1
|
Mangiatordi GF, Cavalluzzi MM, Delre P, Lamanna G, Lumuscio MC, Saviano M, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Duranti A, Lentini G. Endocannabinoid Degradation Enzyme Inhibitors as Potential Antipsychotics: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020469. [PMID: 36831006 PMCID: PMC9953700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a very important role in numerous physiological and pharmacological processes, such as those related to the central nervous system (CNS), including learning, memory, emotional processing, as well pain control, inflammatory and immune response, and as a biomarker in certain psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, the half-life of the natural ligands responsible for these effects is very short. This perspective describes the potential role of the inhibitors of the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), which are mainly responsible for the degradation of endogenous ligands in psychic disorders and related pathologies. The examination was carried out considering both the impact that the classical exogenous ligands such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and (-)-trans-cannabidiol (CBD) have on the ECS and through an analysis focused on the possibility of predicting the potential toxicity of the inhibitors before they are subjected to clinical studies. In particular, cardiotoxicity (hERG liability), probably the worst early adverse reaction studied during clinical studies focused on acute toxicity, was predicted, and some of the most used and robust metrics available were considered to select which of the analyzed compounds could be repositioned as possible oral antipsychotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamanna
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lumuscio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Université de Caen, 14032 Caen, France
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG (Molecular Materials Research Group), Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0722-303501
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grillo A, Fezza F, Chemi G, Colangeli R, Brogi S, Fazio D, Federico S, Papa A, Relitti N, Di Maio R, Giorgi G, Lamponi S, Valoti M, Gorelli B, Saponara S, Benedusi M, Pecorelli A, Minetti P, Valacchi G, Butini S, Campiani G, Gemma S, Maccarrone M, Di Giovanni G. Selective Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors as Potential Novel Antiepileptic Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1716-1736. [PMID: 33890763 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy, and current antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in many patients. The endocannabinoid system has been associated with an on-demand protective response to seizures. Blocking endocannabinoid catabolism would elicit antiepileptic effects, devoid of psychotropic effects. We herein report the discovery of selective anandamide catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors with promising antiepileptic efficacy, starting from a further investigation of our prototypical inhibitor 2a. When tested in two rodent models of epilepsy, 2a reduced the severity of the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and the elongation of the hippocampal maximal dentate activation. Notably, 2a did not affect hippocampal dentate gyrus long-term synaptic plasticity. These data prompted our further endeavor aiming at discovering new antiepileptic agents, developing a new set of FAAH inhibitors (3a-m). Biological studies highlighted 3h and 3m as the best performing analogues to be further investigated. In cell-based studies, using a neuroblastoma cell line, 3h and 3m could reduce the oxinflammation state by decreasing DNA-binding activity of NF-kB p65, devoid of cytotoxic effect. Unwanted cardiac effects were excluded for 3h (Langendorff perfused rat heart). Finally, the new analogue 3h reduced the severity of the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus as observed for 2a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00121 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Colangeli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Fazio
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, 28081 North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, 28081 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 02447 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fotio Y, Palese F, Guaman Tipan P, Ahmed F, Piomelli D. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3024-3035. [PMID: 32077093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced tolerance in male and female mice by administering twice-daily morphine for 7 days while monitoring nociceptive thresholds by the tail immersion test. The globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 and 3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) or the peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) were administered daily 30 min prior to morphine, alone or in combination with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), or the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (4 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). Spinal levels of FAAH-regulated lipids were quantified by LC/MS-MS. Gene transcription was assessed by RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS URB597 prevented and reversed morphine tolerance in both male and female mice. This effect was mimicked by genetic FAAH deletion, but not by URB937. Treatment with AM630 suppressed, whereas treatment with AM251 or GW6471, attenuated the effects of URB597. Anandamide mobilization was enhanced in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant mice. mRNA levels of the anandamide-producing enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine PLD (NAPE-PLD) and the palmitoylethanolamide receptor PPAR-α, but not those for CB2 , CB1 receptors or FAAH, were elevated in spinal cord CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: FAAH-regulated lipid signalling in the CNS modulated opiate tolerance, suggesting FAAH as a potential target for opiate-sparing medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pablo Guaman Tipan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tripathi RKP. A perspective review on fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111953. [PMID: 31945644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an important enzyme creditworthy of hydrolyzing endocannabinoids and related-amidated signalling lipids, discovery of which has pioneered novel arena of pharmacological canvasses to unwrap its curative potency in various diseased circumstances. It presents contemporary basis for understanding molecules regulating and mediating inflammatory reactions, pain, anxiety, depression, and neurodegeneration. FAAH inhibitors form vital approach for discovery of therapeutic agents that are concerned with local elevation of endocannabinoids under certain stimuli, debarring adverse/unwanted secondary effects from global activation of cannabinoid receptors by exogenous cannabimimetics. During past decades, several molecules with excellent potency developed through tailor-made approaches entered into clinical trials, but none could reach market. Hence, hunt for novel, non-toxic and selective FAAH inhibitors are on horizon. This review summarizes present perception on FAAH in conjunction with its structure, mechanism of catalysis and biological functions. It also foregrounds recent development of molecules belonging to diverse chemical classes as potential FAAH inhibitors bobbing up from in-depth chemical, mechanistic and computational studies published since 2015-November 2019, focusing on their potency. This review will assist readers to obtain rationale on FAAH as potential target for addressing various disease conditions, acquiring significant knowledge on recently established inhibitor scaffolds and their development potentials. New technologies including MD-MM simulations and 3D-QSAR studies allow mechanistic characterization of enzyme. Assessment of in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of existing FAAH inhibitors will facilitate researchers to design novel ligands utilizing modern drug design methods. The discussions will also impose precaution in decision making process, quashing possibility of late stage failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sushruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, 788011, India; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cramer S, Johnson J, Ngo T, El‐Alfy AT, Stec J. Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System via Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) by Novel Urea and Carbamate Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cramer
- Chicago State UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago Illinois 60628 United States
| | - Jacklyn Johnson
- Chicago State UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago Illinois 60628 United States
| | - Thanh Ngo
- Chicago State UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago Illinois 60628 United States
| | - Abir T. El‐Alfy
- Chicago State UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago Illinois 60628 United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin School of PharmacyDepartment of Biopharmaceutical Sciences 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee Wisconsin 53226 United States
| | - Jozef Stec
- Chicago State UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago Illinois 60628 United States
- Marshall B. Ketchum UniversityCollege of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2575 Yorba Linda Blvd., Fullerton California 82831 United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vozella V, Ahmed F, Choobchian P, Merrill CB, Zibardi C, Tarzia G, Mor M, Duranti A, Tontini A, Rivara S, Piomelli D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety studies on URB937, a peripherally restricted fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1762-1773. [PMID: 31579946 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES URB937, a peripheral fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, exerts profound analgesic effects in animal models. We examined, in rats, (1) the pharmacokinetic profile of oral URB937; (2) the compound's ability to elevate levels of the representative FAAH substrate, oleoylethanolamide (OEA); and (3) the compound's tolerability after oral administration. METHODS We developed a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method to measure URB937 and used a pre-existing LC/MS-MS assay to quantify OEA. FAAH activity was measured using a radioactive substrate. The tolerability of single or repeated (once daily for 2 weeks) oral administration of supramaximal doses of URB937 (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) was assessed by monitoring food intake, water intake and body weight, followed by post-mortem evaluation of organ structure. KEY FINDINGS URB937 was orally available in male rats (F = 36%), but remained undetectable in brain when administered at doses that maximally inhibit FAAH activity and elevate OEA in plasma and liver. Acute and subchronic treatment with high doses of URB937 was well-tolerated and resulted in FAAH inhibition in brain. CONCLUSIONS Pain remains a major unmet medical need. The favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of URB937, along with its tolerability, encourage further development studies on this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vozella
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paoula Choobchian
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Collin B Merrill
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zibardi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Tontini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhuniya D, Kharul RK, Hajare A, Shaikh N, Bhosale S, Balwe S, Begum F, De S, Athavankar S, Joshi D, Madgula V, Joshi K, Raje AA, Meru AV, Magdum A, Mookhtiar KA, Barbhaiya R. Discovery and evaluation of novel FAAH inhibitors in neuropathic pain model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Kodani SD, Wan D, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Design and Potency of Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14076-14086. [PMID: 30411058 PMCID: PMC6210075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is responsible for regulating concentrations of the endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide. Multiple FAAH inhibitors have been developed for clinical trials and have failed to demonstrate efficacy at treating pain, despite promising preclinical data. One approach toward increasing the efficacy of FAAH inhibitors is to concurrently inhibit other targets responsible for regulating pain. Here, we designed dual inhibitors targeting the enzymes FAAH and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which are targets previously shown to synergize at reducing inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Exploration of the sEH/FAAH inhibitor structure-activity relationship started with PF-750, a FAAH inhibitor (IC50 = 19 nM) that weakly inhibited sEH (IC50 = 640 nM). Potency was optimized resulting in an inhibitor with improved potency on both targets (11, sEH IC50 = 5 nM, FAAH IC50 = 8 nM). This inhibitor demonstrated good target selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties (AUC = 1200 h nM, t 1/2 = 4.9 h in mice), and in vivo target engagement.
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of multi-target inhibitors of leukotriene and prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by structural tuning of the FLAP inhibitor BRP-7. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:876-899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Kodani SD, Bhakta S, Hwang SH, Pakhomova S, Newcomer ME, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Identification and optimization of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with dual potency towards fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:762-768. [PMID: 29366648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors have become increasing popular as a means to leverage the advantages of poly-pharmacology while simplifying drug delivery. Here, we describe dual inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), two targets known to synergize when treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The structure activity relationship (SAR) study described herein initially started with t-TUCB (trans-4-[4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-l-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid), a potent sEH inhibitor that was previously shown to weakly inhibit FAAH. Inhibitors with a 6-fold increase of FAAH potency while maintaining high sEH potency were developed by optimization. Interestingly, compared to most FAAH inhibitors that inhibit through time-dependent covalent modification, t-TUCB and related compounds appear to inhibit FAAH through a time-independent, competitive mechanism. These inhibitors are selective for FAAH over other serine hydrolases. In addition, FAAH inhibition by t-TUCB appears to be higher in human FAAH over other species; however, the new dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors have improved cross-species potency. These dual inhibitors may be useful for future studies in understanding the therapeutic application of dual sEH/FAAH inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Saavan Bhakta
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Russo EB, Marcu J. Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:67-134. [PMID: 28826544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The golden age of cannabis pharmacology began in the 1960s as Raphael Mechoulam and his colleagues in Israel isolated and synthesized cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and other phytocannabinoids. Initially, THC garnered most research interest with sporadic attention to cannabidiol, which has only rekindled in the last 15 years through a demonstration of its remarkably versatile pharmacology and synergy with THC. Gradually a cognizance of the potential of other phytocannabinoids has developed. Contemporaneous assessment of cannabis pharmacology must be even far more inclusive. Medical and recreational consumers alike have long believed in unique attributes of certain cannabis chemovars despite their similarity in cannabinoid profiles. This has focused additional research on the pharmacological contributions of mono- and sesquiterpenoids to the effects of cannabis flower preparations. Investigation reveals these aromatic compounds to contribute modulatory and therapeutic roles in the cannabis entourage far beyond expectations considering their modest concentrations in the plant. Synergistic relationships of the terpenoids to cannabinoids will be highlighted and include many complementary roles to boost therapeutic efficacy in treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and numerous other areas. Additional parts of the cannabis plant provide a wide and distinct variety of other compounds of pharmacological interest, including the triterpenoid friedelin from the roots, canniprene from the fan leaves, cannabisin from seed coats, and cannflavin A from seed sprouts. This chapter will explore the unique attributes of these agents and demonstrate how cannabis may yet fulfil its potential as Mechoulam's professed "pharmacological treasure trove."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahan Marcu
- Americans for Safe Access, Patient Focused Certification, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Simone A, Russo D, Ruda GF, Micoli A, Ferraro M, Di Martino RMC, Ottonello G, Summa M, Armirotti A, Bandiera T, Cavalli A, Bottegoni G. Design, Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) Modeling of a Series of O-Biphenyl Carbamates as Dual Modulators of Dopamine D3 Receptor and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2287-2304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Viani F, Rossi B, Panzeri W, Merlini L, Martorana AM, Polissi A, Galante YM. Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of a library of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) derivatives amenable of crosslinking to polysaccharides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Qiu Y, Ren J, Ke H, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Yang L, Lu C, Li Y. Design and synthesis of uracil urea derivatives as potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the key enzymes involved in the biological degradation of endocannabinoids, especially anandamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Medical College
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Medical College
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials
- Haixi Institutes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
- College of Ocean and Earth Science
| | - Yang Zhang
- Medical College
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- Medical College
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization
- Third Institute of Oceanography
- State Oceanic Administration
- Xiamen 361102
- P. R. China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials
- Haixi Institutes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Medical College
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Falchi F, Bertozzi SM, Ottonello G, Ruda GF, Colombano G, Fiorelli C, Martucci C, Bertorelli R, Scarpelli R, Cavalli A, Bandiera T, Armirotti A. Kernel-Based, Partial Least Squares Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship Model for UPLC Retention Time Prediction: A Useful Tool for Metabolite Identification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9510-9517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Falchi
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Colombano
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorelli
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Cataldo Martucci
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Scarpelli
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Drug
Discovery and Development Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Primary Cortical Input to Hippocampus Expresses a Pathway-Specific and Endocannabinoid-Dependent Form of Long-Term Potentiation. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0160-16. [PMID: 27517090 PMCID: PMC4976302 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0160-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), a key modulator of synaptic transmission in mammalian brain, is produced in dendritic spines and then crosses the synaptic junction to depress neurotransmitter release. Here we report that 2-AG-dependent retrograde signaling also mediates an enduring enhancement of glutamate release, as assessed with independent tests, in the lateral perforant path (LPP), one of two cortical inputs to the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Induction of this form of long-term potentiation (LTP) involved two types of glutamate receptors, changes in postsynaptic calcium, and the postsynaptic enzyme that synthesizes 2-AG. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy confirmed that CB1 cannabinoid receptors are localized presynaptically to LPP terminals, while the inhibition or knockout of the receptors eliminated LPP-LTP. Suppressing the enzyme that degrades 2-AG dramatically enhanced LPP potentiation, while overexpressing it produced the opposite effect. Priming with a CB1 agonist markedly reduced the threshold for LTP. Latrunculin A, which prevents actin polymerization, blocked LPP-LTP when applied extracellularly but had no effect when infused postsynaptically into granule cells, indicating that critical actin remodeling resides in the presynaptic compartment. Importantly, there was no evidence for the LPP form of potentiation in the Schaffer-commissural innervation of field CA1 or in the medial perforant path. Peripheral injections of compounds that block or enhance LPP-LTP had corresponding effects on the formation of long-term memory for cues conveyed to the dentate gyrus by the LPP. Together, these results indicate that the encoding of information carried by a principal hippocampal afferent involves an unusual, regionally differentiated form of plasticity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Moreno-Sanz G. Can You Pass the Acid Test? Critical Review and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:124-130. [PMID: 28861488 PMCID: PMC5549534 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) is the acidic precursor of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound found in Cannabis sativa. THCA-A is biosynthesized and accumulated in glandular trichomes present on flowers and leaves, where it serves protective functions and can represent up to 90% of the total THC contained in the plant. THCA-A slowly decarboxylates to form THC during storage and fermentation and can further degrade to cannabinol. Decarboxylation also occurs rapidly during baking of edibles, smoking, or vaporizing, the most common ways in which the general population consumes Cannabis. Contrary to THC, THCA-A does not elicit psychoactive effects in humans and, perhaps for this reason, its pharmacological value is often neglected. In fact, many studies use the term “THCA” to refer indistinctly to several acid derivatives of THC. Despite this perception, many in vitro studies seem to indicate that THCA-A interacts with a number of molecular targets and displays a robust pharmacological profile that includes potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antineoplastic properties. Moreover, the few in vivo studies performed with THCA-A indicate that this compound exerts pharmacological actions in rodents, likely by engaging type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Although these findings may seem counterintuitive due to the lack of cannabinoid-related psychoactivity, a careful perusal of the available literature yields a plausible explanation to this conundrum and points toward novel therapeutic perspectives for raw, unheated Cannabis preparations in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno-Sanz
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shinohara H, Sonoda M, Hayagane N, Kita S, Tanimori S, Ogawa A. Silica gel-promoted convenient synthesis of 2-bromo-3-hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
19
|
Moreno-Sanz G, Barrera B, Armirotti A, Bertozzi SM, Scarpelli R, Bandiera T, Prieto JG, Duranti A, Tarzia G, Merino G, Piomelli D. Structural determinants of peripheral O-arylcarbamate FAAH inhibitors render them dual substrates for Abcb1 and Abcg2 and restrict their access to the brain. Pharmacol Res 2014; 87:87-93. [PMID: 24993496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main entry route for chemicals into the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Two transmembrane transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family - breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2 in humans, Abcg2 in rodents) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 in humans, Abcb1 in rodents) - play a key role in mediating this process. Pharmacological and genetic evidence suggests that Abcg2 prevents CNS access to a group of highly potent and selective O-arylcarbamate fatty-acid amidohydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, which include the compound URB937 (cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3'-carbamoyl-6-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl ester). To define structure-activity relationships of the interaction of these molecules with Abcg2, in the present study we tested various peripherally restricted and non-restricted O-arylcarbamate FAAH inhibitors for their ability to serve as transport substrates in monolayer cultures of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-II (MDCKII) cells over-expressing Abcg2. Surprisingly, we found that the majority of compounds tested - even those able to enter the CNS in vivo - were substrates for Abcg2 in vitro. Additional experiments in MDCKII cells overexpressing ABCB1 revealed that only those compounds that were dual substrates for ABCB1 and Abcg2 in vitro were also peripherally restricted in vivo. The extent of such restriction seems to depend upon other physicochemical features of the compounds, in particular the polar surface area. Consistent with these in vitro results, we found that URB937 readily enters the brain in dual knockout mice lacking both Abcg2 and Abcb1, whereas it is either partially or completely excluded from the brain of mice lacking either transporter alone. The results suggest that Abcg2 and Abcb1 act together to restrict the access of URB937 to the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno-Sanz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine 92697-4621, USA
| | - Borja Barrera
- INDEGSAL, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sine M Bertozzi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Scarpelli
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Julio G Prieto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gracia Merino
- INDEGSAL, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine 92697-4621, USA; Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|