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El Baraka Y, Hamdoun G, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S. Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for C-H Activation and Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4651. [PMID: 37375204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this brief overview, we discuss the potential of DESs as a greener alternative to volatile organic solvents for cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions in organic chemistry. DESs offer numerous benefits, such as easy preparation, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and the potential to replace volatile organic compounds. The ability of DESs to recover the catalyst-solvent system enhances their sustainability. This review highlights recent advances and challenges in utilizing DESs as a reaction media, as well as the impact of physicochemical properties on the reaction process. Several types of reactions are studied to highlight their effectiveness at promoting C-C bond formation. Aside from demonstrating the success of DESs in this context, this review also discusses the limitations and future prospects of DESs in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Baraka
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
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2
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Fiore M, Mosconi M, Bonì F, Parodi A, Salis A, Tasso B, Mastrangelo E, Millo E, Cossu F. New Class of Benzodiazepinone Derivatives as Pro-Death Agents Targeting BIR Domains in Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010446. [PMID: 36615638 PMCID: PMC9823934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are validated targets for cancer therapy, and the deregulation of their activities within the NF-κB pathway correlates with chemoresistance events, even after treatment with IAPs-antagonists in the clinic (Smac-mimetics). The molecule FC2 was identified as a NF-κB pathway modulator in MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma cancer cells after virtual screening of the Chembridge library against the Baculoviral IAP Repeat 1 (BIR1) domain of cIAP2 and XIAP. An improved cytotoxic effect is observed when FC2 is combined with Smac-mimetics or with the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF). Here, we propose a library of 22 derivatives of FC2, whose scaffold was rationally modified starting from the position identified as R1. The cytotoxic effect of FC2 derivatives was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 and binding to the cIAP2- and XIAP-BIR1 domains was assessed in fluorescence-based techniques and virtual docking. Among 22 derivatives, 4m and 4p display improved efficacy/potency in MDA-MB-231 cells and low micromolar binding affinity vs the target proteins. Two additional candidates (4b and 4u) display promising cytotoxic effects in combination with TNF, suggesting the connection between this class of molecules and the NF-κB pathway. These results provide the rationale for further FC2 modifications and the design of novel IAP-targeting candidates supporting known therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- National Research Council (IBF-CNR) Genoa Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Mosconi
- National Research Council (IBF-CNR) Milan Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonì
- National Research Council (IBF-CNR) Milan Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Parodi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- National Research Council (IBF-CNR) Milan Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-010-335-3032 (E.M.); +39-0250314890 (F.C.)
| | - Federica Cossu
- National Research Council (IBF-CNR) Milan Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-010-335-3032 (E.M.); +39-0250314890 (F.C.)
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3
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Kan XM, Zhu J, Li PH, Wu ZC, Yang PJ. Cu(II)-catalyzed regioselective ring-opening of N-tosylazetidines with phenols. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Blaquiere N, Villemure E, Staben ST. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibiting RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7957-7985. [PMID: 32142281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) presents many opportunities for pharmacological intervention. Key players in the UPS are E3 ubiquitin ligases, responsible for conjugation of ubiquitin to specific cognate substrates. Numbering more than 600 members, these ligases represent the most selective way to intervene within this physiologically important system. This Perspective highlights some of the dedicated medicinal chemistry efforts directed at inhibiting the function of specific single-protein and multicomponent RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases. We present opportunities and challenges associated with targeting this important class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Blaquiere
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elisia Villemure
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T Staben
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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5
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Thiyagamurthy P, Khan FRN. A Base‐Free Pd‐Precatalyst Mediated Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Thiyagamurthy
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences (SAS),Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences (SAS),Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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6
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Yang D, Wang H, Fan Z, Li Z, Zhou S, Hao Z, Lv Y, Kalinina TA, Glukhareva TV. Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of (E)-3-acyl-5-(methoxyimino)-1,5-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(3H)-one analogues. Mol Divers 2020; 25:159-169. [PMID: 31965437 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen- or oxygen-containing organic compounds which have significant antifungal activity, twenty one novel nitrogen or oxygen-containing (E)-3-acyl-5-(methoxyimino)-1,5-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(3H)-one analogues were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Preliminary bioassay showed that most of them exhibited certain-to-good antifungal activity. Compounds 5k-2, 5n, 5p and 5r exhibited over 80% inhibitory rate against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 50 μg/mL, and 5r exhibited good antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum with EC50 of 7.21 μg/mL. Compounds 5a and 5r also showed over 90% inhibition against Botrytis cinerea. In particular, 5r showed significant higher activity with the lowest EC50 of 7.92 μg/mL than the positive control trifloxystrobin (21.96 μg/mL) and azoxystrobin (9.43 μg/mL). Providing a practical method for the synthesis of new scaffolds 1,2-Benzoxazepinone and systematically investigate their antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zesheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - You Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tatiana A Kalinina
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002.
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7
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Xu H, Tang Z, Zuo Y, Xiong F, Chen K, Jiang H, Luo C, Zhang H. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed the intrinsic conformational change of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:975-984. [PMID: 30843765 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1591303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are important regulators of apoptosis, and protein targets for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP1) is an important member of IAPs. Peptides or small-molecular antagonists can induce the dimerization, auto-ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP1). While in the absence of antagonists, several mutations of the cIAP1 protein also lead to its dimerization and auto-ubiquitination. Even though the crystal structure of cIAP1 protein has been determined, the intrinsic mechanism of its dimerization remains unexplored. Accumulating evidence indicated that intrinsic conformational change existed during the binding of antagonists with cIAP1 protein, or introduction of mutations. To reveal this intrinsic conformational change, molecular dynamics simulations at microsecond scale were applied for the wild-type and mutant-type cIAP1 proteins. Compared to the crystal structure, significant conformational change was observed during the simulations, which could explain the importance of previously identified key mutations. To validate these findings revealed by our simulations, a new mutation D303A was constructed and the following native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) assay observed a proportion of spontaneous dimerization, in comparison with the wild-type control. Taken together, these computational and experimental results revealed the intrinsic conformational change of cIAP1, which could not only explain previously identified key mutations, but also be exploited for further design and development of anti-tumor compounds that target the cIAP1 protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengmin Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Targeting the BIR Domains of Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) Proteins in Cancer Treatment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:142-150. [PMID: 30766663 PMCID: PMC6360406 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are characterized by the presence of the conserved baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain that is involved in protein-protein interactions. IAPs were initially thought to be mainly responsible for caspase inhibition, acting as negative regulators of apoptosis, but later works have shown that IAPs also control a plethora of other different cellular pathways. As X-linked IAP (XIAP), and other IAP, levels are often deregulated in cancer cells and have been shown to correlate with patients' prognosis, several approaches have been pursued to inhibit their activity in order to restore apoptosis. Many small molecules have been designed to target the BIR domains, the vast majority being inspired by the N-terminal tetrapeptide of Second Mitochondria-derived Activator of Caspases/Direct IAp Binding with Low pI (Smac/Diablo), which is the natural XIAP antagonist. These compounds are therefore usually referred to as Smac mimetics (SMs). Despite the fact that SMs were intended to specifically target XIAP, it has been shown that they also interact with cellular IAP-1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2, promoting their proteasome-dependent degradation. SMs have been tested in combination with several cytotoxic compounds and are now considered promising immune modulators which can be exploited in cancer therapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of the structural hot-spots of BIRs, focusing on their fold and on the peculiar structural patches which characterize the diverse BIRs. These structures are exploited/exploitable for the development of specific and active IAP inhibitors.
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9
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Cong H, Xu L, Wu Y, Qu Z, Bian T, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) Antagonists in Anticancer Agent Discovery: Current Status and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5750-5772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Design of Potent pan-IAP and Lys-Covalent XIAP Selective Inhibitors Using a Thermodynamics Driven Approach. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6350-6363. [PMID: 29940121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently we reported that rapid determination of enthalpy of binding can be achieved for a large number of congeneric agents or in combinatorial libraries fairly efficiently. We show that using a thermodynamic Craig plot can be very useful in dissecting the enthalpy and entropy contribution of different substituents on a common scaffold, in order to design potent, selective, or pan-active compounds. In our implementation, the approach identified a critical Lys residue in the BIR3 domain of XIAP. We report for the first time that it is possible to target such residue covalently to attain potent and selective agents. Preliminary cellular studies in various models of leukemia, multiple myeloma, and pancreatic cancers suggest that the derived agents possess a potentially intriguing pattern of activity, especially for cell lines that are resistant to the pan-IAP antagonist and clinical candidate LCL161.
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11
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Disruption of XIAP-RIP2 Association Blocks NOD2-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling. Mol Cell 2018; 69:551-565.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Zhou W, Nie XD, Zhang Y, Si CM, Zhou Z, Sun X, Wei BG. A practical approach to asymmetric synthesis of dolastatin 10. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6119-6131. [PMID: 28682414 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dolastatin 10, an antineoplastic agent for cancer chemotherapy, is a linear peptide possessing N,N-dimethyl Val-OH, l-valine, (3R,4S,5S)-dolaisoleucine, (2R,3R,4S)-dolaproine and (S)-dolaphenine. Our efficient synthesis includes the following three key features: (1) SmI2-induced cross-coupling was employed to couple aldehyde 11 with (S)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine 12 to generate the required stereocenters of Dap (7); (2) asymmetric addition of chiral N-sulfinyl imine 10 provided a straightforward approach to the synthesis of the protected Doe ((S,S)-8); (3) a practical method to the key subunit Val-Dil (24a) has been established as an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of this challenging chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Di Nie
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Energy, Xiangan campus of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Synthesis of ( S )-3-amino-benzo[ b ][1,4]oxazepin-4-one via Mitsunobu and S N Ar reaction for a first-in-class RIP1 kinase inhibitor GSK2982772 in clinical trials. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Yang D, Wan C, He M, Che C, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and fungicidal activity of ( E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[ e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1 H)-one analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1007-1014. [PMID: 30108816 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical method of four-step synthesis towards novel (E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one antifungals is presented, where a commercially available pesticide and pharmacology intermediate, (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate (1), was used as starting material. These compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure. Via in vitro fungicidal evaluation, the moderate to high activities of several compounds against eight phytopathogenic fungi were demonstrated. Especially, the fungicidal activities of compounds 5-03 and 5-09 were comparable to those of the controls azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin in precise virulence measurements for four fungi. These results suggested that dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one analogues could be considered as potential fungicidal candidates for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Yang
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuan Wan
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - MengMeng He
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
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15
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Scott DE, Bayly AR, Abell C, Skidmore J. Small molecules, big targets: drug discovery faces the protein–protein interaction challenge. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:533-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Ulmer A, Brunner C, Arnold AM, Pöthig A, Gulder T. A Fluorination/Aryl Migration/Cyclization Cascade for the Metal-Free Synthesis of Fluoro-Benzoxazepines. Chemistry 2015; 22:3660-4. [PMID: 26641801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated organic molecules are of high interest for many applications across chemical and medical disciplines. Efficient methods for the synthesis of such compounds are thus needed. Within this work, application of the bench-stable cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) fluoro reagent 1 facilitated the development of an efficient, metal-free method for the preparation of the novel class of 4-fluoro-1,3-benzoxazepines starting from readily available styrenes. The efficacy and broad applicability of this concept is demonstrated by the synthesis of 20 structurally diverse congeners in high yields, regio-, and diastereoselectivities. The presented method provides complementary chemoselectivity when compared to the common, commercially available electrophilic fluorination reagents, such as selectfluor. First mechanistic investigations with isotopically labeled substrates reveal a complex reaction mechanism, proceeding via an unusual fluorination/1,2-aryl migration/cyclization cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulmer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Brunner
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas M Arnold
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
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Chaudhary AK, Yadav N, Bhat TA, O'Malley J, Kumar S, Chandra D. A potential role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and its implication in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:38-47. [PMID: 26232549 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) has an important regulatory role in programmed cell death by inhibiting the caspase cascade. Activation of XIAP-dependent signaling culminates into regulation of multiple cellular processes including apoptosis, innate immunity, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, invasion, metastasis and differentiation. Although XIAP localizes to the cytosolic compartment, XIAP-mediated cellular signaling encompasses mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial levels. Recent findings demonstrate that XIAP also localizes to mitochondria and regulates mitochondria functions. XIAP acts upstream of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and modulates caspase-dependent apoptosis. The new function of XIAP has potential to enhance mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and other cellular functions controlling cytochrome c release. These findings could exploit the overexpression of XIAP in human tumors for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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18
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Hird AW, Aquila BM, Hennessy EJ, Vasbinder MM, Yang B. Small molecule inhibitor of apoptosis proteins antagonists: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:755-74. [PMID: 25980951 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1041922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) plays a key role in the suppression of proapoptotic signaling; hence, a small molecule that disrupts the binding of IAPs with their functional partner should restore apoptotic response to proapoptotic stimuli in cells. The continued publication of new patent applications of IAP antagonists over the past 4 years is a testament to the continued interest surrounding the IAP family of proteins. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the IAP antagonist patent literature from 2010 to 2014. Monovalent and bivalent Smac mimetics will be covered as well as two new developments in the field: IAP antagonists coupled to or merged with other targeted agents and new BIR2 selective IAP antagonists. EXPERT OPINION In addition to the well-explored scaffolds for monovalent and bivalent Smac-mimetics, some companies have taken more drastic approaches to explore new chemical space - for example, fragment-based approaches and macrocyclic inhibitors. Furthermore, other companies have designed compounds with alternative biological profiles - tethering to known kinase binding structures, trying to target to the mitochondria or introducing selective binding to the BIR2 domain. An overview of the status for the four small molecule IAP antagonists being evaluated in active human clinical trials is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Hird
- AstraZeneca, Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology iMed , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451 , USA +1 781 839 4145 ;
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19
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Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) play a critical role in the regulation of cellular apoptosis and cytokine signaling. IAP family members include XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, NAIP, survivin, Apollon/Bruce, ML-IAP/livin and TIAP. The IAPs have been targeted using both antisense oligonucleotides and small molecule inhibitors. Several research teams have advanced compounds that bind the highly conserved BIR3 domains of the IAPs into clinical trials, as single agents and in combination with standard of care. This patent review highlights the medicinal chemistry strategies that have been applied to the development of clinical compounds.
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20
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Petiot P, Dansereau J, Hébert M, Khene I, Ahmad T, Samaali S, Leroy M, Pinsonneault F, Legault CY, Gagnon A. Copper-catalyzed O-arylation of N-protected 1,2-aminoalcohols using functionalized trivalent organobismuth reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1322-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The O-arylation of 1,2-aminoalcohols using functionalized triarylbismuth reagents is reported.
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21
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Chiranjeevi B, Vinayak B, Parsharamulu T, PhaniBabu VS, Jagadeesh B, Sridhar B, Chandrasekharam M. Iron(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization:ortho-Benzoyloxylation ofN,N-Dialkylanilines and Its Application to 1,4-Benzoxazepines. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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El Khatib M, Molander GA. Copper(II)-mediated O-arylation of protected serines and threonines. Org Lett 2014; 16:4944-7. [PMID: 25208062 PMCID: PMC4168772 DOI: 10.1021/ol5024689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An effective protocol toward the O-arylation of β-hydroxy-α-amino acid substrates serine and threonine has been developed via Chan-Lam cross-coupling. This Cu(II)-catalyzed transformation involves benign open-flask conditions that are well-tolerated with a variety of protected (Boc-, Cbz-, Tr-, and Fmoc-) serine and threonine derivatives and various potassium organotrifluoroborates and boronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna El Khatib
- Roy and
Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and
Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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23
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The use of spirocyclic scaffolds in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3673-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Kester RF, Donnell AF, Lou Y, Remiszewski SW, Lombardo LJ, Chen S, Le NT, Lo J, Moliterni JA, Han X, Hogg JH, Liang W, Michoud C, Rupert KC, Mischke S, Le K, Weisel M, Janson CA, Lukacs CM, Fretland AJ, Hong K, Polonskaia A, Gao L, Li S, Solis DS, Aguilar D, Tardell C, Dvorozniak M, Tannu S, Lee EC, Schutt AD, Goggin B. Optimization of benzodiazepinones as selective inhibitors of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) second baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR2) domain. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7788-803. [PMID: 24093940 DOI: 10.1021/jm400732v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The IAPs are key regulators of the apoptotic pathways and are commonly overexpressed in many cancer cells. IAPs contain one to three BIR domains that are crucial for their inhibitory function. The pro-survival properties of XIAP come from binding of the BIR domains to the pro-apoptotic caspases. The BIR3 domain of XIAP binds and inhibits caspase 9, while the BIR2 domain binds and inhibits the terminal caspases 3 and 7. While XIAP BIR3 inhibitors have previously been reported, they also inhibit cIAP1/2 and promote the release of TNFα, potentially limiting their therapeutic utility. This paper will focus on the optimization of selective XIAP BIR2 inhibitors leading to the discovery of highly potent benzodiazepinone 36 (IC50 = 45 nM), which has high levels of selectivity over XIAP BIR3 and cIAP1 BIR2/3 and shows efficacy in a xenograft pharmacodynamic model monitoring caspase activity while not promoting the release of TNFα in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Kester
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry, ‡Discovery Technologies, §Non-clinical Safety, Early ADME, and ∥Discovery Oncology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. , 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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