1
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Li Y, He L, Qin H, Liu Y, Yang B, Xu Z, Yang D. A Facile Ugi/Ullmann Cascade Reaction to Access Fused Indazolo-Quinoxaline Derivatives with Potent Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:464. [PMID: 38257377 PMCID: PMC10820152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile methodology for the construction of a complex heterocycle indazolo-fused quinoxalinone has been developed via an Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) followed by an intramolecular Ullmann reaction. The expeditious process features an operationally simple approach, time efficiency, and a broad substrate scope. Biological activity was evaluated and demonstrated that compound 6e inhibits human colon cancer cell HCT116 proliferation with an IC50 of 2.1 μM, suggesting potential applications for developing a drug lead in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongxia Qin
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Binxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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2
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Agarwal DS, Beteck RM, Ilbeigi K, Caljon G, Legoabe LJ. Design and synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-chalcone conjugates as antikinetoplastid agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14400. [PMID: 37994272 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-appended chalcones were synthesized and characterized using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HRMS. The synthesized analogues were screened for their antikinetoplastid activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania infantum. The analogues were also tested for their cytotoxicity activity against human lung fibroblasts and primary mouse macrophages. Among all screened derivatives, 7f was found to be the most active against T. cruzi and T. b. brucei exhibiting IC50 values of 8.5 and 1.35 μM, respectively. Against T. b. rhodesiense, 7e was found to be the most active with an IC50 value of 1.13 μM. All synthesized active analogues were found to be non-cytotoxic against MRC-5 and PMM with selectivity indices of up to more than 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kayhan Ilbeigi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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3
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Emadi R, Bahrami Nekoo A, Molaverdi F, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Applications of palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18715-18733. [PMID: 37346956 PMCID: PMC10280806 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N cross-coupling bond formation reactions have become valuable approaches to synthesizing anilines and their derivatives, known as important chemical compounds. Recent developments in this field have focused on versatile catalysts, simple operation methods, and green reaction conditions. This review article presents an overview of C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compound synthesis reports. Selected examples of N-arylation reactions of various nitrogen-based compounds and aryl halides are defined for preparing pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Emadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrami Nekoo
- Nanoalvand Pharmaceutical Company, Department of Quality Control, Unit of Raw Materials Simindasht Alborz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaverdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, Tehran University Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus University St., Nahiyeh san'ati Mahshahr Khouzestan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
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4
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Santiago Á, Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L. Characterizing the Chemical Space of γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2765-2775. [PMID: 34291906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase (GS) is one of the most attractive molecular targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its key role in the final step of amyloid-β peptides generation and its relationship in the cascade of events for disease development have caught the attention of many pharmaceutical groups. Over the past years, different inhibitors and modulators have been evaluated as promising therapeutics against AD. However, despite the great chemical diversity of the reported compounds, a global classification and visual representation of the chemical space for GS inhibitors and modulators remain unavailable. In the present work, we carried out a two-dimensional (2D) chemical space analysis from different classes and subclasses of GS inhibitors and modulators based on their structural similarity. Along with the novel structural information available for GS complexes, our analysis opens the possibility to identify compounds with high molecular similarity, critical to finding new chemical structures through the optimization of existing compounds and relating them with a potential binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Santiago
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce C. Guzmán-Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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5
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Juillet C, Ermolenko L, Boyarskaya D, Baratte B, Josselin B, Nedev H, Bach S, Iorga BI, Bignon J, Ruchaud S, Al-Mourabit A. From Synthetic Simplified Marine Metabolite Analogues to New Selective Allosteric Inhibitor of Aurora B Kinase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1197-1219. [PMID: 33417773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant inhibition of Aurora B was achieved by the synthesis of simplified fragments of benzosceptrins and oroidin belonging to the marine pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles metabolites isolated from sponges. Evaluation of kinase inhibition enabled the discovery of a synthetically accessible rigid acetylenic structural analogue EL-228 (1), whose structure could be optimized into the potent CJ2-150 (37). Here we present the synthesis of new inhibitors of Aurora B kinase, which is an important target for cancer therapy through mitosis regulation. The biologically oriented synthesis yielded several nanomolar inhibitors. The optimized compound CJ2-150 (37) showed a non-ATP competitive allosteric mode of action in a mixed-type inhibition for Aurora B kinase. Molecular docking identified a probable binding mode in the allosteric site "F" and highlighted the key interactions with the protein. We describe the improvement of the inhibitory potency and specificity of the novel scaffold as well as the characterization of the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Juillet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Ludmila Ermolenko
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Dina Boyarskaya
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- Plateforme de Criblage KISSf, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Béatrice Josselin
- Plateforme de Criblage KISSf, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Hristo Nedev
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Plateforme de Criblage KISSf, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Roscoff, 29680, France.,Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Sandrine Ruchaud
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Ali Al-Mourabit
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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6
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Mandal M, Buevich A, Caldwell JP, Hyde L, Huang X, Liu X, McKittrick B, Mazzola RD, Pissarnitski D, Palani A, Zhang L, Parker E, Xiao L, Rindgen D, Zhu Z. Generation of Leads for γ-Secretase Modulation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8216-8230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department of NMR Structure Elucidation, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian McKittrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri Pissarnitski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Diane Rindgen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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Xu J, Tan HB, Zhang YJ, Tang DY, Zhan F, Li HY, Chen ZZ, Xu ZG. Catalyst-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyrazole-Pyrazines as Anti-Colorectal Cancer Agents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9281. [PMID: 32518332 PMCID: PMC7283261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The first catalyst-free post-Ugi cascade methodology was developed for expeditious access to structurally diverse and complex pyrazole-pyrazines in one-pot. This novel cascade reaction features an intramolecular N2-arylation of pyrazoles with allenes at the C-β position of triple bond. Screening in the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620 validated the feasibility of the methodology for generating bioactive compounds. The lead compound 7h which is active against HCT116 and SW620 with IC50 of 1.3 and 1.8 µM, respectively, can be synthesized and purified in a gram process synthetic scale in 7 hours. The mechanical studies indicated that compound 7h can induce cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and inhibit proliferation and viability in human colon cancer cells. Overall, compound 7h is represented as a promising starting point for the development of new anti-colorectal cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Hong-Bo Tan
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Dian-Yong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. .,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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8
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Quattrini L, Gelardi ELM, Petrarolo G, Colombo G, Ferraris DM, Picarazzi F, Rizzi M, Garavaglia S, La Motta C. Progress in the Field of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: Novel Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines against the 1A Family. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:963-970. [PMID: 32435412 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A family are commonly acknowledged as hallmarks of cancer stem cells, and their overexpression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in different types of malignancies. Accordingly, treatments targeting these enzymes may represent a successful strategy to fight cancer. In this work we describe a novel series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, designed as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors by means of a structure-based optimization of a previously developed lead. The novel compounds were evaluated in vitro for their activity and selectivity against the three isoforms of the ALDH1A family and investigated through crystallization and modeling studies for their ability to interact with the catalytic site of the 1A3 isoform. Compound 3f emerged as the first in class submicromolar competitive inhibitor of the target enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quattrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Petrarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP - Centre for Instrumentation Sharing - University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Optimization and biological evaluation of imidazopyridine derivatives as a novel scaffold for γ-secretase modulators with oral efficacy against cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115455. [PMID: 32307259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) selectively lower amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) and are therefore potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report the discovery of imidazopyridine derivatives as GSMs with oral activity on not only Aβ42 levels but also cognitive function. Structural optimization of the biphenyl group and pyridine-2-amide moiety of compound 1a greatly improved GSM activity and rat microsomal stability, respectively. 5-{8-[(3,4'-Difluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl}-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide (1o) showed high in vitro potency and brain exposure, induced a robust reduction in brain Aβ42 levels, and exhibited undetectable inhibition of cytochrome p450 enzymes. Moreover, compound 1o showed excellent efficacy against cognitive deficits in AD model mice. These findings suggest that compound 1o is a promising candidate for AD therapeutics.
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10
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Sekioka R, Honda S, Honjo E, Suzuki T, Akashiba H, Mitani Y, Yamasaki S. Discovery of N-ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide derivatives as a novel scaffold for orally active γ-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Vanda D, Zajdel P, Soural M. Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Im D, Moon H, Kim J, Oh Y, Jang M, Hah JM. Conformational restriction of a type II FMS inhibitor leading to discovery of 5-methyl- N-(2-aryl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazo-5-yl)isoxazole-4-carboxamide analogues as selective FLT3 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1716-1721. [PMID: 31571509 PMCID: PMC6781469 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1671837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-arylamido 5-methylisoxazole derivatives incorporating benzimidazole was designed and synthesised by conformational restriction of an in-house type II FMS inhibitor. Kinase profiling of one compound revealed interesting features, with increased inhibitory potency towards FLT3 and concomitant loss of potency towards FMS. Several benzimidazole derivatives 5a–5g and 6a–6c containing various hydrophobic moieties were synthesised, and their inhibitory activity against FLT3 was evaluated. Specifically, 5a, 5-methyl-N-(2-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-yl) isoxazole-4-carboxamide, exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against FLT3 (IC50 = 495 nM), with excellent selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daseul Im
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
| | - Jingwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
| | - Youri Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
| | - Miyoung Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Hah
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Korea
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13
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Gulcan HO, Mavideniz A, Sahin MF, Orhan IE. Benzimidazole-derived Compounds Designed for Different Targets of Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3260-3278. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124123208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole scaffold has been efficiently used for the design of various pharmacologically active molecules. Indeed, there are various benzimidazole drugs, available today, employed for the treatment of different diseases. Although there is no benzimidazole moiety containing a drug used in clinic today for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), there have been many benzimidazole derivative compounds designed and synthesized to act on some of the validated and non-validated targets of AD. This paper aims to review the literature to describe these benzimidazole containing molecules designed to target some of the biochemical cascades shown to be involved in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozan Gulcan
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Famagusta, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Açelya Mavideniz
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Famagusta, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fethi Sahin
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Famagusta, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Silva GM, Barcelos MP, Poiani JGC, Hage-Melim LIDS, da Silva CHTDP. Allosteric Modulators of Potential Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease: a Review. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1467-1483. [PMID: 31310701 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and there is an urgent need to discover new and efficacious forms of treatment for it. Pathological patterns of AD include cholinergic dysfunction, increased β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide concentration, the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles, among others, all of which are strongly associated with specific biological targets. Interactions observed between these targets and potential drug candidates in AD most often occur by competitive mechanisms driven by orthosteric ligands that sometimes result in the production of side effects. In this context, the allosteric mechanism represents a key strategy; this can be regarded as the selective modulation of such targets by allosteric modulators in an advantageous manner, as this may decrease the likelihood of side effects. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of compounds that act as allosteric modulators of the main biological targets related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Curtolo Poiani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage-Melim
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, 68903-419, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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15
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Pauton M, Gillet R, Aubert C, Bluet G, Gruss-Leleu F, Roy S, Perrio C. The first radiosynthesis of 2-amino-5-[ 18F]fluoropyridines via a "minimalist" radiofluorination/palladium-catalyzed amination sequence from anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl)iodonium triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6359-6363. [PMID: 31218326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-amino-5-[18F]fluoropyridines was achieved in 8-85% yields by palladium-catalyzed reaction of 2-bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine with piperidine, dimethylamine, butylamine, methylpiperazine, benzylamine, aniline and 3-aminopyridine. 2-Bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine was obtained by radiofluorination of anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl-5)iodonium triflate (88% yield). The radiofluorination step was performed under "minimalist" conditions to guarantee a successful subsequent amination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pauton
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France. and Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Gillet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Florence Gruss-Leleu
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
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16
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Design and synthesis of a novel series of cyanoindole derivatives as potent γ-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1737-1745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Schaduangrat N, Prachayasittikul V, Choomwattana S, Wongchitrat P, Phopin K, Suwanjang W, Malik AA, Vincent B, Nantasenamat C. Multidisciplinary approaches for targeting the secretase protein family as a therapeutic route for Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1730-1778. [PMID: 30628099 DOI: 10.1002/med.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The continual increase of the aging population worldwide renders Alzheimer's disease (AD) a global prime concern. Several attempts have been focused on understanding the intricate complexity of the disease's development along with the on- andgoing search for novel therapeutic strategies. Incapability of existing AD drugs to effectively modulate the pathogenesis or to delay the progression of the disease leads to a shift in the paradigm of AD drug discovery. Efforts aimed at identifying AD drugs have mostly focused on the development of disease-modifying agents in which effects are believed to be long lasting. Of particular note, the secretase enzymes, a group of proteases responsible for the metabolism of the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides production, have been underlined for their promising therapeutic potential. This review article attempts to comprehensively cover aspects related to the identification and use of drugs targeting the secretase enzymes. Particularly, the roles of secretases in the pathogenesis of AD and their therapeutic modulation are provided herein. Moreover, an overview of the drug development process and the contribution of computational (in silico) approaches for facilitating successful drug discovery are also highlighted along with examples of relevant computational works. Promising chemical scaffolds, inhibitors, and modulators against each class of secretases are also summarized herein. Additionally, multitarget secretase modulators are also taken into consideration in light of the current growing interest in the polypharmacology of complex diseases. Finally, challenging issues and future outlook relevant to the discovery of drugs targeting secretases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowapak Choomwattana
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Sekioka R, Honjo E, Honda S, Fuji H, Akashiba H, Mitani Y, Yamasaki S. Discovery of novel scaffolds for γ-secretase modulators without an arylimidazole moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:435-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Jana S, Samanta S, Bagdi AK, Shirinian VZ, Hajra A. Metal-free C–H arylation of imidazoheterocycles with aryl hydrazines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12360-12367. [PMID: 35539413 PMCID: PMC9079221 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-free C–H arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines at C-3 position with arylhydrazines in presence of DBU has been developed at room temperature under ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan
- India
| | - Sadhanendu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan
- India
| | - Avik K. Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry
- TDB College
- Burdwan 713347
- India
| | | | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan
- India
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21
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Ye F, Boukattaya F, Haddad M, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V, Michelet V. Synthesis of 2-aminopyridines via ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6- and 1,7-diynes with cyanamides: scope and limitations. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A direct route to access 2-aminopyridines using Ru-catalyzed-[2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,n-diynes with cyanamides is described in excellent yields and regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Fatma Boukattaya
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | | | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
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22
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Johnson DS, Li YM, Pettersson M, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural and Chemical Biology of Presenilin Complexes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024067. [PMID: 28320827 PMCID: PMC5710098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a tetrameric complex containing presenilin 1 or 2, anterior pharynx defective 1 (APH1), nicastrin, and PEN-2. Other components such as TMP21 may exist in a subset of specialized complexes. The presenilin complex is the founding member of a unique class of aspartyl proteases that catalyze the γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage of the transmembrane domains of Type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Here, we detail the structural and chemical biology of this unusual enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that the complex exists in several conformations, and subtle long-range (allosteric) shifts in the conformation of the complex underpin substrate access to the catalytic site and the mechanism of action for allosteric inhibitors and modulators. Understanding the mechanics of these shifts will facilitate the design of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) compounds that modulate the relative efficiency of γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage and/or substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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23
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Chen Y, Zhang R, Peng Q, Xu L, Pan X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Directed C−H Amidation of N
-Nitrosoanilines and Subsequent Formation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2804-2808. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
| | - Qiujun Peng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
| | - Lanting Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance and Flavor Industry; 480 Nanning Road Shanghai 200232 P.R. China
| | - XianHua Pan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance and Flavor Industry; 480 Nanning Road Shanghai 200232 P.R. China
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24
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Ye F, Haddad M, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V, Michelet V. Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Forming 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives from α,ω-Diynes and Cyanamides. Org Lett 2017; 19:1104-1107. [PMID: 28225282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel, efficient, and mild synthetic route for the preparation of 2-aminopyridines via ruthenium-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and cyanamides has been developed. This atom-economical catalytic process demonstrated remarkable regioselectivities to access pyridine derivatives of high synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS , Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS , Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS , Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris 75005, France
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25
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Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic studies of two new benzimidazole derivatives: A comparative study. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Ye F, Haddad M, Michelet V, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Solvent-free ruthenium trichloride-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and cyanamides: a convenient access to 2-aminopyridines. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A convenient access to functionalized 2-aminopyridinesviaa solventless Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of α,ω-diynes and cyanamides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
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27
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γ-Secretase Modulators as Aβ42-Lowering Pharmacological Agents to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Akhtar W, Khan MF, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Rizvi MA, Mehdi SH, Akhter M, Alam MM. Therapeutic evolution of benzimidazole derivatives in the last quinquennial period. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:705-753. [PMID: 27951484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole, a fused heterocycle bearing benzene and imidazole has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities. This nitrogen containing heterocycle is a part of a number of therapeutically used agents. Moreover, a number of patents concerning this moiety in the last few years further highlight its worth. The present review covers the recent work published by scientists across the globe during last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M A Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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29
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Bursavich MG, Harrison BA, Blain JF. Gamma Secretase Modulators: New Alzheimer's Drugs on the Horizon? J Med Chem 2016; 59:7389-409. [PMID: 27007185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly aging population desperately requires new therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Despite years of pharmaceutical research, limited clinical success has been realized, with several failed disease modification therapies in recent years. On the basis of compelling genetic evidence, the pharmaceutical industry has put a large emphasis on brain beta amyloid (Aβ) either through its removal via antibodies or by targeting the proteases responsible for its production. In this Perspective, we focus on the development of small molecules that improve the activity of one such protease, gamma secretase, through an allosteric binding site to preferentially increase the concentration of the shorter non-amyloidogenic Aβ species. After a few early failures due to poor drug-like properties, the industry is now on the cusp of delivering gamma secretase modulators for clinical proof-of-mechanism studies that combine potency and efficacy with improved drug-like properties such as lower cLogP, high central nervous system multiparameter optimization scores, and high sp(3) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bursavich
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bryce A Harrison
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jean-François Blain
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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31
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Shakoor SMA, Agarwal DS, Kumar A, Sakhuja R. Copper catalyzed direct aerobic double-oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of imidazoheterocycles with aryl acetaldehydes: an articulate approach for dicarbonylation at C-3 position. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Chen X, Xu W, Wang K, Mo M, Zhang W, Du L, Yuan X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Shen J. Discovery of a Novel Series of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8529-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinde Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingguang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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33
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Deprotection of N-benzylbenzimidazoles and N-benzylimidazoles with triethylsilane and Pd/C. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Conformational restriction: an effective tactic in 'follow-on'-based drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:885-901. [PMID: 24962281 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformational restriction (rigidification) of a flexible ligand has often been a commonly used strategy in drug design, as it can minimize the entropic loss associated with the ligand adopting a preferred conformation for binding, which leads to enhanced potency for a given physiological target, improved selectivity for isoforms and reduced the possibility of drug metabolism. Therefore, the application of conformational restriction strategy is a core aspect of drug discovery and development that is widely practiced by medicinal chemists either deliberately or subliminally. The present review will highlight current representative examples and a brief overview on the rational design of conformationally restricted agents as well as discuss its advantages over the flexible counterparts.
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Choy PY, Luk KC, Wu Y, So CM, Wang LL, Kwong FY. Regioselective Direct C-3 Arylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates Promoted by Palladium–Phosphine Complexes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1457-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502386w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Choy
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Chak Luk
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yinuo Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-lai Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- State
Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology
and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chandrasekhara Rao L, Satish Kumar N, Meshram HM. Microwave assisted novel and regioselective functionalization of imidazopyridines with chromene acetals and β-nitrostyrenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthesis of novel functionalized imidazopyridines has been accomplished through the condensation of imidazopyridines with chromene hemiacetals or β-nitro styrenes with high regioselectivity and excellent yields in the presence of a catalytic amount of PTSA or InCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chandrasekhara Rao
- Medicinal Chemisty and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500 007
- India
| | - N. Satish Kumar
- Medicinal Chemisty and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500 007
- India
| | - H. M. Meshram
- Medicinal Chemisty and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500 007
- India
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37
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Delgado O, Delgado F, Vega JA, Trabanco AA. N-Bridged 5,6-bicyclic pyridines: Recent applications in central nervous system disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:719-31. [PMID: 25542766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel heterobicyclic compounds within the drug-like chemical space continues to be an area of interest in medicinal chemistry. Unsaturated N-bridgehead heterocycles are well represented in marketed drugs for a variety of therapeutic areas, and continue to play an important role in central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery programs. Examples of medicinal chemistry strategies that make use of N-bridged 5,6-bicyclic pyridines are discussed here in this Minireview, which covers the literature from 2010 up to 2014. B1-class imidazopyridines and B3-class pyrazolopyridines have proven to be at the forefront of molecular prototypes that are capable of interacting with disease relevant targets in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vega
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
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38
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Velter AI, Bischoff FP, Berthelot D, De Cleyn M, Oehlrich D, Jaroskova L, Macdonald G, Minne G, Pieters S, Rombouts F, Van Brandt S, Van Roosbroeck Y, Surkyn M, Trabanco AA, Tresadern G, Wu T, Borghys H, Mercken M, Masungi C, Gijsen H. Anilinotriazoles as potent gamma secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5805-5813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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40
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Yang W, Yang Z, Xu L, Zhang L, Xu X, Miao M, Ren H. Bi(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Triazenylaryl Allylic Alcohols: A Stereoselective, High-Yield Synthesis of ( E)-3-Alkenyl 2 H-indazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.903423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhigen Yang
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lijun Xu
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lili Zhang
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xin Xu
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hongjun Ren
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China
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41
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Hiebel MA, Fall Y, Scherrmann MC, Berteina-Raboin S. Straightforward Synthesis of Various 2,3-Diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in PEG400Medium through One-Pot Condensation and C-H Arylation. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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42
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Pettersson M, Johnson DS, Subramanyam C, Bales KR, am Ende CW, Fish BA, Green ME, Kauffman GW, Mullins PB, Navaratnam T, Sakya SM, Stiff CM, Tran TP, Xie L, Zhang L, Pustilnik LR, Vetelino BC, Wood KM, Pozdnyakov N, Verhoest PR, O’Donnell CJ. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Novel Series of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-Secretase Modulators. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1046-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chakrapani Subramanyam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher W. am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Fish
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael E. Green
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory W. Kauffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick B. Mullins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thayalan Navaratnam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Subas M. Sakya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cory M. Stiff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tuan P. Tran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leslie R. Pustilnik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beth C. Vetelino
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nikolay Pozdnyakov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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43
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Léger GC, Massoud F. Novel disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 6:423-42. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.811237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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44
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Hall A, Patel TR. γ-Secretase modulators: current status and future directions. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 53:101-45. [PMID: 24418609 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63380-4.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the current status of γ-secretase modulators, highlighting key compounds by each company involved in the area. The review focuses on the three main chemotypes: acids, imidazoles and related derivatives and natural products. A section on chemical biology and ligand-binding site elucidation studies is also included. The primary source of information is drawn from peer reviewed literature as this permits analysis of PK-PD relationships and subsequent comment. Discussion of the patent literature is included for completeness. From this analysis, the key issues and challenges in the area are highlighted. The review concludes with a summary of the clinical development status and comment on future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Neuroscience and General Medicine Product Creation Unit, Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Toshal R Patel
- Department of BioPharmacology, Discovery Research, Neuroscience and General Medicine Product Creation Unit, Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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45
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Chen JJ, Qian W, Biswas K, Yuan C, Amegadzie A, Liu Q, Nixey T, Zhu J, Ncube M, Rzasa RM, Chavez F, Chen N, DeMorin F, Rumfelt S, Tegley CM, Allen JR, Hitchcock S, Hungate R, Bartberger MD, Zalameda L, Liu Y, McCarter JD, Zhang J, Zhu L, Babu-Khan S, Luo Y, Bradley J, Wen PH, Reid DL, Koegler F, Dean C, Hickman D, Correll TL, Williamson T, Wood S. Discovery of 2-methylpyridine-based biaryl amides as γ-secretase modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6447-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Golde TE, Koo EH, Felsenstein KM, Osborne BA, Miele L. γ-Secretase inhibitors and modulators. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1828:2898-907. [PMID: 23791707 PMCID: PMC3857966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is a fascinating, multi-subunit, intramembrane cleaving protease that is now being considered as a therapeutic target for a number of diseases. Potent, orally bioavailable γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed and tested in humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. Preclinical studies also suggest the therapeutic potential for GSIs in other disease conditions. However, due to inherent mechanism based-toxicity of non-selective inhibition of γ-secretase, clinical development of GSIs will require empirical testing with careful evaluation of benefit versus risk. In addition to GSIs, compounds referred to as γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) remain in development as AD therapeutics. GSMs do not inhibit γ-secretase, but modulate γ-secretase processivity and thereby shift the profile of the secreted amyloid β peptides (Aβ) peptides produced. Although GSMs are thought to have an inherently safe mechanism of action, their effects on substrates other than the amyloid β protein precursor (APP) have not been extensively investigated. Herein, we will review the current state of development of GSIs and GSMs and explore pertinent biological and pharmacological questions pertaining to the use of these agents for select indications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Intramembrane Proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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47
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Pettersson M, Stepan AF, Kauffman GW, Johnson DS. Novel γ-secretase modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a review focusing on patents from 2010 to 2012. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1349-66. [PMID: 23875696 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.821465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION γ-Secretase is the enzyme responsible for the final step of amyloid precursor protein proteolysis to generate Aβ peptides including Aβ42 which is believed to be a toxic species involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) have been shown to selectively lower Aβ42 production without affecting total Aβ levels or the formation of γ-secretase substrate intracellular domains such as APP intracellular domain and Notch intracellular domain. Therefore, GSMs have emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. AREAS COVERED The literature covering novel GSMs will be reviewed focusing on patents from 2010 to 2012. EXPERT OPINION During the last review period (2008 - 2010) considerable progress was made developing GSMs with improved potency for lowering Aβ42 levels, but most of the compounds resided in unfavorable central nervous system (CNS) drug space. In this review period (2010 - 2012), there is a higher percentage of potent GSM chemical matter that resides in favorable CNS drug space. It is anticipated that clinical candidates will emerge out of this cohort that will be able to test the GSM mechanism of action in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139 , USA
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48
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Design and synthesis of bicyclic heterocycles as potent γ-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4794-800. [PMID: 23890837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of amide 3 into conformationally restricted bicyclic triazolo-piperidine 14-S as a γ-secretase modulator is described. This is a potential disease modifying anti-Alzheimer's drug which demonstrated high in vitro and in vivo potency against Aβ42 peptide, reduced lipophilicity and enhanced brain free fraction compared to the previous series.
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49
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Crump CJ, Johnson DS, Li YM. Development and mechanism of γ-secretase modulators for Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3197-216. [PMID: 23614767 DOI: 10.1021/bi400377p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an aspartyl intramembranal protease composed of presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen2 with 19 transmembrane domains. γ-Secretase cleaves the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) to release Aβ peptides that likely play a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, γ-secretase cleaves Notch and other type I membrane proteins. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed and used for clinical studies. However, clinical trials have shown adverse effects of GSIs that are potentially linked with nondiscriminatory inhibition of Notch signaling, overall APP processing, and other substrate cleavages. Therefore, these findings call for the development of disease-modifying agents that target γ-secretase activity to lower levels of Aβ42 production without blocking the overall processing of γ-secretase substrates. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) originally derived from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display such characteristics and are the focus of this review. However, first-generation GSMs have limited potential because of the low potency and undesired neuropharmacokinetic properties. This generation of GSMs has been suggested to interact with the APP substrate, γ-secretase, or both. To improve the potency and brain availability, second-generation GSMs, including NSAID-derived carboxylic acid and non-NSAID-derived heterocyclic chemotypes, as well as natural product-derived GSMs have been developed. Animal studies of this generation of GSMs have shown encouraging preclinical profiles. Moreover, using potent GSM photoaffinity probes, multiple studies unambiguously have showed that both carboxylic acid and heterocyclic GSMs specifically target presenilin, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. In addition, two types of GSMs have distinct binding sites within the γ-secretase complex and exhibit different Aβ profiles. GSMs induce a conformational change of γ-secretase to achieve modulation. Various models are proposed and discussed. Despite the progress of GSM research, many outstanding issues remain to be investigated to achieve the ultimate goal of developing GSMs as effective AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Crump
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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50
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γ-Secretase Modulators: Can We Combine Potency with Safety? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:295207. [PMID: 23365783 PMCID: PMC3534213 DOI: 10.1155/2012/295207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase modulation has been proposed as a potential disease modifying anti-Alzheimer's approach. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) cause a product shift from the longer amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide isoforms to shorter, more soluble, and less amyloidogenic isoforms, without inhibiting APP or Notch proteolytic processing. As such, modulating γ-secretase may avoid some of the adverse effects observed with γ-secretase inhibitors. Since the termination of the GSM tarenfurbil in 2008 due to negative phase III trial results, a considerable progress has been made towards more potent and better brain penetrable compounds. However, an analysis of their lipophilic efficiency indices indicates that their increased potency can be largely attributed to their increased lipophilicity. The need for early and chronic dosing with GSMs will require high-safety margins. This will be a challenge to achieve with the current, highly lipophilic GSMs. We will demonstrate that by focusing on the drug-like properties of GSMs, a combination of high in vitro potency and reduced lipophilicity can be achieved and does result in better tolerated compounds. The next hurdle will be to translate this knowledge into GSMs which are highly efficacious and safe in vivo.
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