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Díaz-Vázquez ED, Cuellar MA, Heredia MD, Barolo SM, González-Bakker A, Padrón JM, Budén ME, Martín SE, Uberman PM. Palladium nanoparticles for the synthesis of phenanthridinones and benzo[ c]chromenes via C-H activation reaction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18703-18715. [PMID: 38863826 PMCID: PMC11166021 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, derivatives of phenanthridine-6(5H)-ones and benzo[c]chromenes were efficiently prepared through an intramolecular C-H bond functionalization reaction catalyzed by photochemically synthesized Pd-PVP nanoparticles. The heterocycles were obtained via intramolecular arylation of the corresponding N-methyl-N-aryl-2-halobenzamide or aryl-(2-halo)benzyl ethers using K2CO3 as base in a mixture of H2O : DMA as solvent without additives or ligands. High yields of the heterocyclic compounds were achieved (up to 95%) using a moderately low catalyst loading (1-5 mol%) under an air atmosphere at 100 °C. The reaction exhibited very good tolerance to diverse functional groups (OMe, Me, t Bu, Ph, OCF3, CF3, F, Cl, -CN, Naph), and both bromine and iodine substrates showed great reactivity. Finally, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of phenanthridine-6(5H)-ones and benzo[c]chromenes was evaluated against six human solid tumor cell lines. The more active compounds exhibit activity in the low micromolar range. 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene was identified as the best compound with promising values of activity (GI50 range 3.9-8.6 μM). Thus, the benzochromene core was highlighted as a novel organic building block to prepare potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D Díaz-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Micaela A Cuellar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Micaela D Heredia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvia M Barolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Aday González-Bakker
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 E-38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 E-38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - María E Budén
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Sandra E Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Paula M Uberman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
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2
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AlKhelb D, Burke EL, Zvonok A, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Georgiadis MO, Jiang S, Ho TC, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A, Desai RI. Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176168. [PMID: 38059442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic forms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), dronabinol or nabilone, have been approved to treat several indications. However, due to safety concerns their clinical utility remains limited. Consequently, there is a need for developing cannabinoid (CB) ligands that display better behavioral pharmacological profiles than Δ9-THC. Here, we utilized drug discrimination methods to compare the interoceptive effects of CB ligands that vary in potency, efficacy, and selectivity at the CB receptors, including two ligands, AM411 and AM4089, that show CB1 partial agonist-like actions in vitro. Male rats were trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg AM2201 from saline under a fixed-ratio (FR) 10 response schedule of food reinforcement. After establishing AM2201's discriminative-stimulus effects, pretreatment tests with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant blocked AM2201's effects, whereas the peripherally-restricted antagonist AM6545 had no effect. Next, the generalization profiles of AM411 and AM4089 with CB1 full agonists (JWH-018, CP-55,940, AM8936), partial agonist (Δ9-THC), and non-cannabinoids (fentanyl, atropine) were compared. The CBs either fully (AM2201, CP-55,940, JWH-018, AM8936, Δ9-THC) or partially (AM411, AM4089) substituted for AM2201, whereas fentanyl and atropine did not produce AM2201-like effects. All CB drugs were more potent than Δ9-THC and correlation analysis confirmed that the relative behavioral potencies of CBs corresponded strongly with their relative affinities at the CB1 but not CB2 receptors. Together, our results further demonstrate that AM411 and AM4089 exhibit better pharmacological profiles compared to Δ9-THC, in that they are more potent and display in vivo partial agonist-like actions that are centrally mediated via CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal AlKhelb
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emily L Burke
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Zvonok
- MAK Scientific LLC, 151 South Bedford Street, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Christos Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thanh C Ho
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; MAK Scientific LLC, 151 South Bedford Street, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA.
| | - Rajeev I Desai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Biology Program, Integrative Neurochemistry Laboratory, McLean Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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3
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Docampo-Palacios ML, Ramirez GA, Tesfatsion TT, Okhovat A, Pittiglio M, Ray KP, Cruces W. Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs. Molecules 2023; 28:6434. [PMID: 37687263 PMCID: PMC10490552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids. A discussion of structure-activity relationships with the four different pharmacophores found in the cannabinoid scaffold is added to this review. According to laboratory studies in vitro, and in several animal species in vivo, HHC is reported to have broadly similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in several animal species in vivo. However, the effects of HHC treatment have not been studied in humans, and thus a biological profile has not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite L. Docampo-Palacios
- Colorado Chromatography Labs, 10505 S. Progress Way, Unit 105, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (G.A.R.); (T.T.T.); (A.O.); (M.P.); (K.P.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Westley Cruces
- Colorado Chromatography Labs, 10505 S. Progress Way, Unit 105, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (G.A.R.); (T.T.T.); (A.O.); (M.P.); (K.P.R.)
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4
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Understanding the Dynamics of the Structural States of Cannabinoid Receptors and the Role of Different Modulators. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122137. [PMID: 36556502 PMCID: PMC9786085 DOI: 10.3390/life12122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R are members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. These receptors have recently come to light as possible therapeutic targets for conditions affecting the central nervous system. However, because CB1R is known to have psychoactive side effects, its potential as a drug target is constrained. Therefore, targeting CB2R has become the primary focus of recent research. Using various molecular modeling studies, we analyzed the active, inactive, and intermediate states of both CBRs in this study. We conducted in-depth research on the binding properties of various groups of cannabinoid modulators, including agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists, with all of the different conformational states of the CBRs. The binding effects of these modulators were studied on various CB structural features, including the movement of the transmembrane helices, the volume of the binding cavity, the internal fluids, and the important GPCR properties. Then, using in vitro experiments and computational modeling, we investigated how vitamin E functions as a lipid modulator to influence THC binding. This comparative examination of modulator binding to CBRs provides significant insight into the mechanisms of structural alterations and ligand affinity, which can directly help in the rational design of selective modulators that target either CB1R or CB2R.
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5
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Heredia MD, Puiatti M, Rossi RA, Budén ME. Visible light mediated synthesis of 6 H-benzo[ c]chromenes: transition-metal-free intramolecular direct C-H arylation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:228-239. [PMID: 34889351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach towards the 6H-benzo[c]chromene ring under visible light and transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. Benzochromenes are synthesized from the corresponding (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers or (2-halophenyl) benzyl ethers using KOtBu in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (rt) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. This methodology replaces the use of ligands or additives, high temperatures and toxic solvents. The photostimulated reaction exhibits very good tolerance to different functional groups and 5H-dibenzo[c,f]chromenes are also effectively obtained. An electron donor-acceptor complex formed by the dimsyl anion and (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers was found and it induces the ET as the initial step in the photocyclization reaction. Furthermore, in order to explain the regiochemical outcome of this reaction, a theoretical analysis was performed using DFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela D Heredia
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Puiatti
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Roberto A Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María E Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Ballarotto M, Solinas M, Temperini A. A straightforward synthesis of functionalized 6 H-benzo[ c]chromenes from 3-alkenyl chromenes by intermolecular Diels-Alder/aromatization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10359-10375. [PMID: 34812469 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and metal-free approach to the synthesis of substituted 6H-benzo[c]chromenes has been developed. This three-step synthetic sequence starts from variously substituted salicylaldehydes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form the chromene core. The de novo ring-forming key step is based on a highly regioselective intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition between 3-vinyl-2H-chromenes and methyl propiolate, followed by oxidative aromatization of the cyclohexadiene cycloadduct intermediate to obtain the final products in good yields (up to 94% over two steps). A modular and divergent design was followed, including a multicomponent reaction, to maximize the scaffold diversity obtained from our approach. The mechanism, investigated by DFT calculations, was confirmed to be concerted through a slightly asynchronous transition state. Energetic analysis of the transition states which have been found confirmed the experimental results in terms of regioselectivity and reactivity tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ballarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mario Solinas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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7
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SARs for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. 3. Combinations of New Substituents in A/B-Rings and A/C-Rings. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133944. [PMID: 34203527 PMCID: PMC8271509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products pulchrol and pulchral, isolated from the roots of the Mexican plant Bourreria pulchra, have previously been shown to possess antiparasitic activity towards Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis and L. amazonensis, which are protozoa responsible for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. These infections have been classified as neglected diseases, and still require the development of safer and more efficient alternatives to their current treatments. Recent SARs studies, based on the pulchrol scaffold, showed which effects exchanges of its substituents have on the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity. Many of the analogues prepared were shown to be more potent than pulchrol and the current drugs used to treat leishmaniasis and Chagas disease (miltefosine and benznidazole, respectively), in vitro. Moreover, indications of some of the possible interactions that may take place in the binding sites were also identified. In this study, 12 analogues with modifications at two or three different positions in two of the three rings were prepared by synthetic and semi-synthetic procedures. The molecules were assayed in vitro towards T. cruzi epimastigotes, L. braziliensis promastigotes, and L. amazonensis promastigotes. Some compounds had higher antiparasitic activity than the parental compound pulchrol, and in some cases even benznidazole and miltefosine. The best combinations in this subset are with carbonyl functionalities in the A-ring and isopropyl groups in the C-ring, as well as with alkyl substituents in both the A- and C-rings combined with a hydroxyl group in position 1 (C-ring). The latter corresponds to cannabinol, which indeed was shown to be potent towards all the parasites.
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8
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Ho TC, Tius MA, Nikas SP, Tran NK, Tong F, Zhou H, Zvonok N, Makriyannis A. Oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127882. [PMID: 33636308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of earlier work on classical cannabinoids bearing bulky side chains we report here the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3'-functionalized oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids as a novel class of cannabinergic ligands. Key synthetic steps involve nucleophilic addition/transannular cyclization of aryllithium to epoxyketone in the presence of cerium chloride and stereoselective construction of the tricyclic cannabinoid nucleus. The synthesis of the oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids is convenient, and amenable to scale up allowing the preparation of these analogs in sufficient quantities for detailed in vitro evaluation. The novel oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids reported here were found to be high affinity ligands for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. In the cyclase assay these compounds were found to behave as potent and efficacious CB1 receptor agonists. Isothiocyanate analog AM10504 is capable of irreversibly labeling both the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh C Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Marcus A Tius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ngan K Tran
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fei Tong
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Han Zhou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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9
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Navaratne PV, Wilkerson JL, Ranasinghe KD, Semenova E, Felix JS, Ghiviriga I, Roitberg A, McMahon LR, Grenning AJ. Axially Chiral Cannabinols: A New Platform for Cannabinoid‐Inspired Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:728-732. [PMID: 32061146 PMCID: PMC10173896 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids (and synthetic analogs thereof) are gaining significant attention as promising leads in modern medicine. Considering this, new directions for the design of phytocannabinoid-inspired molecules is of immediate interest. In this regard, we have hypothesized that axially-chiral-cannabinols (ax-CBNs), unnatural and unknown isomers of cannabinol (CBN) may be valuable scaffolds for cannabinoid-inspired drug discovery. There are two main factors directing our interest to these scaffolds: (a) ax-CBNs would have ground-state three-dimensionality; ligand-receptor interactions can be more significant with complimentary 3D-topology, and (b) ax-CBNs at their core structure are biaryl molecules, generally attractive platforms for pharmaceutical development due to their ease of functionalization and stability. Herein we report a synthesis of ax-CBNs, examine physical properties experimentally and computationally, and perform a comparative analysis of ax-CBN and THC in mice behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny L. Wilkerson
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | | | - Evgeniya Semenova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jasmine S. Felix
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Lance R. McMahon
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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10
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Diastereoselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of 2-arylideneindan-1,3-diones with β-naphthols: Efficient assemble of immunosuppressive pentacyclic chromanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Synthesis of Functionalized Cannabilactones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030684. [PMID: 32041131 PMCID: PMC7037859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach to synthesize cannabilactones using Suzuki cross-coupling reaction followed by one-step demethylation-cyclization is presented. The two key cannabilactone prototypes AM1710 and AM1714 were obtained selectively in high overall yields and in a lesser number of synthetic steps when compared to our earlier synthesis. The new approach expedited the synthesis of cannabilactone analogs with structural modifications at the four potential pharmacophoric regions.
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12
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Navaratne PV, Grenning AJ. Tetrahydrobenzochromene Synthesis Enabled by a Deconjugative Alkylation/Tsuji-Saegusa-Ito Oxidation on Knoevenagel Adducts. Org Lett 2018; 20:4566-4570. [PMID: 30009612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular and practical route to versatile cyano-1,3-dienes by a sequence involving deconjugative alkylation and "Tsuji-Saegusa-Ito oxidation" is reported. In this letter, the versatility of the products is also explored, including a route to benzochromene scaffolds common to many natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primali V Navaratne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
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13
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Deng Q, Tan L, Xu Y, Liu P, Sun P. Synthesis of 6-Fluoroalkyl 6H-Benzo[c]chromenes via Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Addition/Cyclization of Biaryl Vinyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6151-6161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liping Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Jiang G, Fang S, Hu W, Li J, Zhu C, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential C(sp
2
)-H Alkynylation/Annulation of 2-Phenylphenols with Haloalkynes Using Phenolic Hydroxyl as the Traceless Directing Group. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Songjia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Weigao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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15
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Bertini S, Chicca A, Gado F, Arena C, Nieri D, Digiacomo M, Saccomanni G, Zhao P, Abood ME, Macchia M, Gertsch J, Manera C. Novel analogs of PSNCBAM-1 as allosteric modulators of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6427-6434. [PMID: 29079014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explored the molecular framework of the known CB1R allosteric modulator PSNCBAM-1 with the aim to generate new bioactive analogs and to deepen the structure-activity relationships of this type of compounds. In particular, the introduction of a NH group between the pyridine ring and the phenyl nucleus generated the amino-phenyl-urea derivative SN15b that behaved as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM), increasing the CB1R binding affinity of the orthosteric ligand CP55,940. The functional activity was evaluated using serum response element (SRE) assay, which assesses the CB1R-dependent activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. SN15b and the biphenyl-urea analog SC4a significantly inhibited the response produced by CP55,940 in the low µM range, thus behaving as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). The new derivatives presented here provide further insights about the modulation of CB1R binding and functional activity by allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Nieri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Kulkarni AR, Garai S, Janero DR, Thakur GA. Design and Synthesis of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor (CB1R) Allosteric Modulators: Drug Discovery Applications. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:281-315. [PMID: 28750808 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Also expressed in various peripheral tissues, the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) is the predominant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in brain, where it is responsible for retrograde control of neurotransmitter release. Cellular signaling mediated by CB1R is involved in numerous physiological processes, and pharmacological CB1R modulation is considered a tenable therapeutic approach for diseases ranging from substance-use disorders and glaucoma to metabolic syndrome. Despite the design and synthesis of a variety of bioactive small molecules targeted to the CB1R orthosteric ligand-binding site, the potential of CB1R as a therapeutic GPCR has been largely unrealized due to adverse events associated with typical orthosteric CB1R agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists. Modulation of CB1R-mediated signal transmission by targeting alternative allosteric ligand-binding site(s) on the receptor has garnered interest as a potentially safer and more effective therapeutic modality. This chapter highlights the design and synthesis of novel, pharmacologically active CB1R allosteric modulators and emphasizes how their molecular properties and the positive and negative allosteric control they exert can lead to improved CB1R-targeted pharmacotherapeutics, as well as designer covalent probes that can be used to map CB1R allosteric binding domains and inform structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit R Kulkarni
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sumanta Garai
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David R Janero
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Health Sciences Entrepreneurs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
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17
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Ortiz Villamizar MC, Zubkov FI, Puerto Galvis CE, Vargas Méndez LY, Kouznetsov VV. The study of metal-free and palladium-catalysed synthesis of benzochromenes via direct C–H arylation using unactivated aryl benzyl ethers derived from essential oils as raw materials. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 6H-benzo[c]chromenes, from phenol-rich essential oils, was studied through two approaches, establishing the Pd-approach as the most efficient protocol over the metal-free process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Ortiz Villamizar
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Carlos E. Puerto Galvis
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Leonor Y. Vargas Méndez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales para el Desarrollo Sostenible
- Universidad Santo Tomás-Seccional Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
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18
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Kulkarni S, Nikas SP, Sharma R, Jiang S, Paronis CA, Leonard MZ, Zhang B, Honrao C, Mallipeddi S, Raghav JG, Benchama O, Jarbe TUC, Bergman J, Makriyannis A. Novel C-Ring-Hydroxy-Substituted Controlled Deactivation Cannabinergic Analogues. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6903-19. [PMID: 27367336 PMCID: PMC5532543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of safer controlled-deactivation cannabinoids with high potency and short duration of action, we report the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel C9- and C11-hydroxy-substituted hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) analogues in which a seven atom long side chain, with or without 1'-substituents, carries a metabolically labile 2',3'-ester group. Importantly, in vivo studies validated our controlled deactivation approach in rodents and non-human primates. The lead molecule identified here, namely, butyl-2-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-1-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoate (AM7499), was found to exhibit remarkably high in vitro and in vivo potency with shorter duration of action than the currently existing classical cannabinoid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kulkarni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carol A. Paronis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Michael Z. Leonard
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Honrao
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jimit Girish Raghav
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Torbjorn U. C. Jarbe
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jack Bergman
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Bow EW, Rimoldi JM. The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 8:17-39. [PMID: 27398024 PMCID: PMC4927043 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s32171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoids are members of a deceptively simple class of terpenophenolic secondary metabolites isolated from Cannabis sativa highlighted by (-)-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), eliciting distinct pharmacological effects mediated largely by cannabinoid receptor (CB1 or CB2) signaling. Since the initial discovery of THC and related cannabinoids, synthetic and semisynthetic classical cannabinoid analogs have been evaluated to help define receptor binding modes and structure-CB1/CB2 functional activity relationships. This perspective will examine the classical cannabinoids, with particular emphasis on the structure-activity relationship of five regions: C3 side chain, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic A-ring, pyran B-ring, and cyclohexenyl C-ring. Cumulative structure-activity relationship studies to date have helped define the critical structural elements required for potency and selectivity toward CB1 and CB2 and, more importantly, ushered the discovery and development of contemporary nonclassical cannabinoid modulators with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Bow
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - John M. Rimoldi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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20
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Laprairie RB, Kulkarni AR, Kulkarni PM, Hurst DP, Lynch D, Reggio PH, Janero DR, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM, Thakur GA. Mapping Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s): Critical Molecular Determinant and Signaling Profile of GAT100, a Novel, Potent, and Irreversibly Binding Probe. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:776-98. [PMID: 27046127 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in brain, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), is a tractable therapeutic target for treating diverse psychobehavioral and somatic disorders. Adverse on-target effects associated with small-molecule CB1R orthosteric agonists and inverse agonists/antagonists have plagued their translational potential. Allosteric CB1R modulators offer a potentially safer modality through which CB1R signaling may be directed for therapeutic benefit. Rational design of candidate, druglike CB1R allosteric modulators requires greater understanding of the architecture of the CB1R allosteric endodomain(s) and the capacity of CB1R allosteric ligands to tune the receptor's information output. We have recently reported the synthesis of a focused library of rationally designed, covalent analogues of Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1, two prototypic CB1R negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Among the novel, pharmacologically active CB1R NAMs reported, the isothiocyanate GAT100 emerged as the lead by virtue of its exceptional potency in the [(35)S]GTPγS and β-arrestin signaling assays and its ability to label CB1R as a covalent allosteric probe with significantly reduced inverse agonism in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay as compared to Org27569. We report here a comprehensive functional profiling of GAT100 across an array of important downstream cell-signaling pathways and analysis of its potential orthosteric probe-dependence and signaling bias. The results demonstrate that GAT100 is a NAM of the orthosteric CB1R agonist CP55,940 and the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide for β-arrestin1 recruitment, PLCβ3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP accumulation, and CB1R internalization in HEK293A cells overexpressing CB1R and in Neuro2a and STHdh(Q7/Q7) cells endogenously expressing CB1R. Distinctively, GAT100 was a more potent and efficacious CB1R NAM than Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 in all signaling assays and did not exhibit the inverse agonism associated with Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1. Computational docking studies implicate C7.38(382) as a key feature of GAT100 ligand-binding motif. These data help inform the engineering of newer-generation, druggable CB1R allosteric modulators and demonstrate the utility of GAT100 as a covalent probe for mapping structure-function correlates characteristic of the druggable CB1R allosteric space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dow P. Hurst
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Diane Lynch
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | | | - Roger G. Pertwee
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Lesley A. Stevenson
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
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21
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Järbe TUC, LeMay BJ, Thakur GA, Makriyannis A. A high efficacy cannabinergic ligand (AM4054) used as a discriminative stimulus: Generalization to other adamantyl analogs and Δ(9)-THC in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:46-52. [PMID: 27264437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to endogenous lipids, the two main cloned receptors (CB1R and CB2R) of the endocannabinoid signaling system (ECS) can be activated (and blocked) by various exogenous ligands. A relatively novel template for CB1R activators contains an adamantyl moiety as a key structural subunit, the first being the cannabinergic AM411. Additional chemical optimization efforts using the classical tricyclic scaffold led to AM4054. Here we explored the in vivo consequences of novel adamantyl analogs in rats trained to recognize the effects of the potent adamantyl cannabinergic AM4054. Rats were trained to discriminate between AM4054 (0.1mg/kg) and vehicle. Three AM4054 analogs and Δ(9)-THC were tested for generalization (substitution) and antagonism was assessed with rimonabant. We found that all cannabinergics resulted in response generalization to the target stimulus AM4054. The order of potency was: AM4054≥AM4083≥AM4050>AM4089>Δ(9)-THC. The CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant blocked the discriminative stimulus effects of AM4054. Thus the examined structural modifications affected binding affinities but did not markedly change potencies with the exception of AM4089. In vitro (cAMP assay) functional data have suggested that AM4089 behaves as a partial rather than as a full agonist at CB1R which could explain its lower potency compared to AM4054 (Thakur et al., 2013). The 9β-formyl functionality at C-9 position was identified as an important pharmacophore yielding high in vivo potency. Antagonism by rimonabant suggested CB1R mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn U C Järbe
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian J LeMay
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Norseeda K, Tummatorn J, Krajangsri S, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S. Synthesis of 6-Alkyl-6 H-benzo[ c]chromene Derivatives by Cyclization/Selective Ether Cleavage in One Pot: Total Synthesis of Cannabinol. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krissada Norseeda
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT); Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT); Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Suppachai Krajangsri
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT); Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT); Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
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23
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Janero DR, Yaddanapudi S, Zvonok N, Subramanian KV, Shukla VG, Stahl E, Zhou L, Hurst D, Wager-Miller J, Bohn LM, Reggio PH, Mackie K, Makriyannis A. Molecular-interaction and signaling profiles of AM3677, a novel covalent agonist selective for the cannabinoid 1 receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1400-10. [PMID: 25978068 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) is one of the most abundant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the central nervous system. CB1R involvement in multiple physiological processes, especially neurotransmitter release and synaptic function, has made this GPCR a prime drug discovery target, and pharmacological CB1R activation has been demonstrated to be a tenable therapeutic modality. Accordingly, the design and profiling of novel, drug-like CB1R modulators to inform the receptor's ligand-interaction landscape and molecular pharmacology constitute a prime contemporary research focus. For this purpose, we report utilization of AM3677, a designer endocannabinoid (anandamide) analogue derivatized with a reactive electrophilic isothiocyanate functionality, as a covalent, CB1R-selective chemical probe. The data demonstrate that reaction of AM3677 with a cysteine residue in transmembrane helix 6 of human CB1R (hCB1R), C6.47(355), is a key feature of AM3677's ligand-binding motif. Pharmacologically, AM3677 acts as a high-affinity, low-efficacy CB1R agonist that inhibits forskolin-stimulated cellular cAMP formation and stimulates CB1R coupling to G protein. AM3677 also induces CB1R endocytosis and irreversible receptor internalization. Computational docking suggests the importance of discrete hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions as determinants of AM3677's topology within the ligand-binding pocket of active-state hCB1R. These results constitute the initial identification and characterization of a potent, high-affinity, hCB1R-selective covalent agonist with utility as a pharmacologically active, orthosteric-site probe for providing insight into structure-function correlates of ligand-induced CB1R activation and the molecular features of that activation by the native ligand, anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Janero
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Suma Yaddanapudi
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kumar V. Subramanian
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vidyanand G. Shukla
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Edward Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dow Hurst
- Center for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - James Wager-Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Ogawa G, Tius MA, Zhou H, Nikas SP, Halikhedkar A, Mallipeddi S, Makriyannis A. 3'-functionalized adamantyl cannabinoid receptor probes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3104-16. [PMID: 25760146 DOI: 10.1021/jm501960u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aliphatic side chain plays a pivotal role in determining the cannabinergic potency of tricyclic classical cannabinoids, and we have previously shown that this chain could be substituted successfully by adamantyl or other polycyclic groups. In an effort to explore the pharmacophoric features of these conformationally fixed groups, we have synthesized a series of analogues in which the C3 position is substituted directly with an adamantyl group bearing functionality at one of the tertiary carbon atoms. These substituents included the electrophilic isothiocyanate and photoactivatable azido groups, both of which are capable of covalent attachment with the target protein. Our results show that substitution at the 3'-adamantyl position can lead to ligands with improved affinities and CB1/CB2 selectivities. Our work has also led to the development of two successful covalent probes with high affinities for both cannabinoid receptors, namely, the electrophilic isothiocyanate AM994 and the photoactivatable aliphatic azido AM993 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Ogawa
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Marcus A Tius
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Han Zhou
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aneetha Halikhedkar
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,§King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
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Janero DR, Makriyannis A. Terpenes and lipids of the endocannabinoid and transient-receptor-potential-channel biosignaling systems. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1097-106. [PMID: 24866555 DOI: 10.1021/cn5000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocananbnoid-system G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are critical components of cellular biosignaling networks. These plasma-membrane proteins are pleiotropic in their ability to interact with and engage structurally diverse ligands. The endocannabinoid and TRP signaling systems overlap in their recognition properties with respect to select naturally occurring plant-derived ligands that belong to the terpene and lipid chemical classes, the overlap establishing a physiological connectivity between these two ubiquitous cell-signaling systems. Identification and pharmacological profiling of phytochemicals engaged by cannabinoid GPCRs and/or TRP channels has inspired the synthesis of novel designer ligands that interact with cannabinoid receptors and/or TRP channels as xenobiotics. Functional interplay between the endocannabinoid and TRP-channel signaling systems is responsible for the antinocifensive action of some synthetic cananbinoids (WIN55,212-2 and AM1241), vasorelaxation by the endocannabinoid N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), and the pain-relief afforded by the synthetic anandamide analogue N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404), the active metabolite of the widely used nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen (paracetamol). The biological actions of some plant-derived cannabinoid-receptor (e.g., Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) or TRP-channel (e.g,, menthol) ligands either carry abuse potential themselves or promote the use of other addictive substances, suggesting the therapeutic potential for modulating these signaling systems for abuse-related disorders. The pleiotropic nature of and therapeutically relevant interactions between cananbinergic and TRP-channel signaling suggest the possibility of dual-acting ligands as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Janero
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
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Geng ZC, Zhang SY, Li NK, Li N, Chen J, Li HY, Wang XW. Organocatalytic Diversity-Oriented Asymmetric Synthesis of Tricyclic Chroman Derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10772-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501560m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Geng
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nai-Kai Li
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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Makriyannis A. 2012 Division of medicinal chemistry award address. Trekking the cannabinoid road: a personal perspective. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3891-911. [PMID: 24707904 DOI: 10.1021/jm500220s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
My involvement with the field of cannabinoids spans close to 3 decades and covers a major part of my scientific career. It also reflects the robust progress in this initially largely unexplored area of biology. During this period of time, I have witnessed the growth of modern cannabinoid biology, starting from the discovery of its two receptors and followed by the characterization of its endogenous ligands and the identification of the enzyme systems involved in their biosynthesis and biotransformation. I was fortunate enough to start at the beginning of this new era and participate in a number of the new discoveries. It has been a very exciting journey. With coverage of some key aspects of my work during this period of "modern cannabinoid research," this Award Address, in part historical, intends to give an account of how the field grew, the key discoveries, and the most promising directions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Miller RLA, Thakur GA, Stewart WN, Bow JP, Bajaj S, Makriyannis A, McLaughlin PJ. Effects of a novel CB1 agonist on visual attention in male rats: role of strategy and expectancy in task accuracy. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 21:416-25. [PMID: 24099361 PMCID: PMC4006576 DOI: 10.1037/a0033668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cannabinoid CB1 agonists (including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of marijuana) on attention are uncertain, with reports of impairments, no effects, and occasionally performance enhancements. To better understand these effects, we sought to uncover a role of changing online (within-session) strategy as a possible mediator of the effects of the novel, potent CB1 agonist AM 4054, on a model of sustained attention in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In this operant, two-choice reaction time (RT) task, AM 4054 decreased accuracy in an asymmetric manner; that is, performance was spared on one lever but impaired on the other. Furthermore, this pattern was enhanced by the outcome of the previous trial such that AM 4054 strengthened a win-stay strategy on the "preferred" lever and a lose-shift strategy on the "nonpreferred" lever. This pattern is often found in tests of expectancy; therefore, in a second experiment AM 4054 enhanced expectancy that we engendered by altering the probability of the two stimulus cues. Accuracy was impaired in reporting the less frequent cue, but only after two or more presentations of the more frequent cue. Taking the results of the experiments together, AM 4054 engendered expectancy by increasing the role of previous trial location and outcome on performance of future trials, diminishing stimulus control (and therefore, accuracy). This novel effect of CB1 receptor agonism may contribute to the deleterious effects of cannabinoids on attention.
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Paronis CA, Thakur GA, Bajaj S, Nikas SP, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Bergman J. Diuretic effects of cannabinoids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:8-14. [PMID: 23019138 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo effects of cannabinoid (CB) agonists are often assessed using four well-established measures: locomotor activity, hypothermia, cataleptic-like effects, and analgesia. The present studies demonstrate that doses of CB agonists that produce these effects also reliably increase diuresis. Diuretic effects of several CB agonists were measured in female rats over 2 hours immediately after drug injection, and results were compared with hypothermic effects. Direct-acting CB1 agonists, including Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, WIN 55,212 [R-(1)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate], AM2389 [9β-hydroxy-3-(1-hexyl-cyclobut-1-yl)-hexahydrocannabinol], and AM4054 [9β-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-adamantyl)-hexahydrocannabinol], produced dose-dependent increases in diuresis and decreases in colonic temperature, with slightly lower ED(50) values for diuresis than for hypothermia. The highest doses of cannabinoid drugs yielded, on average, 26-32 g/kg urine; comparable effects were obtained with 10 mg/kg furosemide and 3.0 mg/kg trans-(-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide (U50-488). Methanandamide (10.0 mg/kg) had lesser effect than other CB agonists, and the CB2 agonist AM1241 [1-(methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-3-(2-iodo-5-nitrobenzoyl)indole], the anandamide transport inhibitor AM404, and the CB antagonist rimonabant did not have diuretic effects. In further studies, the diuretic effects of the CB1 agonist AM4054 were similar in male and female rats, displayed a relatively rapid onset to action, and were dose-dependently antagonized by 30 minutes pretreatment with rimonabant, but not by the vanilloid receptor type I antagonist capsazepine, nor were the effects of WIN 55,212 antagonized by the CB2 antagonist AM630 [(6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl) methanone)]. These data indicate that cannabinoids have robust diuretic effects in rats that are mediated via CB1 receptor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Paronis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Mailstop 206, 140TF 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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