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Sheena Mary Y, Shyma Mary Y, Armaković S, Armaković SJ, Yadav R, Celik I, Razavi R. Investigation of reactive properties, adsorption on fullerene, DFT, molecular dynamics simulation of an anthracene derivative targeting dihydrofolate reductase and human dUTPase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10952-10961. [PMID: 34278966 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1953602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthracenes are aromatic compounds with flexible structure and reactivity which are of great interest to theoretical and experimental chemists. Theoretical investigations of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]anthracene-9,10-dione (Mitoxantrone) (DDEA) based on density functional theory, molecular dynamics and adsorption on fullerene are reported in the present research. The suitable situation for adsorption with fullerene (C60) is the cyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione ring of DDEA. Selected quantum-molecular descriptors have been calculated to predict the most reactive sites of the DDEA molecule. Interactions of DDEA with water have been studied using MD simulations. MD simulations were also used to study solubility parameter, a significant quantity for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. The affinity of DDEA on human dihydrofolate reductase and deoxyuridine triphosphatase enzymes was investigated by MD simulation of the protein-ligand complex obtained by molecular docking study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stevan Armaković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja J Armaković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Razieh Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
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2
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Sun P, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li L, Li Y, Li Z. Cobalt‐catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes Using
NFSI
as Nitrogen Source. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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3
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Epitope of ASFV-Encoded dUTPase by Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112175. [PMID: 34834981 PMCID: PMC8620545 DOI: 10.3390/v13112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an essential enzyme required for efficient virus replication. Previous crystallography data have indicated that dUTPase (E165R) may serve as a therapeutic target for inhibiting ASFV replication; however, the specificity of the targeting site(s) in ASFV dUTPase remains unclear. In this study, 19 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced, in which four mAbs showed inhibitory reactivity against E165R recombinant protein. Epitope mapping studies indicated that E165R has three major antigenic regions: 100-120 aa, 120-140 aa, and 140-165 aa. Three mAbs inhibited the dUTPase activity of E165R by binding to the highly conserved 149-RGEGRFGSTG-158 amino acid sequence. Interestingly, 8F6 mAb specifically recognized ASFV dUTPase but not Sus scrofa dUTPase, which may be due to structural differences in the amino acids of F151, R153, and F154 in the motif V region. In summary, we developed anti-E165R-specific mAbs, and identified an important antibody-binding antigenic epitope in the motif V of ASFV dUTPase. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of mAbs that target the antigenic epitope of ASFV dUTPase, which may contribute to the development of novel antibody-based ASFV therapeutics.
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4
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Davison C, Morelli R, Knowlson C, McKechnie M, Carson R, Stachtea X, McLaughlin KA, Prise VE, Savage K, Wilson RH, Mulligan KA, Wilson PM, Ladner RD, LaBonte MJ. Targeting nucleotide metabolism enhances the efficacy of anthracyclines and anti-metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 33824328 PMCID: PMC8024381 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most lethal breast cancer subtype with poor response rates to the current chemotherapies and a lack of additional effective treatment options. We have identified deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) as a critical gatekeeper that protects tumour DNA from the genotoxic misincorporation of uracil during treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the FEC regimen. dUTPase catalyses the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) to deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), providing dUMP for thymidylate synthase as part of the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway and maintaining low intracellular dUTP concentrations. This is crucial as DNA polymerase cannot distinguish between dUTP and deoxythymidylate triphosphate (dTTP), leading to dUTP misincorporation into DNA. Targeting dUTPase and inducing uracil misincorporation during the repair of DNA damage induced by fluoropyrimidines or anthracyclines represents an effective strategy to induce cell lethality. dUTPase inhibition significantly sensitised TNBC cell lines to fluoropyrimidines and anthracyclines through imbalanced nucleotide pools and increased DNA damage leading to decreased proliferation and increased cell death. These results suggest that repair of treatment-mediated DNA damage requires dUTPase to prevent uracil misincorporation and that inhibition of dUTPase is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of TNBC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Davison
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Roisin Morelli
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Knowlson
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Melanie McKechnie
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Robbie Carson
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Kienan Savage
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Richard H Wilson
- Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Robert D Ladner
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Melissa J LaBonte
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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5
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He Y, Li SG, Mbaezue II, Reddy AC, Tsantrizos YS. Copper-boryl mediated transfer hydrogenation of N-sulfonyl imines using methanol as the hydrogen donor. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Gao F, Li C, Zhao X, Xie J, Fang G, Li Y. CKS2 modulates cell-cycle progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells partly via modulating the cellular distribution of DUTPase. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:175-182. [PMID: 33107644 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKS2 (CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2) is a gene that encodes CKS2 protein that has been characterized as a binding partner of the catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinases. However, its expression profile and regulatory effects in tongue squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been explored. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using bulk-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and single-cell RNA-seq data from GSE103322. SCC9 and CAL27 cells were used as in vitro cell models for cellular and molecular studies. RESULTS CKS2 expression was significantly upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues (N = 128) compared with adjacent normal tissues (N = 13). Its upregulation was associated with significantly shorter disease-specific survival and progression-free survival. Cellular status estimation in tumor cells indicated that CKS2 expression was moderately and positively correlated with cell-cycle progression. CKS2 inhibition in SCC9 and CAL27 cells resulted in decreased proliferation, weakened colony formation capability, and cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Immunofluorescence staining and co-Immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay confirmed co-localization and interaction between CKS2 and DUTPase. CKS2 knockdown did not alter DUTPase expression but reduced its nuclear distribution. Both CKS2 and DUT expression were moderately correlated with their gene-level copy number. CONCLUSION CKS2 expression is associated with unfavorable survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Inhibiting its expression could reduce tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell growth and induce G2/M arrest. CKS2 may interact with DUTPase and regulate its nuclear localization. Gene-level copy amplification might be an important mechanism of upregulated CKS2 and DUT in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Operation Room, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Outpatient Nursing, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiqun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jianli Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Guiqing Fang
- Clinical laboratory, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Outpatient Nursing, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
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7
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Crystallographic characterization of a tri-Asp metal-binding site at the three-fold symmetry axis of LarE. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5830. [PMID: 32242052 PMCID: PMC7118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed crystallographic characterization of a tri-aspartate metal-binding site previously identified on the three-fold symmetry axis of a hexameric enzyme, LarE from Lactobacillus plantarum, was conducted. By screening an array of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions, we demonstrated that this metal binding site stoichiometrically binds Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, but not monovalent metal ions, Cr3+, Mg2+, Y3+, Sr2+ or Ba2+. Extensive database searches resulted in only 13 similar metal binding sites in other proteins, indicative of the rareness of tri-aspartate architectures, which allows for engineering such a selective multivalent metal ion binding site into target macromolecules for structural and biophysical characterization.
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8
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Martynova YZ, Khairullina VR, Gimadieva AR, Mustafin AG. [QSAR-modeling of desoxyuridine triphosphatase inhibitors in a series of some derivatives of uracil]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:103-113. [PMID: 30950815 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196502103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the widespread prevalence, deoxyuridine triphosphatase (UTPase) is considered by modern biochemists and physicians as a promising target for the development of drugs with a wide range of activities. The therapeutic effect of these drugs will be due to suppression of DNA biosynthesis in various viruses, bacteria and protozoa. In order to rationalize the search for new dUTPase inhibitors, domestic and foreign researchers are actively using the QSAR methodology at the selection stage of hit compounds. However, the practical application of this methodology is impossible without existence of valid QSAR models. With the use of the GUSAR 2013 program, a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the structure and efficacy of 135 dUTPase inhibitors based on uracil derivatives was performed in the IC50 range of 30¸185000 nmol/L. Six statistically significant valid consensus models, characterized by high descriptive ability and moderate prognostic ability on the structures of training and test samples, are constructed. To build valid QSAR models for dUTPase inhibitors can use QNA or MNA descriptors and their combinations in a consensus approach.
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9
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Rotoli SM, Jones JL, Caradonna SJ. Cysteine residues contribute to the dimerization and enzymatic activity of human nuclear dUTP nucleotidohydrolase (nDut). Protein Sci 2018; 27:1797-1809. [PMID: 30052299 PMCID: PMC6199149 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
dUTPase is an enzyme found in all organisms that have thymine as a constituent of DNA. Through evolution, humans have two major isoforms of dUTPase: a mitochondrial (mDut) and a nuclear (nDut) isoform. The nuclear isoform of dUTPase is a 164‐amino‐acids‐long protein containing three cysteine residues. nDut's starting methionine is post‐translationally cleaved, leaving four unique amino acids on its amino‐terminus including one cysteine residue (C3). These are not present in the mitochondrial isoform (mDut). Using mass spectrometry analyses of recombinant dUTPase constructs, we have discovered an intermolecular disulfide bridge between cysteine‐3 of each nDut monomer. We have found that these two residues stabilize a dimer configuration that is unique to the nDut isoform. We have also uncovered an intramolecular disulfide linkage between cysteine residues C78 and C134, stabilizing the monomeric state of the protein. Of note, both disulfide linkages are essential for nDut's enzymatic activity and dimeric formation can be augmented by the addition of the oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide to cells. Analyses of endogenous cellular dUTPase proteins confirm these differences between the two isoforms. We observed that mDut appears to be a mixture of monomer, dimer, and trimer conformations, as well as higher‐order subunit interactions. In contrast, nDut appeared to exist only in monomeric and dimeric forms. Cysteine‐based redox “switches” have recently emerged as a distinct class of post‐translational modification. In light of this and our results, we propose that nDut possesses a redox switch whereby cysteine interactions regulate nDut's dUTP‐hydrolyzing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna M Rotoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey, 08084, Stratford
| | - Julia L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084
| | - Salvatore J Caradonna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey, 08084, Stratford
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10
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Tsesmetzis N, Paulin CBJ, Rudd SG, Herold N. Nucleobase and Nucleoside Analogues: Resistance and Re-Sensitisation at the Level of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070240. [PMID: 30041457 PMCID: PMC6071274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimetabolites, in particular nucleobase and nucleoside analogues, are cytotoxic drugs that, starting from the small field of paediatric oncology, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, have revolutionised clinical oncology and transformed cancer into a curable disease. However, even though combination chemotherapy, together with radiation, surgery and immunotherapy, can nowadays cure almost all types of cancer, we still fail to achieve this for a substantial proportion of patients. The understanding of differences in metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tumour biology between patients that can be cured and patients that cannot, builds the scientific basis for rational therapy improvements. Here, we summarise current knowledge of how tumour-specific and patient-specific factors can dictate resistance to nucleobase/nucleoside analogues, and which strategies of re-sensitisation exist. We revisit well-established hurdles to treatment efficacy, like the blood-brain barrier and reduced deoxycytidine kinase activity, but will also discuss the role of novel resistance factors, such as SAMHD1. A comprehensive appreciation of the complex mechanisms that underpin the failure of chemotherapy will hopefully inform future strategies of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsesmetzis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cynthia B J Paulin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Paediatric Oncology, Theme of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Yano W, Yokogawa T, Wakasa T, Yamamura K, Fujioka A, Yoshisue K, Matsushima E, Miyahara S, Miyakoshi H, Taguchi J, Chong KT, Takao Y, Fukuoka M, Matsuo K. TAS-114, a First-in-Class Dual dUTPase/DPD Inhibitor, Demonstrates Potential to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy of Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1683-1693. [PMID: 29748212 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite and exerts antitumor activity via intracellularly and physiologically complicated metabolic pathways. In this study, we designed a novel small molecule inhibitor, TAS-114, which targets the intercellular metabolism of 5-FU to enhance antitumor activity and modulates catabolic pathway to improve the systemic availability of 5-FU. TAS-114 strongly and competitively inhibited deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), a gatekeeper protein preventing aberrant base incorporation into DNA, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of fluoropyrimidines in cancer cells; however, it had little intrinsic activity. In addition, TAS-114 had moderate and reversible inhibitory activity on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a catabolizing enzyme of 5-FU. Thus, TAS-114 increased the bioavailability of 5-FU when coadministered with capecitabine in mice, and it significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of capecitabine by reducing the required dose of the prodrug by dual enzyme inhibition. Enhancement of antitumor efficacy caused by the addition of TAS-114 was retained in the presence of a potent DPD inhibitor containing oral fluoropyrimidine (S-1), indicating that dUTPase inhibition plays a major role in enhancing the antitumor efficacy of fluoropyrimidine-based therapy. In conclusion, TAS-114, a dual dUTPase/DPD inhibitor, demonstrated the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidine. Dual inhibition of dUTPase and DPD is a novel strategy for the advancement of oral fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1683-93. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Yano
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yokogawa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. .,Business Development Department, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kandanishiki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamura
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Fujioka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshisue
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsushima
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Miyahara
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakoshi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junko Taguchi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Khoon Tee Chong
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Takao
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukuoka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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12
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Ji D, Kietrys AM, Lee Y, Kool ET. ATP-Linked Chimeric Nucleotide as a Specific Luminescence Reporter of Deoxyuridine Triphosphatase. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1614-1621. [PMID: 29578692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide surveillance enzymes play important roles in human health, by monitoring damaged monomers in the nucleotide pool and deactivating them before they are incorporated into chromosomal DNA or disrupt nucleotide metabolism. In particular, deamination of cytosine, leading to uracil in DNA and in the nucleotide pool, can be deleterious, causing DNA damage. The enzyme deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) is currently under study as a therapeutic and prognostic target for cancer. Measuring the activity of this enzyme is important both in basic research and in clinical applications involving this pathway, but current methods are nonselective, detecting pyrophosphate, which is produced by many enzymes. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a dUTPase enzyme-specific chimeric dinucleotide (DUAL) that replaces the pyrophosphate leaving group of the native substrate with ATP, enabling sensitive detection via luciferase luminescence signaling. The DUAL probe functions sensitively and selectively to quantify enzyme activities in vitro and in cell lysates. We further report the first measurements of dUTPase activities in eight different cell lines, which are found to vary by a factor of 7-fold. We expect that the new probe can be of considerable utility in research involving this clinically significant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Anna M Kietrys
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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13
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Abstract
Human deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), essential for DNA integrity, acts as a survival factor for tumor cells and is a target for cancer chemotherapy. Here we report that the Staphylococcal repressor protein StlSaPIBov1 (Stl) forms strong complex with human dUTPase. Functional analysis reveals that this interaction results in significant reduction of both dUTPase enzymatic activity and DNA binding capability of Stl. We conducted structural studies to understand the mechanism of this mutual inhibition. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) complemented with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) data allowed us to obtain 3D structural models comprising a trimeric dUTPase complexed with separate Stl monomers. These models thus reveal that upon dUTPase-Stl complex formation the functional homodimer of Stl repressor dissociates, which abolishes the DNA binding ability of the protein. Active site forming dUTPase segments were directly identified to be involved in the dUTPase-Stl interaction by HDX-MS, explaining the loss of dUTPase activity upon complexation. Our results provide key novel structural insights that pave the way for further applications of the first potent proteinaceous inhibitor of human dUTPase.
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14
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Hagenkort A, Paulin CBJ, Desroses M, Sarno A, Wiita E, Mortusewicz O, Koolmeister T, Loseva O, Jemth AS, Almlöf I, Homan E, Lundbäck T, Gustavsson AL, Scobie M, Helleday T. dUTPase inhibition augments replication defects of 5-Fluorouracil. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23713-23726. [PMID: 28423595 PMCID: PMC5410339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimetabolite 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of various forms of cancer and has a complex mode of action. Despite 6 decades in clinical application the contribution of 5-FdUTP and dUTP [(5-F)dUTP] and 5-FUTP misincorporation into DNA and RNA respectively, for 5-FU-induced toxicity is still under debate.This study investigates DNA replication defects induced by 5-FU treatment and how (5-F)dUTP accumulation contributes to this effect. We reveal that 5-FU treatment leads to extensive problems in DNA replication fork progression, causing accumulation of cells in S-phase, DNA damage and ultimately cell death. Interestingly, these effects can be reinforced by either depletion or inhibition of the deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase, also known as DUT), highlighting the importance of (5-F)dUTP accumulation for cytotoxicity.With this study, we not only extend the current understanding of the mechanism of action of 5-FU, but also contribute to the characterization of dUTPase inhibitors. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of dUTPase is a promising approach that may improve the efficacy of 5-FU treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hagenkort
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia B J Paulin
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Xia LL, Tang YB, Song FF, Xu L, Ji P, Wang SJ, Zhu JM, Zhang Y, Zhao GP, Wang Y, Liu TT. DCTPP1 attenuates the sensitivity of human gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by up-regulating MDR1 expression epigenetically. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68623-68637. [PMID: 27612427 PMCID: PMC5356578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most malignant cancers with high incidence and poor prognoses worldwide as well as in China. dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) is overexpressed in GC with a poor prognosis. Given chemotherapeutic drugs share similar structures with pyrimidine nucleotides, the role of DCTPP1 in affecting the drug sensitivity in GC remains unclear and is worthy of investigation. In the present study, we reported that DCTPP1-knockdown GC cell line BGC-823 exhibited more sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), demonstrated by the retardation of cell proliferation, the increase in cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at S phase and more DNA damages. Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) expression was unexpectedly down-regulated in DCTPP1-knockdown BGC-823 cells together with more intracellular 5-FU accumulation. This was in large achieved by the elevated methylation in promoter region of MDR1 gene. The intracellular 5-methyl-dCTP level increased in DCTPP1-knockdown BGC-823 cells as well. More significantly, the strong correlation of DCTPP1 and MDR1 expression was detectable in clinical GC samples. Our results thus imply a novel mechanism of chemoresistance mediated by the overexpression of DCTPP1 in GC. It is achieved partially through decreasing the concentration of intracellular 5-methyl-dCTP, which in turn results in promoter hypomethylation and hyper-expression of drug resistant gene MDR1. Our study suggests DCTPP1 as a potential indicative biomarker for the predication of chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-bin Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-fei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-jun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Abstract
Artificially modified nucleotides, in the form of nucleoside analogues, are widely used in the treatment of cancers and various other diseases, and have become important tools in the laboratory to characterise DNA repair pathways. In contrast, the role of endogenously occurring nucleotide modifications in genome stability is little understood. This is despite the demonstration over three decades ago that the cellular DNA precursor pool is orders of magnitude more susceptible to modification than the DNA molecule itself. More recently, underscoring the importance of this topic, oxidation of the cellular nucleotide pool achieved through targeting the sanitation enzyme MTH1, appears to be a promising anti-cancer strategy. This article reviews our current understanding of modified DNA precursors in genome stability, with a particular focus upon oxidised nucleotides, and outlines some important outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nicholas C K Valerie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Inside the biochemical pathways of thymidylate synthase perturbed by anticancer drugs: Novel strategies to overcome cancer chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 23:20-54. [PMID: 26690339 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of antitumor agents and the precise mechanisms underlying drug resistance is that these two processes are directly linked. Moreover, it is often possible to delineate chemoresistance mechanisms based on the specific mechanism of action of a given anticancer drug. A more holistic approach to the chemoresistance problem suggests that entire metabolic pathways, rather than single enzyme targets may better explain and educate us about the complexity of the cellular responses upon cytotoxic drug administration. Drugs, which target thymidylate synthase and folate-dependent enzymes, represent an important therapeutic arm in the treatment of various human malignancies. However, prolonged patient treatment often provokes drug resistance phenomena that render the chemotherapeutic treatment highly ineffective. Hence, strategies to overcome drug resistance are primarily designed to achieve either enhanced intracellular drug accumulation, to avoid the upregulation of folate-dependent enzymes, and to circumvent the impairment of DNA repair enzymes which are also responsible for cross-resistance to various anticancer drugs. The current clinical practice based on drug combination therapeutic regimens represents the most effective approach to counteract drug resistance. In the current paper, we review the molecular aspects of the activity of TS-targeting drugs and describe how such mechanisms are related to the emergence of clinical drug resistance. We also discuss the current possibilities to overcome drug resistance by using a molecular mechanistic approach based on medicinal chemistry methods focusing on rational structural modifications of novel antitumor agents. This paper also focuses on the importance of the modulation of metabolic pathways upon drug administration, their analysis and the assessment of their putative roles in the networks involved using a meta-analysis approach. The present review describes the main pathways that are modulated by TS-targeting anticancer drugs starting from the description of the normal functioning of the folate metabolic pathway, through the protein modulation occurring upon drug delivery to cultured tumor cells as well as cancer patients, finally describing how the pathways are modulated by drug resistance development. The data collected are then analyzed using network/netwire connecting methods in order to provide a wider view of the pathways involved and of the importance of such information in identifying additional proteins that could serve as novel druggable targets for efficacious cancer therapy.
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18
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Murray V, Taylor CB, Gero AM, Lutze-Mann LH. The influence of p53 status on the cytotoxicity of fluorinated pyrimidine L-nucleosides. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:102-9. [PMID: 26296760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated nucleoside analogues are a major class of cancer chemotherapy agents, and include the drugs 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). The aim of this study was to examine the cellular toxicity of two novel fluorinated pyrimidine L-nucleosides that are enantiomers of D-nucleosides and may be able to increase selectivity for cancer cells as a result of their unnatural L-configuration. Two fluorinated pyrimidine L-nucleosides were examined in this study, L110 ([β-L, β-D]-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine) and L117 (β-L-deoxyuridine:β-D-5'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine). The cytotoxicity of these L-nucleoside was determined in primary mouse fibroblasts and was compared with 5FU and FdUrd. In addition, the influence of p53 status on cytotoxicity was investigated. These cytotoxicity assays were performed on a matched set of primary mouse fibroblasts that were either wild type or null for the p53 tumour suppressor gene. It was found that cells lacking functional p53 were over 7500 times more sensitive to the drugs L110, L117 and FdUrd than cells containing wild type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Christina B Taylor
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Annette M Gero
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Louise H Lutze-Mann
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Cancer was recognized as a genetic disease at least four decades ago, with the realization that the spontaneous mutation rate must increase early in tumorigenesis to account for the many mutations in tumour cells compared with their progenitor pre-malignant cells. Abnormalities in the deoxyribonucleotide pool have long been recognized as determinants of DNA replication fidelity, and hence may contribute to mutagenic processes that are involved in carcinogenesis. In addition, many anticancer agents antagonize deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. Here, we consider the extent to which aspects of deoxyribonucleotide metabolism contribute to our understanding of both carcinogenesis and to the effective use of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Mathews
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, USA
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20
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Hirmondó R, Szabó JE, Nyíri K, Tarjányi S, Dobrotka P, Tóth J, Vértessy BG. Cross-species inhibition of dUTPase via the Staphylococcal Stl protein perturbs dNTP pool and colony formation in Mycobacterium. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:21-7. [PMID: 25841100 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins responsible for the integrity of the genome are often used targets in drug therapies against various diseases. The inhibitors of these proteins are also important to study the pathways in genome integrity maintenance. A prominent example is Ugi, a well known cross-species inhibitor protein of the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase, responsible for uracil excision from DNA. Here, we report that a Staphylococcus pathogenicity island repressor protein called StlSaPIbov1 (Stl) exhibits potent dUTPase inhibition in Mycobacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first indication of a cross-species inhibitor protein for any dUTPase. We demonstrate that the Staphylococcus aureus Stl and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis dUTPase form a stable complex and that in this complex, the enzymatic activity of dUTPase is strongly inhibited. We also found that the expression of the Stl protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis led to highly increased cellular dUTP levels in the mycobacterial cell, this effect being in agreement with its dUTPase inhibitory role. In addition, Stl expression in M. smegmatis drastically decreased colony forming ability, as well, indicating significant perturbation of the phenotype. Therefore, we propose that Stl can be considered to be a cross-species dUTPase inhibitor and may be used as an important reagent in dUTPase inhibition experiments either in vitro/in situ or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hirmondó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit E Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Nyíri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Tarjányi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Dobrotka
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Wilson PM, Danenberg PV, Johnston PG, Lenz HJ, Ladner RD. Standing the test of time: targeting thymidylate biosynthesis in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:282-98. [PMID: 24732946 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 60 years, chemotherapeutic agents that target thymidylate biosynthesis and the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) have remained among the most-successful drugs used in the treatment of cancer. Fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, and antifolates, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed, induce a state of thymidylate deficiency and imbalances in the nucleotide pool that impair DNA replication and repair. TS-targeted agents are used to treat numerous solid and haematological malignancies, either alone or as foundational therapeutics in combination treatment regimens. We overview the pivotal discoveries that led to the rational development of thymidylate biosynthesis as a chemotherapeutic target, and highlight the crucial contribution of these advances to driving and accelerating drug development in the earliest era of cancer chemotherapy. The function of TS as well as the mechanisms and consequences of inhibition of this enzyme by structurally diverse classes of drugs with distinct mechanisms of action are also discussed. In addition, breakthroughs relating to TS-targeted therapies that transformed the clinical landscape in some of the most-difficult-to-treat cancers, such as pancreatic, colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer, are highlighted. Finally, new therapeutic agents and novel mechanism-based strategies that promise to further exploit the vulnerabilities and target resistance mechanisms within the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Peter V Danenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Patrick G Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert D Ladner
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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22
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Barabás O, Németh V, Bodor A, Perczel A, Rosta E, Kele Z, Zagyva I, Szabadka Z, Grolmusz VI, Wilmanns M, Vértessy BG. Catalytic mechanism of α-phosphate attack in dUTPase is revealed by X-ray crystallographic snapshots of distinct intermediates, 31P-NMR spectroscopy and reaction path modelling. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:10542-55. [PMID: 23982515 PMCID: PMC3905902 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis and hydrolysis of nucleoside phosphate compounds play a key role in various biological pathways, like signal transduction, DNA synthesis and metabolism. Although these processes have been studied extensively, numerous key issues regarding the chemical pathway and atomic movements remain open for many enzymatic reactions. Here, using the Mason-Pfizer monkey retrovirus dUTPase, we study the dUTPase-catalyzed hydrolysis of dUTP, an incorrect DNA building block, to elaborate the mechanistic details at high resolution. Combining mass spectrometry analysis of the dUTPase-catalyzed reaction carried out in and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulation, we show that the nucleophilic attack occurs at the α-phosphate site. Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy ((31)P-NMR) analysis confirms the site of attack and shows the capability of dUTPase to cleave the dUTP analogue α,β-imido-dUTP, containing the imido linkage usually regarded to be non-hydrolyzable. We present numerous X-ray crystal structures of distinct dUTPase and nucleoside phosphate complexes, which report on the progress of the chemical reaction along the reaction coordinate. The presently used combination of diverse structural methods reveals details of the nucleophilic attack and identifies a novel enzyme-product complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Barabás
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Németh
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Bodor
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Rosta
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Zagyva
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabadka
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince I. Grolmusz
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G. Vértessy
- Laboratory of Genome Metabolism, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1113, Hungary, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Protein Modelling Group MTA-ELTE, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary, Department of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg D-22603, Germany and Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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Leveles I, Németh V, Szabó JE, Harmat V, Nyíri K, Bendes ÁÁ, Papp-Kádár V, Zagyva I, Róna G, Ozohanics O, Vékey K, Tóth J, Vértessy BG. Structure and enzymatic mechanism of a moonlighting dUTPase. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:2298-308. [PMID: 24311572 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913021136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity requires well controlled cellular pools of nucleotides. dUTPases are responsible for regulating cellular dUTP levels and providing dUMP for dTTP biosynthesis. In Staphylococcus, phage dUTPases are also suggested to be involved in a moonlighting function regulating the expression of pathogenicity-island genes. Staphylococcal phage trimeric dUTPase sequences include a specific insertion that is not found in other organisms. Here, a 2.1 Å resolution three-dimensional structure of a ϕ11 phage dUTPase trimer with complete localization of the phage-specific insert, which folds into a small β-pleated mini-domain reaching out from the dUTPase core surface, is presented. The insert mini-domains jointly coordinate a single Mg2+ ion per trimer at the entrance to the threefold inner channel. Structural results provide an explanation for the role of Asp95, which is suggested to have functional significance in the moonlighting activity, as the metal-ion-coordinating moiety potentially involved in correct positioning of the insert. Enzyme-kinetics studies of wild-type and mutant constructs show that the insert has no major role in dUTP binding or cleavage and provide a description of the elementary steps (fast binding of substrate and release of products). In conclusion, the structural and kinetic data allow insights into both the phage-specific characteristics and the generally conserved traits of ϕ11 phage dUTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Leveles
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 29 Karolina Street, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Zhang Y, Ye WY, Wang JQ, Wang SJ, Ji P, Zhou GY, Zhao GP, Ge HL, Wang Y. dCTP pyrophosphohydrase exhibits nucleic accumulation in multiple carcinomas. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e29. [PMID: 24085278 PMCID: PMC3794360 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTP-PPase) functions as one of the mechanisms to guarantee the fidelity of DNA replication through the cleavage of non-canonical nucleotides into di- or monophosphates. Human NTP-PPase is poorly understood and investigated. In the present study, by using tissue microarrays with the paired cancer and adjacent regions, we found that with the prevalent expression of dCTP pyrophosphohydrase (DCTPP1) in the cytosol and nucleus in tumors investigated, DCTPP1 was inclined to accumulate in the nucleus of cancer cells compared to the paired adjacent tissue cells in multiple carcinomas including lung, breast, liver, cervical, gastric and esophagus cancer. More significantly, the higher DCTPP1 expression in the nucleus of lung, gastric and esophagus cancer cells was associated with histological subtypes. The nucleic accumulation of DCTPP1 was apparently observed as well when tumor cell line MCF-7 was treated with H2O2in vitro. Considering the roles of DCTPP1 on restricting the concentration of non-canonical nucleotides in the nucleotide pool, accumulation of DCTPP1 in the nucleus of tumor cells might suffice for maintaining the proper DNA replication in order to fulfill the requirement for the survival and proliferation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.
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25
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Lin YP, Li HQ, Su HJ, Zhong GD, Zheng YY, Liu W, Qi XF, Yu YH. Clinical significance of TS and BRCA1 protein overexpression in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1421-1427. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i15.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS) and breast cancer susceptibility gene-1 (BRCA1) expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Two hundred and forty-six surgical specimens of gastric cancer collected from patients with complete clinical data who were treated at Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command between January 2011 and January 2012 were used in this study. The protein expression of TS and BRCA1 in these specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between TS and BRCA1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed.
RESULTS: The rates of TS and BRCA1 overexpression in gastric cancer were 39.02% (96/246) and 55.69% (137/246), respectively. There was no relationship between TS overexpression and sex, age, tumor site, histotype, differentiation, distant metastasis, depth of invasion, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). BRCA1 protein overexpression was associated with depth of invasion (P < 0.01) and TNM stage (P < 0.05), but not with sex, age, tumor site, differentiation, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis (all P > 0.05). The co-expression rate of TS and BRCA1 in gastric cancer was 26.02% (64/246). The overexpression of TS was negatively correlated with that of BRCA1 (P < 0.01, r = 0.2472).
CONCLUSION: There exists TS and BRCA1 overexpression in gastric cancer. The overexpression of BRCA1was associated with TNM stage and depth of invasion, which implies that BRCA1 overexpression may be related to invasion of gastric cancer. Detection of BRCA1 protein overexpression may be used to assess the malignant biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer and help choose chemotherapy drugs.
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26
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Abstract
Gastric cancer and colorectal cancer are the most common gastrointestinal tumors worldwide. The development, metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer are complex and are affected and regulated by many factors. These factors have important significance in guiding treatment and predicting prognosis. Recent studies have shown that thymidylic acid synthase (TS) is closely related with the occurrence, chemotherapy and prognosis of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer; however, there is still some controversy over this view. This review discusses the relationship between TS gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.
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27
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Uracil DNA glycosylase initiates degradation of HIV-1 cDNA containing misincorporated dUTP and prevents viral integration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E448-57. [PMID: 23341616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219702110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase discriminates poorly between dUTP and dTTP, and accordingly, viral DNA products become heavily uracilated when viruses infect host cells that contain high ratios of dUTP:dTTP. Uracilation of invading retroviral DNA is thought to be an innate immunity barrier to retroviral infection, but the mechanistic features of this immune pathway and the cellular fate of uracilated retroviral DNA products is not known. Here we developed a model system in which the cellular dUTP:dTTP ratio can be pharmacologically increased to favor dUTP incorporation, allowing dissection of this innate immunity pathway. When the virus-infected cells contained elevated dUTP levels, reverse transcription was found to proceed unperturbed, but integration and viral protein expression were largely blocked. Furthermore, successfully integrated proviruses lacked detectable uracil, suggesting that only nonuracilated viral DNA products were integration competent. Integration of the uracilated proviruses was restored using an isogenic cell line that had no detectable human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG2) activity, establishing that hUNG2 is a host restriction factor in cells that contain high dUTP. Biochemical studies in primary cells established that this immune pathway is not operative in CD4+ T cells, because these cells have high dUTPase activity (low dUTP), and only modest levels of hUNG activity. Although monocyte-derived macrophages have high dUTP levels, these cells have low hUNG activity, which may diminish the effectiveness of this restriction pathway. These findings establish the essential elements of this pathway and reconcile diverse observations in the literature.
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28
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Miyakoshi H, Miyahara S, Yokogawa T, Endoh K, Muto T, Yano W, Wakasa T, Ueno H, Chong KT, Taguchi J, Nomura M, Takao Y, Fujioka A, Hashimoto A, Itou K, Yamamura K, Shuto S, Nagasawa H, Fukuoka M. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing uracil derivatives with excellent pharmacokinetics as a novel class of potent human deoxyuridine triphosphatase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6427-37. [PMID: 22715973 DOI: 10.1021/jm3004174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) has emerged as a potential target for drug development as a 5-fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy. We describe the design and synthesis of a novel class of human dUTPase inhibitors, 1,2,3-triazole-containing uracil derivatives. Compound 45a, which possesses 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole moiety that mimics the amide bond of tert-amide-containing inhibitor 6b locked in a cis conformation showed potent inhibitory activity, and its structure-activity relationship studies led us to the discovery of highly potent inhibitors 48c and 50c (IC(50) = ~0.029 μM). These derivatives dramatically enhanced the growth inhibition activity of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine against HeLa S3 cells in vitro (EC(50) = ~0.05 μM). In addition, compound 50c exhibited a markedly improved pharmacokinetic profile as a result of the introduction of a benzylic hydroxy group and significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil against human breast cancer MX-1 xenograft model in mice. These data indicate that 50c is a promising candidate for combination cancer chemotherapies with TS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyakoshi
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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29
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Miyahara S, Miyakoshi H, Yokogawa T, Chong KT, Taguchi J, Muto T, Endoh K, Yano W, Wakasa T, Ueno H, Takao Y, Fujioka A, Hashimoto A, Itou K, Yamamura K, Nomura M, Nagasawa H, Shuto S, Fukuoka M. Discovery of Highly Potent Human Deoxyuridine Triphosphatase Inhibitors Based on the Conformation Restriction Strategy. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5483-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miyahara
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakoshi
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical and
Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yokogawa
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Khoon Tee Chong
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Junko Taguchi
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Muto
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Kanji Endoh
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Wakako Yano
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ueno
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Yayoi Takao
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Akio, Fujioka
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Itou
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamura
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Makoto Nomura
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical and
Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-0812, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukuoka
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
300-2611, Japan
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