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Ucheniya K, Jat PK, Chouhan A, Yadav L, Badsara SS. Electrochemical selective divergent C-H chalcogenocyanation of N-heterocyclic scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3220-3224. [PMID: 38577798 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical direct selective C-H chalcogenocyanation approach for indolizine derivatives under mild conditions has been described. Cyclic enone-fused, chromone-fused and 2-substituted indolizines possessing EDGs (electron donating groups) and EWGs (electron withdrawing groups) were successfully reacted with NH4SCN and KSeCN under electrochemical conditions to provide a wide array of mono and bis-chalcogenocyanate-indolizines in 75-94% yields. In addition, 1-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinolines were also successfully chalcogenocyanated under the optimized reaction conditions providing a platform for the synthesis of pharmaceutically privileged molecules. By switching the reaction conditions, the developed protocol offers selective synthesis of C-3 thiocyanate and 1,3 bis-thiocyanate indolizines in good to excellent yields under catalyst-free conditions. On the basis of control experiments and cyclic voltammetry data, a plausible reaction pathway is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Ucheniya
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
| | - Pooja Kumari Jat
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
| | - Amreen Chouhan
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
| | - Lalit Yadav
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
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Akinnusi PA, Olubode SO, Adebesin AO, Alade AA, Nwoke VC, Shodehinde SA. Optimal molecular binding data and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel potential triple-action inhibitors of chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor in the treatment of asthma. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37947895 PMCID: PMC10638233 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic and complex pulmonary condition that affects the airways. A total of 250,000 asthma-related deaths are recorded annually and several proteins including chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. Different anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed for the treatment of asthma, particularly corticosteroids, but the associated adverse reactions cannot be overlooked. It is therefore of interest to identify and develop small molecule inhibitors of the integral proteins associated with asthma that have very little or no side effects. Herein, a molecular modeling approach was employed to screen the bioactive compounds in Chromolaena odorata and identify compounds with high binding affinity to the protein targets. RESULTS Five compounds were identified after rigorous and precise molecular screening namely (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, ombuine, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. These compounds generally showed impressive binding to all the targets understudy. However, chlorogenic acid, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside showed better prospects in terms of triple-action inhibition. Further pulmonary and oral pharmacokinetics showed positive results for all the reported compounds. The generated pharmacophore model showed hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor, and aromatic rings as basic structural features required for triple action inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that these compounds could be explored as triple-action inhibitors of the protein targets. They are, therefore, recommended for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor Chinedu Nwoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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3
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Chouhan A, Ucheniya K, Yadav L, Jat PK, Gurjar A, Badsara SS. Electrochemical direct C-H mono and bis-chalcogenation of indolizine frameworks under oxidant-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7643-7653. [PMID: 37682240 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclosed a sustainable electrochemical approach for site-selective C-H mono and bis-chalcogenation (sulfenylation or selenylation) of indolizine frameworks. Diversely functionalized disulfides and diselenides possessing EDGs and EWGs were successfully reacted with a variety of indolizines to directly access sulfenylated/selenylated indolizines in 40-96% yields. A mechanistic radical pathway was also validated with control experiments and cyclic voltammogram data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Chouhan
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Kusum Ucheniya
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Lalit Yadav
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Pooja Kumari Jat
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Asha Gurjar
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
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4
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Yin R, Huang KX, Huang LA, Ji M, Zhao H, Li K, Gao A, Chen J, Li Z, Liu T, Shively JE, Kandeel F, Li J. Indole-Based and Cyclopentenylindole-Based Analogues Containing Fluorine Group as Potential 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) G-Protein Coupled Receptor 44 (GPR44) Tracers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1203. [PMID: 37765011 PMCID: PMC10534865 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, growing evidence of the relationship between G-protein coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) and the inflammation-cancer system has garnered tremendous interest, while the exact role of GPR44 has not been fully elucidated. Currently, there is a strong and urgent need for the development of non-invasive in vivo GPR44 positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that can be used to aid the exploration of the relationship between inflammation and tumor biologic behavior. Accordingly, the choosing and radiolabeling of existing GPR44 antagonists containing a fluorine group could serve as a viable method to accelerate PET tracers development for in vivo imaging to this purpose. The present study aims to evaluate published (2000-present) indole-based and cyclopentenyl-indole-based analogues of the GPR44 antagonist to guide the development of fluorine-18 labeled PET tracers that can accurately detect inflammatory processes. The selected analogues contained a crucial fluorine nuclide and were characterized for various properties including binding affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile. Overall, 26 compounds with favorable to strong binding properties were identified. This review highlights the potential of GPR44 analogues for the development of PET tracers to study inflammation and cancer development and ultimately guide the development of targeted clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Yin
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lina A. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Melinda Ji
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hanyi Zhao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kathy Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anna Gao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tianxiong Liu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Hui J, Ma Y, Zhao J, Cao H. Recent advances in the synthesis of indolizine and its derivatives by radical cyclization/cross-coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10245-10258. [PMID: 34792087 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Indolizine is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle that has a variety of potential biological activities, and some indolizine derivatives with excellent fluorescence properties can even be used as organic fluorescent molecules for biological and material applications. Thus, many approaches for their synthesis have been developed. Among them, radical-induced synthetic approaches are receiving increasing attention owing to their unique advantages, such as efficient heterocycle construction, efficient C-C or C-X bond construction, and high atom- and step-economy. This review systematically examines the current and latest synthetic strategies using radical species or radical intermediates for synthesizing indolizines and their derivatives. This review is classified into two parts based on the type of building blocks used for indolizine ring construction and the type of radical trigger for indolizine derivative construction. We anticipate that this review will provide a deep understanding of this topic, and ultimately help researchers to develop novel approaches for the synthesis of indolizine and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Hui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China.
| | - Yanlong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China.
| | - Jiaji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China.
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China.
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The impact of CRTH2 antagonist OC 000459 on pulmonary function of asthma patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:566-571. [PMID: 34658695 PMCID: PMC8501448 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.92296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chemoattractant receptor expressed on T-helper (Th) type 2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist OC 000459 showed the potential in improving pulmonary function of asthma patients. Aim We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of CRTH2 antagonist OC 000459 on pulmonary function for asthma. Material and methods PubMed, Embase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of CRTH2 antagonist OC 000459 on pulmonary function for asthma. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Results Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with the control intervention for asthma patients, CRTH2 antagonist OC 000459 could significantly improve FEV1 (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.02–0.42; p = 0.03), peak expiratory flow (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.01–0.42; p = 0.04) and reduce the respiratory tract infection (RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26–0.85; p = 0.01), but revealed no remarkable effect on predicted FEV1 (SMD = 0.14; 95% CI: –0.18 to 0.45; p = 0.39), or treatment-related adverse events (RR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.52–1.36; p = 0.48). Conclusions CRTH2 antagonist OC 000459 might be effective and safe to improve pulmonary function in asthma patients.
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The pharmacology of the prostaglandin D 2 receptor 2 (DP 2) receptor antagonist, fevipiprant. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 68:102030. [PMID: 33826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fevipiprant is an oral, non-steroidal, highly selective, reversible antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 (DP2) receptor. The DP2 receptor is a mediator of inflammation expressed on the membrane of key inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, basophils and monocytes, as well as airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells. The DP2 receptor pathway regulates the allergic and non-allergic asthma inflammatory cascade and is activated by the binding of prostaglandin D2. Fevipiprant is metabolised by several uridine 5'-diphospho glucuronosyltransferase enzymes to an inactive acyl-glucuronide (AG) metabolite, the only major human metabolite. Both fevipiprant and its AG metabolite are eliminated by urinary excretion; fevipiprant is also possibly cleared by biliary excretion. These parallel elimination pathways suggested a low risk of major drug-drug interactions (DDI), pharmacogenetic or ethnic variability for fevipiprant, which was supported by DDI and clinical studies of fevipiprant. Phase II clinical trials of fevipiprant showed reduction in sputum eosinophilia, as well as improvement in lung function, symptoms and quality of life in patients with asthma. While fevipiprant reached the most advanced state of development to date of an oral DP2 receptor antagonist in a worldwide Phase III clinical trial programme, the demonstrated efficacy did not support further clinical development in asthma.
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Huang LA, Huang KX, Tu J, Kandeel F, Li J. Ramatroban-Based Analogues Containing Fluorine Group as Potential 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) G-Protein Coupled Receptor 44 (GPR44) Tracers. Molecules 2021; 26:1433. [PMID: 33800801 PMCID: PMC7961607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes remains one of the fastest growing chronic diseases and is a leading source of morbidity and accelerated mortality in the world. Loss of beta cell mass (BCM) and decreased sensitivity to insulin underlie diabetes pathogenesis. Yet, the ability to safely and directly assess BCM in individuals with diabetes does not exist. Measures such as blood glucose provide only a crude indirect picture of beta cell health. PET imaging could, in theory, allow for safe, direct, and precise characterization of BCM. However, identification of beta cell-specific radiolabeled tracers remains elusive. G-protein coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a transmembrane protein that was characterized in 2012 as highly beta cell-specific within the insulin-positive islets of Langerhans. Accordingly, radiolabeling of existing GPR44 antagonists could be a viable method to accelerate PET tracer development. The present study aims to evaluate and summarize published analogues of the GPR44 antagonist ramatroban to develop 18F-labeled PET tracers for BCM analysis. The 77 corresponding ramatroban analogues containing a fluorine nuclide were characterized for properties including binding affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile, and 32 compounds with favorable properties were identified. This review illustrates the potential of GPR44 analogues for the development of PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.A.H.); (K.X.H.); (J.T.); (F.K.)
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Johnsson AK, Choi JH, Rönnberg E, Fuchs D, Kolmert J, Hamberg M, Dahlén B, Wheelock CE, Dahlén SE, Nilsson G. Selective inhibition of prostaglandin D 2 biosynthesis in human mast cells to overcome need for multiple receptor antagonists: Biochemical consequences. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:594-603. [PMID: 33449404 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major mast cell prostanoid PGD2 is targeted for therapy of asthma and other diseases, because the biological actions include bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and regulation of immune cells mediated by three different receptors. It is not known if the alternative to selectively inhibit the biosynthesis of PGD2 affects release of other prostanoids in human mast cells. OBJECTIVES To determine the biochemical consequences of inhibition of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (hPGDS) PGD2 in human mast cells. METHODS Four human mast cell models, LAD2, cord blood derived mast cells (CBMC), peripheral blood derived mast cells (PBMC) and human lung mast cells (HLMC), were activated by anti-IgE or ionophore A23187. Prostanoids were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS All mast cells almost exclusively released PGD2 when activated by anti-IgE or A23187. The biosynthesis was in all four cell types entirely initiated by COX-1. When pharmacologic inhibition of hPGDS abolished formation of PGD2 , PGE2 was detected and release of TXA2 increased. Conversely, when the thromboxane synthase was inhibited, levels of PGD2 increased. Adding exogenous PGH2 confirmed predominant conversion to PGD2 under control conditions, and increased levels of TXB2 and PGE2 when hPGDS was inhibited. However, PGE2 was formed by non-enzymatic degradation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of hPGDS effectively blocks mast cell dependent PGD2 formation. The inhibition was associated with redirected use of the intermediate PGH2 and shunting into biosynthesis of TXA2 . However, the levels of TXA2 did not reach those of PGD2 in naïve cells. It remains to determine if this diversion occurs in vivo and has clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Johnsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Fuchs
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Asthma and Allergy Research Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Issahaku AR, Agoni C, Soremekun OS, Kubi PA, Kumi RO, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Same Target, Different Therapeutic Outcomes: The Case of CAY10471 and Fevipiprant on CRTh2 Receptor in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 22:521-533. [PMID: 31538888 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190919113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostaglandin 2 (PGD2) mediated signalling of Chemoattractant Receptorhomologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2) receptor has been implicated in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. This explains the design of highly selective compounds with innate abilities to antagonize PGD2-CRTh2 interactions and prevent pro-inflammatory allergies such as rhinitis and uncontrolled asthma. The development of PGD2-competitive CRTh2 binders; CAY10471 and Fevipiprant represent remarkable therapeutic progress even though they elicit disparate pharmacological propensities despite utilizing the same binding pocket. METHODS & RESULTS In this study, we seek to pinpoint the underlying phenomenon associated with differential CRTh2 therapeutic inhibition by CAY10471 and Fevipiprant using membraneembedded molecular dynamics simulation. Findings revealed that the common carboxylate group of both compounds elicited strong attractive charges with active site Arg170 and Lys210. Interestingly, a distinctive feature was the steady occurrence of high-affinity salt-bridges and an Arg170-mediated pi-cation interaction with the tetrahydrocarbozole ring of CAY10471. Further investigations into the active site motions of both ligands revealed that CAY10471 was relatively more stable. Comparative binding analyses also revealed that CAY10471 exhibited higher ΔG, indicating the cruciality of the ring stabilization role mediated by Arg170. Moreover, conformational analyses revealed that the inhibitory activity of CAY10471 was more prominent on CRTh2 compared to Fevipiprant. CONCLUSIONS These findings could further advance the strategic design of novel CRTh2 binders in the treatment of diseases related to pro-inflammatory allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul R Issahaku
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Patrick A Kubi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ransford O Kumi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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11
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Penteado F, Gomes CS, Monzon LI, Perin G, Silveira CC, Lenardão EJ. Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3-Sulfanyl- and 1,3-Bis(sulfanyl)indolizines Mediated by Visible Light. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Loana I. Monzon
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Claudio C. Silveira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM; CEP: 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the past decades, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and prostaglandin D2 have been recognized as key mediators of asthma and comorbid conditions for their potent broncho-active and proinflammatory properties. However, both the development and initial positioning of small molecules targeting these lipid mediators [i.e., leukotriene-synthesis inhibitors, CysLT-antagonists, and chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on T-helper2-cells (CRTH2) antagonists] experienced drawbacks by lacking adequate biomarkers to define potential responders. RECENT FINDINGS New insights into the mechanisms of airway inflammation in asthma including the interaction of leukotrienes and prostanoids has uncovered potential therapeutic targets. Emerging application of biomarkers in more recent clinical studies helped identify responders to therapies targeting lipid mediators and demonstrated their clinical efficacy in distinct asthma phenotypes and endotypes. SUMMARY Interest in small molecules targeting lipid mediators in asthma and related conditions is emerging. Several clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of CRTH2 (Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2) antagonists are ongoing. There is an urgent need for sensitive biomarkers to identify responders to such therapies and for monitoring of (long-term) effects. Furthermore, evaluation of effectiveness of combining different agents targeting lipid mediators or combining them with available or emerging biologics may uncover other potential benefits in certain asthma populations warranting future research.
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. Although asthma was once simply categorized as atopic or nonatopic, emerging analyses over the last few decades have revealed a variety of asthma endotypes that are attributed to numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. The classification of asthma by endotype is primarily routed in different profiles of airway inflammation that contribute to bronchoconstriction. Many asthma therapeutics target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which either enhance bronchodilation or prevent bronchoconstriction. Short-acting and long-acting β 2-agonists are widely used bronchodilators that signal through the activation of the β 2-adrenergic receptor. Short-acting and long-acting antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are used to reduce bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of acetylcholine. Leukotriene antagonists that block the signaling of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 are used as an add-on therapy to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation induced by cysteinyl leukotrienes. A number of GPCR-targeting asthma drug candidates are also in different stages of development. Among them, antagonists of prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 have advanced into phase III clinical trials. Others, including antagonists of the adenosine A2B receptor and the histamine H4 receptor, are in early stages of clinical investigation. In the past decade, significant research advancements in pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology, and molecular physiology have greatly deepened our understanding of the therapeutic roles of GPCRs in asthma and drug action on these GPCRs. This review summarizes our current understanding of GPCR signaling and pharmacology in the context of asthma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although current treatment methods for asthma are effective for a majority of asthma patients, there are still a large number of patients with poorly controlled asthma who may experience asthma exacerbations. This review summarizes current asthma treatment methods and our understanding of signaling and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in asthma therapy, and discusses controversies regarding the use of GPCR drugs and new opportunities in developing GPCR-targeting therapeutics for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
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14
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Bisag GD, Pecorari D, Mazzanti A, Bernardi L, Fochi M, Bencivenni G, Bertuzzi G, Corti V. Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Conversion Approach Designed on Organocatalytic Enantioselective Povarov Cycloadditions: First Access to Configurationally Stable Indole–Quinoline Atropisomers. Chemistry 2019; 25:15694-15701. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgiana Denisa Bisag
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Fochi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgio Bencivenni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Vasco Corti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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15
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Vyalyh JV, Suzdalev KF, Lisovin AV, Kletskii ME, Burov ON, Kurbatov SV. From 3-Acyl-2-methylindoles to γ-Carbolines: Li-Promoted Cycloaddition Reaction and Its Quantum Chemical Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13721-13732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Vyalyh
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | | | - Anton V. Lisovin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Kletskii
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Burov
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Kurbatov
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
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16
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Penteado F, Gomes CS, Perin G, Garcia CS, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA, Lenardão EJ. Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Sulfanyl- and 1-Selanylindolizines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7189-7198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleisson S. Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F. Bortolatto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - César A. Brüning
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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17
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Wang L, Yao D, Deepak RNVK, Liu H, Xiao Q, Fan H, Gong W, Wei Z, Zhang C. Structures of the Human PGD 2 Receptor CRTH2 Reveal Novel Mechanisms for Ligand Recognition. Mol Cell 2018; 72:48-59.e4. [PMID: 30220562 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The signaling of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) CRTH2 is a major pathway in type 2 inflammation. Compelling evidence suggests the therapeutic benefits of blocking CRTH2 signaling in many inflammatory disorders. Currently, a number of CRTH2 antagonists are under clinical investigation, and one compound, fevipiprant, has advanced to phase 3 clinical trials for asthma. Here, we present the crystal structures of human CRTH2 with two antagonists, fevipiprant and CAY10471. The structures, together with docking and ligand-binding data, reveal a semi-occluded pocket covered by a well-structured amino terminus and different binding modes of chemically diverse CRTH2 antagonists. Structural analysis suggests a ligand entry port and a binding process that is facilitated by opposite charge attraction for PGD2, which differs significantly from the binding pose and binding environment of lysophospholipids and endocannabinoids, revealing a new mechanism for lipid recognition by GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dandan Yao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - R N V Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qingpin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Weimin Gong
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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18
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Debeuf N, Lambrecht BN. Eicosanoid Control Over Antigen Presenting Cells in Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2006. [PMID: 30233591 PMCID: PMC6131302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. Allergic asthma is recognized as a prototypical Th2 disorder, orchestrated by an aberrant adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th2/Th17) cell immune response against airborne allergens, that leads to eosinophilic inflammation, reversible bronchoconstriction, and mucus overproduction. Other forms of asthma are controlled by an eosinophil-rich innate ILC2 response driven by epithelial damage, whereas in some patients with more neutrophilia, the disease is driven by Th17 cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are crucial regulators of type 2 immunity in asthma. Numerous lipid mediators including the eicosanoids prostaglandins and leukotrienes influence key functions of these cells, leading to either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss how eicosanoids affect the functions of DCs and macrophages in the asthmatic lung and how this leads to aberrant T cell differentiation that causes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Huang X, Brubaker J, Zhou W, Biju PJ, Xiao L, Shao N, Huang Y, Dong L, Liu Z, Bitar R, Buevich A, Jung J, Peterson SL, Butcher JW, Close J, Martinez M, MacCoss RN, Zhang H, Crawford S, McCormick KD, Aslanian R, Nargund R, Correll C, Gervais F, Qiu H, Yang X, Garlisi C, Rindgen D, Maloney KM, Siliphaivanh P, Palani A. Discovery of MK-8318, a Potent and Selective CRTh2 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Asthma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:679-684. [PMID: 30034600 PMCID: PMC6047040 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of tricyclic tetrahydroquinolines were identified as potent and selective CRTh2 receptor antagonists. The agonism and antagonism switch was achieved through structure-based drug design (SBDD) using a CRTh2 receptor homologue model. The challenge of very low exposures in pharmacokinetic studies was overcome by exhaustive medicinal chemistry lead optimization through focused SAR studies on the tricyclic core. Further optimization resulted in the identification of the preclinical candidate 4-(cyclopropyl((3aS,9R,9aR)-7-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinolin-9-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid (15c, MK-8318) with potent and selective CRTh2 antagonist activity and a favorable PK profile suitable for once daily oral dosing for potential treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Huang
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jason Brubaker
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Purakkattle J. Biju
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ning Shao
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Dong
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Rema Bitar
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joon Jung
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Scott L. Peterson
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John W. Butcher
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joshua Close
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle Martinez
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel N. MacCoss
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Scott Crawford
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kevin D. McCormick
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Aslanian
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi Nargund
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Craig Correll
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Francois Gervais
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongchen Qiu
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Charles Garlisi
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Diane Rindgen
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Discovery Chemistry and Immunology, Merck Research
Laboratory, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Discovery
Chemistry, In Vitro Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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20
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Trabanelli S, Gomez-Cadena A, Salomé B, Michaud K, Mavilio D, Landis BN, Jandus P, Jandus C. Human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): Toward a uniform immune-phenotyping. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:392-399. [PMID: 29244250 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the most recently identified population of the ILC family, play a fundamental role in the restoration of tissue integrity, in the protection against infiltrating pathogens as well as in tumor immune-surveillance. ILCs have been divided into three main subsets, ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, that can be specifically activated by different signals coming either indirectly from pathogens or from other cell populations, including cancer cells. Following activation, ILCs are in turn able to promptly secrete a wide range of soluble mediators that modulate effector cell functions. The discovery and the study of these immune cells is now offering important opportunities for innovative therapies of allergic airway diseases, inflammatory disorders and might be crucial for the discovery of new targets for the therapy of cancer. It is therefore fundamental that the scientific community establishes harmonized guidelines to obtain a consensus in the identification and phenotypical and functional characterization of ILCs. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bérengère Salomé
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Michaud
- University Center of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Basile Nicolas Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jandus
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialities, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Dhiman S, Rhodes S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Jha M. Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Imine Formation, Sonogashira Coupling and Intramolecular Hydroamination: A Facile Synthesis of 3-Aryl-γ−carbolines. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; Nipissing University; North Bay, ON P1B 8 L7 Canada, Fax: +1-705-4741947, Tel: +1-705-4743450 ex 4814
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Pilani 333031 India, Tel: +91-1596-515663, Fax: +91-1596-244183
| | - Steven Rhodes
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; Nipissing University; North Bay, ON P1B 8 L7 Canada, Fax: +1-705-4741947, Tel: +1-705-4743450 ex 4814
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Pilani 333031 India, Tel: +91-1596-515663, Fax: +91-1596-244183
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Pilani 333031 India, Tel: +91-1596-515663, Fax: +91-1596-244183
| | - Mukund Jha
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; Nipissing University; North Bay, ON P1B 8 L7 Canada, Fax: +1-705-4741947, Tel: +1-705-4743450 ex 4814
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22
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Huang X, Rao A, Zhou W, Aslanian R, Nargund R, Buevich A, Zhang LK, Qiu H, Yang X, Garlisi CG, Correll C, Palani A. The synthesis of 2,3,6-trisubstituted 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines as potent CRTh 2 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5344-5348. [PMID: 29110986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic methods were developed for the preparation of 2,3,6-trisubstituted 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines as CRTh2 antagonists. The isoquinolinone core could be constructed before the introduction of substitution groups or synthesized through a catalytic intramolecular cyclization reaction with desired substitution groups properly installed. These synthetic strategies have helped to accelerate the SAR development of this series, and potent lead compounds were identified in both the CRTh2 receptor binding assay and the CD11b biomarker assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Huang
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Ashwin Rao
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Robert Aslanian
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ravi Nargund
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Process Research and Development, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li-Kang Zhang
- Process Research and Development, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Hongchen Qiu
- In Vitro Pharmacology, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- In Vitro Pharmacology, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles G Garlisi
- In Vitro Pharmacology, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig Correll
- Immunology, MRL, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anandan Palani
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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23
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Kato T, Iwasaki H, Kobayashi H, Miyagawa N, Matsuo A, Hata T, Matsushita M. JTE-852, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks mediator secretion from mast cells with immunoglobulin E crosslinking. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 801:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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25
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Tait Wojno ED, Artis D. Emerging concepts and future challenges in innate lymphoid cell biology. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2229-2248. [PMID: 27811053 PMCID: PMC5068238 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate immune cells that are ubiquitously distributed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and enriched at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Three major ILC subsets are recognized in mice and humans. Each of these subsets interacts with innate and adaptive immune cells and integrates cues from the epithelium, the microbiota, and pathogens to regulate inflammation, immunity, tissue repair, and metabolic homeostasis. Although intense study has elucidated many aspects of ILC development, phenotype, and function, numerous challenges remain in the field of ILC biology. In particular, recent work has highlighted key new questions regarding how these cells communicate with their environment and other cell types during health and disease. This review summarizes new findings in this rapidly developing field that showcase the critical role ILCs play in directing immune responses through their ability to interact with a variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. In addition, we define remaining challenges and emerging questions facing the field. Finally, this review discusses the potential application of basic studies of ILC biology to the development of new treatments for human patients with inflammatory and infectious diseases in which ILCs play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia D Tait Wojno
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065.,Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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26
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Targeting mast cells: Uncovering prolific therapeutic role in myriad diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:362-384. [PMID: 27694038 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mast cells are integral part of immune system and they have pleiotropic physiological functions in our body. Any type of abnormal stimuli causes the mast cells receptors to spur the otherwise innocuous mast cells to degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histamine, cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins. These mediators are involved in various diseases like allergy, asthma, mastocytosis, cardiovascular disorders, etc. Herein, we describe the receptors involved in degranulation of mast cells and are broadly divided into four categories: G-protein coupled receptors, ligand gated ion channels, immunoreceptors and pattern recognition receptors. Although, activation of pattern recognition receptors do not cause mast cell degranulation, but result in cytokines production. Degranulation itself is a complex process involving cascade of events like membrane fusion events and various proteins like VAMP, Syntaxins, DOCK5, SNAP-23, MARCKS. Furthermore, we described these mast cell receptors antagonists or agonists useful in treatment of myriad diseases. Like, omalizumab anti-IgE antibody is highly effective in asthma, allergic disorders treatment and recently mechanistic insight of IgE uncovered; matrix mettaloprotease inhibitor marimistat is under phase III trial for inflammation, muscular dystrophy diseases; ZPL-389 (H4 receptor antagonist) is in Phase 2a Clinical Trial for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis; JNJ3851868 an oral H4 receptor antagonist is in phase II clinical development for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, research is still in inchoate stage to uncover mast cell biology, mast cell receptors, their therapeutic role in myriad diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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27
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Swedin L, Saarne T, Rehnberg M, Glader P, Niedzielska M, Johansson G, Hazon P, Catley MC. Patient stratification and the unmet need in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:13-34. [PMID: 27373855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is often described as an inflammatory disease of the lungs and in most patients symptomatic treatment with bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids is sufficient to control disease. Unfortunately there are a proportion of patients who fail to achieve control despite treatment with the best current treatment. These severe asthma patients have been considered a homogeneous group of patients that represent the unmet therapeutic need in asthma. Many novel therapies have been tested in unselected asthma patients and the effects have often been disappointing, particularly for the highly specific monoclonal antibody-based drugs such as anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5. More recently, it has become clear that asthma is a syndrome with many different disease drivers. Clinical trials of anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5 have focused on biomarker-defined patient groups and these trials have driven the clinical progression of these drugs. Work on asthma phenotyping indicates that there is a group of asthma patients where T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and inflammation predominate and these type 2 high (T2-high) patients can be defined by biomarkers and response to therapies targeting this type of immunity, including anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13. However, there is still a subset of T2-low patients that do not respond to these new therapies. This T2-low group will represent the new unmet medical need now that the T2-high-targeting therapies have made it to the market. This review will examine the current thinking on patient stratification in asthma and the identification of the T2-high subset. It will also look at the T2-low patients and examine what may be the drivers of disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Swedin
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiiu Saarne
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Rehnberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Glader
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Niedzielska
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Johansson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew C Catley
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden.
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28
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Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) of sulphone-based CRTh2 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:102-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Santini G, Mores N, Malerba M, Mondino C, Macis G, Montuschi P. Investigational prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists for airway inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:639-52. [PMID: 27094922 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By activating DP1 and DP2 receptors on immune and non-immune cells, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a major metabolic product of cyclo-oxygenase pathway released after IgE-mediated mast cell activation, has pro-inflammatory effects, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic airway disease. At least 15 selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and one DP1 receptor antagonist (asapiprant) are under development for asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors cover the pharmacology of PGD2 and PGD2 receptor antagonists and look at the preclinical, phase I and phase II studies with selective DP1 and DP2 receptor antagonists. EXPERT OPINION Future research should aim to develop once daily compounds and increase the drug clinical potency which, apart from OC000459 and ADC-3680, seems to be relatively low. Further research and development of DP2 receptor antagonists is warranted, particularly in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, whose management is a top priority. Pediatric studies, which are not available, are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of this novel drug class in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Studies on the efficacy of DP2 receptor antagonists in various asthma phenotypes including: smokers, obese subjects, early vs late asthma onset, fixed vs reversible airflow limitation, are required for establishing their pharmacotherapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- c Department of Allergology , 'Bellinzona e Valli' Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- d Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
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30
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Surda P, Fokkens WJ. Novel, Alternative, and Controversial Therapies of Rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2016; 36:401-23. [PMID: 27083111 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhinitis is a multifactorial disease characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and nasal congestion. This condition affects 10% to 40% of the population and is responsible for billions of spent health care dollars and impairment in quality of life for those affected. Currently available medical and vaccine therapies are effective for a large segment of this population; however, a subset of patients still has difficult-to-control rhinitis. This article reviews the current progress being made in novel drug and vaccine development and delves into alternative medical, surgical, and homeopathic strategies that may be promising adjunctive treatments for the difficult-to-treat rhinitis patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Surda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 29, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 29, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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31
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Babu S, Nagarajan SK, Lee SH, Madhavan T. Structural characterization of human CRTh2: a combined homology modeling, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR-based in silico approach. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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George L, Brightling CE. Eosinophilic airway inflammation: role in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2016; 7:34-51. [PMID: 26770668 DOI: 10.1177/2040622315609251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are common affecting over 500 million people worldwide and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Asthma is typically associated with Th2-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation, in contrast to neutrophilic inflammation observed commonly in COPD. However, there is increasing evidence that the eosinophil might play an important role in 10-40% of patients with COPD. Consistently in both asthma and COPD a sputum eosinophilia is associated with a good response to corticosteroid therapy and tailored strategies aimed to normalize sputum eosinophils reduce exacerbation frequency and severity. Advances in our understanding of the multistep paradigm of eosinophil recruitment to the airway, and the consequence of eosinophilic inflammation, has led to the development of new therapies to target these molecular pathways. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of eosinophilic trafficking, the tools to assess eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma and COPD during stable disease and exacerbations and review current and novel anti-eosinophilic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena George
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Clinical Science Wing, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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33
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Wang S, Zhu W, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K, Liu H. Next Generation of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceuticals, Compounds Currently in Phase II-III Clinical Trials of Major Pharmaceutical Companies: New Structural Trends and Therapeutic Areas. Chem Rev 2016; 116:422-518. [PMID: 26756377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1806] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan 533-0024
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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34
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Babu S, Kulkarni SA, Sohn H, Madhavan T. Identification of leads through in silico approaches utilizing benzylthio-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl acetic acid derivatives: A potent CRTh2 antagonist. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Tait Wojno ED, Monticelli LA, Tran SV, Alenghat T, Osborne LC, Thome JJ, Willis C, Budelsky A, Farber DL, Artis D. The prostaglandin D₂ receptor CRTH2 regulates accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the inflamed lung. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1313-23. [PMID: 25850654 PMCID: PMC4598246 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote type 2 cytokine-dependent immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. Although epithelial cell-derived cytokines regulate ILC2 effector functions, the pathways that control the in vivo migration of ILC2s into inflamed tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we provide the first demonstration that expression of the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) regulates the in vivo accumulation of ILC2s in the lung. Although a significant proportion of ILC2s isolated from healthy human peripheral blood expressed CRTH2, a smaller proportion of ILC2s isolated from nondiseased human lung expressed CRTH2, suggesting that dynamic regulation of CRTH2 expression might be associated with the migration of ILC2s into tissues. Consistent with this, murine ILC2s expressed CRTH2, migrated toward PGD2 in vitro, and accumulated in the lung in response to PGD2 in vivo. Furthermore, mice deficient in CRTH2 exhibited reduced ILC2 responses and inflammation in a murine model of helminth-induced pulmonary type 2 inflammation. Critically, adoptive transfer of CRTH2-sufficient ILC2s restored pulmonary inflammation in CRTH2-deficient mice. Together, these data identify a role for the PGD2-CRTH2 pathway in regulating the in vivo accumulation of ILC2s and the development of type 2 inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- ED Tait Wojno
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA,Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - LA Monticelli
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - SV Tran
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - T Alenghat
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - LC Osborne
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - JJ Thome
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - C Willis
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Budelsky
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - DL Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - D Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Risch P, Pfeifer T, Segrestaa J, Fretz H, Pothier J. Verification of the Major Metabolic Oxidation Path for the Naphthoyl Group in Chemoattractant Receptor-Homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells (CRTh2) Antagonist 2-(2-(1-Naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic Acid (Setipiprant/ACT-129968). J Med Chem 2015; 58:8011-35. [PMID: 26398218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Various racemic and enantioenriched (trans)-X,Y-dihydroxy-X,Y-dihydronaphthoyl analogues as well as X-hydroxy-naphthoyl analogues of CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid (1, Setipiprant/ACT-129968) were synthesized in order to gain insight into regio- and enantioselectivity of the metabolic oxidation of 1 and to verify the structures of four metabolites that were proposed earlier in a clinical ADME study. Analytical data of the synthetic standards were compared with data from samples of biological origin. The two major metabolites M7 and M9 were unambiguously verified as 2-(2-((trans)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)- and 2-(2-((trans)-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid, respectively, each composed of two enantiomers with 68% and 44% ee in favor of (+)-(3S,4S)-M7 and (+)-(5S,6S)-M9, respectively. Likewise, minor metabolites M3 and M13 were identified as 2-(8-fluoro-2-(5-hydroxy-1-naphthoyl)- and 2-(8-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl)acetic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Risch
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Segrestaa
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Fretz
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Julien Pothier
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Kulinski JM, Muñoz-Cano R, Olivera A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and other lipid mediators generated by mast cells as critical players in allergy and mast cell function. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:56-67. [PMID: 25941085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), platelet activating factor (PAF) and eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators abundantly produced by antigen-stimulated mast cells that exert their function mostly through specific cell surface receptors. Although it has long been recognized that some of these bioactive lipids are potent regulators of allergic diseases, their exact contributions to disease pathology have been obscured by the complexity of their mode of action and the regulation of their metabolism. Indeed, the effects of such lipids are usually mediated by multiple receptor subtypes that may differ in their signaling mechanisms and functions. In addition, their actions may be elicited by cell surface receptor-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, these lipids may be converted into metabolites that exhibit different functionalities, adding another layer of complexity to their overall biological responses. In some instances, a second wave of lipid mediator synthesis by both mast cell and non-mast cell sources may occur late during inflammation, bringing about additional roles in the altered environment. New evidence also suggests that bioactive lipids in the local environment can fine-tune mast cell maturation and phenotype, and thus their responsiveness. A better understanding of the subtleties of the spatiotemporal regulation of these lipid mediators, their receptors and functions may aid in the pursuit of pharmacological applications for allergy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kulinski
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ana Olivera
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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38
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Babu S, Sohn H, Madhavan T. Computational Analysis of CRTh2 receptor antagonist: A Ligand-based CoMFA and CoMSIA approach. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 56:109-21. [PMID: 25935115 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CRTh2 receptor is an important mediator of inflammatory effects and has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target for the treatment of conditions such as asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In pursuit of better CRTh2 receptor antagonist agents, 3D-QSAR studies were performed on a series of 2-(2-(benzylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) acetic acids. There is no crystal structure information available on this protein; hence in this work, ligand-based comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed by atom by atom matching alignment using systematic search and simulated annealing methods. The 3D-QSAR models were generated with 10 different combinations of test and training set molecules, since the robustness and predictive ability of the model is very important. We have generated 20 models for CoMFA and 100 models for CoMSIA based on two different alignments. Each model was validated with statistical cut off values such as q(2)>0.4, r(2)>0.5 and r(2)pred>0.5. Based on better q(2) and r(2)pred values, the best predictions were obtained for the CoMFA (model 5 q(2)=0.488, r(2)pred=0.732), and CoMSIA (model 45 q(2)=0.525, r(2)pred=0.883) from systematic search conformation alignment. The high correlation between the cross-validated/predicted and experimental activities of a test set revealed that the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were robust. Statistical parameters from the generated QSAR models indicated the data is well fitted and have high predictive ability. The generated models suggest that steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, H-bond donor and acceptor parameters are important for activity. Our study serves as a guide for further experimental investigations on the synthesis of new CRTh2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Babu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea.
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India.
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Ring Opening of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with the Azide Ion: A Tool for Construction of N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2015; 21:4975-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Prussin C. Allergic Inflammatory Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Maher SA, Birrell MA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis ED, Bonvini SJ, Grace MS, Belvisi MG. Prostaglandin D2 and the role of the DP1, DP2 and TP receptors in the control of airway reflex events. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:1108-18. [PMID: 25323233 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) causes cough and levels are increased in asthma suggesting that it may contribute to symptoms. Although the prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) is a target for numerous drug discovery programmes little is known about the actions of PGD2 on sensory nerves and cough. We used human and guinea pig bioassays, in vivo electrophysiology and a guinea pig conscious cough model to assess the effect of prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1), DP2 and thromboxane receptor antagonism on PGD2 responses. PGD2 caused cough in a conscious guinea pig model and an increase in calcium in airway jugular ganglia. Using pharmacology and receptor-deficient mice we showed that the DP1 receptor mediates sensory nerve activation in mouse, guinea pig and human vagal afferents. In vivo, PGD2 and a DP1 receptor agonist, but not a DP2 receptor agonist, activated single airway C-fibres. Interestingly, activation of DP2 inhibited sensory nerve firing to capsaicin in vitro and in vivo. The DP1 receptor could be a therapeutic target for symptoms associated with asthma. Where endogenous PGD2 levels are elevated, loss of DP2 receptor-mediated inhibition of sensory nerves may lead to an increase in vagally associated symptoms and the potential for such adverse effects should be investigated in clinical studies with DP2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric D Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan S Grace
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
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42
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Alonso JA, Andrés M, Bravo M, Buil MA, Calbet M, Castro J, Eastwood PR, Eichhorn P, Esteve C, Gómez E, González J, Mir M, Petit S, Roberts RS, Vidal B, Vidal L, Vilaseca P, Zanuy M. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) of bicyclic heteroaromatic acetic acids as potent CRTh2 antagonists I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5118-22. [PMID: 25437504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A knowledge-based design strategy led to the discovery of several new series of potent and orally bioavailable CRTh2 antagonists where a bicyclic heteroaromatic ring serves as the central core. Structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) opened up the possibility of long receptor residence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Alonso
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Andrés
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bravo
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Buil
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Calbet
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Castro
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul R Eastwood
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteve
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob González
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mir
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Petit
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard S Roberts
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Vidal
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Vilaseca
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Pettipher R, Hunter MG, Perkins CM, Collins LP, Lewis T, Baillet M, Steiner J, Bell J, Payton MA. Heightened response of eosinophilic asthmatic patients to the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459. Allergy 2014; 69:1223-32. [PMID: 24866478 DOI: 10.1111/all.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 has previously been demonstrated to reduce airway inflammation and improve lung function in moderate persistent asthma. A study was conducted to determine the effect of lower once daily doses of OC000459 and to define the phenotype of subjects most responsive to treatment. METHODS Adult subjects (percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) 60-85%) were randomized to OC000459 at three dose levels (25 mg once daily, 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks (n = 117-125 per group, full analysis set). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in prebronchodilator FEV1 , and secondary endpoints included Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and Standardised Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [AQLQ(S)], and incidence of exacerbations and respiratory tract infections. RESULTS OC459 caused a significant improvement in FEV1 compared with placebo at a dose of 25 mg once daily (P = 0.028). A similar increase was observed in the other dose groups, and the mean change in FEV1 in the pooled dose groups at endpoint was 95 ml greater than placebo (P = 0.024). In a post hoc analysis of atopic eosinophilic subjects with uncontrolled asthma, a mean increase in FEV1 of 220 ml was observed compared with placebo (P = 0.005). The mean increase in FEV1 was more marked in younger subjects in this group: for subjects aged ≤40 years, there was a mean increase of 355 ml compared with placebo (P = 0.007). Improvements in ACQ and AQLQ(S) were observed in both the full analysis set and the atopic eosinophilic subgroup. There was a lower incidence of exacerbations and respiratory infections in subjects treated with OC000459. There were no drug-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS OC000459 is a safe and effective oral anti-inflammatory agent, which achieved clinically meaningful improvements in lung function and asthma control in allergic asthmatics with an eosinophil-dominant form of the disease. A dose of 25 mg given once daily was as effective as the higher doses studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pettipher
- Atopix Therapeutics Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
| | - M. G. Hunter
- Atopix Therapeutics Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
| | - C. M. Perkins
- Atopix Therapeutics Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
| | - L. P. Collins
- Atopix Therapeutics Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
| | | | - M. Baillet
- S-Cubed Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
| | - J. Steiner
- Oxford Therapeutics Consulting; Brightwell-cum-Sotwell UK
| | - J. Bell
- Medical Sciences Division; Oxford University; Oxford UK
| | - M. A. Payton
- Atopix Therapeutics Ltd; The Innovation Centre; Abingdon UK
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44
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Alonso JA, Andrés M, Bravo M, Buil MA, Calbet M, Castro J, Eastwood PR, Esteve C, Ferrer M, Forns P, Gómez E, González J, Lozoya E, Mir M, Moreno I, Petit S, Roberts RS, Sevilla S, Vidal B, Vidal L, Vilaseca P. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) of bicyclic heteroaromatic acetic acids as potent CRTh2 antagonists III: the role of a hydrogen-bond acceptor in long receptor residence times. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5127-33. [PMID: 25437506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The correct positioning and orientation of an hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in the tail portion of the biaryl series of CRTh2 antagonists is a requirement for long receptor residence time. The HBA in combination with a small steric substituent in the core section (R(core) ≠ H) gives access to compounds with dissociation half-lives of ⩾ 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Alonso
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Andrés
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bravo
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Buil
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Calbet
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Castro
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul R Eastwood
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteve
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Ferrer
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Forns
- Almirall-Barcelona Science Park Unit, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob González
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estrella Lozoya
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mir
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Moreno
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Petit
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard S Roberts
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Sevilla
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Vidal
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Vilaseca
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Alonso JA, Andrés M, Bravo M, Calbet M, Eastwood PR, Eichhorn P, Esteve C, Ferrer M, Gómez E, González J, Mir M, Moreno I, Petit S, Roberts RS, Sevilla S, Vidal B, Vidal L, Vilaseca P, Zanuy M. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) of bicyclic heteroaromatic acetic acids as potent CRTh2 antagonists II: lead optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5123-6. [PMID: 25437505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationship (SKR) studies in the bicyclic heteroaromatic series of CRTh2 antagonists led to the identification of several molecules that possessed both excellent binding and cellular potencies along with long receptor residence times. A small substituent in the bicyclic core provided an order of magnitude jump in dissociation half-lives. Selected optimized compounds demonstrated suitable pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Alonso
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Andrés
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bravo
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Calbet
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul R Eastwood
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteve
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Ferrer
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob González
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mir
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Moreno
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Petit
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard S Roberts
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sevilla
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Vidal
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Vilaseca
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Andrés M, Buil MA, Calbet M, Casado O, Castro J, Eastwood PR, Eichhorn P, Ferrer M, Forns P, Moreno I, Petit S, Roberts RS. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKR) of pyrrolopiperidinone acetic acids as CRTh2 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5111-7. [PMID: 25437503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolopiperidinone acetic acids (PPAs) were identified as highly potent CRTh2 receptor antagonists. In addition, many of these compounds displayed slow-dissociation kinetics from the receptor. Structure-kinetic relationship (SKR) studies allowed optimisation of the kinetics to give potent analogues with long receptor residence half-lives of up to 23 h. Low permeability was a general feature of this series, however oral bioavailability could be achieved through the use of ester prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Andrés
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Buil
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Calbet
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Casado
- Almirall-Barcelona Science Park Unit, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Castro
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul R Eastwood
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Ferrer
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Forns
- Almirall-Barcelona Science Park Unit, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Moreno
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Petit
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard S Roberts
- Drug Discovery Division, Almirall R&D Centre, Laureano Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Effects of selective COX-2 inhibition on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:306-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Diamant Z, Sidharta PN, Singh D, O'Connor BJ, Zuiker R, Leaker BR, Silkey M, Dingemanse J. Setipiprant, a selective CRTH2 antagonist, reduces allergen-induced airway responses in allergic asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:1044-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Diamant
- Centre for Human Drug Research; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - D. Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - R. Zuiker
- Centre for Human Drug Research; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Silkey
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
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49
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Johnson MG, Liu JJ, Li AR, van Lengerich B, Wang S, Medina JC, Collins TL, Danao J, Seitz L, Willee A, D'Souza W, Budelsky AL, Fan PW, Wong SGW. Solving time-dependent CYP3A4 inhibition for a series of indole-phenylacetic acid dual antagonists of the PGD(2) receptors CRTH2 and DP. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2877-80. [PMID: 24825301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on their structural similarity to previously described compound AMG 009, indole-phenyl acetic acids were proposed to be potent dual inhibitors of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2 or DP2) and prostanoid D receptor (DP or DP1). This series was equipotent to AMG 009 in binding assays against both receptors but exhibited decreased serum shift. We discovered early in the optimization of these indole-phenylacetic acid compounds that they demonstrated CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI). Hypothesizing that the source of TDI was the indole core we modified the 1,2,3-substitution to eventually afford a highly potent modulator of CRTH2 and DP which did not exhibit TDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Johnson
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Jim Jiwen Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - An-Rong Li
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bettina van Lengerich
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sophie Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julio C Medina
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tassie L Collins
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Jay Danao
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Lisa Seitz
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Angela Willee
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Warren D'Souza
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Alison L Budelsky
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Peter W Fan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism and Distribution, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Simon G W Wong
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism and Distribution, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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50
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Snell NJC. Discontinued drug projects in the respiratory therapeutic area during 2012. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:411-5. [PMID: 24490845 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.873785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During 2012, a number of respiratory drug projects and individual agents were discontinued, for a variety of reasons, including toxicity, lack of efficacy, commercial re-evaluation and change in corporate focus. These included three antagonists of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2), which had been evaluated in allergic respiratory disease and (in one case) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other agents intended for the treatment of asthma, COPD, pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis. These have been reviewed against the background of a general reduction in respiratory research by the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel J C Snell
- Royal Brompton Hospital , Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP , UK
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