1
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Mohd S, Oder A, Specker E, Neuenschwander M, Von Kries JP, Daumke O. Identification of drug-like molecules targeting the ATPase activity of dynamin-like EHD4. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302704. [PMID: 39074100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eps15 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15) homology domain-containing proteins (EHDs) comprise a family of eukaryotic dynamin-related ATPases that participate in various endocytic membrane trafficking pathways. Dysregulation of EHDs function has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. The lack of small molecule inhibitors which acutely target individual EHD members has hampered progress in dissecting their detailed cellular membrane trafficking pathways and their function during disease. Here, we established a Malachite green-based assay compatible with high throughput screening to monitor the liposome-stimulated ATPase of EHD4. In this way, we identified a drug-like molecule that inhibited EHD4's liposome-stimulated ATPase activity. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated sites of preferred substitutions for more potent inhibitor synthesis. Moreover, the assay optimization in this work can be applied to other dynamin family members showing a weak and liposome-dependent nucleotide hydrolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Mohd
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Von Kries
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Szewczyk-Roszczenko OK, Roszczenko P, Shmakova A, Finiuk N, Holota S, Lesyk R, Bielawska A, Vassetzky Y, Bielawski K. The Chemical Inhibitors of Endocytosis: From Mechanisms to Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:2312. [PMID: 37759535 PMCID: PMC10527932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is one of the major ways cells communicate with their environment. This process is frequently hijacked by pathogens. Endocytosis also participates in the oncogenic transformation. Here, we review the approaches to inhibit endocytosis, discuss chemical inhibitors of this process, and discuss potential clinical applications of the endocytosis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Shmakova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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3
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Odell LR, Jones NC, Chau N, Robertson MJ, Ambrus JI, Deane FM, Young KA, Whiting A, Xue J, Prichard K, Daniel JA, Gorgani NN, O'Brien TJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. The sulfonadyns: a class of aryl sulfonamides inhibiting dynamin I GTPase and clathrin mediated endocytosis are anti-seizure in animal models. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1492-1511. [PMID: 37593570 PMCID: PMC10429932 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that dansylcadaverine (1) a known in-cell inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME), moderately inhibits dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity (IC50 45 μM) and transferrin (Tfn) endocytosis in U2OS cells (IC50 205 μM). Synthesis gave a new class of GTP-competitive dynamin inhibitors, the Sulfonadyns™. The introduction of a terminal cinnamyl moiety greatly enhanced dynI inhibition. Rigid diamine or amide links between the dansyl and cinnamyl moieties were detrimental to dynI inhibition. Compounds with in vitro inhibition of dynI activity <10 μM were tested in-cell for inhibition of CME. These data unveiled a number of compounds, e.g. analogues 33 ((E)-N-(6-{[(3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}hexyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide)) and 47 ((E)-N-(3-{[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}propyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide)isomers that showed dyn IC50 <4 μM, IC50(CME) <30 μM and IC50(SVE) from 12-265 μM. Both analogues (33 and 47) are at least 10 times more potent that the initial lead, dansylcadaverine (1). Enzyme kinetics revealed these sulfonamide analogues as being GTP competitive inhibitors of dynI. Sulfonadyn-47, the most potent SVE inhibitor observed (IC50(SVE) = 12.3 μM), significantly increased seizure threshold in a 6 Hz mouse psychomotor seizure test at 30 (p = 0.003) and 100 mg kg-1 ip (p < 0.0001), with similar anti-seizure efficacy to the established anti-seizure medication, sodium valproate (400 mg kg-1). The Sulfonadyn™ class of drugs target dynamin and show promise as novel leads for future anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Odell
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Mark J Robertson
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Joseph I Ambrus
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Fiona M Deane
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Jing Xue
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Kate Prichard
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - James A Daniel
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Nick N Gorgani
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
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4
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Cossar PJ, Cardoso D, Mathwin D, Russell CC, Chiew B, Hamilton MP, Baker JR, Young KA, Chau N, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Wiskostatin and other carbazole scaffolds as off target inhibitors of dynamin I GTPase activity and endocytosis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115001. [PMID: 36577213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wiskostatin (1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol) (1) is a carbazole-based compound reported as a specific and relatively potent inhibitor of the N-WASP actin remodelling complex (S-isomer EC50 = 4.35 μM; R-isomer EC50 = 3.44 μM). An NMR solution structure showed that wiskostatin interacts with a cleft in the regulatory GTPase binding domain of N-WASP. However, numerous studies have reported wiskostatin's actions on membrane transport and cytokinesis that are independent of the N-WASP-Arp2/3 complex pathway, but offer limited alternative explanation. The large GTPase, dynamin has established functional roles in these pathways. This study reveals that wiskostatin and its analogues, as well as other carbazole-based compounds, are inhibitors of helical dynamin GTPase activity and endocytosis. We characterise the effects of wiskostatin on in vitro dynamin GTPase activity, in-cell endocytosis, and determine the importance of wiskostatin functional groups on these activities through design and synthesis of libraries of wiskostatin analogues. We also examine whether other carbazole-based scaffolds frequently used in research or the clinic also modulate dynamin and endocytosis. Understanding off-targets for compounds used as research tools is important to be able to confidently interpret their action on biological systems, particularly when the target and off-targets affect overlapping mechanisms (e.g. cytokinesis and endocytosis). Herein we demonstrate that wiskostatin is a dynamin inhibitor (IC50 20.7 ± 1.2 μM) and a potent inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (IC50 = 6.9 ± 0.3 μM). Synthesis of wiskostatin analogues gave rise to 1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-((4-methylbenzyl)amino)propan-2-ol (35) and 1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)propan-2-ol (43) as potent dynamin inhibitors (IC50 = 1.0 ± 0.2 μM), and (S)-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol (8a) and (R)-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol (8b) that are amongst the most potent inhibitors of clathrin mediated endocytosis yet reported (IC50 = 2.3 ± 3.3 and 2.1 ± 1.7 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cossar
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - David Cardoso
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Daniel Mathwin
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Beatrice Chiew
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Michael P Hamilton
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia.
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5
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Odell LR, Robertson MJ, Young KA, McGeachie AB, Quan A, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Prodrugs of the Archetypal Dynamin Inhibitor Bis-T-22. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200400. [PMID: 36351775 PMCID: PMC10947042 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Bis-T series of compounds comprise some of the most potent inhibitors of dynamin GTPase activity yet reported, e. g., (2E,2'E)-N,N'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylamide) (2), Bis-T-22. The catechol moieties are believed to limit cell permeability, rendering these compounds largely inactive in cells. To solve this problem, a prodrug strategy was envisaged and eight ester analogues were synthesised. The shortest and bulkiest esters (acetate and butyl/tert-butyl) were found to be insoluble under physiological conditions, whilst the remaining five were soluble and stable under these conditions. These five were analysed for plasma stability and half-lives ranged from ∼2.3 min (propionic ester 4), increasing with size and bulk, to greater than 24 hr (dimethyl carbamate 10). Similar profiles where observed with the rate of formation of Bis-T-22 with half-lives ranging from ∼25 mins (propionic ester 4). Propionic ester 4 was chosen to undergo further testing and was found to inhibit endocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 ∼8 μM, suggesting this compound is able to effectively cross the cell membrane where it is rapidly hydrolysed to the desired Bis-T-22 parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Odell
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
- Present address: Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Mark J Robertson
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
- Present address: Chemistry, College of Science & EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD 4814Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
| | - Andrew B. McGeachie
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
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6
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Xiong B, Si L, Liu Y, Xu W, Jiang T, Cao F, Tang KW, Wong WY. Metal-free, Phosphoric Acid-catalyzed Regioselective 1,6-Hydroarylation of para-Quinone Methides with Indoles in Water. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200042. [PMID: 35246930 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, cheap and green protocol for the highly regioselective 1,6-hydroarylation of para -quinone methides ( p -QMs) with indoles at the C-3 position has been established by phosphoric acid catalysis in water under the transition-metal-free reaction conditions. A wide range of indole derivatives and para -quinone methides ( p -QMs) are compatible for the reaction, affording the corresponding 1,6-hydroarylation products with good to excellent yields. The possible mechanism of the reaction has been explored by step-by-step control experiments. The protocol is convenient for practical application, leading a safe, green and feasible way for the formation of C-3 diarylmethyl functionalized indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biquan Xiong
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Lulu Si
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Fan Cao
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HONG KONG
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7
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Prichard KL, O'Brien NS, Murcia SR, Baker JR, McCluskey A. Role of Clathrin and Dynamin in Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis/Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and Implications in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:754110. [PMID: 35115907 PMCID: PMC8805674 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.754110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a process essential to the health and well-being of cell. It is required for the internalisation and sorting of “cargo”—the macromolecules, proteins, receptors and lipids of cell signalling. Clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the key processes required for cellular well-being and signalling pathway activation. CME is key role to the recycling of synaptic vesicles [synaptic vesicle recycling (SVR)] in the brain, it is pivotal to signalling across synapses enabling intracellular communication in the sensory and nervous systems. In this review we provide an overview of the general process of CME with a particular focus on two key proteins: clathrin and dynamin that have a central role to play in ensuing successful completion of CME. We examine these two proteins as they are the two endocytotic proteins for which small molecule inhibitors, often of known mechanism of action, have been identified. Inhibition of CME offers the potential to develop therapeutic interventions into conditions involving defects in CME. This review will discuss the roles and the current scope of inhibitors of clathrin and dynamin, providing an insight into how further developments could affect neurological disease treatments.
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8
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Odell LR, Chau N, Russell CC, Young KA, Gilbert J, Robinson PJ, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. Pyrimidyn-Based Dynamin Inhibitors as Novel Cytotoxic Agents. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100560. [PMID: 34590434 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Five focused libraries of pyrimidine-based dynamin GTPase inhibitors, in total 69 compounds were synthesised, and their dynamin inhibition and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity examined. Dynamin plays a crucial role in mitosis, and as such inhibition of dynamin was expected to broadly correlate with the observed cytotoxicity. The pyrimidines synthesised ranged from mono-substituted to trisubstituted. The highest levels of dynamin inhibition were noted with di- and tri- substituted pyrimidines, especially those with pendent amino alkyl chains. Short chains and simple heterocyclic rings reduced dynamin activity. There were three levels of dynamin activity noted: 1-10, 10-25 and 25-60 μM. Screening of these compounds in a panel of cancer cell lines: SW480 (colon), HT29 (colon), SMA (spontaneous murine astrocytoma), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (glioblastoma), SJ-G2 (neuroblastoma), MIA (pancreas), A2780 (ovarian), A431 (skin), H460 (lung), U87 (glioblastoma) and DU145 (prostate) cell lines reveal a good correlation between the observed dynamin inhibition and the observed cytotoxicity. The most active analogues (31 a,b) developed returned average GI50 values of 1.0 and 0.78 μM across the twelve cell lines examined. These active analogues were: N2 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N4 -dodecyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine (31 a) and N4 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N2 -dodecyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine (31 b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Odell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145 Hawkesbury Road, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145 Hawkesbury Road, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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9
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Ou Y, Yang T, Tang N, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Photo-Induced N-N Coupling of o-Nitrobenzyl Alcohols and Indolines To Give N-Aryl-1-amino Indoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:6417-6422. [PMID: 34355914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to synthesize N-aryl-1-amino indoles was established by the photoinduced N-N coupling reaction. This protocol is by treatment of o-nitrobenzyl alcohols and indolines in the presence of TEAI and acetic acid with a 24 W ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) (385-405 nm) irradiation. The products bearing an aldehyde group can be further transformed to fluorescent probes based on Rhodamine 6G derivative 11, which shows a high specificity and sensitivity for Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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10
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Measuring Endocytosis During Proliferative Cell Quiescence. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2233:19-42. [PMID: 33222125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1044-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence (also called "G0") is the state in which cells have exited the cell cycle but are capable to reenter as required. Though poorly understood, it represents one of the most prevalent cell states across all life. Many biologically important cell types reside in quiescence including mature hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and dormant adult stem cells. Furthermore, the quiescence program occurs in both short- and long-term varieties, depending on the physiological environments. A barrier slowing our understanding of quiescence has been a scarcity of available in vitro model systems to allow for the exploration of key regulatory pathways, such as endocytosis. Endocytosis, the internalization of extracellular material into the cell, is a fundamental and highly regulated process that impacts many cell biological functions. Accordingly, we have developed an in vitro model of deep quiescence in hTERT-immortalized RPE1 cells, combining both long-term contact inhibition and mitogen removal, to measure endocytosis. In addition, we present an analytical approach employing automated high-throughput microscopy and image analysis that yields high-content data allowing for meaningful and statistically robust interpretation. Importantly, the methods presented herein provide a suitable platform that can be easily adapted to investigate other regulatory processes across the cell cycle.
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11
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Tiwari S, Kirar S, Banerjee UC, Neerupudi KB, Singh S, Wani AA, Bharatam PV, Singh IP. Synthesis of N-substituted indole derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Novel N-Substituted Indole Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4358453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole motifs are one of the most significant scaffolds in the discovery of new drugs. We have described a synthesis of new N-substituted indole derivatives (1-3), and their in vitro antimicrobial activities were investigated. The synthesis of titled compounds has been demonstrated by utilizing commercially available starting materials. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed using new strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. Notably, the compound 4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-1-yl) ethoxy) pentyl)-N,N-dimethyl aniline (1) was found to be most potent than the other analogues (2 and 3), which has shown higher inhibition than the standard drug chloramphenicol.
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13
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Suresh N, Prasanna GL, Ratnakar A, Rao MVB, Pal M. An ultrasound-based approach for the synthesis of indoles under Pd/C catalysis. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Al Otaibi A, Deane FM, Russell CC, Hizartzidis L, McCluskey SN, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. A methanol and protic ionic liquid Ugi multicomponent reaction path to cytotoxic α-phenylacetamido amides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7652-7663. [PMID: 35521167 PMCID: PMC9061180 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ugi four component reaction of an aldehyde, amine, isocyanide and an ethanoic acid was effected smoothly in protic ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) to afford analogues of α-phenylacetamido amides in good to excellent isolated yields. The corresponding reactions in [BMIM][PF6] and the protic ionic liquid ethanolammonium nitrate (ETAN) failed. Microwave irradiation in EAN facilitated rapid access to three focused libraries, based on the parent isocyanide: cyclohexyl isocyanide, benzyl isocyanide and ethyl isocyanoacetate. Analysis of the structure activity relationship data suggested the presence of a bulky moiety originating from the isocyanide (cyclohexyl and benzyl) enhanced cytotoxicity. Removal of the acetylenic H-atom from the ethanoic acid moiety was detrimental to cytotoxicity. The most active analogues produced, N-(2-cyclohexylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propiolamide, returned average GI50 values of ≤1 μM across the cancer cell lines evaluated. Combined, these data suggest that analogues of this nature are interesting potential anti-cancer development leads. The Ugi reaction (aldehyde, amine, isocyanide and an ethanoic acid) in the protic ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) gave excellent yields of α-phenylacetamido amides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Fiona M. Deane
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Lacey Hizartzidis
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Siobhann N. McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | | | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
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15
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Eschenburg S, Reubold TF. Modulation of dynamin function by small molecules. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1421-1432. [PMID: 30067507 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamins are essential as membrane remodelers in various cellular processes, like receptor-mediated endocytosis, synaptic vesicle recycling and spermatogenesis. Moreover, dynamin is involved in the internalization of numerous viruses and in the motility of several cancer cell lines. As tools for dissecting the underlying mechanisms of these important biological processes and as potential future therapeutics, small molecules have been developed in the last two decades that modulate the functions of dynamin. In this review we give an overview of the compound classes that are currently in use and describe how they affect dynamin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Eschenburg
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Reubold
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Calafate S, Flavin W, Verstreken P, Moechars D. Loss of Bin1 Promotes the Propagation of Tau Pathology. Cell Rep 2017; 17:931-940. [PMID: 27760323 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology propagates within synaptically connected neuronal circuits, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. BIN1-amphiphysin2 is the second most prevalent genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In diseased brains, the BIN1-amphiphysin2 neuronal isoform is downregulated. Here, we show that lowering BIN1-amphiphysin2 levels in neurons promotes Tau pathology propagation whereas overexpression of neuronal BIN1-amphiphysin2 inhibits the process in two in vitro models. Increased Tau propagation is caused by increased endocytosis, given our finding that BIN1-amphiphysin2 negatively regulates endocytic flux. Furthermore, blocking endocytosis by inhibiting dynamin also reduces Tau pathology propagation. Using a galectin-3-binding assay, we show that internalized Tau aggregates damage the endosomal membrane, allowing internalized aggregates to leak into the cytoplasm to propagate pathology. Our work indicates that lower BIN1 levels promote the propagation of Tau pathology by efficiently increasing aggregate internalization by endocytosis and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calafate
- Discovery Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department for Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - William Flavin
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 90270, USA
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department for Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Diederik Moechars
- Discovery Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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17
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Li YC, Kavalali ET. Synaptic Vesicle-Recycling Machinery Components as Potential Therapeutic Targets. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:141-160. [PMID: 28265000 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic nerve terminals are highly specialized vesicle-trafficking machines. Neurotransmitter release from these terminals is sustained by constant local recycling of synaptic vesicles independent from the neuronal cell body. This independence places significant constraints on maintenance of synaptic protein complexes and scaffolds. Key events during the synaptic vesicle cycle-such as exocytosis and endocytosis-require formation and disassembly of protein complexes. This extremely dynamic environment poses unique challenges for proteostasis at synaptic terminals. Therefore, it is not surprising that subtle alterations in synaptic vesicle cycle-associated proteins directly or indirectly contribute to pathophysiology seen in several neurologic and psychiatric diseases. In contrast to the increasing number of examples in which presynaptic dysfunction causes neurologic symptoms or cognitive deficits associated with multiple brain disorders, synaptic vesicle-recycling machinery remains an underexplored drug target. In addition, irrespective of the involvement of presynaptic function in the disease process, presynaptic machinery may also prove to be a viable therapeutic target because subtle alterations in the neurotransmitter release may counter disease mechanisms, correct, or compensate for synaptic communication deficits without the need to interfere with postsynaptic receptor signaling. In this article, we will overview critical properties of presynaptic release machinery to help elucidate novel presynaptic avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies against neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying C Li
- Departments of Neuroscience (Y.C.L., E.T.K.) and Physiology (E.T.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Departments of Neuroscience (Y.C.L., E.T.K.) and Physiology (E.T.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Singh M, Jadhav HR, Bhatt T. Dynamin Functions and Ligands: Classical Mechanisms Behind. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:123-134. [PMID: 27879341 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is a GTPase that plays a vital role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis and other vesicular trafficking processes by acting as a pair of molecular scissors for newly formed vesicles originating from the plasma membrane. Dynamins and related proteins are important components for the cleavage of clathrin-coated vesicles, phagosomes, and mitochondria. These proteins help in organelle division, viral resistance, and mitochondrial fusion/fission. Dysfunction and mutations in dynamin have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, heart failure, schizophrenia, epilepsy, cancer, dominant optic atrophy, osteoporosis, and Down's syndrome. This review is an attempt to illustrate the dynamin-related mechanisms involved in the above-mentioned disorders and to help medicinal chemists to design novel dynamin ligands, which could be useful in the treatment of dynamin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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19
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Abdel-Hamid MK, Macgregor KA, Odell LR, Chau N, Mariana A, Whiting A, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. 1,8-Naphthalimide derivatives: new leads against dynamin I GTPase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8016-28. [PMID: 26118967 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based in silico screening against dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity identified the 1,8-naphthalimide framework as a potential scaffold for the design of new inhibitors targeting the GTP binding pocket of dynI. Structure-based design, synthesis and subsequent optimization resulted in the development of a library of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives, called the Naphthaladyn™ series, with compounds 23 and 29 being the most active (IC50 of 19.1 ± 0.3 and 18.5 ± 1.7 μM respectively). Compound 29 showed effective inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (IC50(CME) 66 μM). The results introduce 29 as an optimised GTP-competitive lead Naphthaladyn™ compound for the further development of naphthalimide-based dynI GTPase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Abdel-Hamid
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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20
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Cossar PJ, Hizartzidis L, Simone MI, McCluskey A, Gordon CP. The expanding utility of continuous flow hydrogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing body of evidence that flow hydrogenation enhances reduction outcomes across a wide range of synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Cossar
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Lacey Hizartzidis
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Penrith
- Australia
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21
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MacGregor KA, Abdel-Hamid MK, Odell LR, Chau N, Whiting A, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Development of quinone analogues as dynamin GTPase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:191-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase with roles in membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, in actin dynamics and in cytokinesis. Defects in dynamin have been linked to human diseases. The synthesis of a dynamin modulator toolkit comprising two different inhibitor classes is described. The first series comprises Dynole 34-2, Dynole 2-24 and the inactive control Dynole 31-2. The Dynole compounds act on the dynamin G domain, are not GTP competitive and can be synthesized in 2-3 d. Knoevenagel condensation of 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1) with cyanoamides (2 and 3) affords Dynole 31-2 and Dynole 34-2, respectively. Reductive amination of 1 with decylamine gives Dynole 2-24. The second series acts at an allosteric site in the G domain of dynamin and comprises Dyngo 4a and Dyngo Ø (inactive control). Both are synthesized in an overnight reaction via condensation of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazide with 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde to afford Dyngo 4a, or with benzaldehyde to afford Dyngo Ø.
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23
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Ivanov AI. Pharmacological inhibitors of exocytosis and endocytosis: novel bullets for old targets. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1174:3-18. [PMID: 24947371 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0944-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of vesicle trafficking possess great promise as valuable analytical tools for the study of a variety of biological processes and as potential therapeutic agents to fight microbial infections and cancer. However, many commonly used trafficking inhibitors are characterized by poor selectivity that diminishes their use in solving basic problems of cell biology or drug development. Recent high-throughput chemical screens intensified the search for novel modulators of vesicle trafficking, and successfully identified a number of small molecules that inhibit exocytosis and endocytosis in different types of mammalian cells. This chapter provides a systematic overview of recently discovered inhibitors of vesicle trafficking. It describes cellular effects and mechanisms of action of novel inhibitors of exocytosis and endocytosis. Furthermore, it pays special attention to the selectivity and possible off-target effects of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Goodwin Laboratory, 401 College Street, 980035, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA,
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24
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Al Otaibi A, Gordon CP, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. The influence of ionic liquids on the Knoevenagel condensation of 1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde with phenyl acetonitriles – cytotoxic 3-substituted-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitriles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Gordon CP, Hizartzidis L, Tarleton M, Sakoff JA, Gilbert J, Campbell BE, Gasser RB, McCluskey A. Discovery of acrylonitrile-based small molecules active against Haemonchus contortus. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Hizartzidis L, Tarleton M, Gordon CP, McCluskey A. Chemoselective flow hydrogenation approaches to isoindole-7-carboxylic acids and 7-oxa-bicyclio[2.2.1]heptanes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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27
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McCluskey A, Daniel JA, Hadzic G, Chau N, Clayton EL, Mariana A, Whiting A, Gorgani NN, Lloyd J, Quan A, Moshkanbaryans L, Krishnan S, Perera S, Chircop M, von Kleist L, McGeachie AB, Howes MT, Parton RG, Campbell M, Sakoff JA, Wang X, Sun JY, Robertson MJ, Deane FM, Nguyen TH, Meunier FA, Cousin MA, Robinson PJ. Building a better dynasore: the dyngo compounds potently inhibit dynamin and endocytosis. Traffic 2013; 14:1272-89. [PMID: 24025110 PMCID: PMC4138991 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin GTPase activity increases when it oligomerizes either into helices in the presence of lipid templates or into rings in the presence of SH3 domain proteins. Dynasore is a dynamin inhibitor of moderate potency (IC₅₀ ~ 15 μM in vitro). We show that dynasore binds stoichiometrically to detergents used for in vitro drug screening, drastically reducing its potency (IC₅₀ = 479 μM) and research tool utility. We synthesized a focused set of dihydroxyl and trihydroxyl dynasore analogs called the Dyngo™ compounds, five of which had improved potency, reduced detergent binding and reduced cytotoxicity, conferred by changes in the position and/or number of hydroxyl substituents. The Dyngo compound 4a was the most potent compound, exhibiting a 37-fold improvement in potency over dynasore for liposome-stimulated helical dynamin activity. In contrast, while dynasore about equally inhibited dynamin assembled in its helical or ring states, 4a and 6a exhibited >36-fold reduced activity against rings, suggesting that they can discriminate between helical or ring oligomerization states. 4a and 6a inhibited dynamin-dependent endocytosis of transferrin in multiple cell types (IC₅₀ of 5.7 and 5.8 μM, respectively), at least sixfold more potently than dynasore, but had no effect on dynamin-independent endocytosis of cholera toxin. 4a also reduced synaptic vesicle endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis in cultured neurons and synaptosomes. Overall, 4a and 6a are improved and versatile helical dynamin and endocytosis inhibitors in terms of potency, non-specific binding and cytotoxicity. The data further suggest that the ring oligomerization state of dynamin is not required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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28
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Park RJ, Shen H, Liu L, Liu X, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Dynamin triple knockout cells reveal off target effects of commonly used dynamin inhibitors. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5305-12. [PMID: 24046449 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.138578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin, which is encoded by three genes in mammals, is a GTPase implicated in endocytic membrane fission. Dynamin 1 and 3 are predominantly expressed in brain, whereas dynamin 2 is ubiquitously expressed. With the goal of assessing the impact of the lack of dynamin on cell physiology, we previously generated and characterized dynamin 1 and 2 double knockout (DKO) fibroblasts. These DKO cells were unexpectedly viable in spite of a severe impairment of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. As low-level expression of the dynamin 3 gene in these cells could not be excluded, we have now engineered dynamin 1, 2 and 3 triple KO (TKO) fibroblasts. These cells did not reveal any additional defects beyond what was previously observed in DKO fibroblasts. Surprisingly, although fluid-phase endocytosis and peripheral membrane ruffling were not impaired by the lack of all three dynamins, two structurally similar, widely used dynamin inhibitors, dynasore and Dyngo-4a, robustly inhibited these two processes both in wild-type and TKO cells. Dynamin TKO cells will be useful tools for the further exploration of dynamin-dependent processes and the development of more specific dynamin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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29
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McGeachie AB, Odell LR, Quan A, Daniel JA, Chau N, Hill TA, Gorgani NN, Keating DJ, Cousin MA, van Dam EM, Mariana A, Whiting A, Perera S, Novelle A, Young KA, Deane FM, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Chircop M, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ. Pyrimidyn compounds: dual-action small molecule pyrimidine-based dynamin inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1507-18. [PMID: 23642287 DOI: 10.1021/cb400137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Its GTPase activity is stimulated by phospholipid binding to its PH domain, which induces helical oligomerization. We have designed a series of novel pyrimidine-based "Pyrimidyn" compounds that inhibit the lipid-stimulated GTPase activity of full length dynamin I and II with similar potency. The most potent analogue, Pyrimidyn 7, has an IC50 of 1.1 μM for dynamin I and 1.8 μM for dynamin II, making it among the most potent dynamin inhibitors identified to date. We investigated the mechanism of action of the Pyrimidyn compounds in detail by examining the kinetics of Pyrimidyn 7 inhibition of dynamin. The compound competitively inhibits both GTP and phospholipid interactions with dynamin I. While both mechanisms of action have been previously observed separately, this is the first inhibitor series to incorporate both and thereby to target two distinct domains of dynamin. Pyrimidyn 6 and 7 reversibly inhibit CME of both transferrin and EGF in a number of non-neuronal cell lines as well as inhibiting synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) in nerve terminals. Therefore, Pyrimidyn compounds block endocytosis by directly competing with GTP and lipid binding to dynamin, limiting both the recruitment of dynamin to membranes and its activation. This dual mode of action provides an important new tool for molecular dissection of dynamin's role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. McGeachie
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - James A. Daniel
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nick N. Gorgani
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Ellen M. van Dam
- The Garvan Institute, 384 Victoria Street,
Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Swetha Perera
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Aimee Novelle
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Deane
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Jennette A. Sakoff
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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30
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Zhang C, Zhuang DM, Li J, Chen SY, Du XL, Wang JY, Li JY, Jiang B, Yao JH. Diverse reactivity in microwave-promoted catalyst-free coupling of substituted anilines with ethyl trifluoropyruvate and biological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5621-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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