics. Here, we review the contemporary understanding of thiopeptide biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and approaches to structural and functional reprogramming, with a special focus on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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6
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Minimal lactazole scaffold for in vitro thiopeptide bioengineering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2272. [PMID: 32385237 PMCID: PMC7210931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactazole A is a cryptic thiopeptide from Streptomyces lactacystinaeus, encoded by a compact 9.8 kb biosynthetic gene cluster. Here, we establish a platform for in vitro biosynthesis of lactazole A, referred to as the FIT-Laz system, via a combination of the flexible in vitro translation (FIT) system with recombinantly produced lactazole biosynthetic enzymes. Systematic dissection of lactazole biosynthesis reveals remarkable substrate tolerance of the biosynthetic enzymes and leads to the development of the minimal lactazole scaffold, a construct requiring only 6 post-translational modifications for macrocyclization. Efficient assembly of such minimal thiopeptides with FIT-Laz opens access to diverse lactazole analogs with 10 consecutive mutations, 14- to 62-membered macrocycles, and 18 amino acid-long tail regions, as well as to hybrid thiopeptides containing non-proteinogenic amino acids. This work suggests that the minimal lactazole scaffold is amenable to extensive bioengineering and opens possibilities to explore untapped chemical space of thiopeptides. Lactazole A is a thiopeptide from Streptomyces lactacystinaeus, encoded by a compact 9.8 kb biosynthetic gene cluster. Here, the authors show a platform for in vitro biosynthesis of lactazole A via a combination of a flexible in vitro translation system with recombinantly produced lactazole biosynthetic enzymes.
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7
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Abstract
This Review is devoted to the chemistry of macrocyclic peptides having heterocyclic fragments in their structure. These motifs are present in many natural products and synthetic macrocycles designed against a particular biochemical target. Thiazole and oxazole are particularly common constituents of naturally occurring macrocyclic peptide molecules. This frequency of occurrence is because the thiazole and oxazole rings originate from cysteine, serine, and threonine residues. Whereas other heteroaryl groups are found less frequently, they offer many insightful lessons that range from conformational control to receptor/ligand interactions. Many options to develop new and improved technologies to prepare natural products have appeared in recent years, and the synthetic community has been pursuing synthetic macrocycles that have no precedent in nature. This Review attempts to summarize progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyar
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
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8
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Yñigez-Gutierrez AE, Bachmann BO. Fixing the Unfixable: The Art of Optimizing Natural Products for Human Medicine. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8412-8428. [PMID: 31026161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecules isolated from natural sources including bacteria, fungi, and plants are a long-standing source of therapeutics that continue to add to our medicinal arsenal today. Despite their potency and prominence in the clinic, complex natural products often exhibit a number of liabilities that hinder their development as therapeutics, which may be partially responsible for the current trend away from natural product discovery, research, and development. However, advances in synthetic biology and organic synthesis have inspired a new generation of natural product chemists to tackle powerful undeveloped scaffolds. In this Perspective, we will present case studies demonstrating the historical and current focus on making targeted, but significant, changes to natural product scaffolds via biosynthetic gene cluster manipulation, total synthesis, semisynthesis, or a combination of these methods, with a focus on increasing activity, decreasing toxicity, or improving chemical and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
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9
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Joshi A, Semwal R, Suresh E, Adimurthy S. Pd-Catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted pyridines through denitrogenation of pyridotriazoles and 3,8-diarylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10888-10891. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted pyridines from pyridotriazoles through palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative denitrogenative reactions has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Joshi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Rashmi Semwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
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10
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Abstract
This review describes a selection of macrocyclic natural products and structurally modified analogs containing peptidic and non-peptidic elements as structural features that potentially modulate cellular permeability. Examples range from exclusively peptidic structures like cyclosporin A or phepropeptins to compounds with mostly non-peptidic character, such as telomestatin or largazole. Furthermore, semisynthetic approaches and synthesis platforms to generate general and focused libraries of compounds at the interface of cyclic peptides and non-peptidic macrocycles are discussed.
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11
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Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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12
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LaMarche MJ, Leeds JA, Brewer J, Dean K, Ding J, Dzink-Fox J, Gamber G, Jain A, Kerrigan R, Krastel P, Lee K, Lombardo F, McKenney D, Neckermann G, Osborne C, Palestrant D, Patane MA, Rann EM, Robinson Z, Schmitt E, Stams T, Tiamfook S, Yu D, Whitehead L. Antibacterial and Solubility Optimization of Thiomuracin A. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6920-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Leeds
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Dzink-Fox
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Krastel
- Natural Products
Unit, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David McKenney
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Georg Neckermann
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin Osborne
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Esther Schmitt
- Natural Products
Unit, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stacey Tiamfook
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Donghui Yu
- Infectious
Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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13
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Visible light induced azidation of aldehydic C–H with carbon tetrabromide and sodium azide. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Chellat MF, Raguž L, Riedl R. Targeting Antibiotic Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6600-26. [PMID: 27000559 PMCID: PMC5071768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding strategies against the development of antibiotic resistance is a major global challenge for the life sciences community and for public health. The past decades have seen a dramatic worldwide increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. More and more infections caused by resistant microorganisms fail to respond to conventional treatment, and in some cases, even last-resort antibiotics have lost their power. In addition, industry pipelines for the development of novel antibiotics have run dry over the past decades. A recent world health day by the World Health Organization titled "Combat drug resistance: no action today means no cure tomorrow" triggered an increase in research activity, and several promising strategies have been developed to restore treatment options against infections by resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu F Chellat
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Luka Raguž
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu F. Chellat
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie, FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Luka Raguž
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie, FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie, FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
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16
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Hagui W, Besbes N, Srasra E, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Direct access to 2-(hetero)arylated pyridines from 6-substituted 2-bromopyridines via phosphine-free palladium-catalyzed C–H bond arylations: the importance of the C6 substituent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd(OAc)2 catalyst promotes the arylation of heteroarenes with 6-substituted 2-bromopyridines, via C–H bond activation, providing straightforward access to 2-(hetero)arylpyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wided Hagui
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”
- 35042 Rennes
- France
- Université de Tunis El Manar
| | - Néji Besbes
- Laboratoire Physicochimie des Matériaux Minéraux et leurs Applications
- Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux
- Technopole de Bordj Cedria
- Soliman
- Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Srasra
- Laboratoire Physicochimie des Matériaux Minéraux et leurs Applications
- Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux
- Technopole de Bordj Cedria
- Soliman
- Tunisia
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”
- 35042 Rennes
- France
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17
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Shinomoto Y, Yoshimura A, Shimizu H, Yamazaki M, Zhdankin VV, Saito A. Tetra-n-butylammonium Iodide Catalyzed C–H Azidation of Aldehydes with Thermally Stable Azidobenziodoxolone. Org Lett 2015; 17:5212-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Shinomoto
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Hisato Shimizu
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yamazaki
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Akio Saito
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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18
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Predicting the unpredictable: Recent structure–activity studies on peptide-based macrocycles. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:74-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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A Derivative of the Thiopeptide GE2270A Highly Selective against Propionibacterium acnes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4560-8. [PMID: 25987631 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05155-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical derivative of the thiopeptide GE2270A, designated NAI003, was found to possess a substantially reduced antibacterial spectrum in comparison to the parent compound, being active against just a few Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, NAI003 retained low MICs against all tested isolates of Propionibacterium acnes and, to a lesser extent, against Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, NAI003 showed a time- and dose-dependent killing of both a clindamycin-resistant and a clindamycin-sensitive P. acnes isolate. Gel shift experiments indicated that, like the parent compound, NAI003 retained the ability to bind to elongation factors Tu (EF-Tus) derived from Escherichia coli, E. faecalis, or P. acnes, albeit with reduced efficiency. In contrast, EF-Tus derived from the NAI003-insensitive Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes did not bind this compound. These results were confirmed by in vitro studies using a hybrid translation system, which indicated that NAI003 can inhibit most efficiently protein synthesis driven by the P. acnes EF-Tu. P. acnes mutants resistant to NAI003 were isolated by direct plating. With one exception, all analyzed strains carried mutations in the tuf gene, encoding EF-Tu. Because of its selective effect on P. acnes in comparison to resident skin flora, NAI003 represents a promising candidate for the topical treatment of acne, which has already completed a phase 1 clinical study.
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Zhang F, Kelly WL. Saturation mutagenesis of TsrA Ala4 unveils a highly mutable residue of thiostrepton A. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:998-1009. [PMID: 25572285 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptides are post-translationally processed macrocyclic peptide metabolites, characterized by extensive backbone and side chain modifications that include a six-membered nitrogeneous ring, thiazol(in)e/oxazol(in)e rings, and dehydrated amino acid residues. Thiostrepton A, one of the more structurally complex and well-studied thiopeptides, contains a second macrocycle bearing a quinaldic acid moiety. Antibacterial, antimalarial, and anticancer properties have been described for thiostrepton A and other thiopeptides, although the molecular details for binding the cellular target in each case are not fully elaborated. We previously demonstrated that a mutation of the TsrA core peptide, Ala4Gly, supported the successful production of the corresponding thiostrepton variant. To more thoroughly probe the thiostrepton biosynthetic machinery's tolerance toward structural variation at the fourth position of the TsrA core peptide, we report here the saturation mutagenesis of this residue using a fosmid-dependent biosynthetic engineering method and the isolation of 16 thiostrepton analogues. Several types of side chain substitutions at the fourth position of TsrA, including those that introduce polar or branched hydrophobic residues are accepted, albeit with varied preferences. In contrast, proline and amino acid residues inherently charged at physiological pH are not well-tolerated at the queried site by the thiostrepton biosynthetic system. These newly generated thiostrepton analogues were assessed for their antibacterial activities and abilities to inhibit the proteolytic functions of the eukaryotic 20S proteasome. We demonstrate that the identity of the fourth amino acid residue in the thiostrepton scaffold is not critical for either ribosome or proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wendy L. Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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21
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Rouf A, Tanyeli C. Bioactive thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:911-27. [PMID: 25455640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The heterocycles are the versatile compounds existing in almost all natural products and synthetic organic compounds, usually associated with one or the other biological activity. Among the heterocycles the thiazoles and benzothiazoles occupy a prominent position. They possess a broad range of biological activities and are found in many potent biologically active molecules and drugs such as vitamin thiamine, sulfathiazol (antimicrobial drug), ritonavir (antiretroviral drug), abafungin (antifungal drug) and tiazofurin (antineoplastic drug). The thiazole moiety is abundantly found in natural products while benzothiazole moiety is rare. In this review we disclose the literature reports of thiazoles and benzothiazoles possessing different biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rouf
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Tanyeli
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Engineering von Thiopeptiden: ein multidisziplinärer Weg zu neuen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Thiopeptide engineering: a multidisciplinary effort towards future drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6602-16. [PMID: 24861213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of thiopeptide analogues of antibiotics has allowed some of the limitations inherent to these naturally occurring substances to be overcome. Chemical synthesis, semisynthetic derivatization, and engineering of the biosynthetic pathway have independently led to complementary modifications of various thiopeptides. Some of the new substances have displayed improved profiles, not only as antibiotics, but also as antiplasmodial and anticancer drugs. The design of novel molecules based on the thiopeptide scaffold appears to be the only strategy to exploit the high potential they have shown in vitro. Herein we present the most relevant achievements in the production of thiopeptide analogues and also discuss the way the different approaches might be combined in a multidisciplinary strategy to produce more sophisticated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just-Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) http://www.pcb.ub.edu/fama/htm/home.htm; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
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24
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Gross S, Nguyen F, Bierschenk M, Sohmen D, Menzel T, Antes I, Wilson DN, Bach T. Amythiamicin D and related thiopeptides as inhibitors of the bacterial elongation factor EF-Tu: modification of the amino acid at carbon atom C2 of ring C dramatically influences activity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1954-62. [PMID: 24106106 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three analogues of amythiamicin D, which differ in the substitution pattern at the methine group adjacent to C2 of the thiazole ring C, were prepared by de novo total synthesis. In amythiamicin D, this carbon atom is (S)-isopropyl substituted. Two of the new analogues carry a hydroxymethyl in place of the isopropyl group, one at an S- (compound 3 a) and the other at an R-configured stereogenic center (3 b). The third analogue, 3 c, contains a benzyloxymethyl group at an S-configured stereogenic center. Compounds 3 b and 3 c showed no inhibitory effect toward various bacterial strains, nor did they influence the translation of firefly luciferase. In stark contrast, compound 3 a inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (strains NCTC and Mu50) and Listeria monocytogenes EGD. In the firefly luciferase assay it proved more potent than amythiamicin D, and rescue experiments provided evidence that translation inhibition is due to binding to the bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). The results were rationalized by structural investigations and by molecular dynamics simulations of the free compounds in solution and bound to the EF-Tu binding site. The low affinity of compound 3 b was attributed to the absence of a critical hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the conformation required for binding to EF-Tu. Compound 3 c was shown not to comply with the binding properties of the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gross
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
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25
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Kurosu M, Siricilla S, Mitachi K. Advances in MRSA drug discovery: where are we and where do we need to be? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1095-116. [PMID: 23829425 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.807246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been on the increase during the past decade, due to the steady growth of the elderly and immunocompromised patients, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Although there are a limited number of anti-MRSA drugs available, a number of different combination antimicrobial drug regimens have been used to treat serious MRSA infections. Thus, the addition of several new antistaphylococcal drugs into clinical practice should broaden clinician's therapeutic options. As MRSA is one of the most common and problematic bacteria associated with increasing antimicrobial resistance, continuous efforts for the discovery of lead compounds as well as development of alternative therapies and faster diagnostics are required. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the FDA-approved drugs to treat MRSA infections, the drugs in clinical trials, and the drug leads for MRSA and related Gram-positive bacterial infections. In addition, the article discusses the mode of action of antistaphylococcal molecules and the resistant mechanisms of some molecules. EXPERT OPINION The number of pipeline drugs presently undergoing clinical trials is not particularly encouraging. There are limited and rather expensive therapeutic options for MRSA infections in the critically ill. Further research efforts are required for effective phage therapy on MRSA infections in clinical use, which seem to be attractive therapeutic options for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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26
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LaMarche MJ, Leeds JA, Dzink-Fox J, Gangl E, Krastel P, Neckermann G, Palestrant D, Patane MA, Rann EM, Tiamfook S, Yu D. Antibiotic optimization and chemical structure stabilization of thiomuracin A. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6934-41. [PMID: 22812377 DOI: 10.1021/jm300783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies of the antimicrobial secondary metabolite thiomuracin A (1) were initiated to improve chemical stability and physicochemical properties. Functional group modifications of 1 included removing the C2-C7 side chain, derivatizing the C84 epoxide region, and altering the C44 hydroxyphenylalanine motif. The resulting derivatives simplified and stabilized the chemical structure and were evaluated for antibacterial activity relative to 1. The simplified structure and improved organic solubility of the derivatives facilitated isolation yields from fermentation broths and simplified the procedures involved for the process. These advancements increased material supply for continued medicinal chemistry optimization and culminated in the identification of 2, a structurally simplified and chemically stable analogue of 1 which retained potent antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J LaMarche
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
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27
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LaMarche MJ, Leeds JA, Amaral A, Brewer JT, Bushell SM, Deng G, Dewhurst JM, Ding J, Dzink-Fox J, Gamber G, Jain A, Lee K, Lee L, Lister T, McKenney D, Mullin S, Osborne C, Palestrant D, Patane MA, Rann EM, Sachdeva M, Shao J, Tiamfook S, Trzasko A, Whitehead L, Yifru A, Yu D, Yan W, Zhu Q. Discovery of LFF571: an investigational agent for Clostridium difficile infection. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2376-87. [PMID: 22315981 DOI: 10.1021/jm201685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram positive, anaerobic bacterium that infects the lumen of the large intestine and produces toxins. This results in a range of syndromes from mild diarrhea to severe toxic megacolon and death. Alarmingly, the prevalence and severity of C. difficile infection are increasing; thus, associated morbidity and mortality rates are rising. 4-Aminothiazolyl analogues of the antibiotic natural product GE2270 A (1) were designed, synthesized, and optimized for the treatment of C. difficile infection. The medicinal chemistry effort focused on enhancing aqueous solubility relative to that of the natural product and previous development candidates (2, 3) and improving antibacterial activity. Structure-activity relationships, cocrystallographic interactions, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in animal models of infection were characterized. These studies identified a series of dicarboxylic acid derivatives, which enhanced solubility/efficacy profile by several orders of magnitude compared to previously studied compounds and led to the selection of LFF571 (4) as an investigational new drug for treating C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J LaMarche
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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28
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LaMarche MJ, Leeds JA, Amaral K, Brewer JT, Bushell SM, Dewhurst JM, Dzink-Fox J, Gangl E, Goldovitz J, Jain A, Mullin S, Neckermann G, Osborne C, Palestrant D, Patane MA, Rann EM, Sachdeva M, Shao J, Tiamfook S, Whitehead L, Yu D. Antibacterial Optimization of 4-Aminothiazolyl Analogues of the Natural Product GE2270 A: Identification of the Cycloalkylcarboxylic Acids. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8099-109. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akash Jain
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Profiling, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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In vitro and in vivo activities of novel, semisynthetic thiopeptide inhibitors of bacterial elongation factor Tu. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5277-83. [PMID: 21825297 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00582-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified aminothiazole derivatives of GE2270 A. These novel semisynthetic congeners, like GE2270 A, target the essential bacterial protein elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Medicinal chemistry optimization of lead molecules led to the identification of preclinical development candidates 1 and 2. These cycloalklycarboxylic acid derivatives show activity against difficult to treat Gram-positive pathogens and demonstrate increased aqueous solubility compared to GE2270 A. We describe here the in vitro and in vivo activities of compounds 1 and 2 compared to marketed antibiotics. Compounds 1 and 2 were potent against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MIC(90) ≤ 0.25 μg/ml) but weaker against the streptococci (MIC(90) ≥ 4 μg/ml). Like GE2270 A, the derivatives inhibited bacterial protein synthesis and selected for spontaneous loss of susceptibility via mutations in the tuf gene, encoding EF-Tu. The mutants were not cross-resistant to other antibiotic classes. In a mouse systemic infection model, compounds 1 and 2 protected mice from lethal S. aureus infections with 50% effective doses (ED(50)) of 5.2 and 4.3 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, compounds 1 and 2 protected mice from lethal systemic E. faecalis infections with ED(50) of 0.56 and 0.23 mg/kg, respectively. In summary, compounds 1 and 2 are active in vitro and in vivo activity against difficult-to-treat Gram-positive bacterial infections and represent a promising new class of antibacterials for use in human therapy.
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