1
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Contadini C, Cirotti C, Carbone A, Norouzi M, Cianciusi A, Crespan E, Perini C, Maga G, Barilà D, Musumeci F, Schenone S. Identification and Biological Characterization of the Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivative SI388 Active as Src Inhibitor. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:958. [PMID: 37513870 PMCID: PMC10384936 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) whose involvement in cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), has been extensively demonstrated. In this context, we started from our in-house library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines that are active as Src and/or Bcr-Abl TK inhibitors and performed a lead optimization study to discover a new generation derivative that is suitable for Src kinase targeting. We synthesized a library of 19 compounds, 2a-s. Among these, compound 2a (SI388) was identified as the most potent Src inhibitor. Based on the cell-free results, we investigated the effect of SI388 in 2D and 3D GBM cellular models. Interestingly, SI388 significantly inhibits Src kinase, and therefore affects cell viability, tumorigenicity and enhances cancer cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Contadini
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mehrdad Norouzi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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2
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Puri S, Sawant S, Juvale K. A comprehensive review on the indazole based derivatives as targeted anticancer agents. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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3
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Biological Evaluation and In Vitro Characterization of ADME Profile of In-House Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines as Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Active against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020453. [PMID: 36839775 PMCID: PMC9966370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represents one of the successful strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have already been reported as promising small molecules active as c-Src/Abl dual inhibitors. Herein, we present a series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, selected from our in-house library, to identify a promising candidate active against GBM. The inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl was investigated, and the antiproliferative profile against four GBM cell lines was studied. For the most active compounds endowed with antiproliferative efficacy in the low-micromolar range, the effects toward nontumoral, healthy cell lines (fibroblasts FIBRO 2-93 and keratinocytes HaCaT) was investigated. Lastly, the in silico and in vitro ADME properties of all compounds were also assessed. Among the tested compounds, the promising inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl (Ki 3.14 µM and 0.44 µM, respectively), the irreversible, apoptotic-mediated death toward U-87, LN18, LN229, and DBTRG GBM cell lines (IC50 6.8 µM, 10.8 µM, 6.9 µM, and 8.5 µM, respectively), the significant reduction in GBM cell migration, the safe profile toward FIBRO 2-93 and HaCaT healthy cell lines (CC50 91.7 µM and 126.5 µM, respectively), the high metabolic stability, and the excellent passive permeability across gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers led us to select compound 5 for further in vivo assays.
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4
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Di Maria S, Picarazzi F, Mori M, Cianciusi A, Carbone A, Crespan E, Perini C, Sabetta S, Deplano S, Poggialini F, Molinari A, Aronne R, Maccioni E, Maga G, Angelucci A, Schenone S, Musumeci F, Dreassi E. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106071. [PMID: 35932498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK) is the molecular hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Src is another TK kinase whose involvement in CML was widely demonstrated. Small molecules active as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors emerged as effective targeted therapies for CML and a few compounds are currently in clinical use. In this study, we applied a target-oriented approach to identify a family of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors as anti-leukemia agents. Considering the high homology between Src and Bcr-Abl, in-house Src inhibitors 8a-l and new analogue compounds 9a-n were screened as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors. The antiproliferative activity on K562 CML cells and the ADME profile were determined for the most promising compounds. Molecular modeling studies elucidated the binding mode of the inhibitors into the Bcr-Abl (wt) catalytic pocket. Compounds 8j and 8k showed nanomolar activities in enzymatic and cellular assays, together with favorable ADME properties, emerging as promising candidates for CML therapy. Finally, derivatives 9j and 9k, emerging as valuable inhibitors of the most aggressive Bcr-Abl mutation, T315I, constitute a good starting point in the search for compounds able to treat drug-resistant forms of CML. Overall, this study allowed us to identify more potent compounds than those previously reported by the group, marking a step forward in searching for new antileukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Maria
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Sabetta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serenella Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Molinari
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Aronne
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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5
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Monteleone L, Marengo B, Musumeci F, Grossi G, Carbone A, Valenti GE, Domenicotti C, Schenone S. Anti-Survival Effect of SI306 and Its Derivatives on Human Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071399. [PMID: 35890294 PMCID: PMC9318396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain tumor and, although many efforts have been made to find valid therapies, the onset of resistance is the main cause of recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and target the molecular mediators responsible for GBM malignancy. In this context, the use of Src inhibitors such as SI306 (C1) and its prodrug (C2) showed promising results, suggesting that SI306 could be the lead compound useful to derivate new anti-GBM drugs. Therefore, a new prodrug of SI306 (C3) was synthesized and tested on CAS-1 and U87 human GBM cells by comparing its effect to that of C1 and C2. All compounds were more effective on CAS-1 than U87 cells, while C2 was the most active on both cell lines. Moreover, the anti-survival effect was associated with a reduction in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)WT and EGFR-vIII in U87 and CAS-1 cells, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that all tested compounds are able to counteract GBM survival, further supporting the role of SI306 as progenitor of promising new drugs to treat malignant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia E. Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8830
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
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6
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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7
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Rango E, D'Antona L, Iovenitti G, Brai A, Mancini A, Zamperini C, Trivisani CI, Marianelli S, Fallacara AL, Molinari A, Cianciusi A, Schenone S, Perrotti N, Dreassi E, Botta M. Si113-prodrugs selectively activated by plasmin against hepatocellular and ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113653. [PMID: 34161866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Si113, a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, gained more attention as an anticancer agent due to its potent anticancer activity on both in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and ovarian carcinoma models. But the drawback is the low water solubility which prevents its further development. In this context, we successfully overcame this limitation by synthesizing two novel prodrugs introducing the amino acid sequence D-Ala-Leu-Lys (TP). Moreover, TP sequence has a high affinity with plasmin, a protease recognized as overexpressed in many solid cancers, including HCC and ovarian carcinoma. The prodrugs were synthesized and fully characterized in terms of in vitro ADME properties, plasma stability and plasmin-induced release of the parent drug. The inhibitory activity against Sgk1 was evaluated and in vitro growth inhibition was evaluated on ovarian carcinoma and HCC cell lines in the presence and absence of human plasmin. In vivo pharmacokinetic properties and preliminary tissue distribution confirmed a better profile highlighting the importance of the prodrug approach. Finally, the prodrug antitumor efficacy was evaluated in an HCC xenografted murine model, where a significant reduction (around 90%) in tumor growth was observed. Treatment with ProSi113-TP in combination with paclitaxel in a paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma xenografted murine model, resulted in an impressive reduction of tumor volume greater than 95%. Our results revealed a promising activity of Si113 prodrugs and pave the way for their further development against resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Rango
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Antona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università"Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Iovenitti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Immacolata Trivisani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Marianelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Molinari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università"Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
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8
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Greco C, Catania R, Balacco DL, Taresco V, Musumeci F, Alexander C, Huett A, Schenone S. Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225354. [PMID: 33207806 PMCID: PMC7696985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds well-known for their anticancer activity exerted by the inhibition of eukaryotic protein kinases. Recently, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become increasingly attractive for their potential antimicrobial properties. Here, we explored the activity of a library of in-house pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, targeting human protein kinases, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and their interaction with ampicillin and kanamycin, representing important classes of clinically used antibiotics. Our results represent a first step towards the potential application of dual active pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine kinase inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Greco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Rosa Catania
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Dario Leonardo Balacco
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK;
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Alan Huett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.G.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (S.S.)
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9
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Baillache DJ, Unciti-Broceta A. Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1112-1135. [PMID: 33479617 PMCID: PMC7652001 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer. This fused nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an isostere of the adenine ring of ATP, allowing the molecules to mimic hinge region binding interactions in kinase active sites. Similarities in kinase ATP sites can be exploited to direct the activity and selectivity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to multiple oncogenic targets through focussed chemical modification. As a result, pharma and academic efforts have succeeded in progressing several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to clinical trials, including the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, which has been approved for the treatment of several B-cell cancers. In this review, we examine the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines currently in clinical trials for oncology patients, as well as those published in the literature during the last 5 years for different anticancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
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10
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Patel JJ, Morja MI, Chikhalia KH. An efficient synthesis of designed 4‐thiazolidinone fused pyrimidine derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janki J. Patel
- Department of chemistry Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat India
| | - Mayur I. Morja
- Department of chemistry Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat India
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11
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Src Inhibitors Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and Pro-Si306, Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Human Glioblastoma Invasion In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061570. [PMID: 32545852 PMCID: PMC7352231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most aggressive brain tumor, displays a high expression of Src tyrosine kinase, which is involved in the survival, migration, and invasiveness of tumor cells. Thus, Src emerged as a potential target for GBM therapy. The effects of Src inhibitors pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306 were investigated in human GBM cell lines (U87 and U87-TxR) and three primary GBM cell cultures. Primary GBM cells were more resistant to Si306 and pro-Si306 according to the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. However, the ability of all GBM cells to degrade the extracellular matrix was considerably compromised after Si306 and pro-Si306 applications. Besides reducing the phosphorylation of Src and its downstream signaling pathway components, both compounds decreased the phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, showing the potential to suppress the aggressiveness of GBM. In vivo, Si306 and pro-Si306 displayed an anti-invasive effect against U87 xenografts in the zebrafish embryo model. Considering that Si306 and pro-Si306 are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and suppress the spread of GBM cells, we anticipate their clinical testing in the near future. Moreover, the prodrug showed similar efficacy to the drug, implying the rationality of its use in clinical settings.
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12
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Greco C, Taresco V, Pearce AK, Vasey CE, Smith S, Rahman R, Alexander C, Cavanagh RJ, Musumeci F, Schenone S. Development of Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Clinical Candidates for Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:657-663. [PMID: 32435367 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Residual cells at the tumor margin are responsible for up to 85% of GBM recurrences after standard treatment. Despite this evidence, the identification of compounds active on this cell population is still an underexplored field. Herein, starting from the knowledge that kinases are implicated in GBM, we evaluated three in-house pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines active as Src, Fyn, and SGK1 kinase inhibitors against patient derived cell lines from either the invasive region or contrast-enhanced core of GBM. We identified our Src inhibitor, SI306, as a promising lead compound for eradicating invasive GBM cells. Furthermore, aiming at the development of a feasible oral treatment for GBM, we performed a formulation study using 2D inkjet printing to generate soluble polymer-drug dispersions. Overall, this study led to the identification of a set of polymer-formulated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine kinase inhibitors as promising candidates for GBM preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Amanda K. Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Catherine E. Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robert J. Cavanagh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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13
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Molinari A, Iovenitti G, Mancini A, Gravina GL, Chebbi M, Caruana M, Vignaroli G, Orofino F, Rango E, Angelucci A, Dreassi E, Schenone S, Botta M. AuNP Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Nanosystem in Combination with Radiotherapy against Glioblastoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:664-670. [PMID: 32435368 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-conjugated drugs represent a promising and innovative antitumor therapeutic approach. In our study, we describe the design, the synthesis, the preparation, and the characterization of AuNPs conjugated with the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative SI306, a c-Src inhibitor. AuNPs-SI306 showed a good loading efficacy (65%), optimal stability in polar media and in human plasma, and a suitable morphological profile: a ζ-potential of -43.9 mV, a nanoparticle diameter of 48.6 nm, and a 0.441 PDI value. The antitumoral activity of AuNPs-SI306 was evaluated in vitro in the glioblastoma model, by the low-density growth assay, and also in combination with radiotherapy (RT). Results demonstrated that AuNPs had a basal radiosensitization ability and that AuNPs-SI306, when used in combination with RT, were more effective in inhibiting tumor cell growth with respect to AuNPs and free SI306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molinari
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Iovenitti
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Monia Chebbi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Condensed Materials, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maura Caruana
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Orofino
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Rango
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Biolife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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14
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Abstract
Biocompatible and bio-based materials are an appealing resource for the pharmaceutical industry. Poly(glycerol-adipate) (PGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be used to produce self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) able to encapsulate active ingredients, with encouraging perspectives for drug delivery purposes. Starch is a versatile, inexpensive, and abundant polysaccharide that can be effectively applied as a bio-scaffold for other molecules in order to enrich it with new appealing properties. In this work, the combination of PGA NPs and starch films proved to be a suitable biopolymeric matrix carrier for the controlled release preparation of hydrophobic drugs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used to determine the size of drug-loaded PGA NPs, while the improvement of the apparent drug water solubility was assessed by UV-vis spectroscopy. In vitro biological assays were performed against cancer cell lines and bacteria strains to confirm that drug-loaded PGA NPs maintained the effective activity of the therapeutic agents. Dye-conjugated PGA was then exploited to track the NP release profile during the starch/PGA nanocomposite film digestion, which was assessed using digestion models mimicking physiological conditions. The collected data provide a clear indication of the suitability of our biodegradable carrier system for oral drug delivery.
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15
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A New Strategy for Glioblastoma Treatment: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Characterization of Si306, a Pyrazolo[3,4- d]Pyrimidine Dual Src/P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060848. [PMID: 31248184 PMCID: PMC6628362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and other ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells is responsible for the reduction of intracellular drug accumulation, thus decreasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. P-gp is also found at endothelial cells' membrane of the blood-brain barrier, where it limits drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We have previously developed a set of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines and their prodrugs as novel Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showing a significant activity against CNS tumors in in vivo. Here we investigated the interaction of the most promising pair of drug/prodrug with P-gp at the cellular level. The tested compounds were found to increase the intracellular accumulation of Rho 123, and to enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel in P-gp overexpressing cells. Encouraging pharmacokinetics properties and tolerability in vivo were also observed. Our findings revealed a novel role of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines which may be useful for developing a new effective therapy in MDR cancer treatment, particularly against glioblastoma.
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16
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Synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues: Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibition, molecular docking and anticancer evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Sanna M, Sicilia G, Alazzo A, Singh N, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Spriggs KA, Burley JC, Garnett MC, Taresco V, Alexander C. Water Solubility Enhancement of Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives via Miniaturized Polymer-Drug Microarrays. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541359 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A miniaturized assay was optimized to evaluate the enhanced apparent water solubility of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives used extensively as anticancer drug scaffolds. The applied amount of drugs used in the reported strategy ranged from 5 to 10 μg per formulation which were dispensed by an inkjet 2D printer directly into a 96-well plate. The selected polymer/drug formulations with high water solubility demonstrated improved cytotoxicity against a human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (A549) compared to the free drugs. We attribute the enhanced efficacy to the improved apparent-solubility of the drug molecules achieved via this methodology. This novel miniaturized method showed promising results in terms of water solubility improvement of the highly hydrophobic pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, requiring only a few micrograms of each drug per tested polymeric formulation. In addition, the reported experimental evidence may facilitate identification of suitable polymers for combination with drug, leading to investigations on biological properties or mechanisms of action in a single formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sanna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sicilia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ali Alazzo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Keith A. Spriggs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martin C. Garnett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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18
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Evaluation and structure-activity relationship analysis of a new series of 4-imino-5H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5-amines as potential antibacterial agents. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Vignaroli G, Iovenitti G, Zamperini C, Coniglio F, Calandro P, Molinari A, Fallacara AL, Sartucci A, Calgani A, Colecchia D, Mancini A, Festuccia C, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Musumeci F, Chiariello M, Angelucci A, Botta M, Schenone S. Prodrugs of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines: From Library Synthesis to Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Model. J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are potent protein kinase inhibitors with promising antitumor activity but suboptimal aqueous solubility, consequently worth being further optimized. Herein, we present the one-pot two-step procedure for the synthesis of a set of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine prodrugs (1a-8a and 9a-e) with higher aqueous solubility and enhanced pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. ADME studies demonstrated for the most promising prodrugs a better aqueous solubility, a favorable hydrolysis in human and murine serum, and an increased ability to cross cell membranes with respect to the parental drugs, explaining their better 24 h in vitro cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma U87 cell line. Finally, the 4-4a couple of drug/prodrug was also evaluated in vivo, revealing a profitable pharmacokinetic profile of the prodrug associated with a good efficacy. The application of the prodrug approach demonstrated to be a successful strategy for improving aqueous solubility of the parental drugs, determining a positive impact also in their biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l. , via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Iovenitti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l. , via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l. , via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Coniglio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l. , via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Calandro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Molinari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Calgani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell'Aquila , Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - David Colecchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory , Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell'Aquila , Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell'Aquila , Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory , Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell'Aquila , Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l. , via Vittorio Alfieri 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory , Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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20
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Fallacara AL, Mancini A, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Marianelli S, Chiariello M, Pozzi G, Santoro F, Botta M, Schenone S. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation against neuroblastoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3196-3200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Kayastha S, Horvath D, Gilberg E, Gütschow M, Bajorath J, Varnek A. Privileged Structural Motif Detection and Analysis Using Generative Topographic Maps. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1218-1232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilva Kayastha
- Department
of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Laboratoire
de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Dragos Horvath
- Laboratoire
de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Department
of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department
of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratoire
de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
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22
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Musumeci F, Fallacara AL, Brullo C, Grossi G, Botta L, Calandro P, Chiariello M, Kissova M, Crespan E, Maga G, Schenone S. Identification of new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro active against Glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 127:369-378. [PMID: 28076826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, several pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives have been either approved by the US FDA and in other countries for the treatment of different diseases or are currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Herein we present the synthesis and the characterization of a novel series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, compounds 8a-j, and their activity against Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Docking studies and MM-GBSA analysis revealed the ability of such compounds to efficiently interact with the ATP binding site of Src. Enzymatic assays against a mini-panel of kinases (Src, Fyn, EGFR, Kit, Flt3, Abl, AblT315I) have been performed, showing an unexpected selectivity of our pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines for Src. Finally, the derivatives were tested for their antiproliferative potency on U87 GBM cell line. Compound 8h showed a considerable cytotoxicity effect against U87 cell line with an IC50 value of 7.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Calandro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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23
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Laurenzana I, Caivano A, La Rocca F, Trino S, De Luca L, D'Alessio F, Schenone S, Falco G, Botta M, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. A Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Compound Reduces Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis in Different Hematological Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:416. [PMID: 27872592 PMCID: PMC5098387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapies are based upon drugs acting on tumors by interfering with specific targets involved in growth and spread of cancer. Many targeted therapies were approved by Food and Drug Administration as standard treatment, others were introduced into preclinical or clinical studies on hematological malignancies (HMs). The development of drug-resistance in some HMs and the lack of effective treatments in other ones emphasized the need for searching new molecular targets and therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4c pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound, a Src inhibitor, on lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms. Here, we demonstrated its ability to reduce cell viability, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lymphoid cell lines such as Jurkat, SKMM1, Derl-2/7, and myeloid cell lines, such as Jurl-MK1. Moreover, we reported a high expression of a Src kinase, Fyn, in these cell lines compared to healthy subjects. This study was a starting point to investigate 4c pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound as a drug for HMs and Src kinases as its potential molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., CEINGENapoli, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
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El-Moghazy SM, George RF, Osman EEA, Elbatrawy AA, Kissova M, Colombo A, Crespan E, Maga G. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines as dual Src-Abl inhibitors active against mutant form of Abl and the leukemia K-562 cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Opening the door to the development of novel Abl kinase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2143-2165. [PMID: 27774798 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the importance of kinase activity and its relationship to the emergence and proliferation of cancer cells, due to changes in normal physiology, opened a remarkable pathway for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia through intense search of drug candidates. Six Abl kinase inhibitors have received the US FDA approval as chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment, and continuous efforts in obtaining new, more effective and selective molecules are being carried out. Herein we discuss the mechanisms of Abl inhibition, structural features and ligand/protein interactions that are important for the design of new Abl kinase inhibitors. This review provides a broad overview of binding mode predictions, through molecular docking, which can be an approach to discover novel Abl kinase inhibitors.
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26
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Radi M, Schneider R, Fallacara AL, Botta L, Crespan E, Tintori C, Maga G, Kissova M, Calgani A, Richters A, Musumeci F, Rauh D, Schenone S. A cascade screening approach for the identification of Bcr-Abl myristate pocket binders active against wild type and T315I mutant. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3436-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Lamie PF. RETRACTED: Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and kinase inhibitory activity of substituted 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3093-3097. [PMID: 27189674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
This article has been retracted at the request of the author who confirmed that the purity of some of the described compounds is below acceptable standards and thus the biochemical results reported in the paper have no validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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28
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Indovina P, Casini N, Forte IM, Garofano T, Cesari D, Iannuzzi CA, Del Porro L, Pentimalli F, Napoliello L, Boffo S, Schenone S, Botta M, Giordano A. SRC Family Kinase Inhibition in Ewing Sarcoma Cells Induces p38 MAP Kinase-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Reduces Cell Migration. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:129-35. [PMID: 27037775 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue cancer, representing the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Although the development of a multimodal therapy, including both local control (surgery and/or radiation) and systemic multidrug chemotherapy, has determined a significant improvement in survival, patients with metastatic and recurrent disease still face a poor prognosis. Moreover, considering that ES primarily affects young patients, there are concerns about long-term adverse effects of the therapy. Therefore, more rational strategies, targeting specific molecular alterations underlying ES, are required. Recent studies suggest that SRC family kinases (SFKs), which are aberrantly activated in most cancer types, could represent key therapeutic targets also for ES. Here, we challenged ES cell lines with a recently developed selective SFK inhibitor (a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, called SI221), which was previously shown to be a valuable proapoptotic agent in other tumor types while not affecting normal cells. We observed that SI221 significantly reduced ES cell viability and proved to be more effective than the well-known SFK inhibitor PP2. SI221 was able to induce apoptosis in ES cells and also reduced ES cell clonogenic potential. Furthermore, SI221 was also able to reduce ES cell migration. At the molecular level, our data suggest that SFK inhibition through SI221 could reduce ES cell viability at least in part by hindering an SFK-NOTCH1 receptor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis. Overall, our study suggests a potential application of specific SFK inhibition in ES therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 129-135, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy. .,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Nadia Casini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Iris Maria Forte
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Cesari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Carmelina Antonella Iannuzzi
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Del Porro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Napoliello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Maurizio Botta
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Koroleva EV, Ignatovich ZI, Sinyutich YV, Gusak KN. Aminopyrimidine derivatives as protein kinases inhibitors. Molecular design, synthesis, and biologic activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Casini N, Forte IM, Mastrogiovanni G, Pentimalli F, Angelucci A, Festuccia C, Tomei V, Ceccherini E, Di Marzo D, Schenone S, Botta M, Giordano A, Indovina P. SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibition reduces rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo and triggers p38 MAP kinase-mediated differentiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12421-35. [PMID: 25762618 PMCID: PMC4494948 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that SRC family kinases (SFKs) could represent potential therapeutic targets for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. Here, we assessed the effect of a recently developed selective SFK inhibitor (a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, called SI221) on RMS cell lines. SI221, which showed to be mainly effective against the SFK member YES, significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis, without affecting non-tumor cells, such as primary human skin fibroblasts and differentiated C2C12 cells. Moreover, SI221 decreased in vitro cell migration and invasion and reduced tumor growth in a RMS xenograft model. SFK inhibition also induced muscle differentiation in RMS cells by affecting the NOTCH3 receptor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis, which regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Overall, our findings suggest that SFK inhibition, besides reducing RMS cell growth and invasive potential, could also represent a differentiation therapeutic strategy for RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Casini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Iris Maria Forte
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomei
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Ceccherini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Marzo
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy.,Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Paola Indovina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
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31
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Improvement of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines pharmacokinetic properties: nanosystem approaches for drug delivery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21509. [PMID: 26898318 PMCID: PMC4761914 DOI: 10.1038/srep21509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are a class of compounds with a good activity against several cancer cell lines. Despite the promising anticancer activity, these molecules showed a poor aqueous solubility. This issue could threat the future development of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as clinical drug candidates. With the aim of improving their solubility profile and consequently their pharmacokinetic properties, we have chosen four compounds (1–4) on the base of their anti-neuroblastoma activity and we have developed albumin nanoparticles and liposomes for the selected candidates. Albumin nanoparticles and liposomes were prepared and characterized regarding size and ζ-potential distribution, polidispersity index, entrapment efficiency and activity against SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The most promising nanosystem, namely LP-2, was chosen to perform further studies: confocal microscopy, stability and drug release in physiological conditions, and biodistribution. Altogether, the obtained data strongly indicate that the encapsulation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in liposomes represent an effective method to overcome the poor water solubility.
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32
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Ceccherini E, Indovina P, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Casini N, Cutaia O, Forte IM, Pentimalli F, Esposito L, Polito MS, Schenone S, Botta M, Giordano A. SRC family kinase inhibition through a new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a feasible approach for glioblastoma treatment. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:856-63. [PMID: 25521525 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. The current standard of care for GB consists of surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy combined with temozolomide chemotherapy. However, despite this intensive treatment, the prognosis remains extremely poor. Therefore, more effective therapies are urgently required. Recent studies indicate that SRC family kinases (SFKs) could represent promising molecular targets for GB therapy. Here, we challenged four GB cell lines with a new selective pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative SFK inhibitor, called SI221. This compound exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on GB cells, without significantly affecting non-tumor cells (primary human skin fibroblasts), as evaluated by MTS assay. We also observed that SI221 was more effective than the well-known SFK inhibitor PP2 in GB cells. Notably, despite the high intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of GB cells, SI221 was able to induce this cell death process in all the GB cell lines, as observed through cytofluorimetric analysis and caspase-3 assay. SI221 also exerted a long-term inhibition of GB cell growth and was able to reduce GB cell migration, as shown by clonogenic assay and scratch test, respectively. Moreover, through in vitro pharmacokinetic assays, SI221 proved to have a high metabolic stability and a good potential to cross the blood brain barrier, which is an essential requirement for a drug intended to treat brain tumors. Therefore, despite the need of developing strategies to improve SI221 solubility, our results suggest a potential application of this selective SFK inhibitor in GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ceccherini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
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33
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Shan Y, Dong J, Pan X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wang M. Expanding the structural diversity of Bcr-Abl inhibitors: Dibenzoylpiperazin incorporated with 1H-indazol-3-amine. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 104:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Tintori C, La Sala G, Vignaroli G, Botta L, Fallacara AL, Falchi F, Radi M, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Dello Iacono L, Orioli D, Biamonti G, Garbelli M, Lossani A, Gasparrini F, Tuccinardi T, Laurenzana I, Angelucci A, Maga G, Schenone S, Brullo C, Musumeci F, Desogus A, Crespan E, Botta M. Studies on the ATP Binding Site of Fyn Kinase for the Identification of New Inhibitors and Their Evaluation as Potential Agents against Tauopathies and Tumors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4590-609. [PMID: 25923950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fyn is a member of the Src-family of nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases. Its abnormal activity has been shown to be related to various human cancers as well as to severe pathologies, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Herein, a structure-based drug design protocol was employed aimed at identifying novel Fyn inhibitors. Two hits from commercial sources (1, 2) were found active against Fyn with K(i) of about 2 μM, while derivative 4a, derived from our internal library, showed a K(i) of 0.9 μM. A hit-to-lead optimization effort was then initiated on derivative 4a to improve its potency. Slightly modifications rapidly determine an increase in the binding affinity, with the best inhibitors 4c and 4d having K(i)s of 70 and 95 nM, respectively. Both compounds were found able to inhibit the phosphorylation of the protein Tau in an Alzheimer's model cell line and showed antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tintori
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Sala
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vignaroli
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.,‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Falchi
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Dello Iacono
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirko Garbelli
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lossani
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Gasparrini
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,∥Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- ⊥Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- #Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Basilicata (CROB), Via Padre Pio 1, Rionero in Vulture 85028 Potenza Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- ∇Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- ○Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- ○Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- ○Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Desogus
- ○Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- §Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- †Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.,◆Biotechnology College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Biolife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Vignaroli G, Mencarelli M, Sementa D, Crespan E, Kissova M, Maga G, Schenone S, Radi M, Botta M. Exploring the chemical space around the privileged pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: toward novel allosteric inhibitors of T315I-mutated Abl. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:168-75. [PMID: 24597676 DOI: 10.1021/co500004e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, endowed with a high level of molecular diversity, has been developed applying a synthetic sequence that allowed C3, N1, C4, and C6 substitution. The enzymatic screening of this "privileged scaffold"-based compound collection, validated the use of a diversity-oriented approach in a field characteristically explored by target-oriented synthesis. In fact, several compounds showed high activity against the selected kinases (i.e., Src, Abl wt, and T315I mutated-form), furthermore and interestingly a new compound has emerged as an allosteric inhibitor of the T315I mutated-form of Abl, opening up new opportunities for the development of a novel class of noncompetitive inhibitors of Abl (T315I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Mencarelli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle
Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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36
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2-Aminothiazolones as anti-HIV agents that act as gp120-CD4 inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3043-52. [PMID: 24614386 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02739-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of 2-aminothiazolones along with their biological properties as novel anti-HIV agents. Such compounds have proven to act through the inhibition of the gp120-CD4 protein-protein interaction that occurs at the very early stage of the HIV-1 entry process. No cytotoxicity was found for these compounds, and broad antiviral activities against laboratory strains and pseudotyped viruses were documented. Docking simulations have also been applied to predict the mechanism, at the molecular level, by which the inhibitors were able to interact within the Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 gp120. Furthermore, a preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation was performed. Overall, this study led the basis for the development of more potent HIV entry inhibitors.
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37
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Sartini S, Coviello V, Bruno A, La Pietra V, Marinelli L, Simorini F, Taliani S, Salerno S, Marini AM, Fioravanti A, Orlandi P, Antonelli A, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, Bocci G, La Motta C. Structure-Based Optimization of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor CLM3. Design, Synthesis, Functional Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1225-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vito Coviello
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Bruno
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Simorini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Fioravanti
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Orlandi
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Bocci
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via T.
Alderotti 26N, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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