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Ghosh KK, RajanBabu TV. Ligand Effects in Carboxylic Ester- and Aldehyde-Assisted β-C-H Activation in Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Cycloisomerization-Hydroalkenylation and Cycloisomerization-Hydroarylation, and [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloadditions of 1,6-Enynes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18753-18770. [PMID: 38935521 PMCID: PMC11415009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report room temperature, atom-economic protocols for high regio- and enantioselective tandem cycloisomerization-hydroarylation and cycloisomerization-hydroalkenylation of 1,6-enynes leading to vicinal carba-functionalized pyrrolidines, tetrahydrofurans, and cyclopentanes. The latter steps in these processes involve carbonyl-coordination-assisted ortho-C-H activation of aromatic aldehydes and esters, and, a similar, yet rarely seen, β-C-H activation in the case of the acrylates. Synthetically useful enantioselective versions of such reactions are rare and are limited to the C2-H activation of indoles and pyrroles. A similar reaction is also observed with N-vinylphthalimide, which also has a carbonyl group suitable for C-H activation. A dibenzooxaphosphole ligand, (2S,2S',3S,3S')-MeO-BIBOP was uniquely identified as crucial to achieving the challenging regio- and enantioselectivity. This methodology gives access to substituted five-membered carbo- and heterocyclic compounds in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities under a low catalyst loading. A primary KIE of 3.5 is observed in an intermolecular competition experiment with methyl benzoate and d5-methyl benzoate, which indicates that the C-H cleavage is the turnover-limiting step of this process. Unlike the acrylates, which undergoes exclusive hydroalkenylation, a β, γ-unsaturated ester, methyl but-3-enoate, undergoes the highly enantioselective cycloisomerization-coupling sequence with a 1,6-enyne giving either a [2 + 2 + 2]-cycloaddition with (S, S)-BDPP or hydroalkenylation with (2S,2'S,3S,3'S)-MeO-BIBOP depending on the ligand employed. The (E)-configuration of the newly formed double bond at the terminal alkynyl carbon (of the starting enyne) in the hydroalkenylation product of β,γ-unsaturated ester suggests a more classical migratory insertion-β-hydride elimination route for the formation of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiron K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Poyraz S, Döndaş HA, Yamali C, Belveren S, Demir Y, Aydınoglu S, Döndaş NY, Taskin-Tok T, Taş S, Ülger M, Sansano JM. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking analysis of pyrrolidine-benzenesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antimicrobial agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3441-3458. [PMID: 37232497 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological assessment of novel multi-functionalized pyrrolidine-containing benzenesulfonamides were reported along with their antimicrobial, antifungal, CAs inhibition, and AChE inhibition as well as DNA-binding effects. The chemical structure of the compounds was elucidated by using FTIR, NMR, and HRMS. Compound 3b, which had Ki values of 17.61 ± 3.58 nM (hCA I) and 5.14 ± 0.61 nM (hCA II), was found the be the most potent CAs inhibitor. Compounds 6a and 6b showed remarkable AChE inhibition effects with Ki values 22.34 ± 4.53 nM and 27.21 ± 3.96 nM in comparison to tacrine. Compounds 6a-6c had moderate antituberculosis effect on M. tuberculosis with a MIC value of 15.62 μg/ml. Compounds had weaker antifungal and antibacterial activity in the range of MIC 500-62.5 μg/ml against standard bacterial and fungal strains. Besides these above, molecular docking studies were performed to examine and evaluate the interaction of the remarkable compounds (3b, 6a and 6b) against the current enzymes (CAs and AChE). Novel compounds gained interest in terms of enzyme inhibitory potencies. Therefore, the most potent enzyme inhibitors may be considered lead compounds to be modified for further research.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Poyraz
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - H Ali Döndaş
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Cem Yamali
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Samet Belveren
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Aydınoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Naciye Yaktubay Döndaş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- gDepartment of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Senanur Taş
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Ülger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Jose M Sansano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Alicante, Spain
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3
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Ma S, Henderson JA, Shen J. Exploring the pH-Dependent Structure-Dynamics-Function Relationship of Human Renin. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:400-407. [PMID: 33356221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Renin is a pepsin-like aspartyl protease and an important drug target for the treatment of hypertension; despite three decades' research, its pH-dependent structure-function relationship remains poorly understood. Here, we employed continuous constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) simulations to decipher the acid/base roles of renin's catalytic dyad and the conformational dynamics of the flap, which is a common structural feature among aspartyl proteases. The calculated pKa's suggest that catalytic Asp38 and Asp226 serve as the general base and acid, respectively, in agreement with experiment and supporting the hypothesis that renin's neutral optimum pH is due to the substrate-induced pKa shifts of the aspartic dyad. The CpHMD data confirmed our previous hypothesis that hydrogen bond formation is the major determinant of the dyad pKa order. Additionally, our simulations showed that renin's flap remains open regardless of pH, although a Tyr-inhibited state is occasionally formed above pH 5. These findings are discussed in comparison to the related aspartyl proteases, including β-secretases 1 and 2, cathepsin D, and plasmepsin II. Our work represents a first step toward a systematic understanding of the pH-dependent structure-dynamics-function relationships of pepsin-like aspartyl proteases that play important roles in biology and human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Jack A Henderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jana Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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4
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Ramya K, Suresh R, Kumar HY, Kumar BRP, Murthy NBS. Decades-old renin inhibitors are still struggling to find a niche in antihypertensive therapy. A fleeting look at the old and the promising new molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115466. [PMID: 32247750 PMCID: PMC7112834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a diverse illness interlinked with cerebral, cardiovascular (CVS) and renal abnormalities. Presently, the malady is being treated by focusing on Renin- angiotensin system (RAS), voltage-gated calcium channels, peripheral vasodilators, renal and sympathetic nervous systems. Cardiovascular and renal abnormalities are associated with the overactivation of RAS, which can be constrained by angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II (Ang-II) -AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and renin inhibitors. The latter is a new player in the old system. The renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I (Ang-I). This can be overcome by inhibiting renin, a preliminary step, eventually hinders the occurrence of the cascade of events in the RAS. Various peptidomimetics, the first-generation renin inhibitors developed six decades ago have limited drug-like properties as they suffered from poor intestinal absorption, high liver first-pass metabolism and low oral bioavailability. The development of chemically diverse molecules from peptides to nonpeptides expanded the horizon to achieving direct renin inhibition. Aliskiren, a blockbuster drug that emerged as a clinical candidate and got approved by the US FDA in 2007 was developed by molecular modeling studies. Aliskiren indicated superior to average efficacy and with minor adverse effects relative to other RAS inhibitors. However, its therapeutic use is limited by poor oral bioavailability of less than 2% that is similar to first-generation peptidic compounds. In this review, we present the development of direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) from peptidic to nonpeptidics that lead to the birth of aliskiren, its place in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnappa Ramya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oxbridge College of Pharmacy, Mahadeshwara Nagara, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ramalingam Suresh
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Honnavalli Yogish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), SS Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), SS Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - N B Sridhara Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oxbridge College of Pharmacy, Mahadeshwara Nagara, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
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5
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Loganathan L, Muthusamy K. Investigation of Drug Interaction Potentials and Binding Modes on Direct Renin Inhibitors: A Computational Modeling Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180827113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is one of the key risk factors for cardiovascular disease, it is
regulated through Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) cascade. Renin catalyzes the initial
rate-limiting step in RAAS system, that influences the synthesis of angiotensin I from precursor
angiotensin. Renin inhibition could be a potential step for the blood pressure lowering mechanism as
well as for organ protection.
Methods:
In order to understand the structure-activity association of direct renin inhibitors (DRIs),
we have carried out three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular
docking studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis to identify the attractive compounds.
Five-point pharmacophore model of one acceptor, three hydrophobic groups and one aromatic
ring was chosen for the dataset of 40 compounds.
Results:
The generated 3D-QSAR model shows that the alignment has a good correlation coefficient
for the training set compounds, which comprise the value of R2 = 0.96, SD = 0.1, and F = 131.3. The
test compounds had Q2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.25, and Pearson-R = 0.97, which describes the predicted
model was reliable.
Discussion:
External validations were carried out to validate the predicted QSAR model. Further, the
significant compounds were studied using different in silico approaches in order to explore the difference
in the atomic configuration and binding mechanism of the identified compounds.
Conclusion:
The molecular dynamics simulation of the complex was analyzed and confirmed the
stability of the compounds in the protein. The outcome of the result could be useful to improve the
safety and efficacy of DRIs that can be projected to clinical trials.
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6
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Meyers MJ, Liu J, Xu J, Leng F, Guan J, Liu Z, McNitt SA, Qin L, Dai L, Ma H, Adah D, Zhao S, Li X, Polino AJ, Nasamu AS, Goldberg DE, Liu X, Lu Y, Tu Z, Chen X, Tortorella MD. 4-Aryl Pyrrolidines as a Novel Class of Orally Efficacious Antimalarial Agents. Part 1: Evaluation of 4-Aryl- N-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamides. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3503-3512. [PMID: 30856324 PMCID: PMC6727846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of novel chemotypes with antimalarial efficacy is imperative to combat the rise of Plasmodium species resistant to current antimalarial drugs. We have used a hybrid target-phenotype approach to identify and evaluate novel chemotypes for malaria. In our search for drug-like aspartic protease inhibitors in publicly available phenotypic antimalarial databases, we identified GNF-Pf-4691, a 4-aryl- N-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide, as having a structure reminiscent of known inhibitors of aspartic proteases. Extensive profiling of the two terminal aryl rings revealed a structure-activity relationship in which relatively few substituents are tolerated at the benzylic position, but the 3-aryl position tolerates a range of hydrophobic groups and some heterocycles. Out of this effort, we identified (+)-54b (CWHM-1008) as a lead compound. 54b has EC50 values of 46 and 21 nM against drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and drug-resistant Dd2 strains, respectively. Furthermore, 54b has a long half-life in mice (4.4 h) and is orally efficacious in a mouse model of malaria (qd; ED99 ∼ 30 mg/kg/day). Thus, the 4-aryl- N-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide chemotype is a promising novel chemotype for malaria drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Meyers
- Department of Chemistry , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , Missouri 63103 , United States
- Center for World Health and Medicine , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , Missouri 63104 , United States
| | - Jianguang Liu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Jing Xu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Fang Leng
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Jiantong Guan
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Sarah A McNitt
- Department of Chemistry , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , Missouri 63103 , United States
- Center for World Health and Medicine , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , Missouri 63104 , United States
| | - Limei Qin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Linglin Dai
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Dickson Adah
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Siting Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Alex J Polino
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology , Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Armiyaw S Nasamu
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology , Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology , Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Micky D Tortorella
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China
- Legion/Lijien Pharmaceuticals , Guangzhou 510530 , China
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7
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Borah M, Saikia AK. FeCl3
-Mediated Carbenium Ion-Induced Intramolecular Cyclization of N
-Tethered Alkyne-Benzyl Alkanols. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhurjya Borah
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | - Anil K. Saikia
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
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8
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Sun X, Wen X, Chen YY, Shi C, Gao C, Wu Y, Wang LJ, Yang XH, Sun H. Discovery of highly potent renin inhibitors potentially interacting with the S3' subsite of renin. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:269-88. [PMID: 26363506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the S3' subsite of renin active site for renin inhibitor design, 42 aliskiren derivatives with modified P2' portion were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Some highly potent renin inhibitors (IC₅₀ < 3 nM) were identified, among which compounds 38 (IC₅₀ = 0.9 nM) and 39 (IC₅₀ = 0.7 nM) were over 2.5-fold more potent than aliskiren (IC₅₀ = 2.3 nM). SAR analysis indicated that incorporation of polar hydrophilic moieties into the P2' portion of renin inhibitors generally enhanced the potency. Consistently with this, molecular modeling study revealed that the triazole part of 39 could provide additional interactions to the S3' subsite of renin active site. Moreover, in vivo evaluation in the double transgenic mouse hypertension model demonstrated that 39 produced greater reduction of the mean arterial blood pressure than ariskiren at the doses of 17.0 and 34.0 μmol/kg, respectively. Taken together, the S3' subsite of renin active site merits further consideration for renin inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chengzhe Gao
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li-jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Xiu-hong Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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9
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trans-(3S,4S)-Disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. Part I: prime site exploration using an amino linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1782-1786. [PMID: 25782742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the discovery of (3S,4S)-disubstituted pyrrolidines (e.g., 2) as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. In our effort to further expand the scope of this novel class of direct renin inhibitors, a new sub-series was designed in which the prime site substituents are linked to the pyrrolidine core by a (3S)-amino functional group. In particular, analogs bearing the corresponding sulfonamide spacer (50, 51 and 54a) demonstrated a pronounced increase in in vitro potency compared to compound 2.
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10
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Sellner H, Cottens S, Cumin F, Ehrhardt C, Kosaka T, Lorthiois E, Ostermann N, Webb RL, Rigel DF, Wagner T, Maibaum J. trans -3,4-Disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. Part II: Prime site exploration using an oxygen linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1787-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Meyers MJ, Anderson EJ, McNitt SA, Krenning TM, Singh M, Xu J, Zeng W, Qin L, Xu W, Zhao S, Qin L, Eickhoff CS, Oliva J, Campbell MA, Arnett SD, Prinsen MJ, Griggs DW, Ruminski PG, Goldberg DE, Ding K, Liu X, Tu Z, Tortorella MD, Sverdrup FM, Chen X. Evaluation of spiropiperidine hydantoins as a novel class of antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5144-50. [PMID: 25797165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the rise of parasite resistance to all currently used antimalarial drugs, the identification of novel chemotypes with unique mechanisms of action is of paramount importance. Since Plasmodium expresses a number of aspartic proteases necessary for its survival, we have mined antimalarial datasets for drug-like aspartic protease inhibitors. This effort led to the identification of spiropiperidine hydantoins, bearing similarity to known inhibitors of the human aspartic protease β-secretase (BACE), as new leads for antimalarial drug discovery. Spiropiperidine hydantoins have a dynamic structure-activity relationship profile with positions identified as being tolerant of a variety of substitution patterns as well as a key piperidine N-benzyl phenol pharmacophore. Lead compounds 4e (CWHM-123) and 12k (CWHM-505) are potent antimalarials with IC50 values against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 of 0.310 μM and 0.099 μM, respectively, and the former features equivalent potency on the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain. Remarkably, these compounds do not inhibit human aspartic proteases BACE, cathepsins D and E, or Plasmodium plasmepsins II and IV despite their similarity to known BACE inhibitors. Although the current leads suffer from poor metabolic stability, they do fit into a drug-like chemical property space and provide a new class of potent antimalarial agents for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Meyers
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Elizabeth J Anderson
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sarah A McNitt
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Thomas M Krenning
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Megh Singh
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentian Zeng
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Qin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190, Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wanwan Xu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190, Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190, Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190, Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Christopher S Eickhoff
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jonathan Oliva
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Mary A Campbell
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Stacy D Arnett
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael J Prinsen
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David W Griggs
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peter G Ruminski
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Micky D Tortorella
- Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francis M Sverdrup
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, M132 Schwitalla Hall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190, Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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12
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Ehara T, Irie O, Kosaka T, Kanazawa T, Breitenstein W, Grosche P, Ostermann N, Suzuki M, Kawakami S, Konishi K, Hitomi Y, Toyao A, Gunji H, Cumin F, Schiering N, Wagner T, Rigel DF, Webb RL, Maibaum J, Yokokawa F. Structure-based design of substituted piperidines as a new class of highly efficacious oral direct Renin inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:787-92. [PMID: 25050166 DOI: 10.1021/ml500137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A cis-configured 3,5-disubstituted piperidine direct renin inhibitor, (syn,rac)-1, was discovered as a high-throughput screening hit from a target-family tailored library. Optimization of both the prime and the nonprime site residues flanking the central piperidine transition-state surrogate resulted in analogues with improved potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, culminating in the identification of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-substituted piperidine 31. This compound showed high in vitro potency toward human renin with excellent off-target selectivity, 60% oral bioavailability in rat, and dose-dependent blood pressure lowering effects in the double-transgenic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ehara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Osamu Irie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kosaka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Werner Breitenstein
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Grosche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masaki Suzuki
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kawakami
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Konishi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Hitomi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiroki Gunji
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Frederic Cumin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Schiering
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dean F. Rigel
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Corp., Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Randy L. Webb
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Corp., Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Jürgen Maibaum
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fumiaki Yokokawa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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13
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Yokokawa F. Recent progress on the discovery of non-peptidic direct renin inhibitors for the clinical management of hypertension. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:673-90. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.791279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Ostermann N, Ruedisser S, Ehrhardt C, Breitenstein W, Marzinzik A, Jacoby E, Vangrevelinghe E, Ottl J, Klumpp M, Hartwieg JCD, Cumin F, Hassiepen U, Trappe J, Sedrani R, Geisse S, Gerhartz B, Richert P, Francotte E, Wagner T, Krömer M, Kosaka T, Webb RL, Rigel DF, Maibaum J, Baeschlin DK. A novel class of oral direct renin inhibitors: highly potent 3,5-disubstituted piperidines bearing a tricyclic p3-p1 pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2196-206. [PMID: 23360239 DOI: 10.1021/jm301706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A small library of fragments comprising putative recognition motifs for the catalytic dyad of aspartic proteases was generated by in silico similarity searches within the corporate compound deck based on rh-renin active site docking and scoring filters. Subsequent screening by NMR identified the low-affinity hits 3 and 4 as competitive active site binders, which could be shown by X-ray crystallography to bind to the hydrophobic S3-S1 pocket of rh-renin. As part of a parallel multiple hit-finding approach, the 3,5-disubstituted piperidine (rac)-5 was discovered by HTS using a enzymatic assay. X-ray crystallography demonstrated the eutomer (3S,5R)-5 to be a peptidomimetic inhibitor binding to a nonsubstrate topography of the rh-renin prime site. The design of the potent and selective (3S,5R)-12 bearing a P3(sp)-tethered tricyclic P3-P1 pharmacophore derived from 3 is described. (3S,5R)-12 showed oral bioavailability in rats and demonstrated blood pressure lowering activity in the double-transgenic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Pharma AG, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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