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Wei W, Xu Q, Wu L, Gong G, Tian Y, Huang H, Li Z. Drug development and potential targets for Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116333. [PMID: 38569434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a complex disorder characterized by the excessive secretion of cortisol, with Cushing's disease (CD), particularly associated with pituitary tumors, exhibiting heightened morbidity and mortality. Although transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) stands as the primary treatment for CD, there is a crucial need to optimize patient prognosis. Current medical therapy serves as an adjunctive measure due to its unsatisfactory efficacy and unpredictable side effects. In this comprehensive review, we delve into recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of CS and explore therapeutic options by conducting a critical analysis of potential drug targets and candidates. Additionally, we provide an overview of the design strategy employed in previously reported candidates, along with a summary of structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses and their biological efficacy. This review aims to contribute valuable insights to the evolving landscape of CS research, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Liuyi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Guangyue Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yucheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Huidan Huang
- Center of Drug Screening & Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, PR China.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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2
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He X, Liu K, Yan S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 1,7-Fused Indolines Tethered with Spiroindolinone Based on C-H Activation Strategy with Air as a Sustainable Oxidant. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1880-1897. [PMID: 38252142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient synthesis of 1,7-fused indolines tethered with a spiroindolinonyl moiety through the cascade reaction of indolin-1-yl(aryl)methanimines with diazo oxindoles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in which 1,7-fused indoline skeleton was constructed along with the simultaneous introduction of a spiro element initiated by the C-H bond activation of indoline. In forming the title product, the indoline substrate and the diazo coupling partner demonstrated an unprecedented reaction pattern in which the latter acts as a C1 synthon to participate in the construction of the spirocyclic scaffold through the reductive elimination of a key seven-membered Ru(II) species by using air as an effective and sustainable oxidant to regenerate the active catalyst. Moreover, studies on the cytotoxicity of selected products against several human cancer cell lines demonstrated their potential as lead compounds for the development of anticancer drugs. With notable features such as simple and economical substrates, pharmaceutically valuable products with sophisticated spirocyclic skeleton, mild reaction conditions, cost-free and sustainable oxidants, high efficiency, excellent compatibility with diverse functional groups, and scalability, this method is expected to find wide applications in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Jäger MC, Kędzierski J, Gell V, Wey T, Kollár J, Winter DV, Schuster D, Smieško M, Odermatt A. Virtual screening and biological evaluation to identify pharmaceuticals potentially causing hypertension and hypokalemia by inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116638. [PMID: 37499767 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs were found after their market approval to unexpectedly inhibit adrenal 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)-dependent cortisol synthesis. Known side-effects of CYP11B1 inhibition include hypertension and hypokalemia, due to a feedback activation of adrenal steroidogenesis, leading to supraphysiological concentrations of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone that can activate the mineralocorticoid receptor. This results in potassium excretion and sodium and water retention, ultimately causing hypertension. With the risk known but usually not addressed in preclinical evaluation, this study aimed to identify drugs and drug candidates inhibiting CYP11B1. Two conceptually different virtual screening methods were combined, a pharmacophore based and an induced fit docking approach. Cell-free and cell-based CYP11B1 activity measurements revealed several inhibitors with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Inhibitors include retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs), azole antifungals, α2-adrenoceptor ligands, and a farnesyltransferase inhibitor. The active compounds share a nitrogen atom embedded in an aromatic ring system. Structure activity analysis identified the free electron pair of the nitrogen atom as a prerequisite for the drug-enzyme interaction, with its pKa value as an indicator of inhibitory potency. Another important parameter is drug lipophilicity, exemplified by etomidate. Changing its ethyl ester moiety to a more hydrophilic carboxylic acid group dramatically decreased the inhibitory potential, most likely due to less efficient cellular uptake. The presented work successfully combined different in silico and in vitro methods to identify several previously unknown CYP11B1 inhibitors. This workflow facilitates the identification of compounds that inhibit CYP11B1 and therefore pose a risk for inducing hypertension and hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Jäger
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jacek Kędzierski
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Victoria Gell
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Tim Wey
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jakub Kollár
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Denise V Winter
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin Smieško
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Gao J, Song Q, Zhang L, Shao J, Wang B, Iqbal A, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C, Zhang Y. Pd-Catalyzed C-7 Arylation of Indolines with Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11056-11068. [PMID: 37462323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of indolines at C-7 position has been achieved at near-ambient temperature. The reaction was carried out with aryltriazene as a stable aryl source and electron shuttle to sustainably release aryl radical in situ under the action of promoter, and pyrimidine as a detachable directing group for the synthesis of 7-arylindolines under oxidant- and ligand-free conditions. Notably, this catalytic system can also be applied to the direct and site-selective arylation of tetrahydroquinolines (C-8) and carbazoles (C-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Qinglang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
- College of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
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5
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Wróbel TM, Jørgensen FS, Pandey AV, Grudzińska A, Sharma K, Yakubu J, Björkling F. Non-steroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitors: Discovery and Assessment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6542-6566. [PMID: 37191389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CYP17A1 is an enzyme that plays a major role in steroidogenesis and is critically involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Therefore, it remains an attractive target in several serious hormone-dependent cancer diseases, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. The medicinal chemistry community has been committed to the discovery and development of CYP17A1 inhibitors for many years, particularly for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. The current Perspective reflects upon the discovery and evaluation of non-steroidal CYP17A1 inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry angle. Emphasis is placed on the structural aspects of the target, key learnings from the presented chemotypes, and design guidelines for future inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Wróbel
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Grudzińska
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katyayani Sharma
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jibira Yakubu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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In silico selectivity modeling of pyridine and pyrimidine based CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 inhibitors: A case study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108238. [PMID: 35691091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DESIGN of selective drug candidates for highly structural similar targets is a challenging task for researchers. The main objective of this study was to explore the selectivity modeling of pyridine and pyrimidine scaffold towards the highly homologous targets CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 enzymes by in silico (Molecular docking and QSAR) approaches. In this regard, a big dataset (n = 228) of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 inhibitors were gathered and classified based on heterocyclic ring and the exhaustive analysis was carried out for pyridine and pyrimidinescaffolds. The LibDock algorithm was used to explore the binding pattern, screening, and identify the structural feature responsible for the selectivity of the ligands towards the studied targets. Finally, QSAR analysis was done to explore the correlation between various binding parameters and structural features responsible for the inhibitory activity and selectivity of the ligands in a quantitative way. The docking and QSAR analysis clearly revealed and distinguished the importance of structural features, functional groups attached for CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 selectivity for pyridine and pyrimidine analogs. Additionally, the docking analysis highlighted the differentiating amino acids residues for selectivity for ligands for each of the enzymes. The results obtained from this research work will be helpful in designing the selective CYP11B1/CYP11B2 inhibitors.
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Yin L, Pan Y, Xue Y, Chen X, You T, Huang J, Xu Q, Hu Q. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Pyridyl 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-4,7-Methanobenzo[ d]isoxazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxylase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11876-11888. [PMID: 35975976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of CYP11B1 is a promising therapy for severe diseases caused by excessive cortisol. Enantiomer discrimination provides clues to achieve selectivity that CYP11B1 and homologous CYP11B2 were selectively bound by S- and R-fadrozole, respectively, in distinct binding modes. Pyridyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methanobenzo[d]isoxazoles showing a similar binding mode to S-fadrozole in CYP11B1 were designed as potent and selective CYP11B1 inhibitors. Compound 7aa exhibited a highly potent CYP11B1 inhibition similar to that of the drug osilodrostat (IC50's of 9 and 6 nM, respectively) but was 1500-fold more selective over CYP11B2 compared to osilodrostat (selectivity factors of 125 versus 0.08, respectively). Strong reductions of plasma cortisol concentrations by compound 7aa were demonstrated in rats without interference in aldosterone production after oral application. It showed no inhibition against a panel of steroidogenic and hepatic CYP enzymes. Exhibiting a good pharmacokinetic profile, compound 7aa was considered as a drug candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youtian Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Taiyun You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qihao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Waihuan Road, 510006 Panyu, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Ouyang W, Liu B, He Y, Wen Y, Gao Y, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Modular construction of functionalized anilines via switchable C–H and N-alkylations of traceless N-nitroso anilines with olefins. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Switchable C–H or N-alkylations of N-nitroso anilines with olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bairong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanmei Wen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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9
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Guengerich FP. Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Drugs-Molecular Basis and Practical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:1-18. [PMID: 34475272 PMCID: PMC8724836 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions are a major cause of hospitalization and deaths related to drug use. A large fraction of these is due to inhibition of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and transport, particularly cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Understanding basic mechanisms of enzyme inhibition is important, particularly in terms of reversibility and the use of the appropriate parameters. In addition to drug-drug interactions, issues have involved interactions of drugs with foods and natural products related to P450 enzymes. Predicting drug-drug interactions is a major effort in drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. With appropriate in vitro experiments, it is possible to stratify clinical drug-drug interaction studies. A better understanding of drug interactions and training of physicians and pharmacists has developed. Finally, some P450s have been the targets of drugs in some cancers and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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10
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He H, Cao Y, Xu J, Antilla JC. Catalytic Asymmetric C-7 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/ N-Hemiacetalization of 4-Aminoindoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:3010-3014. [PMID: 33792336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A unique catalytic asymmetric C-7 Friedel-Crafts alkylation/N-hemiacetalization cascade reaction of 4-aminoindoles with β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters has been described. Using a chiral magnesium H8-BINOL-derived bis(phosphate) complex as catalyst, the resulting functionalized 1,7-annulated indole scaffolds are obtained in high yields (up to 98%) and with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%) and diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1) under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing He
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jon C Antilla
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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11
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Prusty N, Kinthada LK, Meena R, Chebolu R, Ravikumar PC. Bismuth(iii)-catalyzed regioselective alkylation of tetrahydroquinolines and indolines towards the synthesis of bioactive core-biaryl oxindoles and CYP19 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:891-905. [PMID: 33410845 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth(iii)-catalyzed regioselective functionalization at the C-6 position of tetrahydroquinolines and the C-5 position of indolines has been demonstrated. For the first time, one pot symmetrical and unsymmetrical arylation of isatins with tetrahydroquinolines was accomplished giving a completely new product skeleton in good to excellent yields. Most importantly, this protocol leads to the formation of a highly strained quaternary carbon stereogenic center, which is a challenging task. Benzhydryl and 1-phenylethyl trichloroacetimidates have been used as the alkylating partners to functionalize the C-6 and C-5 positions of tetrahydroquinolines and indolines, respectively. The scope of the developed methodology has been extended for the synthesis of the bioactive CYP19-inhibitor and its analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Prusty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Lakshmana K Kinthada
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Rohit Meena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Rajesh Chebolu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Ponneri Chandrababu Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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13
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Shah TA, De PB, Pradhan S, Punniyamurthy T. Transition-metal-catalyzed site-selective C7-functionalization of indoles: advancement and future prospects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:572-587. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and future prospects of transition-metal-catalyzed auxiliary assisted regioselective C7-functionalization of indoles/indolines are covered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781039
- India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781039
- India
| | - Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781039
- India
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14
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Cao X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Yu M, Xu X, Liu X, Liu BF, Zhang L, Zhang G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fused Tricyclic Heterocycle Piperazine (Piperidine) Derivatives As Potential Multireceptor Atypical Antipsychotics. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10017-10039. [PMID: 30383372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel series of multireceptor ligands was developed as polypharmacological antipsychotic agents using the designed multiple ligand approach between dopamine receptors and serotonin receptors. Among them, compound 47 possessed unique pharmacological features, exhibiting high affinities for D2, D3, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT6 receptors and low efficacy at the off-target receptors (5-HT2C, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1 receptor). Compound 47 showed dose-dependent inhibition of apomorphine- and MK-801-induced motor behavior, and the conditioned avoidance response with low cataleptic effect. Moreover, compound 47 resulted nonsignificantly serum prolactin levels and weight gain change compared with risperidone. Additionally, compound 47 possessed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with oral bioavailability of 58.8% in rats. Furthermore, compound 47 displayed procognition properties in a novel object recognition task in rats. Taken together, compound 47 may constitute a novel class of atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cao
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Yinli Qiu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Minquan Yu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Xin Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China.,Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
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15
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Ukrainets IV, Sidorenko LV, Golik MY, Chernenok IM, Grinevich LA, Davidenko AA. N-Aryl-7-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido-[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxamides. The Synthesis and Effects on Urinary Output. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:E12. [PMID: 29642551 PMCID: PMC6027687 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuing a targeted search for new leading structures with diuretic action among tricyclic derivatives of hydroxyquinolines, which are of interest as potential inhibitors of aldosterone synthase, the synthesis of a series of the corresponding pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxanilides was carried out by amidation of ethyl-7-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylate with aniline, aminophenols and O-alkylsubstituted analogs with high yields and purity. The optimal conditions of this reaction are proposed; they make it possible to prevent partial destruction of the original heterocyclic ester and thereby avoid formation of specific impurities of 7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-5-one. To confirm the structure of all substances obtained, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were used. Moreover, the peculiarities of their ¹H and 13C-NMR spectra, as well as their mass spectrometric behavior under conditions of electron impact ionization, were discussed. The effect of pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxanilides on the urinary function of the kidneys was studied in white rats of both genders by the standard method of oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Testing was conducted in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide, as well as with structurally close pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij] quinoline-5-carboxanilides studied earlier with the same substituents in the anilide fragments. It was found that addition of one methylene unit to the heterocycle partially hydrogenated and annelated with the quinolone core has a positive impact on biological properties-most of the substances studied exhibit a statistically significant diuretic effect exceeding the activity of not only hydrochlorothiazide, in some cases, but also the action of the structural analogs. The important structural and biological regularities, which are common with pyrroloquinolines and introduced by a chemical modification, were revealed. The importance of the presence in the structure of terminal amide fragments of tricyclic quinoline-3-carboxamides of a 4-methoxy-substituted aromatic ring was particularly marked. The expediency of further study of pyridoquinolines as promising diuretic agents has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Ukrainets
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lyudmila V Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Mykola Y Golik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4 Valentynivska St., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Igor M Chernenok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lina A Grinevich
- Department of Medical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4 Valentynivska St., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Alexandra A Davidenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N. I. Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, 56 Pirogov St., 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine.
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Emmerich J, van Koppen CJ, Burkhart JL, Engeli RT, Hu Q, Odermatt A, Hartmann RW. Accelerated skin wound healing by selective 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:591-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Akram M, Waratchareeyakul W, Haupenthal J, Hartmann RW, Schuster D. Pharmacophore Modeling and in Silico/in Vitro Screening for Human Cytochrome P450 11B1 and Cytochrome P450 11B2 Inhibitors. Front Chem 2017; 5:104. [PMID: 29312923 PMCID: PMC5742115 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol synthase (CYP11B1) is the main enzyme for the endogenous synthesis of cortisol and its inhibition is a potential way for the treatment of diseases associated with increased cortisol levels, such as Cushing's syndrome, metabolic diseases, and delayed wound healing. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is the key enzyme for aldosterone biosynthesis and its inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of congestive heart failure, cardiac fibrosis, and certain forms of hypertension. Both CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 are structurally very similar and expressed in the adrenal cortex. To facilitate the identification of novel inhibitors of these enzymes, ligand-based pharmacophore models of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 inhibition were developed. A virtual screening of the SPECS database was performed with our pharmacophore queries. Biological evaluation of the selected hits lead to the discovery of three potent novel inhibitors of both CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 in the submicromolar range (compounds 8–10), one selective CYP11B1 inhibitor (Compound 11, IC50 = 2.5 μM), and one selective CYP11B2 inhibitor (compound 12, IC50 = 1.1 μM), respectively. The overall success rate of this prospective virtual screening experiment is 20.8% indicating good predictive power of the pharmacophore models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Watcharee Waratchareeyakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Joerg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Drifting of heme-coordinating group in imidazolylmethylxanthones leading to improved selective inhibition of CYP11B1. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Brengel C, Thomann A, Schifrin A, Allegretta G, Kamal AAM, Haupenthal J, Schnorr I, Cho SH, Franzblau SG, Empting M, Eberhard J, Hartmann RW. Biophysical Screening of a Focused Library for the Discovery of CYP121 Inhibitors as Novel Antimycobacterials. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1616-1626. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brengel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Andreas Thomann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Schifrin
- Department of Biochemistry; Saarland University; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Giuseppe Allegretta
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ahmed A. M. Kamal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Isabell Schnorr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; College of Pharmacy; University of Illinois at Chicago; 833 S. Wood Street Chicago IL 60612-7231 USA
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; College of Pharmacy; University of Illinois at Chicago; 833 S. Wood Street Chicago IL 60612-7231 USA
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jens Eberhard
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2.3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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20
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Oh H, Park J, Han SH, Mishra NK, Lee SH, Oh Y, Jeon M, Seong GJ, Chung KY, Kim IS. Rh(III)-catalyzed C−H alkylation of indolines with enones through conjugate addition and protonation pathway. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Emmerich J, van Koppen CJ, Burkhart JL, Hu Q, Siebenbürger L, Boerger C, Scheuer C, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Hartmann RW. Lead Optimization Generates CYP11B1 Inhibitors of Pyridylmethyl Isoxazole Type with Improved Pharmacological Profile for the Treatment of Cushing’s Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5086-5098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Emmerich
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Qingzhong Hu
- Department
of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Boerger
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Science Park 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute
for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute
for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute
for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department
of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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22
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Brengel C, Thomann A, Schifrin A, Eberhard J, Hartmann RW. Discovery and Biophysical Evaluation of First Low Nanomolar Hits Targeting CYP125 ofM. tuberculosis. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2385-2391. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brengel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Department of Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Andreas Thomann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Department of Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Schifrin
- Department of Biochemistry; Saarland University; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jens Eberhard
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Department of Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Department of Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2.3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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23
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Zhou T, Wang Y, Li B, Wang B. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of 3-(Indolin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with Alkynes and Alkenes through C–H Activation. Org Lett 2016; 18:5066-5069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baiquan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Ma L, Yin L, Hu Q. Therapeutic compounds for Cushing's syndrome: a patent review (2012-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1307-1323. [PMID: 27454103 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1217331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a set of disorders caused by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids induced by neuroendocrine tumors in pituitary, adrenals, and infrequently other sites (ectopic ACTH syndrome). Due to various comorbidities, CS patients exhibit higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and thus increased mortality. Pharmaceutical therapy is an important constituent of treatment regimen. Areas covered: Patents published since 2012 are reviewed, which claim therapeutic compounds interfering with ACTH secretion and down-stream signal transduction, inhibiting cortisol biosynthesis and antagonizing glucocorticoid receptors. Advances focus on a) new analogues with improved efficacy and PK properties or less off-target toxicity; b) existing drugs (candidates) being repurposed to treat CS; and c) novel strategies such as selective inhibition of CYP11B1. Expert opinion: New compounds against established targets need to be developed because current drugs lack selectivity leading to off-target toxicity. Selective inhibition of CYP11B1 is a novel alternative strategy and is potentially versatile in controlling all types of hypercortisolism. Selective multi-targeting enzymes in steroidogenesis network is promising due to potential synergistic effects. However, doses toward each targets are not feasible to adjust because the corresponding intrinsic potencies are rigid. Targeting PRKACA mutations is promising in treating CS caused by adrenal adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China PR
| | | | - Qingzhong Hu
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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25
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Udhane SS, Dick B, Hu Q, Hartmann RW, Pandey AV. Specificity of anti-prostate cancer CYP17A1 inhibitors on androgen biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:1005-1010. [PMID: 27395338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The orteronel, abiraterone and galeterone, which were developed to treat castration resistant prostate cancer, inhibit 17,20 lyase activity but little is known about their effects on adrenal androgen biosynthesis. We studied the effect of several inhibitors and found that orteronel was selective towards 17,20 lyase activity than abiraterone and galeterone. Gene expression analysis showed that galeterone altered the expression of HSD3B2 but orteronel did not change the expression of HSD3B2, CYP17A1 and AKR1C3. The CYP19A1 activity was not inhibited except by compound IV which lowered activity by 23%. Surprisingly abiraterone caused complete blockade of CYP21A2 activity. Analysis of steroid metabolome by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry revealed changes in steroid levels caused by different inhibitors. We can conclude that orteronel is a highly specific inhibitor of 17,20 lyase activity. The discovery of these specific drug actions on steroidogenic enzyme activities would be valuable for understanding the regulation of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Udhane
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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26
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Di Matteo M, Ammazzalorso A, Andreoli F, Caffa I, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Nencioni A, Parenti MD, Soncini D, Del Rio A, Amoroso R. Synthesis and biological characterization of 3-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)piperidine sulfonamides as aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3192-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Gobbi S, Hu Q, Zimmer C, Belluti F, Rampa A, Hartmann RW, Bisi A. Targeting Steroidogenic Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) with 6-Substituted 1-Imidazolylmethylxanthones. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1770-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gobbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Universitätscampus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christina Zimmer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Universitätscampus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Angela Rampa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Universitätscampus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
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28
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Gobbi S, Hu Q, Zimmer C, Engel M, Belluti F, Rampa A, Hartmann RW, Bisi A. Exploiting the Chromone Scaffold for the Development of Inhibitors of Corticosteroid Biosynthesis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2468-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gobbi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro,
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Zimmer
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro,
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Rampa
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro,
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro,
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bernhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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30
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Estimation of the Mechanism of Adrenal Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds Using a Computational Model of Adrenal Steroidogenesis in NCI-H295R Cells. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:4041827. [PMID: 27057163 PMCID: PMC4773560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4041827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal toxicity is one of the major concerns in drug development. To quantitatively understand the effect of endocrine-active compounds on adrenal steroidogenesis and to assess the human adrenal toxicity of novel pharmaceutical drugs, we developed a mathematical model of steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical carcinoma NCI-H295R cells. The model includes cellular proliferation, intracellular cholesterol translocation, diffusional transport of steroids, and metabolic pathways of adrenal steroidogenesis, which serially involve steroidogenic proteins and enzymes such as StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, HSD17B3, and CYP19A1. It was reconstructed in an experimental dynamics of cholesterol and 14 steroids from an in vitro steroidogenesis assay using NCI-H295R cells. Results of dynamic sensitivity analysis suggested that HSD3B2 plays the most important role in the metabolic balance of adrenal steroidogenesis. Based on differential metabolic profiling of 12 steroid hormones and 11 adrenal toxic compounds, we could estimate which steroidogenic enzymes were affected in this mathematical model. In terms of adrenal steroidogenic inhibitors, the predicted action sites were approximately matched to reported target enzymes. Thus, our computer-aided system based on systems biological approach may be useful to understand the mechanism of action of endocrine-active compounds and to assess the human adrenal toxicity of novel pharmaceutical drugs.
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Jin H, Huang L, Xie J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Goldkatalysierte C-H-Anellierung von Anthranilen mit Alkinen: flexible, atomökonomische Synthese ungeschützter 7-Acylindole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Jin H, Huang L, Xie J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed CH Annulation of Anthranils with Alkynes: A Facile, Flexible, and Atom-Economical Synthesis of Unprotected 7-Acylindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:794-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Papillon JPN, Lou C, Singh AK, Adams CM, Ksander GM, Beil ME, Chen W, Leung-Chu J, Fu F, Gan L, Hu CW, Jeng AY, LaSala D, Liang G, Rigel DF, Russell KS, Vest JA, Watson C. Discovery of N-[5-(6-Chloro-3-cyano-1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-ethanesulfonamide, a Cortisol-Sparing CYP11B2 Inhibitor that Lowers Aldosterone in Human Subjects. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9382-94. [PMID: 26540564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human clinical studies conducted with LCI699 established aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibition as a promising novel mechanism to lower arterial blood pressure. However, LCI699's low CYP11B1/CYP11B2 selectivity resulted in blunting of adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol secretion. This property of LCI699 prompted its development in Cushing's disease, but limited more extensive clinical studies in hypertensive populations, and provided an impetus for the search for cortisol-sparing CYP11B2 inhibitors. This paper summarizes the discovery, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic data in preclinical species and human subjects of the selective CYP11B2 inhibitor 8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael E Beil
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Jennifer Leung-Chu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Fumin Fu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | | | - Chii-Whei Hu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Arco Y Jeng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Daniel LaSala
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | | | - Dean F Rigel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
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34
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Giardinetti M, Moreau X, Coeffard V, Greck C. Aminocatalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,7-Annulated Indoles from Indole-7-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Wang X, Tang H, Feng H, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhou B. Access to Six- and Seven-Membered 1,7-Fused Indolines via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C7-Selective C–H Functionalization of Indolines with Alkynes and Alkenes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6238-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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36
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Papillon JPN, Adams CM, Hu QY, Lou C, Singh AK, Zhang C, Carvalho J, Rajan S, Amaral A, Beil ME, Fu F, Gangl E, Hu CW, Jeng AY, LaSala D, Liang G, Logman M, Maniara WM, Rigel DF, Smith SA, Ksander GM. Structure–Activity Relationships, Pharmacokinetics, and in Vivo Activity of CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4749-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien P. N. Papillon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changgang Lou
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alok K. Singh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chun Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose Carvalho
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Srinivan Rajan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam Amaral
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael E. Beil
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Fumin Fu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Eric Gangl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chii-Whei Hu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Arco Y. Jeng
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Daniel LaSala
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Guiqing Liang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Logman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wieslawa M. Maniara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dean F. Rigel
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Sherri A. Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gary M. Ksander
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Hu Q, Kunde J, Hanke N, Hartmann RW. Identification of 4-(4-nitro-2-phenethoxyphenyl)pyridine as a promising new lead for discovering inhibitors of both human and rat 11β-Hydroxylase. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:139-50. [PMID: 25874338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase is a promising strategy for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome, in particular for the recurrent and subclinical cases. To achieve proof of concept in rats, efforts were paid to identify novel lead compounds inhibiting both human and rat CYP11B1. Modifications on a potent promiscuous inhibitor of hCYP11B1, hCYP11B2 and hCYP19 (compound IV) that exhibited moderate rCYP11B1 inhibition led to compound 8 as a new promising lead compound. Significant improvements compared to starting point IV were achieved regarding inhibitory potency against both human and rat CYP11B1 (IC50 values of 2 and 163 nM, respectively) as well as selectivity over hCYP19 (IC50 = 1900 nM). Accordingly, compound 8 was around 7- and 28-fold more potent than metyrapone regarding the inhibition of human and rat CYP11B1 and exhibited a comparable selectivity over hCYP11B2 (SF of 3.5 vs 4.9). With further optimizations on this new lead compound 8, drug candidates with satisfying profiles are expected to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Kunde
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nina Hanke
- Elexopharm GmbH, Campus A1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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38
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Hu Q, Yin L, Ali A, Cooke AJ, Bennett J, Ratcliffe P, Lo MMC, Metzger E, Hoyt S, Hartmann RW. Novel pyridyl substituted 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolines as potent and selective aldosterone synthase inhibitors with improved in vitro metabolic stability. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2530-7. [PMID: 25711516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CYP11B2 inhibition is a promising treatment for diseases caused by excessive aldosterone. To improve the metabolic stability in human liver miscrosomes of previously reported CYP11B2 inhibitors, modifications were performed via a combination of ligand- and structure-based drug design approaches, leading to pyridyl 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolones. Compound 26 not only exhibited a much longer half-life (t1/2 ≫ 120 min), but also sustained inhibitory potency (IC50 = 4.2 nM) and selectivity over CYP11B1 (SF = 422), CYP17, CYP19, and a panel of hepatic CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) , Campus C2-3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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39
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Yu R, Wang J, Wang R, Lin Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Shu M, Lin Z. Combined pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, homology modeling and docking studies on CYP11B1 inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:1014-30. [PMID: 25584832 PMCID: PMC6272247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibitor steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) can decrease the production of cortisol. Therefore, these inhibitors have an effect in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. A pharmacophore model generated by Genetic Algorithm with Linear Assignment for Hypermolecular Alignment of Datasets (GALAHAD) was used to align the compounds and perform comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) with Q2 = 0.658, R2 = 0.959. The pharmacophore model contained six hydrophobic regions and one acceptor atom, and electropositive and bulky substituents would be tolerated at the A and B sites, respectively. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study based on the alignment with the atom root mean square (RMS) was applied using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) with Q2 = 0.666, R2 = 0.978, and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) with Q2 = 0.721, R2 = 0.972. These results proved that all the models have good predictability of the bioactivities of inhibitors. Furthermore, the QSAR models indicated that a hydrogen bond acceptor substituent would be disfavored at the A and B groups, while hydrophobic groups would be favored at the B site. The three-dimensional (3D) model of the CYP11B1 was generated based on the crystal structure of the CYP11B2 (PDB code 4DVQ). In order to probe the ligand-binding modes, Surflex-dock was employed to dock CYP11B1 inhibitory compounds into the active site of the receptor. The docking result showed that the imidazolidine ring of CYP11B1 inhibitors form H bonds with the amino group of residue Arg155 and Arg519, which suggested that an electronegative substituent at these positions could enhance the activities of compounds. All the models generated by GALAHAD QSAR and Docking methods provide guidance about how to design novel and potential drugs for Cushing’s syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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40
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Grombein CM, Hu Q, Heim R, Rau S, Zimmer C, Hartmann RW. 1-Phenylsulfinyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)naphthalen-2-ols: A new class of potent and selective aldosterone synthase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Discovery of new 7-substituted-4-imidazolylmethyl coumarins and 4′-substituted-2-imidazolyl acetophenones open analogues as potent and selective inhibitors of steroid-11β-hydroxylase. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Grombein CM, Hu Q, Rau S, Zimmer C, Hartmann RW. Heteroatom insertion into 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-ones leads to potent and selective inhibitors of human and rat aldosterone synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:788-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Zhu W, Hu Q, Hanke N, van Koppen CJ, Hartmann RW. Potent 11β-Hydroxylase Inhibitors with Inverse Metabolic Stability in Human Plasma and Hepatic S9 Fractions To Promote Wound Healing. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7811-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501004t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nina Hanke
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Im
Stadtwald, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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44
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Yin L, Hu Q, Emmerich J, Lo MMC, Metzger E, Ali A, Hartmann RW. Novel Pyridyl- or Isoquinolinyl-Substituted Indolines and Indoles as Potent and Selective Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5179-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yin
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Campus A1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Juliette Emmerich
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Man-Chu Lo
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward Metzger
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Amjad Ali
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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45
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Guerin GF, Schmoutz CD, Goeders NE. The extra-adrenal effects of metyrapone and oxazepam on ongoing cocaine self-administration. Brain Res 2014; 1575:45-54. [PMID: 24887642 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the role of stress in cocaine addiction has yielded an efficacious combination of metyrapone and oxazepam, hypothesized to decrease relapse to cocaine use by reducing stress-induced craving. However, recent data suggest an extra-adrenal role for metyrapone in mediating stress- and addiction-related behaviors. The interactions between the physiological stress response and cocaine self-administration were characterized in rodents utilizing surgical adrenalectomy and pharmacological treatment. Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.25mg/kg/infusion) and food pellets under a concurrent alternating fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Surgical removal of the adrenal glands resulted in a significant decrease in plasma corticosterone and a consequent increase in ACTH, as expected. However, adrenalectomy did not significantly affect ongoing cocaine self-administration. Pretreatment with metyrapone, oxazepam and their combinations in intact rats resulted in a significant decrease in cocaine-reinforced responses. These same pharmacological treatments were still effective in reducing cocaine- and food-reinforced responding in adrenalectomized rats. The results of these experiments demonstrate that adrenally-derived steroids are not necessary to maintain cocaine-reinforced responding in cocaine-experienced rats. These results also demonstrate that metyrapone may produce effects outside of the adrenal gland, presumably in the central nervous system, to affect cocaine-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F Guerin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Christopher D Schmoutz
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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46
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Hu Q, Yin L, Hartmann RW. Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors as Promising Treatments for Mineralocorticoid Dependent Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5011-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lina Yin
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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47
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Mondal S, Panda G. Synthetic methodologies of achiral diarylmethanols, diaryl and triarylmethanes (TRAMs) and medicinal properties of diaryl and triarylmethanes-an overview. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the synthesis of achiral diarylmethanols, diaryl and triarylmethanes and the bioactivities of diaryl and triarylmethanes during 1995 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalan Mondal
- Central Drug Research Institute
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- Lucknow, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Central Drug Research Institute
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- Lucknow, India
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48
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Abstract
As the first in class steroid 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17) inhibitor, abiraterone acetate (of which the active metabolite is abiraterone) has been shown to improve overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)--in those who are chemotherapy-naive and those previously treated with docetaxel. Furthermore, the clinical success of abiraterone demonstrated that CRPC, which has previously been regarded as an androgen-independent disease, is still driven, at least in part, by androgens. More importantly, abiraterone is a 'promiscuous' drug that interacts with a number of targets, which dictate its clinical benefits and adverse effects profile. Besides CYP17 inhibition, abiraterone acts as an antagonist to the androgen receptor and inhibits 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase--two effects that potentially contribute to its antitumour effects. However, the inhibition of the 17α-hydroxylase activity of CYP17, CYP11B1 and a panel of hepatic CYP enzymes leads to adverse effects and toxicities that include secondary mineralocorticoid excess. Abiraterone is also associated with increased incidence of cardiac disorders. Under such circumstances, development of new CYP17 inhibitors as an additional line of defence is urgently needed. To achieve enhanced clinical benefits, new strategies are being explored that include selective inhibition of the C17,20-lyase activity of CYP17 and multi-targeting strategies that affect androgen synthesis and signalling at different points. Some of these strategies-including the drugs orteronel, VT-464 and galeterone--are supported by preclinical data and are being explored in the clinic.
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Unexpected results of a SNAr-reaction. A novel synthetic approach to 1-arylthio-2-naphthols. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Drug discovery for breast cancer and co-instantaneous cardiovascular disease: what is the future? Future Med Chem 2013; 5:359-62. [PMID: 23495679 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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