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Song H, Xia Y, Zhang T, Dun C, Meng B, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Kang D, Zhan P, Liu X. 5-Cyano substituted diarylpyridines as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs: Rational design, synthesis, and activity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115686. [PMID: 37536208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop more potent HIV-1 inhibitors against a variety of NNRTIs-resistant strains, a series of 5-cyano substituted diarylpyridines was designed based on the cocrystal structural analysis. Among them, I-5b showed the greatest potency (EC50 = 5.62-171 nM) against the wild-type (WT) and mutant HIV-1 strains. Especially for K103 N, I-5b exhibited outstanding activity with EC50 values of 9.37 nM, being much superior to that of NVP (EC50 = 5128 nM) and EFV (EC50 = 114 nM) and comparable to that of ETR (EC50 = 3.45 nM). In addition, the target of all compounds was turned out to be HIV-1 RT with moderate RT enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.094-12.0 μM). Moreover, the binding mode of representative compounds with RT was elaborated via molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Caiyun Dun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bairu Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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2
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Gawali R, Bhosale R, Nagesh N, Masand VH, Jadhav S, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA. Design, synthesis, docking studies and biological screening of 2-pyrimidinyl-2, 3-dihydro-1 H-naphtho [1, 2- e][1, 3] oxazines as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37811783 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 2-pyrimidinyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1, 3]oxazine analogs have been designed and synthesized based on structure-activity relationships from 2-naphthol, substituted pyrimidinyl amines and formalin through ring closure by one-pot three component reaction. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity, cell cycle assay and their inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization. From the MTT assay, it is clear that most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent cytotoxic activities on HeLa (cervical cancer) and B16F10 (melanoma) cancerous cell lines. The compounds 6b and 6k were found to be more effective against HeLa cell lines and exhibited significant cytotoxicity (with IC50 values 1.26 ± 0.12 µM and 1.16 ± 0.27 µM respectively), accumulation of HeLa cells in G2/M phase and exhibiting induced apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry and fluorescence assays showed that these compounds 6b and 6k inhibited the microtubule assembly in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) at 2 µM concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of these molecules revealed their better-fit potential as anticancer molecules and have a high affinity for colchicine binding site, indicating more inhibitory potential at the cellular level. Our studies suggest that the newly synthesized compounds may become promising leads for the development of new anti-cancer agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Gawali
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur, India
| | - Raghunath Bhosale
- Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, P. A. H. Solapur University, Solapur, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEX II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijay H Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, India
| | - Shravan Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sun Y, Zhou Z, Feng D, Jing L, Zhao F, Wang Z, Zhang T, Lin H, Song H, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X, Kang D. Lead Optimization and Avoidance of Metabolic-perturbing Motif Developing Novel Diarylpyrimidines as Potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15608-15626. [PMID: 36411036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) represent an indispensable part of anti-HIV-1 therapy. To discover novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with increased drug resistance profiles and improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, a series of novel diarylpyrimidine derivatives were generated via the cocrystal structure-based drug design strategy. Among them, 36a exhibited outstanding antiviral activity against HIV-1 IIIB and a panel of mutant strains (L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L, E138K, F227L + V106A, and RES056), with EC50 ranging from 2.22 to 53.3 nM. Besides, 36a was identified with higher binding affinity (KD = 2.50 μM) and inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.03 μM) to HIV-1 RT. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to rationalize the design and the improved drug resistance of these novel inhibitors. Additionally, 36a·HCl exhibited favorable PK (T1/2 = 5.12 h, F = 12.1%) and safety properties (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg). All these suggested that 36a·HCl may serve as a novel drug candidate anti-HIV-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Da Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 250012 Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 250012 Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 250012 Jinan, P.R. China
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4
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Wang Z, Cherukupalli S, Xie M, Wang W, Jiang X, Jia R, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Kang D, Zhan P, Liu X. Contemporary Medicinal Chemistry Strategies for the Discovery and Development of Novel HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3729-3757. [PMID: 35175760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a major component of the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. However, the occurrence of drug-resistant strains and adverse reactions after long-term usage have inevitably compromised the clinical application of NNRTIs. Therefore, the development of novel inhibitors with distinct anti-resistance profiles and better pharmacological properties is still an enormous challenge. Herein, we summarize state-of-the-art medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery of potent NNRTIs, such as structure-based design strategies, contemporary computer-aided drug design, covalent-binding strategies, and the application of multi-target-directed ligands. The strategies described here will facilitate the identification of promising HIV-1 NNRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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5
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Chen Q, Wu C, Zhu J, Li E, Xu Z. Therapeutic potential of indole derivatives as anti-HIV agents: A mini-review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:993-1008. [PMID: 34636313 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211012111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one of the leading causes of human deaths. The advent of different anti-HIV drugs over different disease progress has made AIDS/HIV from a deadly infection to chronic and manageable disease. However, the development of multidrug-resistant viruses, together with the severe side effects of anti-HIV agents, compromised their efficacy and limited the treatment options. Indoles, the most common frameworks in the bioactive molecules, represent attractive scaffolds for the design and development of novel drugs. Indole derivatives are potential inhibitors of HIV enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, and some indole-based agents like Delavirdine have already been applied in clinics or under clinical evaluations for the treatment of AIDS/HIV, revealing that indole moiety is a useful template for the development of anti-HIV agents. This review focuses on the recent advancement of indole derivatives including indole alkaloids, hybrids, and dimers with anti-HIV potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The chemical structures, structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000. China
| | - Chongchong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4 Calgary, Alberta. Canada
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000. China
| | - Enzhong Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000. China
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6
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Felicetti T, Pismataro MC, Cecchetti V, Tabarrini O, Massari S. Triazolopyrimidine Nuclei: Privileged Scaffolds for Developing Antiviral Agents with a Proper Pharmacokinetic Profile. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1379-1407. [PMID: 34042030 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526120534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are a continuing threat to global health. The lack or limited therapeutic armamentarium against some viral infections and increasing drug resistance issues make the search for new antiviral agents urgent. In recent years, a growing literature highlighted the use of triazolopyrimidine (TZP) heterocycles in the development of antiviral agents, with numerous compounds that showed potent antiviral activities against different RNA and DNA viruses. TZP core represents a privileged scaffold for achieving biologically active molecules, thanks to: i) the synthetic feasibility that allows to variously functionalize TZPs in the different positions of the nucleus, ii) the ability of TZP core to establish multiple interactions with the molecular target, and iii) its favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In the present review, after mentioning selected examples of TZP-based compounds with varied biological activities, we will focus on those antivirals that appeared in the literature in the last 10 years. Approaches used for their identification, the hit-to-lead studies, and the emerged structure-activity relationship will be described. A mention of the synthetic methodologies to prepare TZP nuclei will also be given. In addition, their mechanism of action, the binding mode within the biological target, and pharmacokinetic properties will be analyzed, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of compounds based on the TZP scaffold, which is increasingly used in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Mohamed AM, El-Sayed WA, Ibrahim AA, Abdel-Hafez NA, Ali KAK, Mohamed SF. Recent Trends in the Chemistry of [1,2,4]Triazole[1,5-a]pyrimidines. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1871310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhussein A. Ibrahim
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Korany A. K. Ali
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Center of Excellence, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa F. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Ma Y, Frutos-Beltrán E, Kang D, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Menéndez-Arias L, Liu X, Zhan P. Medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering antivirals effective against drug-resistant viruses. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4514-4540. [PMID: 33595031 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last forty years we have witnessed impressive advances in the field of antiviral drug discovery culminating with the introduction of therapies able to stop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, or cure hepatitis C virus infections in people suffering from liver disease. However, there are important viral diseases without effective treatments, and the emergence of drug resistance threatens the efficacy of successful therapies used today. In this review, we discuss strategies to discover antiviral compounds specifically designed to combat drug resistance. Currently, efforts in this field are focused on targeted proteins (e.g. multi-target drug design strategies), but also on drug conformation (either improving drug positioning in the binding pocket or introducing conformational constraints), in the introduction or exploitation of new binding sites, or in strengthening interaction forces through the introduction of multiple hydrogen bonds, covalent binding, halogen bonds, additional van der Waals forces or multivalent binding. Among the new developments, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a valid approach taking advantage of intracellular mechanisms involving protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, several molecules targeting host factors (e.g. human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and DEAD-box polypeptide 3) have been identified as broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. Implementation of herein described medicinal chemistry strategies are expected to contribute to the discovery of new drugs effective against current and future threats due to emerging and re-emerging viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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9
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Ding L, Zhuang C, Chen F. Druggability modification strategies of the diarylpyrimidine-type non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1255-1290. [PMID: 33497504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a hot field in medicinal chemistry community for many years. The diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) are the second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) targeting reverse transcriptase, playing a great irreplaceable role in HIV transcriptional therapy. However, fast-growing drug-resistant mutations as nonnegligible challenge are still unpredictably appeared in the clinical practice, leading to deactivate or reduce the existing drugs. In the last 20 years, more and more novel DAPY derivatives have developed with the purpose to counter the mutants. Nevertheless, most of them have dissatisfactory pharmacokinetics (PK) or poor antiviral activity toward resistant mutant strains. In this article, we will analyze the NNRTI derivatives with promising druggability, and summarize a series of druggability modification strategies to improve the antiviral activity, reduce toxicity and improve the PK properties in recent years. The prospects of DAPYs and the directions for future efforts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Vanangamudi M, Nair PC, Engels SEM, Palaniappan S, Namasivayam V. Structural Insights to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Targets and Their Inhibition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:63-95. [PMID: 34258737 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a deadly virus that attacks the body's immune system, subsequently leading to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and ultimately death. Currently, there is no vaccine or effective cure for this infection; however, antiretrovirals that act at various phases of the virus life cycle have been useful to control the viral load in patients. One of the major problems with antiretroviral therapies involves drug resistance. The three-dimensional structure from crystallography studies are instrumental in understanding the structural basis of drug binding to various targets. This chapter provides key insights into different targets and drugs used in the treatment from a structural perspective. Specifically, an insight into the binding characteristics of drugs at the active and allosteric sites of different targets and the importance of targeting allosteric sites for design of new-generation antiretrovirals to overcome complex and resistant forms of the virus has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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vonRanke NL, Ribeiro MMJ, Miceli LA, de Souza NP, Abrahim-Vieira BA, Castro HC, Teixeira VL, Rodrigues CR, Souza AMT. Structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies of diterpenes from marine natural products with anti-HIV activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3185-3195. [PMID: 33183161 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1845977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is a global epidemic whose treatment is limited majorly by viral resistance and adverse effects. Natural products from algae have been studied for many years, including antiviral, being an alternative to anti-HIV drug design. Since the isolation of natural products can be a hurdle, molecular modeling is an important tool to study these compounds. Herein, structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies were performed to direct the studies of ten marine natural products with anti-HIV activity. In the structure-activity relationship, descriptors were identified associating the anti-HIV activity of five diterpenes with possible action on the reverse transcriptase allosteric site. These diterpenes were evaluated by molecular docking, and it was identified that only dolabelladienetriol interacted in the allosteric site. Molecular dynamics suggested that the dolabelladienetriol might interfere with the viral RNA binding to HIV-1 RT by inducing a conformational change of the enzyme. Also, in silico ADMET simulations predicts that the dolabelladienetriol present a high potential to be successfully developed as a drug. Thus, applying in silico approaches was possible to suggest potential anti-HIV compounds derived from marine natural products.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L vonRanke
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M M J Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L A Miceli
- Laboratory of Antibiotics, Biochemistry, Education and Molecular Modeling (LABiEMol), Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - N P de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B A Abrahim-Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H C Castro
- Laboratory of Antibiotics, Biochemistry, Education and Molecular Modeling (LABiEMol), Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - V L Teixeira
- Center for Biological Sciences and Health (CCBS), Rectory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M T Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Shi Z, Li N, Chen C, Wang Y, Lei Z, Chen L, Sun J. Novel NO-releasing scopoletin derivatives induce cell death via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Yang Y, Pannecouque C, Clercq ED, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Privileged scaffold inspired design of novel oxime-biphenyl-DAPYs in treatment of HIV-1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Abdou MM. Synopsis of recent synthetic methods and biological applications of phosphinic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Gambacorta G, Apperley DC, Baxendale IR. A One-Pot Divergent Sequence to Pyrazole and Quinoline Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092160. [PMID: 32380725 PMCID: PMC7249113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxy-pyrazole and 3-hydroxy-oxindole motifs have been utilised in several pharma and agrochemical leads but are distinctly underrepresented in the scientific literature due to the limited routes of preparation. We have developed a one-pot procedure for their synthesis starting from simple isatins. The method employs cheap and easy-to-handle building blocks and allows easy isolation.
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16
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Kang D, Feng D, Ginex T, Zou J, Wei F, Zhao T, Huang B, Sun Y, Desta S, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Exploring the hydrophobic channel of NNIBP leads to the discovery of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:878-894. [PMID: 32528834 PMCID: PMC7280082 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, a series of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed to explore the hydrophobic channel of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket (NNIBP) by incorporating an aromatic moiety to the left wing of the lead K-5a2. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV potency in MT-4 cells and inhibitory activity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited broad-spectrum activity toward wild-type and a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-resistant mutations. Especially, compound 26 exhibited the most potent activity against wild-type and a panel of single mutations (L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L and E138K) with an EC50 ranging from 6.02 to 23.9 nmol/L, which were comparable to those of etravirine (ETR). Moreover, the RT inhibition activity, preliminary structure–activity relationship and molecular docking were also investigated. Furthermore, 26 exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and with a bioavailability of 33.8%. Taken together, the results could provide valuable insights for further optimization and compound 26 holds great promise as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Da Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain
| | - Jinmi Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fenju Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanying Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Samuel Desta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 531 88380270.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 531 88380270.
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17
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Zhang Y, Wong HN, Wu XY, Han J. Chiral iminophosphorane catalyzed asymmetric sulfenylation of 2-substituted alkylcyanoacetates. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Wu Y, Tang C, Rui R, Yang L, Ding W, Wang J, Li Y, Lai CC, Wang Y, Luo R, Xiao W, Zhang H, Zheng Y, He Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones as potential HIV-1 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:512-528. [PMID: 32140396 PMCID: PMC7049619 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC50 values in the range of 0.0038–0.4759 μmol/L. Among those compounds, I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI (selectivity index) of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds I-11 and I-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains (EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9–219.3 nmol/L, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and 4.87 μmol/L for HIV-1A17 (K103N + Y181C). The activity against reverse transcriptase (RT) was also evaluated for those compounds. Both I-11 and I-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition. The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound I-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability. Preliminary structure–activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengrun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruomei Rui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Liumeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiangyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Christopher C. Lai
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yueping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ronghua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
| | - Yanping He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./ fax: +86 871 65035538.
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19
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Lei Y, Han S, Yang Y, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Design of Biphenyl-Substituted Diarylpyrimidines with a Cyanomethyl Linker as HIV-1 NNRTIs via a Molecular Hybridization Strategy. Molecules 2020; 25:E1050. [PMID: 32111013 PMCID: PMC7179183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The key problems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy are the rapid emergence of drug-resistant mutant strains and significant cumulative drug toxicities. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for new anti-HIV agents with low toxicity and broad-spectrum antiviral potency. A series of biphenyl-substituted diarylpyrimidines with a cyanomethyl linker were designed using a molecular hybridization strategy. The cell-based anti-HIV assay showed that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good activities against wild-type HIV-1 and clinically relevant mutant strains with a more favorable toxicity, and the enzymatic assay showed they had nanomolar activity against reverse transcriptase (RT). Compound 10p exhibited the best activity against wild-type HIV-1 with an EC50 (50% HIV-1 replication inhibitory concentration) value of 0.027 µM, an acceptable CC50 (50% cytotoxic concentration) value of 36.4 µM, and selectivity index of 1361, with moderate activities against the single mutants (EC50: E138K, 0.17 µM; Y181C, 0.87 µM; K103N, 0.9 µM; L100I, 1.21 µM, respectively), and an IC50 value of 0.059 µM against the RT enzyme, which was six-fold higher than nevirapine (NVP). The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these new compounds was concluded. The molecular modeling predicted the binding modes of the new compounds with RT, providing molecular insight for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lei
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sheng Han
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.P.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.P.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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20
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Xiao T, Tang JF, Meng G, Pannecouque C, Zhu YY, Liu GY, Xu ZQ, Wu FS, Gu SX, Chen FE. Indazolyl-substituted piperidin-4-yl-aminopyrimidines as HIV-1 NNRTIs: Design, synthesis and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, De Clercq E, Li G. Current and emerging non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for HIV-1 treatment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:813-829. [PMID: 31556749 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1673367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are essential components of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 infections. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of approved and emerging NNRTIs. Areas covered: This review covers the latest trend of NNRTIs regarding their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of drug action, drug resistance as well as new applications such as two-drug regimens and long-acting formulations. Expert opinion: Since the first NNRTI, nevirapine, was approved in 1996, antiviral drug discovery led to the approval of seven NNRTIs, including nevirapine, delavirdine (discontinued), etravirine, elsulfavirine, efavirenz, rilpivirine, and doravirine. The latter three compounds with favorable pharmacodynamic profiles and minimal adverse effects are often combined with one integrase inhibitor or two NRTIs in once-daily fixed-dose tablets. NNRTI-anchored regimens have been approved as initial therapies in treatment-naïve patients (efficacy: 72% to 86%) or maintaining therapies in virologically-suppressed patients (efficacy: 91% to 95%). Future development of NNRTIs includes: (i) better resistance and cross-resistance profiles; (ii) reduction of drug burden by optimizing two-drug or three-drug combinations; and (iii) improvement of patient adherence by novel long-acting formulations with weekly or monthly administration. Overall, NNRTIs play an important role in the management of HIV-1 infections, especially in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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22
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Zhao T, Meng Q, Kang D, Ji J, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Discovery of novel indolylarylsulfones as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs via structure-guided scaffold morphing. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111619. [PMID: 31434039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For more in-depth exploration of the chemical space around the entrance channel of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), a series of novel indolylarylsulfones (IASs) bearing different chiral N-substituted pyrrolidine, azetidine or substituted sulfonamide groups at indole-2-carboxamide were designed and synthesized as potent HIV NNRTIs by structure-guided scaffold morphing approach. All the IASs exhibited moderate to excellent potency against wild-type HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 0.0043 μM to 4.42 μM. Notably, compound 27 (EC50 = 4.7 nM, SI = 5183) and 33 (EC50 = 4.3 nM, SI = 7083) were identified as the most potent compounds, which were more active than nevirapine, lamivudine and efavirenz, and also reached the same order of etravirine. Furthermore, some compounds maintained excellent activity against various single HIV-1 mutants (L100I, K103 N, E138K, Y181C) as well as one double mutant (F227L/V106A) with EC50 values in low-micromolar concentration ranges. Notably, 34 displayed outstanding potency against F227L/V106A (EC50 = 0.094 μM), and also showed exceptional activity against E138K (EC50 = 0.014 μM), L100I (EC50 = 0.011 μM) and K103 N (EC50 = 0.025 μM). Additionally, most compounds showed markedly reduced cytotoxicity (CC50) compared to lead compounds, especially 36 (CC50 > 234.91 μM, SI > 18727) and 37 (CC50 > 252.49 μM, SI > 15152). Preliminary SARs and molecular modeling studies were also discussed in detail, which may provide valuable insights for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Qing Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
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23
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Follow on-based optimization of the biphenyl-DAPYs as HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against the wild-type and mutant strains. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Huang YM, Alharbi NS, Sun B, Shantharam CS, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Synthetic routes and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of anti-HIV agents: A key review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111566. [PMID: 31401538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase of AIDS, an epidemic infection in constant development has an essential and still requires potent antiretroviral chemotherapeutic agents for reducing the integer of deaths caused by HIV. Thus, there is an urgent need for new anti-HIV drug candidates with increased strength, new targets, superior pharmacokinetic properties, and compact side effects. From this viewpoint, we first review present strategies of anti-HIV drug innovation and the synthesis of heterocyclic or natural compound as anti-HIV agents for facilitating the development of more influential and successful anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Deportment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - C S Shantharam
- Department of Chemistry, Pooja Bhagavath Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, Mysuru, 570016, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Romeo R, Iannazzo D, Veltri L, Gabriele B, Macchi B, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Giofrè SV. Pyrimidine 2,4-Diones in the Design of New HIV RT Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E1718. [PMID: 31052607 PMCID: PMC6539630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a-c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhibition of RT HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lucia Veltri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Caterina Frezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Paneth A, Płonka W, Paneth P. Assessment of Nonnucleoside Inhibitors Binding to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Using HYDE Scoring. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020064. [PMID: 31022835 PMCID: PMC6631718 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 48 inhibitors were docked to 107 allosteric centers of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Based on the average binding scores, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) equations were constructed in order to elucidate directions of further development in the design of inhibitors. Such developments, informed by structural data, must have a focus on activity against mutated forms of the enzyme, which are the cause of the emergence of multidrug-resistant viral strains. Docking studies employed the HYDE scoring function. Two types of QSARs have been considered: One based on topological descriptors and the other on structural fragments of the inhibitors. Both methods gave similar results, indicating substructures favoring binding to mutated forms of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Paneth
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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27
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Abdou MM, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Phosphinic acids: current status and potential for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:916-929. [PMID: 30481556 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinic acid derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities and a high degree of structural diversity, rendering them a versatile tool in the development of new medicinal agents. Pronounced recent progress, coupled with previous research findings, highlights the impact of this moiety in medicinal chemistry. Here, we highlight the most important breakthroughs made with phosphinates with a range of pharmacological activities against many diseases, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antiparasitic, antihepatitis, antiproliferative, anti-influenza, anti-HIV, antimalarial, and antimicrobial agents. We also provide the current status of the corresponding prodrugs, drug-delivery systems, and drug applications of phosphinic acids in the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, PO 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK; Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Eric Amigues
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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28
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Čechová L, Dejmek M, Baszczyňski O, Šaman D, Gao L, Hu E, Stepan G, Jansa P, Janeba Z, Šimon P. Synthesis and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of substituted ( o,o-difluorophenyl)-linked-pyrimidines as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother 2019; 27:2040206619826265. [PMID: 30788976 PMCID: PMC6376552 DOI: 10.1177/2040206619826265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the worldwide number of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients stagnant and the increasing emergence of viral strains resistant to current treatment, the development of novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug candidates is a perpetual quest of medicinal chemists. Herein, we report a novel group of diarylpyrimidines, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which represents an important class of current anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapy. Series of diarylpyrimidines containing o,o-difluorophenyl (A-arm), 4-cyanophenylamino (B-arm), and a small substituent (e.g. NH2, OMe) at positions 2, 4, and 6 of the pyrimidine ring were prepared. The A-arm was modified in the para position (F or OMe) and linked to the central pyrimidine core with a variable spacer (CO, O, NH). Antiviral activities of 20 compounds were measured against wild type human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mutant reverse transcriptase strains (K103N, Y181C) using a cytoprotection assay. To the most promising structural motives belong the o,o-difluoro-p-methoxy A-arm in position 4, and the amino group in position 6 of pyrimidine. Single digit nanomolar activities with no significant toxicity (CC50 > 17,000 nM) were found for compounds 35 (EC50 = 2 nM), 37 (EC50 = 3 nM), and 13 (EC50 = 4 nM) having O, NH, and CO linkers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Čechová
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Baszczyňski
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liping Gao
- 2 Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, USA
| | - Eric Hu
- 2 Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, USA
| | | | - Petr Jansa
- 2 Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimon
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Wang Z, Yu Z, Kang D, Zhang J, Tian Y, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel acetamide-substituted doravirine and its prodrugs as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:447-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Kang D, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhao T, Ginex T, Luque FJ, Yang Y, Wu G, Feng D, Wei F, Zhang J, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Chen CH, Lee KH, Murugan NA, Steitz TA, Zhan P, Liu X. Identification of Dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Promising Antiviral Activities and Desirable Physicochemical Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1484-1501. [PMID: 30624934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To address drug resistance to HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a series of novel diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) derivatives targeting "tolerant region I" and "tolerant region II" of the NNRTIs binding pocket (NNIBP) were designed utilizing a structure-guided scaffold-hopping strategy. The dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives 13c2 and 13c4 proved to be exceptionally potent against a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single NNRTI-resistant mutations (EC50 = 0.9-8.4 nM), which were remarkably superior to that of etravirine (ETV). Meanwhile, both compounds exhibited comparable activities with ETV toward the virus with double mutations F227L+V106A and K103N+Y181C. Furthermore, the most active compound 13c2 showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 30.96% and a half-life of 11.1 h, which suggested that 13c2 is worth further investigation as a novel NNRTI to circumvent drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) , University of Barcelona , 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet , Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) , University of Barcelona , 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet , Spain
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8114 , United States
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Da Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Fenju Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Chin Ho Chen
- Surgical Oncology Research Facility , Duke University Medical Center , Box 2926, Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center , China Medical University and Hospital , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - N Arul Murugan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova University Center , S-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Thomas A Steitz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8114 , United States
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
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31
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Namasivayam V, Vanangamudi M, Kramer VG, Kurup S, Zhan P, Liu X, Kongsted J, Byrareddy SN. The Journey of HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) from Lab to Clinic. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4851-4883. [PMID: 30516990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now pandemic. Targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) has been considered as one of the most successful targets for the development of anti-HIV treatment. Among the HIV-1 RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have gained a definitive place due to their unique antiviral potency, high specificity, and low toxicity in antiretroviral combination therapies used to treat HIV. Until now, >50 structurally diverse classes of compounds have been reported as NNRTIs. Among them, six NNRTIs were approved for HIV-1 treatment, namely, nevirapine (NVP), delavirdine (DLV), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETR), rilpivirine (RPV), and doravirine (DOR). In this perspective, we focus on the six NNRTIs and lessons learned from their journey through development to clinical studies. It demonstrates the obligatory need of understanding the physicochemical and biological principles (lead optimization), resistance mutations, synthesis, and clinical requirements for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II , University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy , Tirupathi , Andhra Pradesh 517102 , India
| | | | - Sonali Kurup
- College of Pharmacy , Roosevelt University , Schaumburg , Illinois 60173 , United States
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha 68198-5880 , United States
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32
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Shirvani P, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Recent Advances in the Design and Development of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:52-77. [PMID: 30417561 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have always been an important part of the anti-HIV-1 combination therapy known as combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) since 1996. The use of NNRTIs for about 22 years has led to some mutations in the residues that compose the reverse transcriptase active site, resulting in the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Thus, the search for new potent NNRTIs with an improved safety profile and activity against drug-resistant HIV strains is indispensable, and many hit and lead NNRTIs have been discovered in the last decade. This review provides an overview of the development in this field from 2013 to August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Shirvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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33
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Jin K, Sang Y, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Meng G. Design and synthesis of a novel series of non-nucleoside HIV-1 inhibitors bearing pyrimidine and N-substituted aromatic piperazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3491-3495. [PMID: 30318436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted piperazine-1-yl-pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as a new type of HIV-1 non-nucleoside inhibitors. Various N-substituted aromatic groups were incorporated into the piperazine ring through a simple and practical route to investigate the biological activity of these target compounds against wild-type and resistant strains of HIV-1. All of the target compounds were also evaluated as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in MT-4 cell cultures. The biological results showed that six of these compounds displayed inhibitory activities against the wild-type strain, among of which 7q and 7t were found to be the two most active analogues possessing EC50 values of 31.50 μM and 3.36 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies of 7q provide valuable information for developing new anti-HIV-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiJun Jin
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - YaLi Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Chander S, Tang CR, Penta A, Wang P, Bhagwat DP, Vanthuyne N, Albalat M, Patel P, Sankpal S, Zheng YT, Sankaranarayanan M. Hit optimization studies of 3-hydroxy-indolin-2-one analogs as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:212-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Wang Z, Kang D, Chen M, Wu G, Feng D, Zhao T, Zhou Z, Huo Z, Jing L, Zuo X, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of novel hydrazone-substituted thiophene[3,2-d
]pyrimidine derivatives as potent human immunodeficiency virus-1 inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:2009-2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Meng Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Da Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; K.U. Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; K.U. Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; K.U. Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
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Huang B, Liu X, Tian Y, Kang D, Zhou Z, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. First discovery of a potential carbonate prodrug of NNRTI drug candidate RDEA427 with submicromolar inhibitory activity against HIV-1 K103N/Y181C double mutant strain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Kang D, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wu G, Zhao T, Zhou Z, Huo Z, Huang B, Feng D, Ding X, Zhang J, Zuo X, Jing L, Luo W, Guma S, Daelemans D, Clercq ED, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Further Exploring Solvent-Exposed Tolerant Regions of Allosteric Binding Pocket for Novel HIV-1 NNRTIs Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:370-375. [PMID: 29670703 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the detailed analysis of the binding mode of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) with HIV-1 RT, we designed several subseries of novel NNRTIs, with the aim to probe biologically relevant chemical space of solvent-exposed tolerant regions in NNRTIs binding pocket (NNIBP). The most potent compound 21a exhibited significant activity against the whole viral panel, being about 1.5-2.6-fold (WT, EC50 = 2.44 nM; L100I, EC50 = 4.24 nM; Y181C, EC50 = 4.80 nM; F227L + V106A, EC50 = 17.8 nM) and 4-5-fold (K103N, EC50 = 1.03 nM; Y188L, EC50 = 7.16 nM; E138K, EC50 = 3.95 nM) more potent than the reference drug ETV. Furthermore, molecular simulation was conducted to understand the binding mode of interactions of these novel NNRTIs and to provide insights for the next optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Da Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Samuel Guma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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38
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Huo Z, Zhang H, Kang D, Zhou Z, Wu G, Desta S, Zuo X, Wang Z, Jing L, Ding X, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of Novel Diarylpyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 NNRTIs Targeting the "NNRTI Adjacent" Binding Site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:334-338. [PMID: 29670696 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of diarylpyrimidine derivatives, which could simultaneously occupy the classical NNRTIs binding pocket (NNIBP) and the newly reported "NNRTI Adjacent" binding site, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiviral activities in MT-4 cell cultures. The results demonstrated that six compounds (20, 27 and 31-34) showed excellent activities against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (EC50 = 2.4-3.8 nM), which were more potent than that of ETV (EC50 = 4.0 nM). Furthermore, 20, 27, 33, and 34 showed more potent or equipotent activity against single mutant HIV-1 strains compared to that of ETV. Especially, 20 showed marked antiviral activity, which was 1.5-fold greater against WT and 1.5- to 3-fold greater against L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L, and E138K when compared with ETV. In addition, all compounds showed lower toxicity (CC50 = 5.1-149.2 μM) than ETV (CC50 = 2.2 μM). The HIV-1 RT inhibitory assay was further conducted to confirm their binding target. Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs), molecular modeling, and calculated physicochemical properties of selected compounds were also discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Samuel Desta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
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39
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Tian Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Huang B, Kang D, Zhang H, De Clercq E, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Lee KH, Chen CH, Zhan P, Liu X. Targeting the entrance channel of NNIBP: Discovery of diarylnicotinamide 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with high potency against wild-type and E138K mutant virus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:339-350. [PMID: 29635166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by our previous efforts on the modifications of diarylpyrimidines as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and reported crystallography study, novel diarylnicotinamide derivatives were designed with a "triazole tail" occupying the entrance channel in the NNRTI binding pocket of the reverse transcriptase to afford additional interactions. The newly designed compounds were then synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activities in MT-4 cells. All the compounds showed excellent to good activity against wild-type HIV-1 strain with EC50 of 0.02-1.77 μM. Evaluations of selected compounds against more drug-resistant strains showed these compounds had advantage of inhibiting E138K mutant virus which is a key drug-resistant mutant to the new generation of NNRTIs. Among this series, propionitrile (3b2, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.015 μM, CC50 = 40.15 μM), pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone (3b8, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.014 μM, CC50 = 58.09 μM) and morpholinomethanone (3b9, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.027 μM, CC50 = 180.90 μM) derivatives are the three most promising compounds which are equally potent to the marketed drug Etravirine against E138K mutant strain but with much lower cytotoxicity. Furthermore, detailed SAR, inhibitory activity against RT and docking study of the representative compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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40
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Zhou Z, Liu T, Kang D, Huo Z, Wu G, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of novel diarylpyrimidines as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs by investigating the chemical space of a less explored “hydrophobic channel”. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1014-1028. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We described the identification of novel HIV-1 NNRTIs via exploration of the chemical space of a seldom explored “hydrophobic channel”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- K.U.Leuven
- B-3000 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- K.U.Leuven
- B-3000 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
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41
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Wan Y, Tian Y, Wang W, Gu S, Ju X, Liu G. In silico studies of diarylpyridine derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs using docking-based 3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics, and pharmacophore modeling approaches. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40529-40543. [PMID: 35557880 PMCID: PMC9091378 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel diarylpyridine derivatives has recently been identified as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and most of them exhibited potent activities against HIV-1 strains, with EC50 values in the low nanomolar range. However, the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSARs) and pharmacophore characteristics of these compounds remain to be studied. In the present study, forty-two diarylpyridine derivatives were firstly docked into HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and molecular dynamics (10 ns) simulations were further performed to validate the reliability of the docking results, which indicated that residues Lys101, Tyr181, Tyr188, Phe227, and Trp229 might play important roles in binding with these diarylpyridines. The “U”-shaped docking conformations of all compounds were then used to construct 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore models. The satisfactory statistical parameters of CoMFA (qloo2 = 0.665, rncv2 = 0.989, rpred2 = 0.962, etc.) and CoMSIA (qloo2 = 0.727, rncv2 = 0.988, rpred2 = 0.912, etc.) models demonstrated that both constructed models had excellent predictability, and their contour maps gave insights into the structural requirements of the diarylpyridines for the anti-HIV-1 activity. A docking-conformation-based pharmacophore model, containing three hydrophobic centers, three hydrogen-bond acceptors, and three hydrogen-bond donors, was also established. The observations in this study might provide important information for the rational design and development of novel HIV-1 NNRTIs. Computational modeling approaches were successfully applied to a series of diarylpyridine derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlan Wan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Tian
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
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42
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Kang D, Ding X, Wu G, Huo Z, Zhou Z, Zhao T, Feng D, Wang Z, Tian Y, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of Thiophene[3,2- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 NNRTIs Targeting the Tolerant Region I of NNIBP. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1188-1193. [PMID: 29152052 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies led us to conclude that thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine is a promising scaffold for diarylpyrimidine (DAPY)-type anti-HIV agents with potent activity against resistance-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants (J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, 7991-8007; J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 4424-4443). In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of thiophenepyrimidine derivatives with various substituents in the right wing region of the structure with the aim of developing new interactions with the tolerant region I of the binding pocket of the HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI), and we evaluated their activity against a panel of mutant HIV-1 strains. All the derivatives exhibited moderate to excellent potency against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 in MT-4 cells. Among them, sulfonamide compounds 9b and 9d were single-figure-nanomolar inhibitors with EC50 values of 9.2 and 7.1 nM, respectively. Indeed, 9a and 9d were effective against the whole viral panel except RES056. Notably, both compounds showed potent antiviral activity against K103N (EC50 = 0.032 and 0.070 μM) and E138K (EC50 = 0.035 and 0.045 μM, respectively). Furthermore, 9a and 9d exhibited high affinity for WT HIV-1 RT (IC50 = 1.041 and 1.138 μM, respectively) and acted as classical NNRT inhibitors (NNRTIs). These results are expected to be helpful in the design of thiophenepyrimidine-based NNRTIs with more potent activity against HIV strains with RT mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Da Feng
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry
of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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43
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Liu Z, Tian Y, Liu J, Huang B, Kang D, De Clercq E, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of novel diarylpyridine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:383-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Huang Y, Li X, Wang X, Yu Y, Zheng J, Wu W, Jiang H. Copper-catalyzed cyanothiolation to incorporate a sulfur-substituted quaternary carbon center. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7047-7051. [PMID: 29147532 PMCID: PMC5637458 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-containing nitriles have important research value in the life sciences due to their diverse biological activities resulting from the sulfur and cyano functional groups. Herein, a copper-catalyzed cyanothiolation of N-tosylhydrazones with thiocyanates to generate α-arylthioalkanenitriles bearing sulfur-substituted quaternary carbon center atoms has been described. This novel protocol involves the procedure of copper carbene species promoting S-CN bond cleavage and C-CN/C-S bond reconstruction to introduce both sulfur and cyano groups onto a single carbon center. This cyanothiolation reaction will greatly enhance the synthetic utility of carbenoid species as new entries for the construction of diverse heteroatom-containing nitriles via cyanofunctionalization of metal-carbene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Xianwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . ;
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45
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Huang B, Wang X, Liu X, Chen Z, Li W, Sun S, Liu H, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of novel DAPY-IAS hybrid derivatives as potential HIV-1 inhibitors using molecular hybridization based on crystallographic overlays. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4397-4406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Huang Y, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhu C, Cen J, Li X, Wu W, Jiang H. Copper-Catalyzed Cyanation of N-Tosylhydrazones with Thiocyanate Salt as the “CN” Source. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7621-7627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinghe Cen
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Searching for novel N 1-substituted benzimidazol-2-ones as non-nucleoside HIV-1 RT inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3861-3870. [PMID: 28559060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) represent an integral part of the currently available combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) contributing to reduce the AIDS-mortality and turned the disease from lethal to chronic. In this context we recently reported a series of 6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ones as potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In this paper, we describe the design and the synthesis of two novel series of benzimidazolone analogues in which the linker moiety between the phenyl ring and the sulfonyl group was modified and new small lipophilic groups on the benzyl sulfonyl pendant were introduced. All the new obtained compounds were evaluated as RT inhibitors and were also tested against RTs containing single amino acid mutations. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed in order to rationalize the observed activity of the most promising compound.
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Kang D, Fang Z, Huang B, Lu X, Zhang H, Xu H, Huo Z, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Meng Q, Wu G, Ding X, Tian Y, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Structure-Based Optimization of Thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Improved Potency against Resistance-Associated Variants. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4424-4443. [PMID: 28481112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work follows on from our initial discovery of a series of piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) ( J. Med. Chem. 2016 , 59 , 7991 - 8007 ). In the present study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically tested several series of new derivatives in order to investigate previously unexplored chemical space. Some of the synthesized compounds displayed single-digit nanomolar anti-HIV potencies against wild-type (WT) virus and a panel of NNRTI-resistant mutant viruses in MT-4 cells. Compound 25a was exceptionally potent against the whole viral panel, affording 3-4-fold enhancement of in vitro antiviral potency against WT, L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L, E138K, and K103N+Y181C and 10-fold enhancement against F227L+V106A relative to the reference drug etravirine (ETV) in the same cellular assay. The structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity, and cardiotoxicity were also examined. Overall, the results indicate that 25a is a promising new drug candidate for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zengjun Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China.,The Second Hospital of Shandong University , no. 247 Beiyuan Avenue, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Qing Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong P.R. China
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Zhang H, Tian Y, Kang D, Huo Z, Zhou Z, Liu H, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of uracil-bearing DAPYs derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs via crystallographic overlay-based molecular hybridization. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:209-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Kang D, Huo Z, Wu G, Xu J, Zhan P, Liu X. Novel fused pyrimidine and isoquinoline derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs: a patent evaluation of WO2016105532A1, WO2016105534A1 and WO2016105564A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:383-391. [PMID: 28276283 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1303046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the three patent applications, the impact of changing the pyrimidine core of the rilpivirine (RPV) to a variety of alternative fused cores was explored, culminating in the identification of a series of conformationally restricted compounds with comparable potencies against WT and mutant HIV-1 strains with those of efavirenz (EFV) and RPV, and higher security in the Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) assay. Areas covered: The present review provides a fused pyrimidine and isoquinoline derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs, and highlights the conformational restriction strategies in the development of NNRTIs. Expert opinion: The molecular docking analysis of the newly synthesized compounds maintain the classical horseshoe conformation and shares similar binding mode with RPV. The conformational restriction strategies have greatly accelerated the optimization of the DAPY NNRTIs and contribute to finding new chemical entities (NCEs) with favorable druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
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