1
|
Hashemi SF, Khorramdelazad H. The cryptic role of CXCL17/CXCR8 axis in the pathogenesis of cancers: a review of the latest evidence. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:409-422. [PMID: 36352331 PMCID: PMC10409701 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are immune system mediators that mediate various activities and play a role in the pathogenesis of several cancers. Among these chemokines, C-X-C motif chemokine 17 (CXCL-17) is a relatively novel molecule produced along the airway epithelium in physiological and pathological conditions, and evidence shows that it plays a homeostatic role in most cases. CXCL17 has a protective role in some cancers and a pathological role in others, such as liver and lung cancer. This chemokine, along with its possible receptor termed G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) or CXCR8, are involved in recruiting myeloid cells, regulating angiogenesis, defending against pathogenic microorganisms, and numerous other mechanisms. Considering the few studies that have been performed on the dual role of CXCL17 in human malignancies, this review has investigated the possible pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles of this chemokine, as well as future treatment options in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Im DS. Recent advances in GPR35 pharmacology; 5-HIAA serotonin metabolite becomes a ligand. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01449-y. [PMID: 37227682 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
GPR35, an orphan receptor, has been waiting for its ligand since its cloning in 1998. Many endogenous and exogenous molecules have been suggested to act as agonists of GPR35 including kynurenic acid, zaprinast, lysophosphatidic acid, and CXCL17. However, complex and controversial responses to ligands among species have become a huge hurdle in the development of therapeutics in addition to the orphan state. Recently, a serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), is reported to be a high potency ligand for GPR35 by investigating the increased expression of GPR35 in neutrophils. In addition, a transgenic knock-in mouse line is developed, in which GPR35 was replaced with a human ortholog, making it possible not only to overcome the different selectivity of agonists among species but also to conduct therapeutic experiments on human GPR35 in mouse models. In the present article, I review the recent advances and prospective therapeutic directions in GPR35 research. Especially, I'd like to draw attention of readers to the finding of 5-HIAA as a ligand of GPR35 and lead to apply the 5-HIAA and human GPR35 knock-in mice to their research fields in a variety of pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02446, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei L, Xiang K, Kang H, Yu Y, Fan H, Zhou H, Hou T, Ge Y, Wang J, Guo Z, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Liang X. Development and Characterization of Fluorescent Probes for the G Protein-Coupled Receptor 35. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:411-416. [PMID: 37077394 PMCID: PMC10107913 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is a potential target for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. Although many GPR35 agonists have been discovered, research on functional GPR35 ligands, such as fluorescent probes, is still limited. Herein, we developed a series of GPR35 fluorescent probes by conjugating a BODIPY fluorophore to DQDA, a known GPR35 agonist. All probes exhibited excellent GPR35 agonistic activity and desired spectroscopic properties, as determined by the DMR assay, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based saturation, and kinetic binding experiments. Notably, compound 15 showed the highest binding potency and the weakest nonspecific BRET binding signal (K d = 3.9 nM). A BRET-based competition binding assay with 15 was also established and used to determine the binding constants and kinetics of unlabeled GPR35 ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Kaijing Xiang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjian Kang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yancheng Yu
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yonglin Ge
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
- Jiangxi
Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solvent effects on the luminescent properties based on bis(hydroxy-naphthoic acid): Syntheses, crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Insights into divalent cation regulation and G 13-coupling of orphan receptor GPR35. Cell Discov 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 36543774 PMCID: PMC9772185 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous ions play important roles in the function and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with limited atomic evidence. In addition, compared with G protein subtypes Gs, Gi/o, and Gq/11, insufficient structural evidence is accessible to understand the coupling mechanism of G12/13 protein by GPCRs. Orphan receptor GPR35, which is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and is closely related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), stands out as a prototypical receptor for investigating ionic modulation and G13 coupling. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of G13-coupled GPR35 bound to an anti-allergic drug, lodoxamide. This structure reveals a novel divalent cation coordination site and a unique ionic regulatory mode of GPR35 and also presents a highly positively charged binding pocket and the complementary electrostatic ligand recognition mode, which explain the promiscuity of acidic ligand binding by GPR35. Structural comparison of the GPR35-G13 complex with other G protein subtypes-coupled GPCRs reveals a notable movement of the C-terminus of α5 helix of the Gα13 subunit towards the receptor core and the least outward displacement of the cytoplasmic end of GPR35 TM6. A featured 'methionine pocket' contributes to the G13 coupling by GPR35. Together, our findings provide a structural basis for divalent cation modulation, ligand recognition, and subsequent G13 protein coupling of GPR35 and offer a new opportunity for designing GPR35-targeted drugs for the treatment of IBDs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ortega JT, McKee AG, Roushar FJ, Penn WD, Schlebach JP, Jastrzebska B. Chromenone derivatives as novel pharmacological chaperones for retinitis pigmentosa-linked rod opsin mutants. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3439-3457. [PMID: 35642742 PMCID: PMC9558842 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct expression of folded, functional rhodopsin (Rho) is critical for visual perception. However, this seven-transmembrane helical G protein-coupled receptor is prone to mutations with pathological consequences of retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) due to Rho misfolding. Pharmacological chaperones that stabilize the inherited Rho variants by assisting their folding and membrane targeting could slow the progression of RP. In this study, we employed virtual screening of synthetic compounds with a natural product scaffold in conjunction with in vitro and in vivo evaluations to discover a novel chromenone-containing small molecule with favorable pharmacological properties that stabilize rod opsin. This compound reversibly binds to unliganded bovine rod opsin with an EC50 value comparable to the 9-cis-retinal chromophore analog and partially rescued membrane trafficking of multiple RP-related rod opsin variants in vitro. Importantly, this novel ligand of rod opsin was effective in vivo in murine models, protecting photoreceptors from deterioration caused by either bright light or genetic insult. Together, our current study suggests potential broad therapeutic implications of the new chromenone-containing non-retinoid small molecule against retinal diseases associated with photoreceptor degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew G McKee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Francis J Roushar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Wesley D Penn
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schlebach
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441064965, USA. Tel: +1 2163685683; Fax: +1 2163681300; (Beata Jastrzebska); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA. Tel: +1 812-855-6779; Fax: +1 812-855-8300; (Jonathan P. Schlebach)
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441064965, USA. Tel: +1 2163685683; Fax: +1 2163681300; (Beata Jastrzebska); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA. Tel: +1 812-855-6779; Fax: +1 812-855-8300; (Jonathan P. Schlebach)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin LC, Quon T, Engberg S, Mackenzie AE, Tobin AB, Milligan G. G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR35 Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1835-1848. [PMID: 34927014 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although prevalent, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is not currently treated effectively with medicines. Initially, using wild-type and genome-edited clones of the human hepatocyte cell line HepG2, we show that activation of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 is both able and sufficient to block liver X-receptor-mediated lipid accumulation. Studies on hepatocytes isolated from both wild-type and GPR35 knock-out mice were consistent with a similar effect of GPR35 agonists in these cells, but because of marked differences in the pharmacology of GPR35 agonists and antagonists at the mouse and human orthologues, as well as elevated basal lipid levels in hepatocytes from the GPR35 knock-out mice, no definitive conclusion could be reached. To overcome this, we generated and characterized a transgenic knock-in mouse line in which the corresponding human GPR35 splice variant replaced the mouse orthologue. In hepatocytes from these humanized GPR35 mice, activation of this receptor was shown conclusively to prevent, and also reverse, lipid accumulation induced by liver X-receptor stimulation. These studies highlight the potential to target GPR35 in the context of fatty liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chiung Lin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tezz Quon
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Engberg
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amanda E Mackenzie
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quon T, Lin LC, Ganguly A, Tobin AB, Milligan G. Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges in Targeting the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR35. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:801-812. [PMID: 33073184 PMCID: PMC7551713 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR35 is a class A, rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) first identified more than 20 years ago. In the intervening period, identification of strong expression in the lower intestine and colon, in a variety of immune cells including monocytes and a variety of dendritic cells, and in dorsal root ganglia has suggested potential therapeutic opportunities in targeting this receptor in a range of conditions. GPR35 is, however, unusual in a variety of ways that challenge routes to translation. These include the following: (i) Although a substantial range and diversity of endogenous ligands have been suggested as agonist partners for this receptor, it officially remains defined as an "orphan" GPCR. (ii) Humans express two distinct protein isoform sequences, while rodents express only a single form. (iii) The pharmacologies of the human and rodent orthologues of GPR35 are very distinct, with variation between rat and mouse GPR35 being as marked as that between either of these species and the human forms. Herein we provide perspectives on each of the topics above as well as suggesting ways to overcome the challenges currently hindering potential translation. These include a better understanding of the extent and molecular basis for species selective GPR35 pharmacology and the production of novel mouse models in which both "on-target" and "off-target" effects of presumptive GPR35 ligands can be better defined, as well as a clear understanding of the human isoform expression profile and its significance at both tissue and individual cell levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tezz Quon
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Li-Chiung Lin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Köse M, Pillaiyar T, Namasivayam V, De Filippo E, Sylvester K, Ulven T, von Kügelgen I, Müller CE. An Agonist Radioligand for the Proinflammatory Lipid-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR84 Providing Structural Insights. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2391-2410. [PMID: 31721581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR84 is expressed on immune cells mediating proinflammatory and immunostimulatory effects. In this study, we prepared the fully efficacious, nonbiased GPR84 agonist 6-hexylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (6) in tritium-labeled form ([3H]PSB-1584) by hydrogenation of a hexenyl-substituted precursor with tritium gas. The radioligand was characterized by kinetic, saturation, and competition assays using membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells recombinantly expressing the human GPR84. [3H]6 reversibly labeled the receptor with high affinity (KD 2.08 nM). Structurally diverse orthosteric and allosteric ligands, including newly designed and synthesized compounds, were studied in competition binding assays. A homology model of GPR84 was generated to perform docking studies rationalizing the experimental data. The radioligand was additionally used for labeling GPR84 in native cells and tissues. [3H]6 constitutes the first GPR84 agonist radioligand representing a powerful tool for this poorly investigated GPCR, which has potential as a future drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabetta De Filippo
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivar von Kügelgen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharma Center Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim MJ, Park SJ, Nam SY, Im DS. Lodoxamide Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice: Involvement of GPR35. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 28:92-97. [PMID: 31189299 PMCID: PMC6939691 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous pharmacogenomic analysis identified cromolyn, an anti-allergic drug, as an effective anti-fibrotic agent that acts on hepatocytes and stellate cells. Furthermore, cromolyn was shown to be a G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonist. However, it has not been studied whether anti-fibrotic effects are mediated by GPR35. Therefore, in this study, the role of GPR35 in hepatic fibrosis was investigated through the use of lodoxamide, another anti-allergic drug and a potent GPR35 agonist. Long-term treatment with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis, which was inhibited by treatment with lodoxamide. Furthermore, CID2745687, a specific GPR35 antagonist, reversed lodoxamide-mediated anti-fibrotic effects. In addition, lodoxamide treatment showed significant effects on the mRNA expression of collagen Iα1, collagen Iα2, and TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix. However, a transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) shedding assay revealed lodoxamide not to be a potent agonist of mouse GPR35 in vitro. Therefore, these results showed anti-fibrotic effects of lodoxamide in mice and raise concerns how lodoxamide protects against liver fibrosis in vivo and whether GPR35 is involved in the action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bueschbell B, Barreto CAV, Preto AJ, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. A Complete Assessment of Dopamine Receptor- Ligand Interactions through Computational Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:E1196. [PMID: 30934701 PMCID: PMC6479630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selectively targeting dopamine receptors (DRs) has been a persistent challenge in the last years for the development of new treatments to combat the large variety of diseases involving these receptors. Although, several drugs have been successfully brought to market, the subtype-specific binding mode on a molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dynamics were applied to construct robust conformational models of all dopamine receptor subtypes (D₁-like and D₂-like). Fifteen structurally diverse ligands were docked. Contacts at the binding pocket were fully described in order to reveal new structural findings responsible for selective binding to DR subtypes. Results: Residues of the aromatic microdomain were shown to be responsible for the majority of ligand interactions established to all DRs. Hydrophobic contacts involved a huge network of conserved and non-conserved residues between three transmembrane domains (TMs), TM2-TM3-TM7. Hydrogen bonds were mostly mediated by the serine microdomain. TM1 and TM2 residues were main contributors for the coupling of large ligands. Some amino acid groups form electrostatic interactions of particular importance for D₁R-like selective ligands binding. Conclusions: This in silico approach was successful in showing known receptor-ligand interactions as well as in determining unique combinations of interactions, which will support mutagenesis studies to improve the design of subtype-specific ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carlos A V Barreto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - António J Preto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Protective effect of lodoxamide on hepatic steatosis through GPR35. Cell Signal 2019; 53:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Wei L, Hou T, Lu C, Wang J, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Feng J, Li J, Qu L, Piao HL, Liang X. SAR Studies of N-[2-(1 H-Tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide Derivatives as Potent G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:422-427. [PMID: 29795753 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor-35 (GPR35) has emerged as a potential target in the treatment of pain and inflammatory and metabolic diseases. We have discovered a series of potent GPR35 agonists based on a coumarin scaffold and found that the introduction of a 1H-tetrazol-5-yl group significantly increased their potency. We designed and synthesized a new series of N-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide derivatives through a two-step synthetic approach, and characterized their agonistic activities against GPR35 using a dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay. N-(5-bromo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide (56) and N-(5-bromo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-fluoro-4-methoxybenzamide (63) displayed the highest agonistic potency agonist GPR35 with an EC50 of 0.059 μM and 0.041 μM, respectively. The physicochemical properties of selected compounds were calculated to evaluate their druglikeness, suggesting that compounds 56 and 63 have good druglike properties. Together, N-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide derivatives are potentially great candidates for developing potent GPR35 agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ye Fang
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiatao Feng
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lala Qu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-long Piao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park S, Lee S, Nam S, Im D. GPR35 mediates lodoxamide-induced migration inhibitory response but not CXCL17-induced migration stimulatory response in THP-1 cells; is GPR35 a receptor for CXCL17? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:154-161. [PMID: 29068046 PMCID: PMC5740256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE GPR35 has long been considered an orphan GPCR, because no endogenous ligand of GPR35 has been discovered. CXCL17 (a chemokine) has been reported to be an endogenous ligand of GPR35, and it has even been suggested that it be called CXCR8. However, at present there is no supporting evidence that CXCL17 does interact with GPR35. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We applied two assay systems to explore the relationship between CXCL17 and GPR35. An AP-TGF-α shedding assay in GPR35 over-expressing HEK293 cells was used as a gain-of-function assay. GPR35 knock-down by siRNA transfection was performed in endogenously GPR35-expressing THP-1 cells. KEY RESULTS In the AP-TGF-α shedding assay, lodoxamide, a well-known synthetic GPR35 agonist, was confirmed to be the most potent agonist among other reported agonists. However, neither human nor mouse CXCL17 had an effect on GPR35. Consistent with previous findings, G proteins Gαi/o and Gα12/13 were found to couple with GPR35. Furthermore, lodoxamide-induced activation of GPR35 was concentration-dependently inhibited by CID2745687 (a selective GPR35 antagonist). In endogenously GPR35-expressing THP-1 cells, lodoxamide concentration-dependently inhibited migration and this inhibitory effect was blocked by CID2745687 treatment or GPR35 siRNA transfection. However, even though CXCL17 stimulated the migration of THP-1 cells, which is consistent with a previous report, this stimulatory effect of CXCL17 was not blocked by CID2745687 or GPR35 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that GPR35 functions as a migration inhibitory receptor, but CXCL17-stimulated migration of THP-1 cells is not dependent on GPR35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo‐Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Seung‐Jin Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - So‐Yeon Nam
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Dong‐Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Milligan G. G protein-coupled receptors not currently in the spotlight: free fatty acid receptor 2 and GPR35. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2543-2553. [PMID: 28940377 PMCID: PMC6003633 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely appreciated that G protein‐coupled receptors have been the most successfully exploited class of targets for the development of small molecule medicines. Despite this, to date, less than 15% of the non‐olfactory G protein‐coupled receptors in the human genome are the targets of a clinically used medicine. In many cases, this is likely to reflect a lack of understanding of the basic underpinning biology of many G protein‐coupled receptors that are not currently in the spotlight, as well as a paucity of pharmacological tool compounds and appropriate animal models to test in vivo function of such G protein‐coupled receptors in both normal physiology and in the context of disease. ‘Open Innovation’ arrangements, in which pharmaceutical companies and public–private partnerships provide wider access to tool compounds identified from ligand screening programmes, alongside enhanced medicinal chemistry support to convert such screening ‘hits’ into useful ‘tool’ compounds will provide important routes to improved understanding. However, in parallel, novel approaches to define and fully appreciate the selectivity and mode of action of such tool compounds, as well as better understanding of potential species orthologue variability in the pharmacology and/or signalling profile of a wide range of currently poorly understood and understudied G protein‐coupled receptors, will be vital to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of this large target class. I consider these themes using as exemplars two G protein‐coupled receptors, free fatty acid receptor 2 and GPR35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
De Filippo E, Manga P, Schiedel AC. Identification of Novel G Protein-Coupled Receptor 143 Ligands as Pharmacologic Tools for Investigating X-Linked Ocular Albinism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632878 PMCID: PMC5482243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose GPR143 regulates melanosome biogenesis and organelle size in pigment cells. The mechanisms underlying receptor function remain unclear. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are excellent pharmacologic targets; thus, we developed and applied a screening approach to identify potential GPR143 ligands and chemical modulators. Methods GPR143 interacts with β-arrestin; we therefore established a β-arrestin recruitment assay to screen for compounds that modulate activity. Because GPR143 is localized intracellularly, screening with the wild-type receptor would be restricted to agents absorbed by the cell. For the screen we used a mutant receptor, which shows similar basal activity as the wild type but traffics to the plasma membrane. We tested two compound libraries and investigated validated hits for their effects on melanocyte pigmentation. Results GPR143, which showed high constitutive activity in the β-arrestin assay, was inhibited by several compounds. The three validated inhibitors (pimozide, niclosamide, and ethacridine lactate) were assessed for impact on melanocytes. Pigmentation and expression of tyrosinase, a key melanogenic enzyme, were reduced by all compounds. Because GPR143 appears to be constitutively active, these compounds may turn off its activity. Conclusions X-linked ocular albinism type I, characterized by developmental eye defects, results from GPR143 mutations. Identifying pharmacologic agents that modulate GPR143 activity will contribute significantly to our understanding of its function and provide novel tools with which to study GPCRs in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium. Pimozide, one of three GPR143 inhibitors identified in this study, maybe be a good lead structure for development of more potent compounds and provide a platform for design of novel therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu H, Liu C, Dai X, Wang J, Qiu J. Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes-catalyzed aerobic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids induced by visible-light. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Pillaiyar T, Köse M, Sylvester K, Weighardt H, Thimm D, Borges G, Förster I, von Kügelgen I, Müller CE. Diindolylmethane Derivatives: Potent Agonists of the Immunostimulatory Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR84. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3636-3655. [PMID: 28406627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gi protein-coupled receptor GPR84, which is activated by (hydroxy)fatty acids, is highly expressed on immune cells. Recently, 3,3'-diindolylmethane was identified as a heterocyclic, nonlipid-like GPR84 agonist. We synthesized a broad range of diindolylmethane derivatives by condensation of indoles with formaldehyde in water under microwave irradiation. The products were evaluated at the human GPR84 in cAMP and β-arrestin assays. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were steep. 3,3'-Diindolylmethanes bearing small lipophilic residues at the 5- and/or 7-position of the indole rings displayed the highest activity in cAMP assays, the most potent agonists being di(5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (38, PSB-15160, EC50 80.0 nM) and di(5,7-difluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (57, PSB-16671, EC50 41.3 nM). In β-arrestin assays, SARs were different, indicating biased agonism. The new compounds were selective versus related fatty acid receptors and the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Selected compounds were further investigated and found to display an ago-allosteric mechanism of action and increased stability in comparison to the lead structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immunology and Environment, University of Bonn , Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gleice Borges
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immunology and Environment, University of Bonn , Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivar von Kügelgen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn , 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mackenzie AE, Milligan G. The emerging pharmacology and function of GPR35 in the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:661-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Wei L, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang P, Zhao Y, Li J, Hou T, Qu L, Shi L, Liang X, Fang Y. Discovery of 2H-Chromen-2-one Derivatives as G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 60:362-372. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation
Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lala Qu
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liying Shi
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation
Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ye Fang
- Biochemical
Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang D, Li J, Li Y, Wang B, Cheng P, Luo S. Novel and potent Lewis acid catalyst: Br2-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reactions of naphthols with aldehydes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1139723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Baoling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
D-Luciferin (also known as beetle or firefly luciferin) is one of the most widely used bioluminescent reporters for monitoring in vitro or in vivo luciferase activity. The identification of several natural phenols and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as agonists for GPR35, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, had motivated us to examine the pharmacological activity of D-Luciferin, given that it also contains phenol and carboxylic acid moieties. Here, we describe label-free cell phenotypic assays that ascertain D-Luciferin as a partial agonist for GPR35. The agonistic activity of D-Luciferin at the GPR35 shall evoke careful interpretation of biological data when D-Luciferin or its analogues are used as probes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Divorty N, Mackenzie AE, Nicklin SA, Milligan G. G protein-coupled receptor 35: an emerging target in inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 25805994 PMCID: PMC4354270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is an orphan receptor, discovered in 1998, that has garnered interest as a potential therapeutic target through its association with a range of diseases. However, a lack of pharmacological tools and the absence of convincingly defined endogenous ligands have hampered the understanding of function necessary to exploit it therapeutically. Although several endogenous molecules can activate GPR35 none has yet been confirmed as the key endogenous ligand due to reasons that include lack of biological specificity, non-physiologically relevant potency and species ortholog selectivity. Recent advances have identified several highly potent synthetic agonists and antagonists, as well as agonists with equivalent potency at rodent and human orthologs, which will be useful as tool compounds. Homology modeling and mutagenesis studies have provided insight into the mode of ligand binding and possible reasons for the species selectivity of some ligands. Advances have also been made in determining the role of the receptor in disease. In the past, genome-wide association studies have associated GPR35 with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. More recent functional studies have implicated it in processes as diverse as heart failure and hypoxia, inflammation, pain transduction and synaptic transmission. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the molecular pharmacology, downstream signaling and physiological function of GPR35, and discuss its emerging potential applications as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Divorty
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Amanda E Mackenzie
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahmad R, Wojciech S, Jockers R. Hunting for the function of orphan GPCRs - beyond the search for the endogenous ligand. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:3212-28. [PMID: 25231237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane-spanning proteins (7TM), also called GPCRs, are among the most versatile and evolutionary successful protein families. Out of the 400 non-odourant members identified in the human genome, approximately 100 remain orphans that have not been matched with an endogenous ligand. Apart from the classical deorphanization strategies, several alternative strategies provided recent new insights into the function of these proteins, which hold promise for high therapeutic potential. These alternative strategies consist of the phenotypical characterization of organisms silenced or overexpressing orphan 7TM proteins, the search for constitutive receptor activity and formation of protein complexes including 7TM proteins as well as the development of synthetic, surrogate ligands. Taken together, a variety of ligand-independent functions can be attributed to orphan 7TM proteins that range from constitutive activity to complex formation with other proteins and include 'true' orphans for which no ligand exist and 'conditional' orphans that behave like orphans in the absence of ligand and as non-orphans in the presence of ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Wojciech
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang T, Yan C, Yang L, Hu M, Ban S, Li Q. 3D-QSAR studies of 8-substituted chromen-4-one-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as potent agonists for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 35. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
26
|
Chromones as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:340-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
27
|
Köse M, Ritter K, Thiemke K, Gillard M, Kostenis E, Müller CE. Development of [(3)H]2-Carboxy-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-3-propionic Acid ([(3)H]PSB-12150): A Useful Tool for Studying GPR17. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:326-30. [PMID: 24900835 DOI: 10.1021/ml400399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently described synthetic GPR17 agonist 2-carboxy-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-3-propionic acid (1) was prepared in tritium-labeled form by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding propenoic acid derivative 8 with tritium gas. The radioligand [(3)H]PSB-12150 (9) was obtained with a specific activity of 17 Ci/mmol (629 GBq/mmol). It showed specific and saturable binding to a single binding site in membrane preparations from Chinese hamster ovary cells recombinantly expressing the human GPR17. A competition assay procedure was established, which allows the determination of ligand binding affinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Ritter
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiemke
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel Gillard
- UCB Pharma S.A., CNS Research, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Evi Kostenis
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Section of Molecular-,
Cellular-, and Pharmacobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rempel V, Atzler K, Behrenswerth A, Karcz T, Schoeder C, Hinz S, Kaleta M, Thimm D, Kiec-Kononowicz K, Müller CE. Bicyclic imidazole-4-one derivatives: a new class of antagonists for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR18 and GPR55. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GPR18 and GPR55 are orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that interact with certain cannabinoid (CB) receptor ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Rempel
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Atzler
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Behrenswerth
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Karcz
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
| | - C. Schoeder
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Kaleta
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
- Jagiellonian University Medical College
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Kiec-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
- Jagiellonian University Medical College
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Kraków, Poland
| | - C. E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|