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Yu Z, Kong D, Liang Y, Zhao X, Du G. Protective effects of VMY-2-95 on corticosterone-induced injuries in mice and cellular models. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1903-1913. [PMID: 34386327 PMCID: PMC8343195 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic α4β2 receptor antagonists have drawn increasing attention in the development of new antidepressants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of VMY-2-95, the new selective antagonist of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on corticosterone (CORT) injured mice and cellular models. Fluoxetine was applied as a positive control, and the effects of VMY-2-95 were investigated with three different doses or concentrations (1, 3, 10 mg/kg in mice, and 0.003, 0.03, 0.1 μmol/L in cells). As a result, VMY-2-95 showed significant antidepressant-like effects in the CORT injured mice by improving neuromorphic function, promoting hippocampal nerve proliferation, and regulating the contents of monoamine transmitters. Meanwhile, VMY-2-95 exhibited protective effects on cell viability, cell oxidant, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism on corticosterone-impaired SH-SY5Y cells. Also, the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway was up-regulated by VMY-2-95 both in vitro and in vivo, and pathway blockers were also combined with VMY-2-95 to verify the effects furtherly. Therefore, we preliminarily proved that VMY-2-95 had protective effects in depressed mice and SH-SY5Y cells against injuries induced by corticosterone. This work indicated that the application of VMY-2-95 is a potential pharmacological solution for depression. This study also supported the development of α4β2 nAChR antagonists towards neuropsychiatric dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dewen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Shen S, Svoboda M, Zhang G, Cavasin MA, Motlova L, McKinsey TA, Eubanks JH, Bařinka C, Kozikowski AP. Structural and in Vivo Characterization of Tubastatin A, a Widely Used Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:706-712. [PMID: 32435374 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubastatin A, a tetrahydro-γ-carboline-capped selective HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i), was rationally designed 10 years ago, and has become the best investigated HDAC6i to date. It shows efficacy in various neurological disease animal models, as HDAC6 plays a crucial regulatory role in axonal transport deficits, protein aggregation, as well as oxidative stress. In this work, we provide new insights into this HDAC6i by investigating the molecular basis of its interactions with HDAC6 through X-ray crystallography, determining its functional capability to elevate the levels of acetylated α-tubulin in vitro and in vivo, correlating PK/PD profiles to determine effective doses in plasma and brain, and finally assessing its therapeutic potential toward psychiatric diseases through use of the SmartCube screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Michal Svoboda
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Maria A. Cavasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Lucia Motlova
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - James H. Eubanks
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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3
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Davis S, Rego Campello H, Gallagher T, Hunter WN. The thermodynamic profile and molecular interactions of a C(9)-cytisine derivative-binding acetylcholine-binding protein from Aplysia californica. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:74-80. [PMID: 32039888 PMCID: PMC7010356 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytisine, a natural product with high affinity for clinically relevant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), is used as a smoking-cessation agent. The compound displays an excellent clinical profile and hence there is an interest in derivatives that may be further improved or find use in the treatment of other conditions. Here, the binding of a cytisine derivative modified by the addition of a 3-(hydroxypropyl) moiety (ligand 4) to Aplysia californica acetylcholine-binding protein (AcAChBP), a surrogate for nAChR orthosteric binding sites, was investigated. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that the favorable binding of cytisine and its derivative to AcAChBP is driven by the enthalpic contribution, which dominates an unfavorable entropic component. Although ligand 4 had a less unfavorable entropic contribution compared with cytisine, the affinity for AcAChBP was significantly diminished owing to the magnitude of the reduction in the enthalpic component. The high-resolution crystal structure of the AcAChBP-4 complex indicated close similarities in the protein-ligand interactions involving the parts of 4 common to cytisine. The point of difference, the 3-(hydroxypropyl) substituent, appears to influence the conformation of the Met133 side chain and helps to form an ordered solvent structure at the edge of the orthosteric binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Davis
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | | | - Timothy Gallagher
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, England
| | - William N. Hunter
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
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4
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Designing selective modulators for the nicotinic receptor subtypes: challenges and opportunities. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:433-459. [PMID: 29451400 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic receptors are membrane proteins involved in several physiological processes. They are considered suitable drug targets for various CNS disorders or conditions, as shown by the large number of compounds which have entered clinical trials. In recent years, nonconventional agonists have been discovered: positive allosteric modulators, allosteric agonists, site-specific agonists and silent desensitizers are compounds able to modulate the receptor interacting at sites different from the orthodox one, or to desensitize the receptor without prior opening. While these new findings can further complicate the pharmacology of these proteins and the design and optimization of ligands, they undoubtedly offer new opportunities to find drugs for the many therapeutic indications involving nicotinic receptors.
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5
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Ma Q, Tae HS, Wu G, Jiang T, Yu R. Exploring the Relationship between Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand Size, Efficiency, Efficacy, and C-Loop Opening. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1947-1956. [PMID: 28718646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fundamental physiological activities in the nervous system and have become important targets for drug design. For a long time, the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) has been used as a surrogate to study the nAChR structure-function. Taking advantage of more than 100 AChBP crystal structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB), we explored the relationship between the size, efficiency, and efficacy of nAChR ligands and the C-loop movement. We found that the size of the ligand is correlated with the opening of the C-loop, which can be used in selecting AChBP crystal structures with appropriate C-loop opening to be used for nAChR ligand docking. Ligand size and C-loop opening are reversely correlated with the ligand efficiency rather than the binding affinity. Ligand efficiency could be accurately predicted using simple computational docking, giving a correlation coefficients (R2) up to 0.73. The efficacy of nAChR ligands might be related to ligand size, C-loop opening, and ligand efficiency. Results from this study are useful for engineering the binding affinity and efficacy of nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
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6
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Zhang HK, Eaton JB, Fedolak A, Gunosewoyo H, Onajole OK, Brunner D, Lukas RJ, Yu LF, Kozikowski AP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hybrids of highly potent and selective α4β2-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:689-697. [PMID: 27639361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the cyclopropylpyridine and isoxazolylpyridine ether scaffolds to be versatile building blocks for creating potent α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists with excellent selectivity over the α3β4 subtype. In our continued efforts to develop therapeutic nicotinic ligands, seven novel hybrid compounds were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated in [3H]epibatidine binding competition studies. Incorporation of a cyclopropane- or isoxazole-containing side chain onto the 5-position of 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane or 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane led to highly potent and selective α4β2* nAChR partial agonists with Ki values of 0.5-51.4 nM for α4β2 and negligible affinities for α3β4 and α7. Moreover, compounds 21, 25, and 30 maintained the functional profiles (EC50 and IC50 values of 15-50 nM) of the parent azetidine-containing compounds 3 and 4 in the 86Rb+ ion flux assays. In vivo efficacy of the most promising compound 21 was confirmed in the mouse SmartCube® platform and classical forced swim tests, supporting the potential use of α4β2 partial agonists for treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - J Brek Eaton
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Allison Fedolak
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Oluseye K Onajole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dani Brunner
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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7
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Talele TT. The "Cyclopropyl Fragment" is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8712-8756. [PMID: 27299736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing use of the cyclopropyl ring in drug development to transition drug candidates from the preclinical to clinical stage. Important features of the cyclopropane ring are, the (1) coplanarity of the three carbon atoms, (2) relatively shorter (1.51 Å) C-C bonds, (3) enhanced π-character of C-C bonds, and (4) C-H bonds are shorter and stronger than those in alkanes. The present review will focus on the contributions that a cyclopropyl ring makes to the properties of drugs containing it. Consequently, the cyclopropyl ring addresses multiple roadblocks that can occur during drug discovery such as (a) enhancing potency, (b) reducing off-target effects,
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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8
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Onajole OK, Vallerini GP, Eaton JB, Lukas RJ, Brunner D, Caldarone BJ, Kozikowski AP. Synthesis and Behavioral Studies of Chiral Cyclopropanes as Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Exhibiting an Antidepressant Profile. Part III. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:811-22. [PMID: 27035276 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists. A systematic structure-activity study was carried out on the previously described compound 3b, particularly concerning its (2-methoxyethyl)cyclopropyl side-chain, in an effort to improve its metabolic stability while maintaining receptor selectivity. Compound 4d exhibited very similar subnanomolar binding affinity for α4β2- and α4β2*-nAChRs compared to 3b, and it showed excellent potency in activating high-sensitivity (HS) α4β2-nAChRs with an EC50 value of 8.2 nM. Testing of 4d in the SmartCube assay revealed that the compound has a combined antidepressant plus antipsychotic signature. In the forced swim test at a dose of 30 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, 4d was found to be as efficacious as sertraline, thus providing evidence of the potential use of the compound as an antidepressant. Additional promise for use of 4d in humans comes from pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicating brain penetration, and additional assays show compound stability in the presence of human microsomes and hepatocytes. Thus, 4d has a very favorable preclinical drug profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye K. Onajole
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 425 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Gian Paolo Vallerini
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J. Brek Eaton
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Dani Brunner
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill
River Road, Tarrytown, New
York 10591, United States
| | - Barbara J. Caldarone
- Harvard
NeuroDiscovery Center and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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9
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Shahsavar A, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS, Balle T. Structural Studies of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Using Acetylcholine-Binding Protein as a Structural Surrogate. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 118:399-407. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shahsavar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thomas Balle
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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10
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Biomolecular recognition of antagonists by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Antagonistic mechanism and structure-activity relationships studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:119-32. [PMID: 25963024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the key constituent of ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and neurodegenerative diseases are strongly coupled in the human species. In recently years the developments of selective agonists by using nAChRs as the drug target have made a large progress, but the studies of selective antagonists are severely lacked. Currently these antagonists rest mainly on the extraction of partly natural products from some animals and plants; however, the production of these crude substances is quite restricted, and artificial synthesis of nAChR antagonists is still one of the completely new research fields. In the context of this manuscript, our primary objective was to comprehensively analyze the recognition patterns and the critical interaction descriptors between target α7 nAChR and a series of the novel compounds with potentially antagonistic activity by means of virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, and meanwhile these recognition reactions were also compared with the biointeraction of α7 nAChR with a commercially natural antagonist - methyllycaconitine. The results suggested clearly that there are relatively obvious differences of molecular structures between synthetic antagonists and methyllycaconitine, while the two systems have similar recognition modes on the whole. The interaction energy and the crucially noncovalent forces of the α7 nAChR-antagonists are ascertained according to the method of Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area. Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the α7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important. These outcomes tally satisfactorily with the discussions of amino acid mutations. Based on the explorations of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships, the structure-antagonistic activity relationships of antagonists and the characteristics of α7 nAChR-ligand recognitions were received a reasonable summary as well. These attempts emerged herein would not only provide helpful guidance for the design of α7 nAChR antagonists, but shed new light on the subsequent researches in antagonistic mechanism.
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11
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Onajole OK, Eaton JB, Lukas RJ, Brunner D, Thiede L, Caldarone BJ, Kozikowski AP. Enantiopure Cyclopropane-Bearing Pyridyldiazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes as Selective α4β2-nAChR Ligands. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1196-201. [PMID: 25408831 DOI: 10.1021/ml500129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of enantiopure 5-cyclopropane-bearing pyridyldiazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes that display low nanomolar binding affinities and act as functional agonists at α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that incorporation of a cyclopropane-containing side chain at the 5-position of the pyridine ring provides ligands with improved subtype selectivity for nAChR β2 subunit-containing nAChR subtypes (β2*-nAChRs) over β4*-nAChRs compared to the parent compound 4. Compound 15 exhibited subnanomolar binding affinity for α4β2- and α4β2*-nAChRs with negligible interaction. Functional assays confirm selectivity for α4β2-nAChRs. Furthermore, using the SmartCube assay system, this ligand showed antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic features, while mouse forced-swim assay further confirm the antidepressant-like property of 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye K. Onajole
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J. Brek Eaton
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Dani Brunner
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill
River Road, Tarrytown, New
York 10591, United States
| | - Lucinda Thiede
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill
River Road, Tarrytown, New
York 10591, United States
| | - Barbara J. Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior
Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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12
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Yu R, Hurdiss E, Greiner T, Lape R, Sivilotti L, Biggin PC. Agonist and antagonist binding in human glycine receptors. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6041-51. [PMID: 25184435 DOI: 10.1021/bi500815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human glycine receptor (hGlyR) is an anion-permeable ligand-gated channel that is part of a larger superfamily of receptors called the Cys-loop family. hGlyRs are particularly amenable to single-channel recordings, thus making them a model experimental system for understanding the Cys-loop receptor family in general. Understanding the relationship between agonist binding and efficacy in Cys-loop receptors should improve our future prospects for making specific agonists or antagonists. However, at present, there is no high-resolution structure for the complete hGlyR, and thus, modeling is needed to provide a physical framework on which to interpret single-channel data. The structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel from Caenorhabditis elegans shows a much higher level of sequence identity to human hGlyR than previous templates such as AChBP or the bacterial channels, GLIC and ELIC. Thus, we constructed a model of the hGlyR and validated it against previously reported mutagenesis data. We used molecular dynamics to refine the model and to explore binding of both an agonist (glycine) and an antagonist (strychnine). The model shows excellent agreement with previous data but also suggests some unique features: (i) a water molecule that forms part of the binding site and allows us to account for some previous results that were difficult to reconcile, (ii) an interaction of the glycine agonist with S129, and (iii) an effect from E211, both of which we confirmed with new site-directed mutagenesis and patch clamp recordings. Finally, examination of the simulations suggests that strychnine binding induces movement to a conformational state distinct from the glycine-bound or apo state, not only within the ligand-binding domain but also in the transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilei Yu
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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13
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Maurya RA, Reddy CN, Mani GS, Kapure JS, Adiyala PR, Nanubolu JB, Singarapu KK, Kamal A. Highly diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-ones via catalyst-free cyclopropanation using ethyl diazoacetate. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Yu LF, Zhang HK, Caldarone BJ, Eaton JB, Lukas RJ, Kozikowski AP. Recent developments in novel antidepressants targeting α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8204-23. [PMID: 24901260 PMCID: PMC4207546 DOI: 10.1021/jm401937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(nAChRs) have been investigated
for developing drugs that can potentially treat various central nervous
system disorders. Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that
modulation of the cholinergic system through activation and/or desensitization/inactivation
of nAChR holds promise for the development of new antidepressants.
The introductory portion of this Miniperspective discusses the basic
pharmacology that underpins the involvement of α4β2-nAChRs
in depression, along with the structural features that are essential
to ligand recognition by the α4β2-nAChRs. The remainder
of this Miniperspective analyzes reported nicotinic ligands in terms
of drug design considerations and their potency and selectivity, with
a particular focus on compounds exhibiting antidepressant-like effects
in preclinical or clinical studies. This Miniperspective aims to provide
an in-depth analysis of the potential for using nicotinic ligands
in the treatment of depression, which may hold some promise in addressing
an unmet clinical need by providing relief from depressive symptoms
in refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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15
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Marotta C, Rreza I, Lester HA, Dougherty DA. Selective ligand behaviors provide new insights into agonist activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1153-9. [PMID: 24564429 PMCID: PMC4033646 DOI: 10.1021/cb400937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are a diverse set of ion channels that are essential to everyday brain function. Contemporary research studies selective activation of individual subtypes of receptors, with the hope of increasing our understanding of behavioral responses and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we aim to expand current binding models to help explain the specificity seen among three activators of α4β2 receptors: sazetidine-A, cytisine, and NS9283. Through mutational analysis, we can interchange the activation profiles of the stoichiometry-selective compounds sazetidine-A and cytisine. In addition, mutations render NS9283--currently identified as a positive allosteric modulator--into an agonist. These results lead to two conclusions: (1) occupation at each primary face of an α subunit is needed to activate the channel and (2) the complementary face of the adjacent subunit dictates the binding ability of the agonist.
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16
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Kapure JS, Reddy CN, Adiyala PR, Nayak R, Nayak VL, Nanubolu JB, Singarapu KK, Maurya RA. Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-ones through metal-free cyclopropanation using tosylhydrazone salts. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05755d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer spiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-ones are accessible through a transition metal-free diastereoselective cyclopropanation using in situ generated diazo-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevak Sopanrao Kapure
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Chada Narsimha Reddy
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjita Nayak
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - V. Lakshma Nayak
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kiran Kumar Singarapu
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Ram Awatar Maurya
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
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17
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Binda M, Fasoli F, Ferrara R, Fumagalli L, Gotti C, Matucci R, Vistoli G, Pallavicini M. Design, synthesis and binding affinity of acetylcholine carbamoyl analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6481-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Nys M, Kesters D, Ulens C. Structural insights into Cys-loop receptor function and ligand recognition. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1042-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Zhang HK, Yu LF, Eaton JB, Whiteaker P, Onajole OK, Hanania T, Brunner D, Lukas RJ, Kozikowski AP. Chemistry, pharmacology, and behavioral studies identify chiral cyclopropanes as selective α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists exhibiting an antidepressant profile. Part II. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5495-504. [PMID: 23734673 DOI: 10.1021/jm400510u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A 3-pyridyl ether scaffold bearing a cyclopropane-containing side chain was recently identified in our efforts to create novel antidepressants that act as partial agonists at α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In this study, a systematic structure-activity relationship investigation was carried out on both the azetidine moiety present in compound 3 and its right-hand side chain, thereby discovering a variety of novel nicotinic ligands that retain bioactivity and feature improved chemical stability. The most promising compounds, 24, 26, and 30, demonstrated comparable or enhanced pharmacological profiles compared to the parent compound 4, and the N-methylpyrrolidine analogue 26 also exhibited robust antidepressant-like efficacy in the mouse forced swim test. The favorable ADMET profile and chemical stability of 26 further indicate this compound to be a promising lead as a drug candidate warranting further advancement down the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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20
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Gunosewoyo H, Midzak A, Gaisina IN, Sabath EV, Fedolak A, Hanania T, Brunner D, Papadopoulos V, Kozikowski AP. Characterization of maleimide-based glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors as stimulators of steroidogenesis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5115-29. [PMID: 23725591 DOI: 10.1021/jm400511s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of GSK-3β has been well documented to account for the behavioral actions of the mood stabilizer lithium in various animal models of mood disorders. Recent studies have showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β resulted in anxiolytic-like and pro-social behavior. In our ongoing efforts to develop GSK-3β inhibitors for the treatment of mood disorders, SAR studies on maleimide-based compounds were undertaken. We present herein for the first time that some of these GSK-3β inhibitors, in particular analogues 1 and 9, were able to stimulate progesterone production in the MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cell model of steroidogenesis without any significant toxicity. These two compounds were tested in the SmartCube behavioral assay and showed anxiolytic-like signatures following daily dose administration (50 mg/kg, ip) for 13 days. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that GSK-3β inhibition could influence neuroactive steroid production thereby mediating the modulation of anxiety-like behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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