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Ribaudo G, Carotti M, Ongaro A, Oselladore E, Scano M, Zagotto G, Sandonà D, Gianoncelli A. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bithiazole Derivatives As Potential α-Sarcoglycan Correctors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1049-1053. [PMID: 37583821 PMCID: PMC10424318 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
4'-Methyl-4,5'-bithiazoles were previously identified as cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) correctors, thus being able to correct folding defective mutants of the channel regulating chloride transport through the membrane. Additionally, bithiazole derivative C17 was reported to recover α-sarcoglycan in vitro and in vivo. We report here the synthesis of two new derivatives of C17, in which the two sides of the bithiazole scaffold were modified. The synthesized compounds and the corresponding precursors were tested in myogenic cells to evaluate the expression of α-sarcoglycan. The results highlighted that both substitutions of the bithiazole scaffold are important to achieve the maximum recovery of the α-sarcoglycan mutant. Nonetheless, partial preservation of the activity was observed. Accordingly, this paves the way to further derivatizations/optimization and target fishing studies, which were preliminarily performed in this study as a proof of concept, allowing the investigation of the molecular mechanisms leading to the α-sarcoglycan correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Oselladore
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Scano
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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2
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Renda M, Barreca M, Borrelli A, Spanò V, Montalbano A, Raimondi MV, Bivacqua R, Musante I, Scudieri P, Guidone D, Buccirossi M, Genovese M, Venturini A, Bandiera T, Barraja P, Galietta LJV. Novel tricyclic pyrrolo-quinolines as pharmacological correctors of the mutant CFTR chloride channel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7604. [PMID: 37165082 PMCID: PMC10172366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
F508del, the most frequent mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), impairs the stability and folding of the CFTR chloride channel, thus resulting in intracellular retention and CFTR degradation. The F508del defect can be targeted with pharmacological correctors, such as VX-809 and VX-445, that stabilize CFTR and improve its trafficking to plasma membrane. Using a functional test to evaluate a panel of chemical compounds, we have identified tricyclic pyrrolo-quinolines as novel F508del correctors with high efficacy on primary airway epithelial cells from CF patients. The most effective compound, PP028, showed synergy when combined with VX-809 and VX-661 but not with VX-445. By testing the ability of correctors to stabilize CFTR fragments of different length, we found that VX-809 is effective on the amino-terminal portion of the protein that includes the first membrane-spanning domain (amino acids 1-387). Instead, PP028 and VX-445 only show a stabilizing effect when the second membrane-spanning domain is included (amino acids 1-1181). Our results indicate that tricyclic pyrrolo-quinolines are a novel class of CFTR correctors that, similarly to VX-445, interact with CFTR at a site different from that of VX-809. Tricyclic pirrolo-quinolines may represent novel CFTR correctors suitable for combinatorial pharmacological treatments to treat the basic defect in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Renda
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Borrelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Bivacqua
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Guidone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Martina Buccirossi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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3
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NBD2 Is Required for the Rescue of Mutant F508del CFTR by a Thiazole-Based Molecule: A Class II Corrector for the Multi-Drug Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101417. [PMID: 34680050 PMCID: PMC8533355 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that regulates epithelial surface fluid secretion. The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) is the most common CFTR mutation. F508del CFTR is characterized by folding and trafficking defects, resulting in decreased functional expression of the protein on the plasma membrane. Several classes of small molecules, named correctors, have been developed to rescue defective F508del CFTR. Although individual correctors failed to improve the clinical status of CF patients carrying the F508del mutation, better results were obtained using correctors combinations. These results were obtained according to the premise that the administration of correctors having different sites of action should enhance F508del CFTR rescue. We investigated the putative site of action of an aminoarylthiazole 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)thiazol-2-amine, named FCG, with proven CFTR corrector activity, and its synergistic effect with the corrector VX809. We found that neither the total expression nor the maturation of WT CFTR transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was influenced by FCG, administrated alone or in combination with VX809. On the contrary, FCG was able to enhance F508del CFTR total expression, and its combination with VX809 provided a further effect, being able to increase not only the total expression but also the maturation of the mutant protein. Analyses on different CFTR domains and groups of domains, heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells, show that NBD2 is necessary for FCG corrector activity. Molecular modelling analyses suggest that FCG interacts with a putative region located into the NBD2, ascribing this molecule to class II correctors. Our study indicates that the continuous development and testing of combinations of correctors targeting different structural and functional defects of mutant CFTR is the best strategy to ensure a valuable therapeutic perspective to a larger cohort of CF patients.
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4
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Spanò V, Barreca M, Cilibrasi V, Genovese M, Renda M, Montalbano A, Galietta LJV, Barraja P. Evaluation of Fused Pyrrolothiazole Systems as Correctors of Mutant CFTR Protein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051275. [PMID: 33652850 PMCID: PMC7956813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations that impair the function of the CFTR chloride channel. The most frequent mutation, F508del, causes misfolding and premature degradation of CFTR protein. This defect can be overcome with pharmacological agents named “correctors”. So far, at least three different classes of correctors have been identified based on the additive/synergistic effects that are obtained when compounds of different classes are combined together. The development of class 2 correctors has lagged behind that of compounds belonging to the other classes. It was shown that the efficacy of the prototypical class 2 corrector, the bithiazole corr-4a, could be improved by generating conformationally-locked bithiazoles. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tricyclic pyrrolothiazoles as analogues of constrained bithiazoles. Thirty-five compounds were tested using the functional assay based on the halide-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein (HS-YFP) that measured CFTR activity. One compound, having a six atom carbocyle central ring in the tricyclic pyrrolothiazole system and bearing a pivalamide group at the thiazole moiety and a 5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl carboxamide at the pyrrole ring, significantly increased F508del-CFTR activity. This compound could lead to the synthesis of a novel class of CFTR correctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Cilibrasi
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-238-968-22
| | - Luis Juan Vicente Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples, “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
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5
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Tsuchimoto T, Johshita T, Sambai K, Saegusa N, Hayashi T, Tani T, Osano M. In(ONf) 3-catalyzed 7-membered carbon-ring-forming annulation of heteroarylindoles with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed the two recipes, on the indium-catalyzed reductive and oxidative 7-membered carbon-ring-forming annulations of heteroarylindoles with a,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Johshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sambai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Naoki Saegusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Mana Osano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
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6
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Pibiri I, Melfi R, Tutone M, Di Leonardo A, Pace A, Lentini L. Targeting Nonsense: Optimization of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole TRIDs to Rescue CFTR Expression and Functionality in Cystic Fibrosis Cell Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176420. [PMID: 32899265 PMCID: PMC7504161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop a severe form of the disease when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is affected by nonsense mutations. Nonsense mutations are responsible for the presence of a premature termination codon (PTC) in the mRNA, creating a lack of functional protein. In this context, translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) represent a promising approach to correct the basic defect caused by PTCs. By using computational optimization and biological screening, we identified three new small molecules showing high readthrough activity. The activity of these compounds has been verified by evaluating CFTR expression and functionality after treatment with the selected molecules in cells expressing nonsense–CFTR–mRNA. Additionally, the channel functionality was measured by the halide sensitive yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) quenching assay. All three of the new TRIDs displayed high readthrough activity and low toxicity and can be considered for further evaluation as a therapeutic approach toward the second major cause of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pibiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-091-238-97545 (I.P.); +39-091-238-97341 (L.L.)
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), via San Lorenzo Colli, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-091-238-97545 (I.P.); +39-091-238-97341 (L.L.)
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7
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Tutone M, Pibiri I, Perriera R, Campofelice A, Culletta G, Melfi R, Pace A, Almerico AM, Lentini L. Pharmacophore-Based Design of New Chemical Scaffolds as Translational Readthrough-Inducing Drugs (TRIDs). ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:747-753. [PMID: 32435380 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) rescue the functional full-length protein expression in genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, caused by premature termination codons (PTCs). Small molecules have been developed as TRIDs to trick the ribosomal machinery during recognition of the PTC. Herein we report a computational study to identify new TRID scaffolds. A pharmacophore approach was carried out on compounds that showed readthrough activity. The pharmacophore model applied to screen different libraries containing more than 87000 compounds identified four hit-compounds presenting scaffolds with diversity from the oxadiazole lead. These compounds have been synthesized and tested using the Fluc reporter harboring the UGA PTC. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect and the expression of the CFTR protein were evaluated. These compounds, a benzimidazole derivative (NV2899), a benzoxazole derivative (NV2913), a thiazole derivative (NV2909), and a benzene-1,3-disulfonate derivative (NV2907), were shown to be potential new lead compounds as TRIDs, boosting further efforts to address the optimization of the chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Ivana Pibiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Perriera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Campofelice
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi, 90123-Palermo, Italy
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8
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Cabrini G. Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis: The Road from Treatment to Cure. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:263-279. [PMID: 30478715 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-threatening multiorgan genetic disease, is facing a new era of research and development using innovative gene-directed personalized therapies. The priority organ to cure is the lung, which suffers recurrent and chronic bacterial infection and inflammation since infancy, representing the main cause of morbidity and precocious mortality of these individuals. After the disappointing failure of gene-replacement approaches using gene therapy vectors, no single drug is presently available to repair all the CF gene defects. The impressive number of different CF gene mutations is now tackled with different chemical and biotechnological tools tailored to the specific molecular derangements, thanks to the extensive knowledge acquired over many years on the mechanisms of CF cell and organ pathology. This review provides an overview and recalls both the successes and limitations of the different experimental approaches, such as high-throughput screening on chemical libraries to discover CF gene correctors and potentiators, dual-acting compounds, read-through molecules, splicing defect repairing tools, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) "amplifiers," CFTR interactome modulators and the first gene editing attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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9
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Spanò V, Montalbano A, Carbone A, Scudieri P, Galietta LJV, Barraja P. An overview on chemical structures as ΔF508-CFTR correctors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:430-448. [PMID: 31326599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in the CFTR protein, is the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF). F508del causes misfolding and rapid degradation of CFTR protein a defect that can be targeted with pharmacological agents termed "correctors". Correctors belong to various chemical classes but are generally small molecules based on nitrogen sulfur or oxygen heterocycles. The mechanism of action of correctors is generally unknown but there is experimental evidence that some of them can directly act on mutant CFTR improving folding and stability. Here we overview the characteristics of the various F508del correctors described so far to obtain indications on key chemical structures and modifications that are required for mutant protein rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples, "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Veit G, Xu H, Dreano E, Avramescu RG, Bagdany M, Beitel LK, Roldan A, Hancock MA, Lay C, Li W, Morin K, Gao S, Mak PA, Ainscow E, Orth AP, McNamara P, Edelman A, Frenkiel S, Matouk E, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Barnes WG, Lukacs GL. Structure-guided combination therapy to potently improve the function of mutant CFTRs. Nat Med 2018; 24:1732-1742. [PMID: 30297908 PMCID: PMC6301090 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Available corrector drugs are unable to effectively rescue the folding defects of CFTR-ΔF508 (or CFTR-F508del), the most common disease-causing mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, a plasma membrane (PM) anion channel, and thus to substantially ameliorate clinical phenotypes of cystic fibrosis (CF). To overcome the corrector efficacy ceiling, here we show that compounds targeting distinct structural defects of CFTR can synergistically rescue mutant expression and function at the PM. High-throughput cell-based screens and mechanistic analysis identified three small-molecule series that target defects at nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1), NBD2 and their membrane-spanning domain (MSD) interfaces. Although individually these compounds marginally improve ΔF508-CFTR folding efficiency, function and stability, their combinations lead to ~50-100% of wild-type-level correction in immortalized and primary human airway epithelia and in mouse nasal epithelia. Likewise, corrector combinations were effective against rare missense mutations in various CFTR domains, probably acting via structural allostery, suggesting a mechanistic framework for their broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Haijin Xu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elise Dreano
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM)-INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Radu G Avramescu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miklos Bagdany
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariel Roldan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lay
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katelin Morin
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Gao
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Puiying A Mak
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward Ainscow
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Orth
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Saul Frenkiel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elias Matouk
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - William G Barnes
- Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. .,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines (GRASP), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Pibiri I, Lentini L, Melfi R, Tutone M, Baldassano S, Ricco Galluzzo P, Di Leonardo A, Pace A. Rescuing the CFTR protein function: Introducing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as translational readthrough inducing drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:126-142. [PMID: 30278331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense mutations in the CFTR gene prematurely terminate translation of the CFTR mRNA leading to the production of a truncated protein that lacks normal function causing a more severe form of the cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. About 10% of patients affected by CF show a nonsense mutation. A potential treatment of this alteration is to promote translational readthrough of premature termination codons (PTCs) by Translational Readthrough Inducing Drugs (TRIDs) such as PTC124. In this context we aimed to compare the activity of PTC124 with analogues differing in the heteroatoms position in the central heterocyclic core. By a validated protocol consisting of computational screening, synthesis and biological tests we identified a new small molecule (NV2445) with 1,3,4-oxadiazole core showing a high readthrough activity. Moreover, we evaluated the CFTR functionality after NV2445 treatment in CF model systems and in cells expressing a nonsense-CFTR-mRNA. Finally, we studied the supramolecular interactions between TRIDs and CFTR-mRNA to assess the biological target/mechanism and compared the predicted ADME properties of NV2445 and PTC124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pibiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Ricco Galluzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), via San Lorenzo Colli, 90145, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Dechecchi MC, Tamanini A, Cabrini G. Molecular basis of cystic fibrosis: from bench to bedside. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:334. [PMID: 30306073 PMCID: PMC6174194 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), is an autosomal recessive disease affecting different organs. The lung disease, characterized by recurrent and chronic bacterial infection and inflammation since infancy, is the main cause of morbidity and precocious mortality of these individuals. The innovative therapies directed to repair the defective CF gene should account for the presence of more than 200 disease-causing mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The review will recall the different experimental approaches in discovering CFTR protein targeted molecules, such as the high throughput screening on chemical libraries to discover correctors and potentiators of CFTR protein, dual-acting compounds, read-through molecules, splicing defects repairing tools, CFTR "amplifiers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Section of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratory of Analysis, Section of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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13
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Loo TW, Clarke DM. Corrector VX-809 promotes interactions between cytoplasmic loop one and the first nucleotide-binding domain of CFTR. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:24-31. [PMID: 28366727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A large number of correctors have been identified that can partially repair defects in folding, stability and trafficking of CFTR processing mutants that cause cystic fibrosis (CF). The best corrector, VX-809 (Lumacaftor), has shown some promise when used in combination with a potentiator (Ivacaftor). Understanding the mechanism of VX-809 is essential for development of better correctors. Here, we tested our prediction that VX-809 repairs folding and processing defects of CFTR by promoting interactions between the first cytoplasmic loop (CL1) of transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1) and the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1). To investigate whether VX-809 promoted CL1/NBD1 interactions, we performed cysteine mutagenesis and disulfide cross-linking analysis of Cys-less TMD1 (residues 1-436) and ΔTMD1 (residues 437-1480; NBD1-R-TMD2-NBD2) truncation mutants. It was found that VX-809, but not bithiazole correctors, promoted maturation (exited endoplasmic reticulum for addition of complex carbohydrate in the Golgi) of the ΔTMD1 truncation mutant only when it was co-expressed in the presence of TMD1. Expression in the presence of VX-809 also promoted cross-linking between R170C (in CL1 of TMD1 protein) and L475C (in NBD1 of the ΔTMD1 truncation protein). Expression of the ΔTMD1 truncation mutant in the presence of TMD1 and VX-809 also increased the half-life of the mature protein in cells. The results suggest that the mechanism by which VX-809 promotes maturation and stability of CFTR is by promoting CL1/NBD1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tip W Loo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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14
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Son JH, Zhu JS, Phuan PW, Cil O, Teuthorn AP, Ku CK, Lee S, Verkman AS, Kurth MJ. High-Potency Phenylquinoxalinone Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Activators. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2401-2410. [PMID: 28230981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified phenylquinoxalinone CFTRact-J027 (4) as a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activator with an EC50 of ∼200 nM and demonstrated its therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of constipation. Here, structure-activity studies were done on 36 synthesized phenylquinoxalinone analogs to identify compounds with improved potency and altered metabolic stability. Synthesis of the phenylquinoxalinone core was generally accomplished by condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamines with substituted phenyloxoacetates. Structure-activity studies established, among other features, the privileged nature of a properly positioned nitro moiety on the 3-aryl group. Synthesized analogs showed improved CFTR activation potency compared to 4 with EC50 down to 21 nM and with greater metabolic stability. CFTR activators have potential therapeutic indications in constipation, dry eye, cholestatic liver diseases, and inflammatory lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Son
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jie S Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Puay-Wah Phuan
- Departments of Medicine & Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Onur Cil
- Departments of Medicine & Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Andrew P Teuthorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Colton K Ku
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sujin Lee
- Departments of Medicine & Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine & Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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15
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Abstract
CFTR protein is an ion channel regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and expressed in many types of epithelial cells. CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion play an important role in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Pharmacological modulators of CFTR represent promising drugs for a variety of diseases. In particular, correctors and potentiators may restore the activity of CFTR in cystic fibrosis patients. Potentiators are also potentially useful to improve mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the other hand, CFTR inhibitors may be useful to block fluid and electrolyte loss in secretory diarrhea and slow down the progression of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zegarra-Moran
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
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16
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Hudson BM, Nguyen E, Tantillo DJ. The influence of intramolecular sulfur-lone pair interactions on small-molecule drug design and receptor binding. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3975-80. [PMID: 27049933 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-lone pair interactions are important conformational control elements in sulfur-containing heterocycles that abound in pharmaceuticals, natural products, agrochemicals, polymers and other important classes of organic molecules. Nonetheless, the role of intramolecular sulfur-lone pair interactions in the binding of small molecules to receptors is often overlooked. Here we analyze the magnitudes and origins of these interactions for a variety of biologically relevant small molecules using quantum chemical and automated docking calculations. In most cases examined in this study, the lowest energy conformation of the small molecule displays a sulfur-lone pair close contact. However, docking studies, both published and new, often predict that conformations without sulfur-lone pair contacts have the best binding affinity for their respective receptors. This is a serious problem. Since many of these predicted bound conformations are not actually energetically accessible, pursuing design (e.g., drug design) around these binding modes necessarily will lead, serendipity aside, to dead end designs. Our results constitute a caution that one best not neglect these interactions when predicting the binding affinities of potential ligands (drugs or not) for hosts (enzymes, receptors, DNA, RNA, synthetic hosts). Moreover, a better understanding and awareness of sulfur-lone pair interactions should facilitate the rational modulation of host-guest interactions involving sulfur-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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17
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Beno BR, Yeung KS, Bartberger MD, Pennington LD, Meanwell NA. A Survey of the Role of Noncovalent Sulfur Interactions in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4383-438. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Beno
- Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Lewis D. Pennington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
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18
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Rasheed S, Rao DN, Reddy AS, Shankar R, Das P. Sulphuric acid immobilized on silica gel (H2SO4–SiO2) as an eco-friendly catalyst for transamidation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel method of transamidation of carboxamides with amines using catalytic amounts of H2SO4–SiO2 under solvent-free conditions has been developed. The scope of the methodology has been demonstrated with primary and secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Rasheed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR)
- India
| | - D. Nageswar Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR)
- India
| | - A. Siva Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR)
- India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR)
- India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR)
- India
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19
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Ye L, Hu B, El-Badri F, Hudson BM, Phuan PW, Verkman AS, Tantillo DJ, Kurth MJ. ΔF508-CFTR correctors: synthesis and evaluation of thiazole-tethered imidazolones, oxazoles, oxadiazoles, and thiadiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5840-5844. [PMID: 25452003 PMCID: PMC4255153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF) is deletion of phenylalanine residue 508 in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator conductance (CFTR) protein. Small molecules that are able to correct the misfolding of defective ΔF508-CFTR have considerable promise for therapy. Reported here are the design, preparation, and evaluation of five more hydrophilic bisazole analogs of previously identified bithiazole CF corrector 1. Interestingly, bisazole ΔF508-CFTR corrector activity was not increased by incorporation of more H-bond acceptors (O or N), but correlated best with the overall bisazole molecular geometry. The structure activity data, together with molecular modeling, suggested that active bisazole correctors adopt a U-shaped conformation, and that corrector activity depends on the molecule's ability to access this molecular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, PR China.
| | - Bao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, PR China
| | - Faris El-Badri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Brandi M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Puay-Wah Phuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, United States; Department Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, United States
| | - A S Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, United States; Department Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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