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Ratto A, Honek JF. Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1172-1213. [PMID: 36915986 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230313141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3- dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex- 5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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She W, Liu T, Li H, Wang Z, Guo Z, Liu Y, Liu Y. Reprogramming Energy Metabolism with Synthesized PDK Inhibitors Based on Dichloroacetate Derivatives and Targeted Delivery Systems for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14683-14699. [PMID: 37688544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In many types of cancers, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is abnormally overexpressed and has become a promising target for cancer therapy. However, few highly effective inhibitors of PDK have been reported to date. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of PDK inhibitors based on dichloroacetate (DCA) and arsenicals. Of the 27 compounds, 1f demonstrated PDK inhibition with high efficiency at a cellular level (IC50 = 2.0 μM) and an enzyme level (EC50 = 68 nM), far more effective than that of DCA. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies demonstrated that 1f inhibited PDK, shifted the energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, new 1f-loaded nanoparticles were developed, and the administration of high-drug-loading nanoparticles (0.15 mg/kg) caused up to 90% tumor shrinkage without any apparent toxicity. Hence, this study provided a novel metabolic therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan She
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry & School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry & School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry & School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry & School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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Gomes DC, Medeiros TS, Alves Pereira EL, da Silva JFO, de Freitas Oliveira JW, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, de Sousa da Silva M, da Silva-Júnior AA. From Benznidazole to New Drugs: Nanotechnology Contribution in Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13778. [PMID: 37762080 PMCID: PMC10530915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the two approved drugs for their treatment, but both drugs present side effects and efficacy problems, especially in the chronic phase of this disease. Therefore, new molecules have been tested with promising results aiming for strategic targeting action against T. cruzi. Several studies involve in vitro screening, but a considerable number of in vivo studies describe drug bioavailability increment, drug stability, toxicity assessment, and mainly the efficacy of new drugs and formulations. In this context, new drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology systems, have been developed for these purposes. Some nanocarriers are able to interact with the immune system of the vertebrate host, modulating the immune response to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. In this overview of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for established and new antichagasic agents, different strategies, and limitations of a wide class of nanocarriers are explored, as new perspectives in the treatment and monitoring of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavalcante Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Thayse Silva Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Eron Lincoln Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - João Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Marcelo de Sousa da Silva
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
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Tanaka K, Takeda F, Kanda M, Kawahata M, Fujii S, Katagiri K, Masu H, Kagechika H, Tanatani A. Solvent-Dependent Conformational Switching of N-Methyl-N,N'-diarylsquaramide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12289-12293. [PMID: 37565781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Diarylsquaramide and N,N'-dialkylsquaramide are conformationally stable linkers with extended (trans, trans) and folded (cis, cis) structures, respectively, independently of external conditions. Here, we show that N-monomethylated N,N'-diarylsquaramides generally take a (trans, cis) structure in the crystal but show a solvent-dependent conformational equilibrium in solution. In particular, the stable conformer of N-methyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)squaramide (1f) changes depending upon the solvent. Thus, aromatic N-monomethylated squaramides could find application as components of environment-responsive molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Fumi Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Midori Kanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kosuke Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Caroli AP, Mansoldo FRP, Cardoso VS, Lage CLS, Carmo FL, Supuran CT, Beatriz Vermelho A. Are patents important indicators of innovation for Chagas disease treatment? Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:193-209. [PMID: 36786067 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2176219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is a neglected, endemic disease in 21 countries, spreading to non-endemic countries too. Like other neglected diseases affecting primarily low- and middle-income countries, low investment and the absence of new chemical entities from the industry occurred. Increased knowledge about the parasite, drug targets, and vector control has been observed, but this was not translated into new drugs. The partnerships of pharmaceutical companies with academies and consolidated networks to increment the new drugs and treatment research in Chagas disease are shown. The current review analyzes in detail the patents dealing with compounds candidates for new drugs and treatment. The patent search was performed using Orbit Intelligence® software in the 2001-2021 period. AREAS COVERED The author focused specifically on patents for the treatment, the new candidates disclosed in the patents, and the barriers to innovation. EXPERT OPINION Patents in Chagas disease have been increasing in the last years, although they do not bring new compounds to an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pestana Caroli
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe R P Mansoldo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica S Cardoso
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage
- National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI), Graduate and Research Division, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Carmo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, LEMM - Molecular Microbial Ecology Laboratory
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Squaramide-Tethered Sulfonamides and Coumarins: Synthesis, Inhibition of Tumor-Associated CAs IX and XII and Docking Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147685. [PMID: 35887037 PMCID: PMC9318203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive targets for the development of new anticancer therapies; in particular, CAs IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in numerous tumors. (2) Methods: following the tail approach, we have appended a hydrophobic aromatic tail to a pharmacophore responsible for the CA inhibition (aryl sulfonamide, coumarin). As a linker, we have used squaramides, featured with strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capacities. (3) Results: Starting from easily accessible dimethyl squarate, the title compounds were successfully obtained as crystalline solids, avoiding the use of chromatographic purifications. Interesting and valuable SARs could be obtained upon modification of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, position of the sulfonamido moiety, distance of the aryl sulfonamide scaffold to the squaramide, stereoelectronic effects on the aromatic ring, as well as the number and type of substituents on C-3 and C-4 positions of the coumarin. (4) Conclusions: For sulfonamides, the best profile was achieved for the m-substituted derivative 11 (Ki = 29.4, 9.15 nM, CA IX and XII, respectively), with improved selectivity compared to acetazolamide, a standard drug. Coumarin derivatives afforded an outstanding selectivity (Ki > 10,000 nM for CA I, II); the lead compound (16c) was a strong CA IX and XII inhibitor (Ki = 19.2, 7.23 nM, respectively). Docking simulations revealed the key ligand-enzyme interactions.
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Kwak J, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park GB, Jo J, Jeong M, Kang S, Moon S, Bang S, An H, Hwang S, Kim MS, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Chang W, Chung KW, Jeong JY, Yun H. A bioisosteric approach to the discovery of novel N-aryl-N′-[4-(aryloxy)cyclohexyl]squaramide-based activators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Priya Vadhana KT, Vairam S, Ushadevi B, Parveen S. New Mg(II) and Ca(II) Mixed Strontium Squarates: Structural Characterization, DNA/BSA Interaction, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-01989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martín-Escolano R, Cebrián R, Maqueda M, Romero D, Rosales MJ, Sánchez-Moreno M, Marín C. Assessing the effectiveness of AS-48 in experimental mice models of Chagas' disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1537-1545. [PMID: 32129856 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the bacteriocin AS-48 (lacking toxicity), which is produced by Enterococcus faecalis, against the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas' disease. METHODS We determined the in vivo activity of AS-48 against the T. cruzi Arequipa strain in BALB/c mice (in both acute and chronic phases of Chagas' disease). We evaluated the parasitaemia, the reactivation of parasitaemia after immunosuppression and the nested parasites in the chronic phase by PCR in target tissues. RESULTS AS-48 reduced the parasitaemia profile in acute infection and showed a noteworthy reduction in the parasitic load in chronic infection after immunosuppression according to the results obtained by PCR (double-checking to demonstrate cure). CONCLUSIONS AS-48 is a promising alternative that provides a step forward in the development of a new therapy against Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Cebrián
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Desirée Romero
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Sciences, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Inhibitors of F 1F 0-ATP synthase enzymes for the treatment of tuberculosis and cancer. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:911-926. [PMID: 33845594 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectacular success of the mycobacterial F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis has generated wide interest in the development of other inhibitors of this enzyme. Work in this realm has included close analogues of bedaquiline with better safety profiles and 'bedaquiline-like' compounds, some of which show potent antibacterial activity in vitro although none have yet progressed to clinical trials. The search has lately extended to a range of new scaffolds as potential inhibitors, including squaramides, diaminoquinazolines, chloroquinolines, dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-ones, thiazolidinediones, diaminopyrimidines and tetrahydroquinolines. Because of the ubiquitous expression of ATP synthase enzymes, there has also been interest in inhibitors of other bacterial ATP synthases, as well as inhibitors of human mitochondrial ATP synthase for cancer therapy. The latter encompass both complex natural products and simpler small molecules. The review seeks to demonstrate the breadth of the structural types of molecules able to effectively inhibit the function of variants of this intriguing enzyme.
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Mazzeti AL, Capelari-Oliveira P, Bahia MT, Mosqueira VCF. Review on Experimental Treatment Strategies Against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:409-432. [PMID: 33833592 PMCID: PMC8020333 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, only nitroheterocyclic nifurtimox (NFX) and benznidazole (BNZ) are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, with limitations such as variable efficacy, long treatment regimens and toxicity. Different strategies have been used to discover new active molecules for the treatment of Chagas disease. Target-based and phenotypic screening led to thousands of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity, notably the nitroheterocyclic compounds, fexinidazole and its metabolites. In addition, drug repurposing, drug combinations, re-dosing regimens and the development of new formulations have been evaluated. The CYP51 antifungal azoles, as posaconazole, ravuconazole and its prodrug fosravuconazole presented promising results in experimental Chagas disease. Drug combinations of nitroheterocyclic and azoles were able to induce cure in murine infection. New treatment schemes using BNZ showed efficacy in the experimental chronic stage, including against dormant forms of T. cruzi. And finally, sesquiterpene lactone formulated in nanocarriers displayed outstanding efficacy against different strains of T. cruzi, susceptible or resistant to BNZ, the reference drug. These pre-clinical results are encouraging and provide interesting evidence to improve the treatment of patients with Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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Zuma AA, de Souza W. Chagas Disease Chemotherapy: What Do We Know So Far? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3963-3995. [PMID: 33593251 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210216152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), and although endemic in Latin America, affects around 6-7 million people infected worldwide. The treatment of Chagas disease is based on benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are the only available drugs. However, they are not effective during the chronic phase and cause several side effects. Furthermore, BZ promotes cure in 80% of the patients in the acute phase, but the cure rate drops to 20% in adults in the chronic phase of the disease. In this review, we present several studies published in the last six years, which describes the antiparasitic potential of distinct drugs, from the synthesis of new compounds aiming to target the parasite, as well as the repositioning and the combination of drugs. We highlight several compounds for having shown results that are equivalent or superior to BZ, which means that they should be further studied, either in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, we stand out the differences in the effects of BZ on the same strain of T. cruzi, which might be related to methodological differences such as parasite and cell ratios, host cell type and the time of adding the drug. In addition, we discuss the wide variety of strains and also the cell types used as a host cell, which makes it difficult to compare the trypanocidal effect of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
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Martín-Escolano R, Guardia JJ, Martín-Escolano J, Cirauqui N, Fernández A, Rosales MJ, Chahboun R, Sánchez-Moreno M, Alvarez-Manzaneda E, Marín C. In Vivo Biological Evaluation of a Synthetic Royleanone Derivative as a Promising Fast-Acting Trypanocidal Agent by Inducing Mitochondrial-Dependent Necrosis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3571-3583. [PMID: 33253573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The life-long and life-threatening Chagas disease is one of the most neglected tropical diseases caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a major public health problem in Latin America, as six to seven million people are infected, being the principal cause of mortality in many endemic regions. Moreover, Chagas disease has become widespread due to migrant populations. Additionally, there are no vaccines nor effective treatments to fight the disease because of its long-term nature and complex pathology. Therefore, these facts emphasize how crucial the international effort for the development of new treatments against Chagas disease is. Here, we present the in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of some oxygenated abietane diterpenoids and related compounds. The 1,4-benzoquinone 15, not yet reported, was identified as a fast-acting trypanocidal drug with efficacy against different strains in vitro and higher activity and lower toxicity than benznidazole in both phases of murine Chagas disease. The mode of action was also evaluated, suggesting that quinone 15 kills T. cruzi by inducing mitochondrion-dependent necrosis through a bioenergetics collapse caused by a mitochondrial membrane depolarization and iron-containing superoxide dismutase inhibition. Therefore, the abietane 1,4-benzoquinone 15 can be considered as a new candidate molecule for the development of an appropriate and commercially accessible anti-Chagas drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Guardia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Cirauqui
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria J Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Highly Efficient, Tripodal Ion-Pair Receptors for Switching Selectivity between Acetates and Sulfates Using Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Extractions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249465. [PMID: 33322738 PMCID: PMC7764408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A tripodal, squaramide-based ion-pair receptor 1 was synthesized in a modular fashion, and 1H NMR and UV-vis studies revealed its ability to interact more efficiently with anions with the assistance of cations. The reference tripodal anion receptor 2, lacking a crown ether unit, was found to lose the enhancement in anion binding induced by presence of cations. Besides the ability to bind anions in enhanced manner by the “single armed” ion-pair receptor 3, the lack of multiple and prearranged binding sites resulted in its much lower affinity towards anions than in the case of tripodal receptors. Unlike with receptors 2 or 3, the high affinity of 1 towards salts opens up the possibility of extracting extremely hydrophilic sulfate anions from aqueous to organic phase. The disparity in receptor 1 binding modes towards monovalent anions and divalent sulfates assures its selectivity towards sulfates over other lipophilic salts upon liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and enables the Hofmeister bias to be overcome. By changing the extraction conditions from LLE to SLE (solid–liquid extraction), a switch of selectivity from sulfates to acetates was achieved. X-ray measurements support the ability of anion binding by cooperation of the arms of receptor 1 together with simultaneous binding of cations.
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Quijia CR, Bonatto CC, Silva LP, Andrade MA, Azevedo CS, Lasse Silva C, Vega M, de Santana JM, Bastos IMD, Carneiro MLB. Liposomes Composed by Membrane Lipid Extracts from Macrophage Cell Line as a Delivery of the Trypanocidal N, N'-Squaramide 17 towards Trypanosoma cruzi. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235505. [PMID: 33276688 PMCID: PMC7730638 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and affects about 25 million people worldwide. N, N’-Squaramide 17 (S) is a trypanocidal compound with relevant in vivo effectiveness. Here, we produced, characterized, and evaluated cytotoxic and trypanocidal effects of macrophage-mimetic liposomes from lipids extracted of RAW 264.7 cells to release S. As results, the average hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential of mimetic lipid membranes containing S (MLS) was 196.5 ± 11 nm and −61.43 ± 2.3 mV, respectively. Drug entrapment efficiency was 73.35% ± 2.05%. After a 72 h treatment, MLS was observed to be active against epimastigotes in vitro (IC50 = 15.85 ± 4.82 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 24.92 ± 4.80 μM). Also, it induced low cytotoxicity with CC50 of 1199.50 ± 1.22 μM towards VERO cells and of 1973.97 ± 5.98 μM in RAW 264.7. MLS also induced fissures in parasite membrane with a diameter of approximately 200 nm in epimastigotes. MLS showed low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and high trypanocidal activity revealing this nanostructure a promising candidate for the development of Chagas disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rafael Quijia
- Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Cínthia Caetano Bonatto
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Clenia Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Manel Vega
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma on the Island of Majorca, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain;
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.M.D.B.); (M.L.B.C.); Tel.: +55-61-3107-3051 (I.M.D.B.)
| | - Marcella Lemos Brettas Carneiro
- Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (I.M.D.B.); (M.L.B.C.); Tel.: +55-61-3107-3051 (I.M.D.B.)
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Silva DG, Junker A, de Melo SMG, Fumagalli F, Gillespie JR, Molasky N, Buckner FS, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Maes L, Emery FS. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Imidazopyridine/Pyrimidine- and Furopyridine-Based Anti-infective Agents against Trypanosomiases. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:966-975. [PMID: 33078573 PMCID: PMC8048860 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases remain among the most critical public health concerns in Africa and South America. The drug treatments for these diseases are limited, which invariably leads to fatal cases. Hence, there is an urgent need for new antitrypanosomal drugs. To address this issue, a large number of diverse heterocyclic compounds were prepared. Straightforward synthetic approaches tolerated pre-functionalized structures, giving rise to a structurally diverse set of analogs. We report on a set of 57 heterocyclic compounds with selective activity potential against kinetoplastid parasites. In general, 29 and 19 compounds of the total set could be defined as active against Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei brucei, respectively (antitrypanosomal activities <10 μM). The present work discusses the structure-activity relationships of new fused-ring scaffolds based on imidazopyridine/pyrimidine and furopyridine cores. This library of compounds shows significant potential for anti-trypanosomiases drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Silva
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shaiani M G de Melo
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fumagalli
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - J Robert Gillespie
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nora Molasky
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Flavio S Emery
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
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Chasák J, Šlachtová V, Urban M, Brulíková L. Squaric acid analogues in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112872. [PMID: 33035923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the published data on squaric acid analogues with a special focus on their use in medicinal chemistry and as potential drugs. Squaric acid is an interesting small molecule with an almost perfectly square shape, and its analogues have a variety of biological activities that are enabled by the presence of significant H-bond donors and acceptors. Unfortunately, most of these compounds also exhibit reactive functionalities, and this deters the majority of medicinal chemists and pharmacologists from trying to use them in drug development. However, this group of compounds is experiencing a renaissance, and large numbers of them are being tested for antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The most useful of these compounds exhibited IC50 values in the nanomolar range, which makes them promising drug candidates. In addition to these activities, their interactions with living systems were intensively explored, revealing that squaric acid analogues inhibit various enzymes and often serve as receptor antagonists and that the squaric acid moiety may be used as a non-classical isosteric replacement for other functional groups such as carboxylate. In summary, this review is focused on squaric acid and its analogues and their use in medicinal chemistry and should serve as a guide for other researchers in the field to demonstrate the potential of these compounds based on previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Chasák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šlachtová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Brulíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Agnew-Francis KA, Williams CM. Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11616-11650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Catrouillet S, Brendel JC. Supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5079-5110. [PMID: 32347854 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of supramolecular chemistry has long been known to generate complex materials of different sizes and shapes via the self-assembly of single or multiple low molar mass building blocks. Matching the complexity found in natural assemblies, however, remains a long-term challenge considering its precision in organizing large macromolecules into well-defined nanostructures. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of supramolecular chemistry has paved the way to several attempts in arranging synthetic macromolecules into larger ordered structures based on non-covalent forces. This review is a first attempt to summarize the developments in this field, which focus mainly on the formation of one-dimensional, linear, cylindrical aggregates in solution with pendant polymer chains - therefore coined supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes in accordance with their covalent equivalents. Distinguishing by the different supramolecular driving forces, we first describe systems based on π-π interactions, which comprise, among others, the well-known perylene motif, but also the early attempts using cyclophanes. However, the majority of reported supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes are formed by hydrogen bonds as they can for example be found in linear and cyclic peptides, as well as so called sticker molecules containing multiple urea groups. Besides this overview on the reported motifs and their impact on the resulting morphology of the polymer nanostructures, we finally highlight the potential benefits of such non-covalent interactions and refer to promising future directions of this still mostly unrecognized field of supramolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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20
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Molina I, Perin L, Aviles AS, de Abreu Vieira PM, da Silva Fonseca K, Cunha LM, Carneiro CM. The effect of benznidazole dose among the efficacy outcome in the murine animal model. A quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105218. [PMID: 31610148 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite more than 100 years since it was firstly described Chagas disease, only two drugs are available to treat Chagas disease: Nifurtimox launched by Bayer in 1965 and benznidazole launched by Roche in 1971. Drug discovery initiatives have been looking for new compounds as an alternative to these old drugs. Although new platforms have been used with the latest technologies, a critical step on that process still relies on the in vivo model. Unfortunately, to date, available animal models have limited predictive value and there is no standardization. With the aim to better understand the role of benznidazole, the current standard of care of Chagas disease, we performed this review. We intend to analyze the influence of the experimental design of the most used animal model, the murine model, in the assessment of the efficacy endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Molina
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Infectious Disease Department. PROSICS (International Health Program of the Catalan Health Institute), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Perin
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Augusto Sao Aviles
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Infectious Disease Department. PROSICS (International Health Program of the Catalan Health Institute), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Katia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Maciel Cunha
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Paucar R, Martín-Escolano R, Moreno-Viguri E, Azqueta A, Cirauqui N, Marín C, Sánchez-Moreno M, Pérez-Silanes S. Rational modification of Mannich base-type derivatives as novel antichagasic compounds: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3902-3917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Liao XY, Lei Y, Chen SF, Cheng J, Zhao D, Zhang ZF, Han X, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Zhuang Y, Chen J, Zhou HB, Wan Q, Zou YY. The neuroprotective effect of bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) in intracerebral hemorrhage. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1957-1967. [PMID: 31354241 PMCID: PMC6585412 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s204956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The authors have recently designed a new compound bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) [bpV(pis)] and verified that bpV(pis) confers neuroprotection through suppressing PTEN and activating ERK1/2, respectively. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke and has severe clinical outcome. In this study, we investigate the effect of bpV(pis) in ICH model both in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods: The novel drug bpV(pis) was synthesized in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Wuhan University School of Medicine. An ICH model was generated on both SD rats and cells. bpV(pis) was injected into intracerebroventricular or culture media. Western blotting was applied to test the signal pathway. To determine the effect of bpV(pis) on PTEN inhibition and ERK1/2 activation, we measured the phosphorylation level of AKT (a direct downstream target of PTEN that negatively regulates AKT) and ERK1/2. FJC, MTT, and LDH were applied to measure the cell viability. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to measure the effect of bpV(pis). Results: The in vivo results showed that intracerebroventricular administration of bpV(pis) significantly alleviates hematoma, the damage of brain–blood barrier and brain edema. The in vitro results demonstrated that bpV(pis) treatment reduces ICH-induced neuronal injury. Western blotting results identified that bpV(pis) exerts a neuroprotective effect by significantly increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT and ERK1/2 after experimental ICH. Neurobehavioral tests indicate that bpV(pis) promotes functional recovery in ICH animals. Conclusion: This study provides first and direct evidence for a potential role of bpV(pis) in ICH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Feng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Bao Liao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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Chtita S, Ghamali M, Ousaa A, Aouidate A, Belhassan A, Taourati AI, Masand VH, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. QSAR study of anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis activity for 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives using DFT and Lipinski's descriptors. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01304. [PMID: 30899832 PMCID: PMC6407088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of sixty 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis (anti-HAT) activity has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) and statistical methods. Becke's three-parameter hybrid method and the Lee-Yang-Parr B3LYP functional employing 6-31G(d) basis set are used to calculate quantum chemical descriptors using Gaussian 03W software, and the five Lipinski's parameters were calculated using ChemOffice software. In order to obtain robust and reliable QSAR model, the original dataset was randomly divided into training and prediction sets comprising 48 and 12 compounds, respectively. An optimal model for the training set with significant statistical quality was established. The same model was further applied to predict pEC50 values of the 12 compounds in the test set, further showing that this QSAR model has high predictive ability. It is very interesting to find that the anti-HAT of these compounds appear to be mainly governed by four factors, i.e., the number of H-bond donors, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, the molecular weight and the octanol/water partition coefficient. Here the possible action mechanism of these compounds was analysed and discussed, in particular, important structural requirements for great anti-HAT activity will be by increasing molecular size and substitute the 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with polar, ionic, stronger accepting electron ability group and heteroatoms attached to one or more hydrogen atoms. Based on this proposed QSAR model, some new compounds with higher anti-HAT activities have been theoretically designed. Such results can offer useful theoretical references for future experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chtita
- Laboratory Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mounir Ghamali
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Ousaa
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Adnane Aouidate
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Assia Belhassan
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Vijay Hariram Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati College, Camp. Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new long-chain squaramides as anti-chagasic agents in the BALB/c mouse model. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:865-879. [PMID: 30728107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chagas Disease is caused by infection with the insect-transmitted protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects more than 10 million people. It is a paradigmatic example of a chronic disease without an effective treatment in Latin America where the current therapies, based on Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, are characterised by limited efficacy, toxic side-effects and frequent failures in the treatment. We present a series of new long-chain squaramides, identified based on their 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and their trypanocidal activity and cytotoxicity were tested in vitro through the determination of IC50 values. Compounds 4 and 7 were more active and less toxic than the reference drug Benznidazole, and these results were the basis of promoting in vivo assays, where parasitaemia levels, assignment of cure, reactivation of parasitaemia and others parameters were determined in mice treated in both the acute and chronic phases. Finally, the mechanisms of action were elucidated at metabolic and mitochondrial levels and superoxide dismutase inhibition. The experiments allowed us to select compound 7 as a promising candidate for treating Chagas Disease, where the activity, stability and low cost make long-chain squaramides appropriate molecules for the development of an affordable anti-chagasic agent versus current treatments.
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26
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Li X, Wang Z, Sun J, Gao J, Zhao Y, Cheng P, Aguila B, Ma S, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Squaramide-decorated covalent organic framework as a new platform for biomimetic hydrogen-bonding organocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5423-5426. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The first squaramide-decorated covalent organic framework has been successfully constructed, which exhibited excellent performance in biomimetic hydrogen-bonding organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biology
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jia Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biology
| | - Briana Aguila
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biology
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biology
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27
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Martín-Escolano R, Molina-Carreño D, Delgado-Pinar E, Martin-Montes Á, Clares MP, Medina-Carmona E, Pitarch-Jarque J, Martín-Escolano J, Rosales MJ, García-España E, Sánchez-Moreno M, Marín C. New polyamine drugs as more effective antichagas agents than benznidazole in both the acute and chronic phases. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:27-46. [PMID: 30583247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the continuous research effort that has been made in recent years to find ways to treat the potentially life threatening Chagas disease (CD), this remains the third most important infectious disease in Latin America. CD is an important public health problem affecting 6-7 million people. Since the need to search for new drugs for the treatment of DC persists, in this article we present a panel of new polyamines based on the tripodal structure of tris(2-aminomethyl)amine (tren) that can be prepared at low cost with high yields. Moreover, these polyamines present the characteristic of being water-soluble and resistant to the acidic pH values of stomach, which would allow their potential oral administration. In vitro and in vivo assays permitted to identify the compound with the tren moiety functionalized with one fluorene unit (7) as a potential antichagas agent. Compound 7 has broader spectrum of action, improved efficacy in acute and chronic phases of the disease and lower toxicity than the reference drug benznidazole. Finally, the action mechanisms studied at metabolic and mitochondrial levels shows that the trypanocidal activity of compound 7 could be related to its effect at the glycosomal level. Therefore, this work allowed us to select compound 7 as a promising candidate to perform preclinical evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Molina-Carreño
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Delgado-Pinar
- ICMol, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martin-Montes
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Paz Clares
- ICMol, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Encarnación Medina-Carmona
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Pitarch-Jarque
- ICMol, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- ICMol, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
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28
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Martínez-Crespo L, Escudero-Adán EC, Costa A, Rotger C. The Role of N
-Methyl Squaramides in a Hydrogen-Bonding Strategy to Fold Peptidomimetic Compounds. Chemistry 2018; 24:17802-17813. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Martínez-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Balearic Islands; Cra Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Chemistry; University of Balearic Islands; Cra Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma Spain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Balearic Islands; Cra Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma Spain
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29
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Martín-Escolano R, Aguilera-Venegas B, Marín C, Martín-Montes Á, Martín-Escolano J, Medina-Carmona E, Arán VJ, Sánchez-Moreno M. Synthesis and Biological in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of 2-(5-Nitroindazol-1-yl)ethylamines and Related Compounds as Potential Therapeutic Alternatives for Chagas Disease. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2104-2118. [PMID: 30098232 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a potentially life-threatening illness that affects 5-8 million people in Latin America, and more than 10 million people worldwide. It is characterized by an acute phase, which is partly resolved by the immune system, but then develops as a chronic disease without an effective treatment. There is an urgent need for new antiprotozoal agents, as the current standard therapeutic options based on benznidazole and nifurtimox are characterized by limited efficacy, toxicity, and frequent failures in treatment. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to identify some new low-cost 5-nitroindazoles as a potential antichagasic therapeutic alternative. Compound 16 (3-benzyloxy-5-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-indazole) showed improved efficiency and lower toxicity than benznidazole in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and its trypanocidal activity seems to be related to its effect at the mitochondrial level. Therefore, compound 16 is a promising candidate for the development of a new anti-Chagas agent, and further preclinical evaluation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Benjamín Aguilera-Venegas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Box 233, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martín-Montes
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Encarnación Medina-Carmona
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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30
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Martín-Escolano R, Moreno-Viguri E, Santivañez-Veliz M, Martin-Montes A, Medina-Carmona E, Paucar R, Marín C, Azqueta A, Cirauqui N, Pey AL, Pérez-Silanes S, Sánchez-Moreno M. Second Generation of Mannich Base-Type Derivatives with in Vivo Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5643-5663. [PMID: 29883536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a potentially life-threatening and neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. One of the most important challenges related to Chagas disease is the search for new, safe, effective, and affordable drugs since the current therapeutic arsenal is inadequate and insufficient. Here, we report a simple and cost-effective synthesis and the biological evaluation of the second generation of Mannich base-type derivatives. Compounds 7, 9, and 10 showed improved in vitro efficiency and lower toxicity than benznidazole, in addition to no genotoxicity; thus, they were applied in in vivo assays to assess their activity in both acute and chronic phases of the disease. Compound 10 presented a similar profile to benznidazole from the parasitological perspective but also yielded encouraging data, as no toxicity was observed. Moreover, compound 9 showed lower parasitaemia and higher curative rates than benznidazole, also with lower toxicity in both acute and chronic phases. Therefore, further studies should be considered to optimize compound 9 to promote its further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Departament of Parasitology , Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada , Severo Ochoa s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Elsa Moreno-Viguri
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical , Pamplona 31008 , Spain
| | - Mery Santivañez-Veliz
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical , Pamplona 31008 , Spain
| | - Alvaro Martin-Montes
- Departament of Parasitology , Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada , Severo Ochoa s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Encarnación Medina-Carmona
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Av. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Rocío Paucar
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical , Pamplona 31008 , Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Departament of Parasitology , Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada , Severo Ochoa s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Pamplona 31008 , Spain
| | - Nuria Cirauqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21949-900 , Brazil
| | - Angel L Pey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Av. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical , Pamplona 31008 , Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Departament of Parasitology , Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada , Severo Ochoa s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
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31
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Tong C, Liu T, Saez Talens V, Noteborn WEM, Sharp TH, Hendrix MMRM, Voets IK, Mummery CL, Orlova VV, Kieltyka RE. Squaramide-Based Supramolecular Materials for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1091-1099. [PMID: 29528623 PMCID: PMC5894061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogel materials can recapitulate the natural cell microenvironment; however, it is equally necessary that the gels maintain cell viability and phenotype while permitting reisolation without stress, especially for use in the stem cell field. Here, we describe a family of synthetically accessible, squaramide-based tripodal supramolecular monomers consisting of a flexible tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) core that self-assemble into supramolecular polymers and eventually into self-recovering hydrogels. Spectroscopic measurements revealed that monomer aggregation is mainly driven by a combination of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity. The self-recovering hydrogels were used to encapsulate NIH 3T3 fibroblasts as well as human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their derivatives in 3D. The materials reported here proved cytocompatible for these cell types with maintenance of hiPSCs in their undifferentiated state essential for their subsequent expansion or differentiation into a given cell type and potential for facile release by dilution due to their supramolecular nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciqing Tong
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tingxian Liu
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victorio Saez Talens
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E. M. Noteborn
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H. Sharp
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco M. R. M. Hendrix
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MD, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MD, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department
of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden University, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V. Orlova
- Department
of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden University, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roxanne E. Kieltyka
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Rosales MJ, Ximenis M, Costa A, Rotger C, Romero D, Olmo F, Delgado E, Clares MP, García-España E, Marín C, Sánchez M. <i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Squaramides and Acyclic Polyamine Derivatives against Trophozoites and Cysts of <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2018.68001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Silva DG, Gillespie JR, Ranade RM, Herbst ZM, Nguyen UTT, Buckner FS, Montanari CA, Gelb MH. New Class of Antitrypanosomal Agents Based on Imidazopyridines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:766-770. [PMID: 28740614 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis of 22 new imidazopyridine analogues arising from medicinal chemistry optimization at different sites on the molecule. Seven and 12 compounds exhibited an in vitro EC50 ≤ 1 μM against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) parasites, respectively. Based on promising results of in vitro activity (EC50 < 100 nM), cytotoxicity, metabolic stability, protein binding, and pharmacokinetics (PK) properties, compound 20 was selected as a candidate for in vivo efficacy studies. This compound was screened in an acute mouse model against T.cruzi (Tulahuen strain). After established infection, mice were dosed twice a day for 5 days, and then monitored for 6 weeks using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Compound 20 demonstrated parasite inhibition comparable to the benznidazole treatment group. Compound 20 represents a potential lead for the development of drugs to treat trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Silva
- Grupo
de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos 13566-590, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Grupo
de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos 13566-590, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
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Simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates show in vitro and in vivo activity against disease-causing trypanosomatids. Parasitology 2017; 144:1133-1143. [PMID: 28367781 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates (compounds 2-6) and their sodium salts (pyrazolates) (compounds 7-9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis are reported. In most cases the studied compounds showed, especially against the clinically significant amastigote forms, in vitro activities higher than those of the reference drugs (benznidazole for T. cruzi and glucantime for Leishmania spp.); furthermore, the low non-specific cytotoxicities against Vero cells and macrophages shown by these compounds led to good selectivity indexes, which are 8-72 times higher for T. cruzi amastigotes and 15-113 times higher for Leishmania spp. amastigotes than those of the respective reference drugs. The high efficiency of diethyl ester 3 and its sodium salt 8 against the mentioned protozoa was confirmed by further in vitro assays on infection rates and by an additional in vivo study in a murine model of acute and chronic Chagas disease. The inhibitory capacity of compounds 3 and 8 on the essential iron superoxide dismutase of the aforementioned parasites may be related to the observed anti-trypanosomatid activity. The low acute toxicity of compounds 3 and 8 in mice is also reported in this article.
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Zhang ZF, Chen J, Han X, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Lei RX, Zhuang Y, Wang ZF, Li Z, Chen JC, Liao WJ, Zhou HB, Liu F, Wan Q. Bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) targets both PTEN and ERK1/2 to confer neuroprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:641-656. [PMID: 28127755 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We and others have shown that inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or activating ERK1/2 confer neuroprotection. As bisperoxovanadium compounds are well-established inhibitors of PTEN, we designed bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) [bpV(pis)] and determined whether and how bpV(pis) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Malachite green-based phosphatase assay was used to measure PTEN activity. A western blot assay was used to measure the phosphorylation level of Akt and ERK1/2 (p-Akt and p-ERK1/2). Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to injure cultured cortical neurons. Cell death and viability were assessed by LDH and MTT assays. To verify the effects of bpV(pis) in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, and brain infarct volume was measured and neurological function tests performed. KEY RESULTS bpV(pis) inhibited PTEN activity and increased p-Akt in SH-SY5Y cells but not in PTEN-deleted U251 cells. bpV(pis) also elevated p-ERK1/2 in both SH-SY5Y and U251 cells. These data indicate that bpV(pis) enhances Akt activation through PTEN inhibition but increases ERK1/2 activation independently of PTEN signalling. bpV(pis) prevented OGD-induced neuronal death in vitro and reduced brain infarct volume and promoted functional recovery in stroke animals. This neuroprotective effect of bpV(pis) was blocked by inhibiting Akt and/or ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS bpV(pis) confers neuroprotection in OGD-induced injury in vitro and in cerebral ischaemia in vivo by suppressing PTEN and activating ERK1/2. Thus, bpV(pis) is a bi-target neuroprotectant that may be developed as a drug candidate for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Bao Liao
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Xue Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Cao Chen
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Ximenis M, Bustelo E, Algarra AG, Vega M, Rotger C, Basallote MG, Costa A. Kinetic Analysis and Mechanism of the Hydrolytic Degradation of Squaramides and Squaramic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2160-2170. [PMID: 28107005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic degradation of squaramides and squaramic acids, the product of partial hydrolysis of squaramides, has been evaluated by UV spectroscopy at 37 °C in the pH range 3-10. Under these conditions, the compounds are kinetically stable over long time periods (>100 days). At pH >10, the hydrolysis of the squaramate anions shows first-order dependence on both squaramate and OH-. At the same temperature and [OH-], the hydrolysis of squaramides usually displays biphasic spectral changes (A → B → C kinetic model) with formation of squaramates as detectable reaction intermediates. The measured rates for the first step (k1 ≈ 10-4 M-1 s-1) are 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than those for the second step (k2 ≈ 10-6 M-1 s-1). Experiments at different temperatures provide activation parameters with values of ΔH⧧ ≈ 9-18 kcal mol-1 and ΔS⧧ ≈ -5 to -30 cal K-1 mol-1. DFT calculations show that the mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis of squaramic acids is quite similar to that of amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ximenis
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Emilio Bustelo
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés G Algarra
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manel Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Manuel G Basallote
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
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Lu M, Lu QB, Honek JF. Squarate-based carbocyclic nucleosides: Syntheses, computational analyses and anticancer/antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:282-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effective anti-leishmanial activity of minimalist squaramide-based compounds. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:36-49. [PMID: 27480054 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of N,N'-Squaramides derivatives, compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and are capable of multiple interactions with complementary sites, against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani a series of 18compounds was prepared and assayed on extracellular and intracellular parasite forms. Infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on J774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) as the reference drug. Changes in metabolite excretion by 1H-NMR and the ultrastructural alterations occurring in the parasites treated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was analyzed. Compounds 1, 7, 11, 14 and 17 were the more active and less toxic. Infection rates showed that the order of effectiveness was 17 > 11 > 14 > 7 for both L. infantum and L. braziliensis and in the same way, the compound 1 for L. donovani. All these compounds have altered the typical structure of the promastigotes, glycosomes and mitochondria. These severe modifications by the compounds are the ultimate reasons for the alterations observed in the excretion products. The Squaramide 17 (3-(butylamino)-4-((3-(dimetilamino)propyl)(methyl)amino)cyclobut-3-en-1,2-dione) was clearly the most efficient of all compounds. The data appear to confirm that the severe modifications generated in organelles such as glycosomes or mitochondria by the compounds are the ultimate reasons for the alterations observed in the excretion products of all species. The activity, stability, low cost of starting materials, and straightforward synthesis make amino squaramides appropriate molecules for the development of an affordable anti-leishmanial agent.
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Rodriguez JB, Falcone BN, Szajnman SH. Detection and treatment ofTrypanosoma cruzi: a patent review (2011-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:993-1015. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1209487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Olmo F, Costas M, Marín C, Rosales MJ, Martín-Escolano R, Cussó O, Gutierrez-Sánchez R, Ribas X, Sánchez-Moreno M. Tetradentate polyamines as efficient metallodrugs for Chagas disease treatment in murine model. J Chemother 2016; 29:83-93. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1190536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Olmo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- QBIS Research Group, Departament de Química, Institut de Quimica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Rosales
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olaf Cussó
- QBIS Research Group, Departament de Química, Institut de Quimica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Xavi Ribas
- QBIS Research Group, Departament de Química, Institut de Quimica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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41
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In vitro and in vivo identification of tetradentated polyamine complexes as highly efficient metallodrugs against Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2016; 164:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Ribeiro CJ, Espadinha M, Machado M, Gut J, Gonçalves LM, Rosenthal PJ, Prudêncio M, Moreira R, Santos MM. Novel squaramides with in vitro liver stage antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1786-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Fernández-Moreira V, Alegre-Requena JV, Herrera RP, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Synthesis of luminescent squaramide monoesters: cytotoxicity and cell imaging studies in HeLa cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24521d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent squaramide monoesters functionalised with fluorophore groups have been explored as cytotoxic and imaging agents. The biodistribution behaviour differs depending on the fluorescent moiety; lysosomal and nuclear localisation have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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Quintana M, Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP, Triola G. Squaramides with cytotoxic activity against human gastric carcinoma cells HGC-27: synthesis and mechanism of action. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of squaramates and squaramides have been synthesized and their cytotoxic activity has been investigated in different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Quintana
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Gemma Triola
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
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Sutti R, Rosa BB, Wunderlich B, da Silva Junior PI, Rocha E Silva TAAD. Antimicrobial activity of the toxin VdTX-I from the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:324-328. [PMID: 29124220 PMCID: PMC5669311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there is an urgent need to develop new classes of antimicrobial agents with different mechanisms of action from conventionally antibiotics used for the control of pathogenic microorganisms. The acylpolyamine called VdTX-I was isolated from the venom of the tarantula Vitalius dubius, and first described with activity as an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity found in the venom of the spider, with emphasis on the toxin VdTX-I. Methods Antimicrobial assays were performed in 96 well plates culture against 14 micro-organisms (fungi, yeasts and bacteria), which were tested concentrations from 0.19 to 100 μM of VdTX-I. After qualitative analysis, dose-response curve assays were performed in bacterial kill curve using MTT reagent and hemolytic assay. Results The antimicrobial activity of the VdTX-I toxin was observed in 12 tested species of Candida, Trichosporiun, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. The toxicity had a dose-response at 3.12 µM – 100 μM in Candida albicans, Candida guillermondii, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. VdTX-I took about 5 min to inhibit bacterial growth, which was faster than streptomycin. The toxin showed no hemolytic activity between 0.19 and 100 μM. At 2.5 µg/mL of toxin it was observed no growth inhibition against a mammalian cell lineage. Conclusions The VdTX-I toxin has a significant antimicrobial activity, with broad spectrum, and is experimentally inert to mammalian blood cells. General Significance This paper explores the antimicrobial potential of the spider toxin VdTX-I, which can provide a new model to design new antimicrobial drugs. The VdTX-I toxin has antimicrobial activity at low concentrations. The toxin didn’t show hemolytic activity at a concentration of 100μM. VdTX-I does not have cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sutti
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruno Bezerra Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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An in vitro iron superoxide dismutase inhibitor decreases the parasitemia levels of Trypanosoma cruzi in BALB/c mouse model during acute phase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2015; 5:110-6. [PMID: 26236582 PMCID: PMC4501536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify new compounds to treat Chagas disease during the acute phase with higher activity and lower toxicity than the reference drug benznidazole (Bz), two hydroxyphthalazine derivative compounds were prepared and their trypanocidal effects against Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated by light microscopy through the determination of IC50 values. Cytotoxicity was determined by flow cytometry assays against Vero cells. In vivo assays were performed in BALB/c mice, in which the parasitemia levels were quantified by fresh blood examination; the assignment of a cure was determined by reactivation of blood parasitemia levels after immunosuppression. The mechanism of action was elucidated at metabolic and ultra-structural levels, by 1H NMR and TEM studies. Finally, as these compounds are potentially capable of causing oxidative damage in the parasites, the study was completed, by assessing their activity as potential iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) inhibitors. High-selectivity indices observed in vitro were the basis of promoting one of the tested compounds to in vivo assays. The tests on the murine model for the acute phase of Chagas disease showed better parasitemia inhibition values than those found for Bz. Compound 2 induced a remarkable decrease in the reactivation of parasitemia after immunosuppression. Compound 2 turned out to be a great inhibitor of Fe-SOD. The high antiparasitic activity and low toxicity together with the modest costs for the starting materials render this compound an appropriate molecule for the development of an affordable anti-Chagas agent. Low toxicity alternative treatment against Trypanosoma cruzi in murine model. The acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. In vitro evaluation against epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms. Compound 2 selectively inhibits the parasite Fe-SOD enzyme. Compound 2 should be followed-up in future clinical experiments.
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Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. One-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical squaramides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The results concerning the first one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical squaramides are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
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Keenan M, Chaplin JH. A New Era for Chagas Disease Drug Discovery? PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 54:185-230. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Prospects of an alternative treatment against Trypanosoma cruzi based on abietic acid derivatives show promising results in Balb/c mouse model. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:683-90. [PMID: 25462275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an example of extended parasitaemia with unmet medical needs. Current treatments based on old-featured benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox are expensive and do not fulfil the criteria of effectiveness, and a lack of toxicity devoid to modern drugs. In this work, a group of abietic acid derivatives that are chemically stable and well characterised were introduced as candidates for the treatment of Chagas disease. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed in order to test the effectiveness of these compounds. Finally, those which showed the best activity underwent additional studies in order to elucidate the possible mechanism of action. In vitro results indicated that some compounds have low toxicity (i.e. >150 μM, against Vero cell) combined with high efficacy (i.e. <20 μM) against some forms of T. cruzi. Further in vivo studies on mice models confirmed the expectations of improvements in infected mice. In vivo tests on the acute phase gave parasitaemia inhibition values higher those of Bz, and a remarkable decrease in the reactivation of parasitaemia was found in the chronic phase after immunosuppression of the mice treated with one of the compounds. The morphological alterations found in treated parasites with our derivatives confirmed extensive damage; energetic metabolism disturbances were also registered by (1)H NMR. The demonstrated in vivo activity and low toxicity, together with the use of affordable starting products and the lack of synthetic complexity, put these abietic acid derivatives in a remarkable position toward the development of an anti-Chagasic agent.
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Sampedro A, Villalonga-Planells R, Vega M, Ramis G, Fernández de Mattos S, Villalonga P, Costa A, Rotger C. Cell uptake and localization studies of squaramide based fluorescent probes. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1537-46. [PMID: 25036647 DOI: 10.1021/bc500258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell internalization is a major issue in drug design. Although squaramide-based compounds are receiving much attention because of their interesting bioactivity, cell uptake and trafficking within cells of this type of compounds are still unknown. In order to monitor the cell internalization process of cyclosquaramide compounds we have prepared two fluorescent probes by covalently linking a fluorescent dye (BODIPY derivative or fluorescein) to a noncytotoxic cyclosquaramide framework. These two probes (C2-BDP and C2-FITC) rapidly internalize across live cell membranes through endocytic receptor-mediated mechanisms. Due to its higher fluorescence and photochemical stability, C2-BDP is a superior dye than C2-FITC. C2-BDP remains sequestered in late endosomes allowing their fast and selective imaging in various live cell types. Cyclosquaramide-cell membrane interactions facilitate cell uptake and have been investigated by binding studies in solution as well as in live cells. Cyclosquaramide 1 (C2-BDP) can be used as a highly fluorescent probe for the rapid and selective imaging of late endosomes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Sampedro
- Departament de Química, ‡Departament de Biologia Fonamental, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Illes Balears, Spain, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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