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Li X, Song Y, Mu W, Hou X, Ba T, Ji S. Dysregulation of arginine methylation in tumorigenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1420365. [PMID: 38911125 PMCID: PMC11190088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1420365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation, similar to DNA methylation, primarily involves post-translational modification (PTM) targeting residues of nitrogen-containing side-chains and other residues. Protein arginine methylation, occurred on arginine residue, is mainly mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which are ubiquitously present in a multitude of organisms and are intricately involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Specifically, PRMTs are pivotal in the process of gene transcription regulation, and protein function modulation. Abnormal arginine methylation, particularly in histones, can induce dysregulation of gene expression, thereby leading to the development of cancer. The recent advancements in modification mediated by PRMTs and cancer research have had a profound impact on our understanding of the abnormal modification involved in carcinogenesis and progression. This review will provide a defined overview of these recent progression, with the aim of augmenting our knowledge on the role of PRMTs in progression and their potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaqiong Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Mu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Te Ba
- Department of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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2
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Brown T, Nguyen T, Zhou B, Zheng YG. Chemical probes and methods for the study of protein arginine methylation. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:647-669. [PMID: 37654509 PMCID: PMC10467615 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a widespread post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells. This chemical modification in proteins functionally modulates diverse cellular processes from signal transduction, gene expression, and DNA damage repair to RNA splicing. The chemistry of arginine methylation entails the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet, SAM) onto a guanidino nitrogen atom of an arginine residue of a target protein. This reaction is catalyzed by about 10 members of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). With impacts on a variety of cellular processes, aberrant expression and activity of PRMTs have been shown in many disease conditions. Particularly in oncology, PRMTs are commonly overexpressed in many cancerous tissues and positively correlated with tumor initiation, development and progression. As such, targeting PRMTs is increasingly recognized as an appealing therapeutic strategy for new drug discovery. In the past decade, a great deal of research efforts has been invested in illuminating PRMT functions in diseases and developing chemical probes for the mechanistic study of PRMTs in biological systems. In this review, we provide a brief developmental history of arginine methylation along with some key updates in arginine methylation research, with a particular emphasis on the chemical aspects of arginine methylation. We highlight the research endeavors for the development and application of chemical approaches and chemical tools for the study of functions of PRMTs and arginine methylation in regulating biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
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3
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Kathavarayan A, Ramasamy V, Rajamanickam R, Subramaniyan G. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface and Docking Studies of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4
H
‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arulvani Kathavarayan
- Department of Chemistry PGP College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Periyar University-Salem) Namakkal 637 207 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkateswaramoorthi Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry PGP College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Periyar University-Salem) Namakkal 637 207 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ramachandran Rajamanickam
- Department of Chemistry PGP College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Periyar University-Salem) Namakkal 637 207 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gunavathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Chemistry PGP College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Periyar University-Salem) Namakkal 637 207 Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Bifari EN, El-Shishtawy RM, Bouzzine SM, Fadili D, Hamidi M. Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational investigation of dimethine and trimethine cyanine-based dyes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Sauter C, Simonet J, Guidez F, Dumétier B, Pernon B, Callanan M, Bastie JN, Aucagne R, Delva L. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5443. [PMID: 36358861 PMCID: PMC9657843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification affecting protein activity and the transcription of target genes when methylation occurs on histone tails. There are nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in mammals, divided into subgroups depending on the methylation they form on a molecule of arginine. During the formation and maturation of the different types of blood cells, PRMTs play a central role by controlling cell differentiation at the transcriptional level. PRMT enzymatic activity is necessary for many cellular processes in hematological malignancies, such as the activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA repair processes, RNA splicing, and transcription by methylating histone tails' arginine. Chemical tools have been developed to inhibit the activity of PRMTs and have been tested in several models of hematological malignancies, including primary samples from patients, xenografts into immunodeficient mice, mouse models, and human cell lines. They show a significant effect by reducing cell viability and increasing the overall survival of mice. PRMT5 inhibitors have a strong therapeutic potential, as phase I clinical trials in hematological malignancies that use these molecules show promising results, thus, underlining PRMT inhibitors as useful therapeutic tools for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sauter
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - John Simonet
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Dumétier
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Pernon
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mary Callanan
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Romain Aucagne
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
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6
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Bhurta D, Bharate SB. Styryl Group, a Friend or Foe in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100706. [PMID: 35166041 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The styryl (Ph-CH=CH-R) group is widely represented in medicinally important compounds, including drugs, clinical candidates, and molecular probes as it positively impacts the lipophilicity, oral absorption, and biological activity. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (styryl vs. phenethyl, phenyl, methyl, H) for the biological activity indicates the superiority aspect of styryl compounds. However, the Michael acceptor site in the styryl group makes it amenable to the nucleophilic attack by biological nucleophiles and transformation to the toxic metabolites. One of the downsides of styryl compounds is isomerization that impacts the molecular conformation and directly affects biological activity. The impact of cis-trans isomerism and isosteric replacements on biological activity is exemplified. We also discuss the styryl group-bearing drugs, clinical candidates, and fluorescent probes. Overall, the present review reveals the utility of the styryl group in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deendyal Bhurta
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products and medicinal chemistry, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Sandip Bibishan Bharate
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine CSIR, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
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7
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Hwang JW, Cho Y, Bae GU, Kim SN, Kim YK. Protein arginine methyltransferases: promising targets for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:788-808. [PMID: 34006904 PMCID: PMC8178397 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), is observed in a wide variety of cell types from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. With recent and rapid advancements in epigenetic research, the importance of protein methylation has been highlighted. The methylation of histone proteins that contributes to the epigenetic histone code is not only dynamic but is also finely controlled by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are essential for the transcriptional regulation of genes. In addition, many nonhistone proteins are methylated, and these modifications govern a variety of cellular functions, including RNA processing, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and the cell cycle. Recently, the importance of protein arginine methylation, especially in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair processes, has been noted. Since the dysregulation of protein arginine methylation is closely associated with cancer development, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have garnered significant interest as novel targets for anticancer drug development. Indeed, several PRMT inhibitors are in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PRMTs in cancer and the current development status of PRMT inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Hwang
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Cho
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
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8
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Zuo WF, Zhou J, Wu YL, Fang HY, Lang XJ, Li Y, Zhan G, Han B. Synthesis of spiro(indoline-2,3′-hydropyridazine) via an “on-water” [4 + 2] annulation reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An on-water [4 + 2] annulation reaction between 2-methyl-3H-indolium salt and α-bromo N-acyl hydrazone has been developed. The environmentally friendly strategy provides the first facile access to spiro(indoline-2,3'-hydropyridazine) scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Hua-Ying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Xing-Jiang Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
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9
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Wang J, Zhao P, Li X, Fu H, Yang X, Wang G, Yang Y, Wei H, Zhou Z, Liao W. Evaluating the Photodynamic Biocidal Activity and Investigating the Mechanism of Thiazolium Cyanine Dyes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1580-1588. [PMID: 35021648 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop ideal photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), a thiazolium group was introduced in cyanine dyes to possess the advantages of intense absorption in the visible region and anti-microbial activity. We evaluated the anti-bacterial activity of the three thiazolium cyanine dyes against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) in vitro. This is the first time that such kinds of cyanine dyes are applied in the photodynamic antibiotic area. Cyanines display excellent anti-bacterial activity to S. aureus and E. coli exposed to white light irradiation, and the corresponding light-induced biocidal efficacy of cyanines increased with irradiation time and concentration. At the same time, there was no observation of dark anti-bacterial abilities. Especially, cyanines show low cell cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. These results suggest that thiazolium cyanine could work as a photosensitizer in PDT with great promise and broad applications for killing bacteria. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the vital factor for combating bacteria exposure to white light conditions, whereas it is not the only determining factor of the biocidal activity. The interaction of the cyanine to the cell membrane also plays a critical role in killing bacteria, which has exhibited a synergic effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. It influences the cell uptake and the membrane perturbation activity of the cyanines, which indirectly affects the biocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxia Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanquan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchuan Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
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10
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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11
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Defining the epigenetic status of blood cells using a cyanine-based fluorescent probe for PRMT1. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2829-2836. [PMID: 30373889 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of histone modification enzymes such as PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) determines the ordered epigenetic transitions in hematopoiesis. Sorting cells according to the expression levels of histone modification enzymes may further define subpopulations in hematopoietic lineages with unique differentiation potentials that are presently defined by surface markers. We discovered a vital near infrared dye, E84, that fluoresces brightly following binding to PRMT1 and excitation with a red laser. The staining intensity as measured by flow cytometry is correlated with the PRMT1 expression level. Importantly, E84 staining has no apparent negative effect on the proliferation of the labeled cells. Given that long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) produce low levels of PRMT1, we used E84 to sort LT-HSCs from mouse bone marrow. We found that SLAM (the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family) marker-positive LT-HSCs were enriched in the E84low cell fraction. We then performed bone marrow transplantations with E84high or E84low Lin-Sca1+Kit+ (LSK) cells and showed that whole blood cell lineages were successfully reconstituted 16 weeks after transplanting 200 E84low LSK cells. Thus, E84 is a useful new tool to probe the role of PRMT1 in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Developing E84 and other small molecules to label histone modification enzymes provides a convenient approach without modifying gene loci to study the interaction between hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell epigenetic status and differentiation state.
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12
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Haider T, Tiwari R, Vyas SP, Soni V. Molecular determinants as therapeutic targets in cancer chemotherapy: An update. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:85-109. [PMID: 31047907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that cancer cells are heterogeneous in nature and very distinct from their normal counterparts. Commonly these cancer cells possess different and complementary metabolic profile, microenvironment and adopting behaviors to generate more ATPs to fulfill the requirement of high energy that is further utilized in the production of proteins and other essentials required for cell survival, growth, and proliferation. These differences create many challenges in cancer treatments. On the contrary, such situations of metabolic differences between cancer and normal cells may be expected a promising strategy for treatment purpose. In this article, we focus on the molecular determinants of oncogene-specific sub-organelles such as potential metabolites of mitochondria (reactive oxygen species, apoptotic proteins, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3, etc.), endoplasmic reticulum (unfolded protein response, PKR-like ER kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, etc.), nucleus (nucleolar phosphoprotein, nuclear pore complex, nuclear localization signal), lysosome (microenvironment, etc.) and plasma membrane phospholipids, etc. that might be exploited for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs for therapeutic benefits. This review will help to understand the various targets of subcellular organelles at molecular levels. In the future, this molecular level understanding may be combined with the genomic profile of cancer for the development of the molecularly guided or personalized therapeutics for complete eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Suresh Prasad Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
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13
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. Mechanisms and Inhibitors of Histone Arginine Methylation. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1792-1807. [PMID: 30230223 PMCID: PMC6348102 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important regulatory role in chromatin restructuring and RNA transcription. Arginine methylation that is enzymatically catalyzed by the family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) can either activate or repress gene expression depending on cellular contexts. Given the strong correlation of PRMTs with pathophysiology, great interest is seen in understanding molecular mechanisms of PRMTs in diseases and in developing potent PRMT inhibitors. Herein, we reviewed key research advances in the study of biochemical mechanisms of PRMT catalysis and their relevance to cell biology. We highlighted how a random binary, ordered ternary kinetic model for PRMT1 catalysis reconciles the literature reports and endorses a distributive mechanism that the enzyme active site utilizes for multiple turnovers of arginine methylation. We discussed the impacts of histone arginine methylation and its biochemical interplays with other key epigenetic marks. Challenges in developing small-molecule PRMT inhibitors were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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14
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Smith E, Zhou W, Shindiapina P, Sif S, Li C, Baiocchi RA. Recent advances in targeting protein arginine methyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:527-545. [PMID: 29781349 PMCID: PMC6311705 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1474203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed the diverse roles of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family of proteins in multiple disease states. These findings have led to the development of specific inhibitors and discovery of several new classes of drugs with potential to treat both benign and malignant conditions. Areas covered: We provide an overview on the role of PRMT enzymes in healthy and malignant cells, highlighting the role of arginine methylation in specific pathways relevant to cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, we describe structure and catalytic activity of PRMT and discuss the mechanisms of action of novel small molecule inhibitors of specific members of the arginine methyltransferase family. Expert opinion: As the field of PRMT biology advances, it's becoming clear that this class of enzymes is highly relevant to maintaining normal physiologic processes as well and disease pathogenesis. We discuss the potential impact of PRMT inhibitors as a broad class of drugs, including the pleiotropic effects, off target effects the need for more detailed PRMT-centric interactomes, and finally, the potential for targeting this class of enzymes in clinical development of experimental therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Said Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Ye F, Zhang W, Ye X, Jin J, Lv Z, Luo C. Identification of Selective, Cell Active Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 through Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Assays. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1066-1073. [PMID: 29672052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a type II PRMT enzyme, is reported as an important therapeutic target in leukemia and lymphoma. In the present study, based on the combination of virtual screening and biochemical validations, we discovered a series of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PRMT5. Among those, DC_Y134 exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 value of 1.7 μM and displayed good selectivity against other methyltransferases. Further treatment with DC_Y134 inhibited the proliferation of several hematological malignancy cell lines by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot assays indicated that DC_Y134 reduced the cellular symmetrically dimethylated levels. In addition, we analyzed the binding mode of DC_Y134 through molecular docking, which revealed that DC_Y134 occupies the binding site of substrate arginine and explained the selectivity of this inhibitor. Taken together, compound DC_Y134 could be used to elucidate the biological roles of PRMT5 and serve as a lead compound for treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Weiyao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
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16
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Raposo AE, Piller SC. Protein arginine methylation: an emerging regulator of the cell cycle. Cell Div 2018; 13:3. [PMID: 29568320 PMCID: PMC5859524 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification where a methyl group is added onto arginine residues of a protein to alter detection by its binding partners or regulate its activity. It is known to be involved in many biological processes, such as regulation of signal transduction, transcription, facilitation of protein–protein interactions, RNA splicing and transport. The enzymes responsible for arginine methylation, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to methylate or associate with important regulatory proteins of the cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways, such as cyclin D1, p53, p21 and the retinoblastoma protein. Overexpression of PRMTs resulting in aberrant methylation patterns in cancers often correlates with poor recovery prognosis. This indicates that protein arginine methylation is also an important regulator of the cell cycle, and consequently a target for cancer regulation. The effect of protein arginine methylation on the cell cycle and how this emerging key player of cell cycle regulation may be used in therapeutic strategies for cancer are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E Raposo
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Sabine C Piller
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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17
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Song QY, Sun M, Yu HT, Nan ZB, Gao K. Phytochemical Investigation of the Culture of Epichloe bromicola N1. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Synthesis, optical properties and cytotoxicity of meso-heteroatom substituted IR-786 analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Yan M, Zhang B, Zhao J, Deng W, Lin W, Guan L. Approach to Introducing Substituent on the Dipole Conjugate Chain: The D−π–A Methine Chain Electrophilic Substitution. Org Lett 2017; 20:60-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Yan
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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20
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Wang C, Jiang H, Jin J, Xie Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Lian F, Liu YC, Zhang C, Ding H, Chen S, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Chen K, Ye F, Yao Z, Luo C. Development of Potent Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) Inhibitors of Leukemia Cell Proliferation. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8888-8905. [PMID: 29019697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are crucial players in diverse biological processes, and dysregulation of PRMTs has been linked to various human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, small molecules targeting PRMTs have profound impact for both academic functional studies and clinical disease treatment. Here, we report the discovery of N1-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)thio)benzyl)-N1-methylethane-1,2-diamine (28d, DCPR049_12), a highly potent inhibitor of type I PRMTs that has good selectivity against a panel of other methyltransferases. Compound 28d effectively inhibits cell proliferation in several leukemia cell lines and reduces the cellular asymmetric arginine dimethylation levels. Serving as an effective inhibitor, 28d demonstrates the mechanism of cell killing in both cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect as well as downregulation of the pivotal mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion target genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1, which reflects the critical roles of type I PRMTs in MLL leukemia. These studies present 28d as a valuable inhibitor to investigate the role of type I PRMTs in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fulin Lian
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd. , #5 Building, 998, Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenhua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd. , #5 Building, 998, Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai 210032, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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22
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Sahay II, Ghalsasi PS, Singh M, Begum R. Revisiting aryl amidine synthesis using metal amide and/or ammonia gas: Novel molecules and their biological evaluation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1330959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishani I. Sahay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Prasanna S. Ghalsasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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23
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Zhang WY, Lu WC, Jiang H, Lv ZB, Xie YQ, Lian FL, Liang ZJ, Jiang YX, Wang DJ, Luo C, Jin J, Ye F. Discovery of alkyl bis(oxy)dibenzimidamide derivatives as novel protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-yao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
| | - Wen-chao Lu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zheng-bing Lv
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yi-qian Xie
- Drug Discovery and Design Center; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Fu-lin Lian
- Drug Discovery and Design Center; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Zhong-jie Liang
- Center for Systems Biology; Soochow University; Jiangsu China
| | - Yu-xi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Da-jin Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou China
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24
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Abstract
![]()
Post-translational
modifications of histones by protein methyltransferases
(PMTs) and histone demethylases (KDMs) play an important role in the
regulation of gene expression and transcription and are implicated
in cancer and many other diseases. Many of these enzymes also target
various nonhistone proteins impacting numerous crucial biological
pathways. Given their key biological functions and implications in
human diseases, there has been a growing interest in assessing these
enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, discovering
and developing inhibitors of these enzymes has become a very active
and fast-growing research area over the past decade. In this review,
we cover the discovery, characterization, and biological application
of inhibitors of PMTs and KDMs with emphasis on key advancements in
the field. We also discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions
in this emerging, exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ümit Kaniskan
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Michael L Martini
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
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25
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Song X, Bian H, Wang C, Hu M, Li N, Xiao Y. Development and applications of a near-infrared dye–benzylguanine conjugate to specifically label SNAP-tagged proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8091-8101. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01698k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New approach to Changsha NIRs, new label to fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Hui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
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26
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Hu H, Luo C, Zheng YG. Transient Kinetics Define a Complete Kinetic Model for Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26722-26738. [PMID: 27834681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the enzymes responsible for posttranslational methylation of protein arginine residues in eukaryotic cells, particularly within the histone tails. A detailed mechanistic model of PRMT-catalyzed methylation is currently lacking, but it is essential for understanding the functions of PRMTs in various cellular pathways and for efficient design of PRMT inhibitors as potential treatments for a range of human diseases. In this work, we used stopped-flow fluorescence in combination with global kinetic simulation to dissect the transient kinetics of PRMT1, the predominant type I arginine methyltransferase. Several important mechanistic insights were revealed. The cofactor and the peptide substrate bound to PRMT1 in a random manner and then followed a kinetically preferred pathway to generate the catalytic enzyme-cofactor-substrate ternary complex. Product release proceeded in an ordered fashion, with peptide dissociation followed by release of the byproduct S-adenosylhomocysteine. Importantly, the dissociation rate of the monomethylated intermediate from the ternary complex was much faster than the methyl transfer. Such a result provided direct evidence for distributive arginine dimethylation, which means the monomethylated substrate has to be released to solution and rebind with PRMT1 before it undergoes further methylation. In addition, cofactor binding involved a conformational transition, likely an open-to-closed conversion of the active site pocket. Further, the histone H4 peptide bound to the two active sites of the PRMT1 homodimer with differential affinities, suggesting a negative cooperativity mechanism of substrate binding. These findings provide a new mechanistic understanding of how PRMTs interact with their substrates and transfer methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Cheng Luo
- the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Y George Zheng
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
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27
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Abstract
The post-translational modification of arginine residues represents a key mechanism for the epigenetic control of gene expression. Aberrant levels of histone arginine modifications have been linked to the development of several diseases including cancer. In recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the physiological role of individual arginine modifications and their effects on chromatin function. The present review aims to summarize the structural and functional aspects of histone arginine modifying enzymes and their impact on gene transcription. We will discuss the potential for targeting these proteins with small molecules in a variety of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Fuhrmann
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program
in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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28
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Hu H, Qian K, Ho MC, Zheng YG. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:335-58. [PMID: 26789238 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1144747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine methylation is an abundant posttranslational modification occurring in mammalian cells and catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Misregulation and aberrant expression of PRMTs are associated with various disease states, notably cancer. PRMTs are prominent therapeutic targets in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an updated review of the research on the development of chemical modulators for PRMTs. Great efforts are seen in screening and designing potent and selective PRMT inhibitors, and a number of micromolar and submicromolar inhibitors have been obtained for key PRMT enzymes such as PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT5. The authors provide a focus on their chemical structures, mechanism of action, and pharmacological activities. Pros and cons of each type of inhibitors are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Several key challenging issues exist in PRMT inhibitor discovery. Structural mechanisms of many PRMT inhibitors remain unclear. There lacks consistency in potency data due to divergence of assay methods and conditions. Physiologically relevant cellular assays are warranted. Substantial engagements are needed to investigate pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the new PRMT inhibitors in pertinent disease models. Discovery and evaluation of potent, isoform-selective, cell-permeable and in vivo-active PRMT modulators will continue to be an active arena of research in years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Kun Qian
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- b Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Nankang , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Y George Zheng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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29
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Benz[c,d]indolium-containing Monomethine Cyanine Dyes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2015; 21:E23. [PMID: 26712725 PMCID: PMC6274575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric monomethine cyanines have been extensively used as probes for nucleic acids among other biological systems. Herein we report the synthesis of seven monomethine cyanine dyes that have been successfully prepared with various heterocyclic moieties such as quinoline, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, dimethyl indole, and benz[e]indole adjoining benz[c,d]indol-1-ium, which was found to directly influence their optical and energy profiles. In this study the optical properties vs. structural changes were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance and computational approaches. The twisted conformation unique to monomethine cyanines was exploited in DNA binding studies where the newly designed sensor displayed an increase in fluorescence when bound in the DNA grooves compared to the unbound form.
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30
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Zhou R, Xie Y, Hu H, Hu G, Patel VS, Zhang J, Yu K, Huang Y, Jiang H, Liang Z, Zheng YG, Luo C. Molecular Mechanism underlying PRMT1 Dimerization for SAM Binding and Methylase Activity. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:2623-32. [PMID: 26562720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the posttranslational methylation of arginine, which is important in a range of biological processes, including epigenetic regulation, signal transduction, and cancer progression. Although previous studies of PRMT1 mutants suggest that the dimerization arm and the N-terminal region of PRMT1 are important for activity, the contributions of these regions to the structural architecture of the protein and its catalytic methylation activity remain elusive. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed in this study showed that both the dimerization arm and the N-terminal region undergo conformational changes upon dimerization. Because a correlation was found between the two regions despite their physical distance, an allosteric pathway mechanism was proposed based on a network topological analysis. The mutation of residues along the allosteric pathways markedly reduced the methylation activity of PRMT1, which may be attributable to the destruction of dimer formation and accordingly reduced S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) binding. This study provides the first demonstration of the use of a combination of MD simulations, network topological analysis, and biochemical assays for the exploration of allosteric regulation upon PRMT1 dimerization. These findings illuminate the results of mechanistic studies of PRMT1, which have revealed that dimer formation facilitates SAM binding and catalytic methylation, and provided direction for further allosteric studies of the PRMT family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University , Jiangsu 215006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University , Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Viral Sanjay Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongjie Liang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University , Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yujun George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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31
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Li X, Li YL, Chen Y, Zou Y, Zhuo XB, Wu QY, Zhao QJ, Hu HG. A silver-promoted solid-phase guanidylation process enables the first total synthesis of stictamide A. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
First total synthesis of stictamide A, a structurally unique peptide with a statine motif and a N-prenyl modified arginine in the side chain, is disclosed with a novel silver-promoted solid-phase strategy for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yu-lei Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Region
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xiao-bin Zhuo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Qiu-ye Wu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Qing-jie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Hong-gang Hu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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